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Bedrock Geology of Hardin County, Illinois F

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Bedrock Geology of Hardin County, Illinois F STATEMAP Hardin Co-BG Bedrock Geology of Hardin County, Illinois F. Brett Denny and Mary J. Seid 2014 Prairie Research Institute ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6918 (217) 244-2414 http://www.isgs.illinois.edu © 2014 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. For permission information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey. 1. Introduction Oil and gas test holes, water well descriptions, mineral This report accompanies a 1:48,000 scale map of Hardin exploration borings, and stratigraphic core holes, core County, Illinois. Hardin County is situated in southeastern descriptions, sample studies, electric logs, and drillers’ logs Illinois, bordered on the west by Pope County, on the north supplemented outcrop data. Historical field notes from other by Saline and Gallatin Counties, and on the south and east ISGS geologists provided valuable information and aided by the Ohio River (Fig. 1). Fieldwork was conducted in geologic interpretations. The bedrock geology of Hardin 2013 and 2014. Outcrops were common along steep slopes County was previously studied by Worthen and Engelmann but were concealed by soil cover in the sinkhole plain in (1866), Weller et al. (1920), Baxter et al. (1963), Baxter the southeastern portion of the map area. Faults were rarely and Desborough (1965), and Baxter et al. (1967). Reports exposed and often inferred by interpolating the locations of on the igneous rocks were previously undertaken by Brad- fluorite mines. The oldest rocks of Devonian age are exposed bury and Baxter (1992) and Moorehead (2013). Reports on at Hicks Dome, in the northwestern part of the county. Mis- the Illinois-Kentucky Fluorite District and its mines and sissippian rocks crop out in an oval-shaped belt around the minerals were completed by Bastin (1931), Weller, Grogan central uplift. Pennsylvanian rocks occur in the northern and Tippie (1952), Heyl and Brock (1961), Brecke (1962), and eastern parts of the county, as well as in the Rock Creek Hutcheson (1973), Heyl et al. (1974), and Goldstein (1997). Graben. Permian igneous intrusions occur as dikes or narrow The new Hardin County geologic map utilizes data from sub-vertical “pipe-like” intrusions and in thin layered sills. these previous reports and incorporates newly acquired data These rocks are ultramafic lamprophyres, autolithic breccias, based on field work from 2007 to 2014 into an updated map and diatremes and are present throughout Hardin County. and accompanying report. The igneous rocks trend north-northwest and are also clus- tered around the periphery of Hicks Dome. All of the geologic data was compiled using ArcGIS. The geodatabase includes additional information not depicted on the geologic map, including brief details of the mineral prospects and mines. N 3. Stratigraphy The bedrock exposed in the quadrangle ranges from Lower and Middle Devonian cherty limestone to Middle Pennsylva- ILLINOIS nian sandstone and shale. A thin cap of Quaternary alluvium and loess covers parts of the quadrangle. Cahokia alluvium was mapped in well-developed stream valleys and terraces along the Ohio River terraces, but loess was not mapped. Lithologic descriptions of each mapping unit starting with Hardin the oldest Devonian formation is described in the following County section. Devonian The Clear Creek Chert, Grand Tower Limestone, and St. Figure 1 Project location map. Laurent Formations (Du) are combined together and are not differentiated since identification of individual forma- 2. Background and Methods tions is difficult in their outcrop area at the center of Hicks Dome. They all consist of cherty limestone and dolostone The Hardin County geologic map utilizes data from eight that have been silicified and weathered to a cherty white re- 7.5-minute quadrangle maps: Shetlerville, Herod, Rosiclare, siduum in a dark reddish brown clayey soil. Their combined Karbers Ridge, Cave-in-Rock, Saline Mines, Repton, and thickness is estimated to be over 400 feet thick. Dekoven. Recent 1:24,000 scale maps of each of these quad- rangles have been completed within the past decade through The Clear Creek Chert is composed of cherty limestone and a joint initiative between the ISGS and USGS (Denny et al. dolostone. The chert is light gray to white, and the limestone 2008a, 2010, 2011b, 2013; Denny and Counts 2009; Seid has been altered to a siliceous porous rock with clasts con- et al. 2013a, 2013b; Seid and Denny 2014). These 1:24,000 taining the brachiopods Amphigenia curta and Eodevonaria scale maps were combined, and the scale was reduced to arcuata. The underlying Grassy Knob Chert may be pres- 1:48,000. Outcrop studies were conducted along quadrangle ent since the Clear Creek and Grassy Knob are difficult to boundaries to rectify interpretations from different authors. separate, although the Grassy Knob does not contain many Thin map units were combined, and closely spaced faults brachiopod molds and contains very few bioclasts. The were omitted for clarity. 