An Issue Dedicated to Solutions for the Modern Mining Industry
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Positive PFS Results for Razorback High Grade Iron Ore Concentrate Project
ASX Announcement 5 July 2021 Positive PFS Results for Razorback High Grade Iron Ore Concentrate Project Highlights: • Pre Feasibility Study completed and scope defined for Definitive Feasibility Study • PFS supports declaration of a maiden ore reserve of 473mt based on a 12.8Mtpa plant throughput, backed by PFS level or AACE Class 4 capital cost estimates and/or third-party service proposals1 • Optimisation of the processing plant configuration with a nominal 15.5Mtpa feed plant utilising three grinding stages, three stage magnetic separation and flotation to generate a premium grade magnetite concentrate with 67.5 - 68.5% Fe content • Non-process infrastructure and transport studies confirm preferred scope for operating inputs and initial route selection to load annual production of between 2 and 3 Mtpa of high grade concentrate on to Cape size vessels • Initial capital investment of US$429-$506M (A$572-$675M) resulting in optimised case results of NPV of A$669M and 20% IRR for selected go-forward case at long run average prices (post tax, ungeared) • Preparation for a prompt commencement of Definitive Feasibility Study is well advanced with further drilling, testwork, metallurgical investigation and engineering workplans in progress Magnetite Mines Limited (Magnetite Mines or the Company) today announced the results of the Pre Feasibility Study (PFS) for development of its 100% owned Razorback High Grade Iron Ore Concentrate Project (the Project or Razorback) and is now proceeding with the Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS). The PFS has confirmed the opportunity for a high return, long life, initial development of the large scale Razorback resource which leverages the advantages of resource scale, low stripping ratio, available infrastructure, low cost sustainable power and leading product quality. -
Recovery of Magnetite-Hematite Concentrate from Iron Ore Tailings
E3S Web of Conferences 247, 01042 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701042 ICEPP-2021 Recovery of magnetite-hematite concentrate from iron ore tailings Mikhail Khokhulya1,*, Alexander Fomin1, and Svetlana Alekseeva1 1Mining Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209, Russia Abstract. The research is aimed at study of the probable recovery of iron from the tailings of the Olcon mining company located in the north-western Arctic zone of Russia. Material composition of a sample from a tailings dump was analysed. The authors have developed a separation production technology to recover magnetite-hematite concentrate from the tailings. A processing flowsheet includes magnetic separation, milling and gravity concentration methods. The separation technology provides for production of iron ore concentrate with total iron content of 65.9% and recovers 91.0% of magnetite and 80.5% of hematite from the tailings containing 20.4% of total iron. The proposed technology will increase production of the concentrate at a dressing plant and reduce environmental impact. 1 Introduction The mineral processing plant of the Olcon JSC, located at the Murmansk region, produces magnetite- At present, there is an important problem worldwide in hematite concentrate. The processing technology the disposal of waste generated during the mineral includes several magnetic separation stages to produce production and processing. Tailings dumps occupy huge magnetite concentrate and two jigging stages to produce areas and pollute the environment. However, waste hematite concentrate from a non-magnetic fraction of material contains some valuable components that can be magnetic separation [13]. used in various industries. In the initial period of plant operation (since 1955) In Russia, mining-induced waste occupies more than iron ore tailings were stored in the Southern Bay of 300 thousand hectares of lands. -
Treatment and Microscopy of Gold
TREATMENT AND MICROSCOPY OF GOLD AND BASE METAL ORES. (Script with Sketches & Tables) Short Course by R. W. Lehne April 2006 www.isogyre.com Geneva University, Department of Mineralogy CONTENTS (Script) page 1. Gold ores and their metallurgical treatment 2 1.1 Gravity processes 2 1.2 Amalgamation 2 1.3 Flotation and subsequent processes 2 1.4 Leaching processes 3 1.5 Gold extraction processes 4 1.6 Cyanide leaching vs. thio-compound leaching 5 2. Microscopy of gold ores and treatment products 5 2.1 Tasks and problems of microscopical investigations 5 2.2 Microscopy of selected gold ores and products 6 (practical exercises) 3. Base metal ores and their beneficiation 7 3.1 Flotation 7 3.2 Development of the flotation process 7 3.3 Principles and mechanisms of flotation 7 3.4 Column flotation 9 3.5 Hydrometallurgy 10 4. Microscopy of base metal ores and milling products 10 4.1 Specific tasks of microscopical investigations 11 4.2 Microscopy of selected base metal ores and milling products 13 (practical exercises) 5. Selected bibliography 14 (Sketches & Tables) Different ways of gold concentration 15 Gravity concentration of gold (Agricola) 16 Gravity concentration of gold (“Long Tom”) 17 Shaking table 18 Humphreys spiral concentrator 19 Amalgamating mills (Mexican “arrastra”, Chilean “trapiche”) 20 Pressure oxidation flowsheet 21 Chemical reactions of gold leaching and cementation 22 Cyanide solubilities of selected minerals 23 Heap leaching flowsheet 24 Carbon in pulp process 25 Complexing of gold by thio-compounds 26 Relation gold content / amount of particles in polished section 27 www.isogyre.com Economically important copper minerals 28 Common zinc minerals 29 Selection of flotation reagents 30 Design and function of a flotation cell 31 Column cell flotation 32 Flowsheet of a simple flotation process 33 Flowsheet of a selective Pb-Zn flotation 34 Locking textures 35 2 1. -
Pike Law Geology Report by Colin Fowler
Geology of the Pike Law area. The Pike law mine site lies astride the Newbiggin to Westgate road, bounded on the east by Flushiemere beck and on the west by Westerbeck, with Broadley Hill at the NE corner being the highest point at 530m. Dunham describes the area: “The outcrop of the beds between the base of the Great Limestone and the Firestone on Pike Law, between Wester Beck and Flushiemere Beck, is traversed by a remarkable complex of veins.” (PP 243) Details of the geology have been given by Dunham, (1948 &1990); Bridges and Young, (2007); Bevins et al, (2010). Geological Survey of England and Wales 1:63,360/1:50,000 geological map series, New Series, sheet 25, Alston. The area has been worked by shaft, adit and hush, with 3 named areas of hush to the East of the road, Leonard’s Hush; Pikelaw Hush and Flask Hushes. To the West of the road, West End Hushes. There are a complex of leats and old dams forming reservoirs on both sides of the road, though non of them seem to have been able to hold sufficient water to enable hydraulic flushing alone to have created the hushes that we see. It is most likely to have been quarried and the water used for washing the mineral. “The production of lead concentrates from 1852 to 1891, when all work ceased was only 1725 tons.” (Dunham) “Surface evidence suggests that the area had been heavily worked prior to 1852, and what is recorded is the last gleanings of an old mining field” (Fairburn, A 2009) The figure given in Dunham may be optimistic, J. -
Addressing the Information Gaps on Prices of Minerals Sold in an Intermediate Form
The Platform for Cooperation on Tax DISCUSSION DRAFT: Addressing the Information Gaps on Prices of Minerals Sold in an Intermediate Form Feedback Period 24 January 2017 – 21 February 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) World Bank Group (WBG) International Monetary Fund (IMF) United Nations (UN) 1 This discussion draft has been prepared in the framework of the Platform for Collaboration on Tax by the OECD, under the responsibility of the Secretariats and Staff of the four mandated organisations. The draft reflects a broad consensus among these staff, but should not be regarded as the officially endorsed views of those organisations or of their member countries. 1 Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Domestic Resource Mobilisation from Mining......................................................................................... 6 Report Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Building An Understanding of the Mining Sector – A Methodology ................................................ 10 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Steps in the Methodology ........................................................................................................................... -