1 Backbone limestone is present between the Grassy Knob and Figure 2 Clear Creek Chert in the northern portions of Illinois which FORMATION Classification allows the Grassy Knob and Clear Creek to be differentiated. of the Devoni- SERIES Member or Bed The top of the Clear Creek Chert marks the top the Lower SYSTEM an and Lower Mississip- Devonian in this area of the state. The thickness of the Clear Fort Payne pian in Hardin Creek is estimated to be greater than 200 feet. The Grand County. Tower Limestone is dominated by light gray lithographic and siliceous limestone and dolostone. Workers in other Springville parts of the state have reported a basal sandstone which is almeyeran V Shale differentiated as the Dutch Creek Sandstone and a bentonite bed called the Tioga Bentonite which is at the top of the unit. Chouteau The Dutch Creek is less than 20 feet thick and the Tioga, if Mississippian Limestone present, is less than 6 inches thick (Willman et al. 1975). The base of the Grand Tower marks the base of the Middle Devo- Hannibal Shale nian in this region of Illinois. The grand Tower is estimated mbr. Kinderhookian to be 120 to 200 feet thick in this area. The St. Laurent Formation is composed of cherty and siliceous limestone, Saverton Shale dolostone, and shale. The unit was originally limestone but mbr. has been mostly silicified to a cherty or siliceous residuum Grassy Creek at the surface. Subsurface data indicate that the unit is a r Shale mbr. cherty argillaceous limestone. The St. Laurent is equivalent Albany Shale Uppe to the Lingle and Alto Formations, but due to stratigraphic Sweetland Creek complexities and miscorrelation Weller (1944) recom- New Shale mbr. mended combining the units into the St. Laurent Formation. Nelson et al. (1995) combined the Alto and Lingle into a Blocher Sh. mbr. single formation and adopted the St. Laurent nomenclature in southwestern Illinois. A diagnostic fossil for the lower St. St. Laurent Devonian Laurent is microcyclus discus which is a button coral (Nel- Formation son et al. 1995). Few exposures of this unit are available, but e Tioga Bentonite a two holes drilled by the ISGS on the Doug Deal property bed (0-0.6 ft.) (30-T11S-R8E) probably encountered this unit. The St. Lau- Middl Grand Tower rent is estimated to be 70 to 110 feet thick in this area. Limestone Dutch Creek SS. Devonian-Mississippian mbr. (0-30 ft.) The boundary between the Devonian-Mississippian is dif- r ficult to determine in this region but exists within the New Clear Creek Chert Albany Shale (Fig. 2). Collinson (1961) utilized conodonts Lowe to redefine the boundary to include the upper part of the New Albany Shale Group and stated that the boundary was gener- of the New Albany Shale and its contact with the Chouteau ally conformable except along the flanks of the Ozark uplift. Limestone can also be observed in Hicks Branch on the southwest side of Hicks Dome, although the Chouteau is The New Albany Shale and Chouteau Limestone (MDcn) only a few feet thick in this exposure. were combined and together attain a thickness of about 320 to 420 feet. The New Albany Shale was considered a group The New Albany Shale is divided into several members, by Willman et al. (1975) and there are probably marked from base to top: the Blocher Shale member, Sweetland contrasts between the individual formations that Willman Creek Shale member, Grassy Creek Shale member, Saver- cites. Regardless, these formations are very difficult to sepa- ton Shale member, and the Hannibal Shale member. The rate while mapping and given the similarities between these shales are black to greenish and bluish-gray, fissile, and may units, ranking them at group level is questionable. Nelson et be either silty or calcareous. Some of the more calcareous al. (1995) also concluded that group status was improper and layers may grade into argillaceous limestones, but these are lowered the group to formation status. We have followed the thin and rare. The unit is dominantly black fissile shale with nomenclature of Nelson et al. (1995), lowering the status of pyrite and few macrofossils. The Blocher is a black fissile the New Albany from group to formation. These units are shale that may include some gray silty shale at the top. The easily eroded, forming a valley of low topographic relief Blocher may be difficult to distinguish from the remaining encircling Hicks Dome. The New Albany Shale crops out in New Albany Shale. The Sweetland Creek Shale is com- active stream cuts along Goose Creek and is well exposed posed of gray and green fissile shale. Above the Sweetland along Hicks Branch Creek southeast of Hicks Dome. The top Creek is a dark gray to black fissile shale called the Grassy 2 Creek.
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