Georgius Agricola and Vannoccio Biringuccio, Long Deceased, Without Whose Work This Project Could Not Have Been Undertaken
TC0/61-- Project Number: 48-EMP-HGMW Mining and Metallurgy to the Renaissance An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Matt Skinner Lenny Frank Michael Galvin r Advisor: Prof. E. Malc Parkinson E: Date: July 22, 1999 E Project Abstract The Higgins Armory staff are interested in the processing of metals before they reach the hands of the armor-maker. This project is a collection of some of the information available on mining, metal-working, and the early metal industry of Europe up to the Renaissance. It is intended to serve as an introduction for staff, and to provide information that they can incorporate into their guided tours of the museum. ii Acknowledgements The project team would like to thank the following people for their assistance and efforts. Professor E. Malcolm Parkinson, our project advisor, for his guidance, patience, and instruction on this project. Linda Honan, the former Director of Instruction, and Kent dur Russell, the Director of the Higgins Armory Museum, Worcester, for their support and interest in this project. Georgius Agricola and Vannoccio Biringuccio, long deceased, without whose work this project could not have been undertaken. iii Table of Contents List of Illustrations v Introduction 1 Ancient Times Ancient Sources 3 Ancient and Roman Mining Technique 4 Processing and Refining 14 Roman Mineral Sources 23 Medieval Times Medieval Mining 34 The Renaissance Introduction 36 Georgius Agricola 37 Vannoccio Biringuccio 41 De Re Metallica 43 Pirotechnia 77 Conclusion and Recommendations 92 Appendix I: Properties of Metals 94 Appendix II: Annotated Bibliography 98 iv List of Illustrations Ancient Fig. -
Charge Calculations in Pyrometallurgical Processes
Charge Calculations in Pyrometallurgical Processes Smelting It is a unit process similar to roasting, to heat a mixture of ore concentrate above the melting point The objective is to separate the gangue mineral from liquid metal or matte The state of the gangue mineral in case of smelting is liquid which is the main difference between roasting and smelting Inputs – Ore, flux, fuel, air Output – Metal or Matte, slag, off-gas When metal is separated as sulphide from smelting of ore, it is called Matte smelting e.g. Cu2S and FeS When metal is separated as liquid, it is called reduction smelting e.g. Ironmaking Density of liquid metal or matte is around 5-5.5 g/cm3 Density of slag is around 2.8-3 g/cm3 The additives and fluxes serve to convert the waste or gangue materials in the charge into a low melting point slag which also dissolves the coke ash and removes sulphur Matte Smelting Advantages of matte smelting • Low melting point of matte so that less amount of thermal energy is required by converting the metal of the ore in the form of sulphide and then extracting the metal e.g. melting point of Cu2S and FeS is around 1000 degrees Celsius • Cu2S which is contained in the matte, does not require any reducing agent It is converted to oxide by blowing oxygen • Matte smelting is beneficial for extraction of metal from sulphide ore, particularly when sulphide ore is associated with iron sulphide which forms eutectic point with Cu and Ni The grade of the matte is defined as the copper grade of matte A matte of 40 percent means, it has 40% copper, so matte is always given in terms of copper, because it is used to produce copper not iron Slag in matte smelting is mixture of oxides e.g. -
Notes on Mining Leats” British Mining No.37, NMRS, Pp.19-45
BRITISH MINING No.37 BRITISH MINING No.37 MEMOIRS 1988 Bird, R.H. 1988 “Notes on Mining Leats” British Mining No.37, NMRS, pp.19-45 Published by the THE NORTHERN MINE RESEARCH SOCIETY SHEFFIELD U.K. © N.M.R.S. & The Author(s) 1988. ISSN 0309-2199 NOTES ON MINING LEATS R.H. Bird “.... the means of putting to work many mines that would otherwise remain unworked, or if worked, could not be worked with profitable results.” Absalom Francis. 1874. SYNOPSIS Watercourses supplying mining works have been in use for centuries but their complexity increased during the 19th century, particularly in mining districts which were remote from coal supplies used for steam engines but which had sufficient river systems (or streams) of a dependable nature. Their role in Britain’s mining areas is discussed, with examples from overseas locations. An attempt is made to outline their construction methods and costs. In an age when water power reigned supreme and, indeed, for some time thereafter, mills and manufacturing industries were dependant on a steady supply of water to drive that prime mover, the water wheel. Flour mills, fulling mills and the early ferrous metal industries were sited next to reliable river or stream courses and could thus utilise this water source with little difficulty. Sometimes, the configuration of the stream was inconveniently placed for the mill site and the miller was forced to construct a ditch, from a dam upstream of his mill, and by this, lead the water to his wheel. After driving the wheel, the water was returned to the stream directly or through another ditch, the tailrace. -
India's Contribution to the Mining, Extraction and Refining of Gold: Some Observations Related to the Pre-Christian Era
0 2001 NML Jamshedpur 831 007, India; Metallurgy in India: A Retrospective; (ISBN: 81-87053-56-7); Eds: P. Ramachandra Rao and N.G. Goswami; pp.163-181. 8 India's Contribution to the Mining, Extraction and Refining of Gold: Some Observations Related to the Pre-Christian Era ' R.K. Dube. • Department of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanptir .208 016, India. ABSTRACT India has a very old and fascinating history of gold. Various aspects of the mining and metallurgy of gold were known to the Indians since time immemorial. In this paper, different types of the gold ore deposits', and the technique used in the extraction and refining of gold in ancient India as obtained from the literary sources 'composed in the pre-Christian era and some archaeological findings are discussed. The recovery of a novel variety of high purity gold powder, known as Pipilaka Gold, from the auriferous soil of ant-hills, as stated in the Maheibharata, has also been discussed. Key, words : Alluvial placer gold, Vein gold, Liquid ore of gold, Panning, Deep mining, Cupellation, Solid state refining of gold, Anks'r gold. INTRODUCTION Man and metal have an age-old relationship. Out of all metals known to man in ancient times, p-6i-haps gold was the first with which man became acquainted. Indians had, and still continue to have, great fascination for gold. Its special attributes, such as pleasing and untarnishing colour, excellent corrosion and . oxidation resistance, ease of forming, and limited availability made it an ideal metal for ornaments, decoration, currency, and store of wealth in ancient India. -
Plotting out Big Energy Savings Cooperative, Inc
COOPERATIVEconnection Valley FROM THE PRESIDENT & CEO Rural Electric Plotting out big energy savings Cooperative, Inc. AROUND THIS time each For instance, investing in additional year, when my cabin fever insulation has little impact on heating is at its peak, I find relief by bills if a drafty front door or inefficient turning my thoughts windows conspire against it. Spending a One of 14 electric toward spring. I think of few hours on a home energy audit — a cooperatives serving Pennsylvania and my ambitious neighbors full assessment of how your house uses New Jersey and friends who have no energy and where problems lie — will doubt already begun plot- ensure that money designated for effi- ting out this year’s veg- ciency projects is spent wisely. Valley Rural Electric etable and flower gardens. Valley offers a free online energy Cooperative, Inc. by Wayne Miller They are busy scribbling auditing tool through the co-op’s web- 10700 Fairgrounds Road President & CEO out designs for their rows site. You can perform a complete audit P.O. Box 477 and beds — making sure tailored to your specific home by visit- Huntingdon, PA 16652-0477 814/643-2650 plants will be arranged so that they have ing www.valleyrec.com. Click the Save 1-800-432-0680 room to grow and taller vegetables won’t Energy tab to get started. www.valleyrec.com shade lower-growing species. After they Those who aren’t internet-savvy can settle on a plan, they’ll get to work have a free professional energy audit BOA RD O F D IRE CT O RS preparing the soil for the seeds that will performed at their home by the energy James Stauffer hopefully yield an abundant harvest. -
World Bank Document
ReportNo. 1351-BA Burma Appraisalof the Tin and TungstenExpansion Project Public Disclosure Authorized February8, 1977 Industrial ProjectsDepartment FOR OFFICIAL USEONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Thisdocument hasa restricteddistribution and may be usedby recipients only in the performanceof their officialduties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosedwithout World Bankauthorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS Except where otherwise indicated, all figures are quoted in Kyats (K) and US Dollars (US$). K 1.00 = US$0.15 K 6.65 = US$1.00 ABBRIVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS CIDA Canadian InternationalDevelopment Association DGSE Directorateof Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Government Government of the SocialistRepublic of the Union of Burma KfW Kreditanstaltfur Wiederaufbau ITC InternationalTin Council LMB London Metal Bulletin LME London Metal Exchange LTPY Long tons per year MC2, the Corporation No. 2 Mining Corporation (formerlyMyanma Tin Tungsten Corporation - MTTC) MDC Mineral Development Corporation MEB Myanma Economic Bank IMEIC Myanma Export Import Corporation MMDC Myanma Mineral Development Corporation HOC Myanma Oil Corporation 1'PY Metric tons per year PTA Primary Tungsten Association UBB Union Bank of Burma UGCF Union Government ConsolidatedFund UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Program USBM US Bureau of Mines WBMS World Bureau of Metal Statistics WEIGHTSAND MEASURES 1 Hectare = 2.47 acres 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles 1 Long Ton (LT) = 2,240 pounds 1 Long Ton Unit (LTU) = 1% of a long ton or 22.4 pounds 1 Meter (m) = 39.3 inches 1 Metric Ton (MT) = 2,205 pounds 1 Metric Ton Unit (MTU)= 1% of a metric ton, or 22.05 pounds 1 Picul (Pikul) = 133.33 pounds FISCAL YEAR April 1 - March 31 Industrial Projects Department February 1977 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY BURMA APPRAISAL OF THE TIN AND TUNGSTEN EXPANSION PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. -
FIG. 1 I Crush And/Or Grind to Free the Iron Oxide
Aug. 22, 1967 J‘ E. LAWVER 3,337,328 IRON ORE BENEFICIATION PROCESS Filed June 19, 1964 6 Sheets-Sheet l Heavy Media Tailings Tailing Pond Fines or Semitaconite 25 to 50% Iron FIG. 1 I Crush and/or Grind to Free the Iron Oxide Partial Concentration to Separate Iron Mineral from Waste Product by one of Following Processes or or A B C High Intensity Wet Froth Gravity Magnetic Separation Flotation Separation l l I I Partial Waste Partial Waste Partial Waste Concentrate Product Concentrate Product Concentrate Product L I I . Gravity Gravity Concentrates or Separation of Partial‘ Concentrates Low-grade Hematitic Ore From "An or “all or "ch 40 to 58%‘.Iron Crush and Grind to Liberate Silica Coarse Fraction Minus O. 010" plus 0.003" Fine Fraction‘ Less than 0.003" G to 75% Weight @ 25 to 100% Weight Electrodynamic Process to Separate Froth Flotation Process to Separate Iron Oxides and Silica Iron Oxides and Silica Silica Product to Waste Silica Product to Waste Iron Oxide Concentrate 62 to 65% Iron 5% Silica ' INVENTOR J9me; E. L’ AWl/ER 14 T TORNE Y! Aug. 22, 1967 J. e. LAWVER 3,337,328 IRON ORE BENEFICIATION PROCESS Filed ‘June 19, 1964 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Crude Ore %Wt. 100. O0 FIG.' 2 %Fe%Insol.4l.l9 39 . 35 4" Screen -4" Ore +4" Ore %wt.84.45 %Wt. 15.39 %E‘e 4O. 19 %E'e 34. 75 %Inso]l . 48. 57 Crush 8 Screen %Fe Rec.l3.59 _ -___.______ +14 Mesh ~~14 Mesh Heavy Media Sands Slimes Separation '7‘Wt- 9-58 Spirals %E‘e 11.78 Sinks Floats ' Concentrate r(‘ailing %Wt.