Georgius Agricola and Vannoccio Biringuccio, Long Deceased, Without Whose Work This Project Could Not Have Been Undertaken
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COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES Inside Arthur Lakes LIBRARY 14 8 7 6 e u s Find it on the Web Site! 2 Library Directory 3 s i Our Crown Jewels 4 Collections Conservation 6 s Access 24/7 7 i You Spoke, We Listened : Survey Results 8 h Award Winning Student Assistants 9 Russell L. Wood Circulation Desk 10 t Lost & Found Alumni 12 Treasures of the Map Room 14 n i Donations 2003 15 Volume 1, Issue 1 Winter 2004 CONTACT INFO CONTACT www.mines.edu/library directory Find it on the Web Site! www.mines.edu/library ON THE WEB We’ve recently redesigned the Library web site to include our 1400 Illinois Street new logo, plus make use of the latest in web authoring standards. Golden, Colorado 80401 Designed by Innovative IO located in Superior, Colorado, the page Phone: (303) 273-3911 size is smaller so pages load faster. The site is more accessible to the Fax: (303) 273-3199 visually impaired, and may be updated across all of our hundreds of www.mines.edu/library pages with a minimum amount of fuss, allowing us to easily keep things up to date. As the Library grows and changes the web site For hours call or visit our web site will easily be able to grow and change with it. The Library’s logo appears Assistance on nearly every page in the Circulation: (303) 273-3698 web site. It serves to inform Reference Desk: (303) 273-3694 you when the page displayed Government Publications: (303) 273-3695 is maintained by the Library. -
De Re Metallica, 1556. Part 2
J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2015; 45: 248–50 Ex libris http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/JRCPE.2015.315 © 2015 Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Agricola’s De re metallica, 1556. Part 2 In Part 11 I mentioned the Hoover vocabulary, which Agricola himself translation of De re metallica. Since this is discusses in his introduction, he did the only English translation, it is likely to what all renaissance authors did, he be the lens through which most modern used general vocabulary to give readers will view Agricola’s work and so descriptions of particular things or merits some further discussion. processes. But he went much further; he added several hundred excellent It is a good translation in that it presents woodcuts, placed in the text beside the the meaning of Agricola’s text clearly verbal account, which make his and accurately and the extensive descriptions of physical arrangements accompanying notes by Herbert Hoover very clear indeed. And in his dedicatory are illuminating. But, for those who are preface, after summarising his book, he not mining engineers or metallurgists, explains exactly why he has done this: the replacement of Agricola’s rather So I have taken up this task, and if I general descriptions by modern have not completed it because it is technical words often adds little light – so extensive, I have certainly and sometimes has the opposite effect; endeavoured to do so; for I have for example, Hoover’s ‘upper cross ex libris RCPE expended much work and labour launder’ is less helpful to a general upon it and also laid out some reader than Agricola’s ‘upper transverse De re metallica libri XII expense. -
Pike Law Geology Report by Colin Fowler
Geology of the Pike Law area. The Pike law mine site lies astride the Newbiggin to Westgate road, bounded on the east by Flushiemere beck and on the west by Westerbeck, with Broadley Hill at the NE corner being the highest point at 530m. Dunham describes the area: “The outcrop of the beds between the base of the Great Limestone and the Firestone on Pike Law, between Wester Beck and Flushiemere Beck, is traversed by a remarkable complex of veins.” (PP 243) Details of the geology have been given by Dunham, (1948 &1990); Bridges and Young, (2007); Bevins et al, (2010). Geological Survey of England and Wales 1:63,360/1:50,000 geological map series, New Series, sheet 25, Alston. The area has been worked by shaft, adit and hush, with 3 named areas of hush to the East of the road, Leonard’s Hush; Pikelaw Hush and Flask Hushes. To the West of the road, West End Hushes. There are a complex of leats and old dams forming reservoirs on both sides of the road, though non of them seem to have been able to hold sufficient water to enable hydraulic flushing alone to have created the hushes that we see. It is most likely to have been quarried and the water used for washing the mineral. “The production of lead concentrates from 1852 to 1891, when all work ceased was only 1725 tons.” (Dunham) “Surface evidence suggests that the area had been heavily worked prior to 1852, and what is recorded is the last gleanings of an old mining field” (Fairburn, A 2009) The figure given in Dunham may be optimistic, J. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION. BIOGRAPHY. EORGIUS AGRICOLA was bom at Glauchau, in Saxony, on March 24th, 1494, and therefore entered the world when it was still upon the threshold of the Renaissance ; Gutenberg's first book had been print ed but forty years before; the Humanists had but begun that stimulating criticism which awoke the Reformation; Erasmus, of Rotterdam, who was sub sequently to become Agricola’s friend and patron, was just completing his student days. The Refor mation itself was yet to come, but it was not long delayed, for Luther was bom the year before Agricola, and through him Agricola’s home land became the cradle of the great movement; nor did Agricola escape being drawn into the conflict. Italy, already awake with the new classical revival, was still a busy workshop of antiquarian research, translation, study, and publication, and through her the Greek and Latin Classics were only now available for wide distribution. Students from the rest of Europe, among them at a later time Agricola himself, flocked to the Italian Universities, and on their return infected their native cities with the newly- awakened learning. At Agricola’s birth Columbus had just returned from his great discovery, and it was only three years later that Vasco Da Gama rounded Cape Good Hope. Thus these two foremost explorers had only initiated that greatest period of geographical expansion in the world’s history. A few dates will recall how far this exploration extended during Agricola’s lifetime. Balboa first saw the Pacific in 1513 ; Cortes entered the City of Mexico in 1520 ; Magellan entered the Pacific in the same y e a r; Pizarro penetrated into Peru in 1528 ; De Soto landed in Florida in 1539, and Potosi was dis covered in 1546. -
An Issue Dedicated to Solutions for the Modern Mining Industry
Metso’s customer magazine » ISSUE 1/2017 Mining minds An issue dedicated to solutions for the modern mining industry More efficiency Six-fold reduction Longer wear life and with less energy in moisture content fewer liner changes 06 and water 18 at Olenegorsky GOK 28 reduce costs “Metso has gone beyond combining and re-releasing technology based on prior designs. Its solution is more efficient, lasts longer and reduces operating costs.” mining Results mining is PUBLISHED BY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF © Copyright 2017 PRINTING Metso’s customer magazine Metso Corporation Inka Törmä, Metso Corporation. Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy, showcasing our work and [email protected] All rights reserved. February 2017 Töölönlahdenkatu 2, the success of our customers. P.O. Box 1220, DESIGN AND LAYOUT Reproduction permitted ISSN SUBSCRIPTIONS FI-00101 Helsinki, Brandkind, brandkind.fi quoting “Results mining” 2343-3590 To receive your personal Finland as source. ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADDRESSES 4041 0209 copy, please contact your Printed matter tel. +358 20 484 100 Kathleen Kuosmanen All product names used Metso customer data nearest Metso office or HÄMEEN KIRJAPAINO OY www.metso.com are trademarks of their the e-mail provided. respective owners. This magazine, including all claims regarding operational performance, is intended for sharing information on successful customer cases. Metso makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either express or implied, that similar or any performance levels or improvements are achievable for all sites or for any particular site. Metso assumes no legal liability for any use of information contained in this presentation. If requested, Metso can execute a site specific survey to provide an estimate of performance or performance improvement for a specific site and operation. -
ICOMOS Advisory Process Was
Background A nomination under the title “Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří” was submitted by the States (Germany/Czechia) Parties in January 2014 for evaluation as a cultural landscape under criteria (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv). The No 1478 nomination dossier was withdrawn by the States Parties following the receipt of the interim report. At the request of the States Parties, an ICOMOS Advisory process was carried out in May-September 2016. Official name as proposed by the States Parties The previous nomination dossier consisted of a serial Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region property of 85 components. ICOMOS noticed the different approaches used by both States Parties to identify the Location components and to determine their boundaries; in some Germany (DE), Free State of Saxony; Parts of the cases, an extreme atomization of heritage assets was administrative districts of Mittelsachsen, Erzgebirgskreis, noticed. This is a new, revised nomination that takes into Meißen, Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirgeand Zwickau account the ICOMOS Advisory process recommendations. Czechia (CZ); Parts of the regions of Karlovy Vary (Karlovarskýkraj) and Ústí (Ústeckýkraj), districts of Consultations and technical evaluation mission Karlovy Vary, Teplice and Chomutov Desk reviews have been provided by ICOMOS International Scientific Committees, members and Brief description independent experts. Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří (Ore Mountains) is a mining region located in southeastern Germany (Saxony) and An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the northwestern Czechia. The area, some 95 km long and property in June 2018. 45 km wide, is rich in a variety of metals, which gave place to mining practices from the Middle Ages onwards. In Additional information received by ICOMOS relation to those activities, mining towns were established, A letter was sent to the States Parties on 17 October 2018 together with water management systems, training requesting further information about development projects academies, factories and other structures. -
Notes on Mining Leats” British Mining No.37, NMRS, Pp.19-45
BRITISH MINING No.37 BRITISH MINING No.37 MEMOIRS 1988 Bird, R.H. 1988 “Notes on Mining Leats” British Mining No.37, NMRS, pp.19-45 Published by the THE NORTHERN MINE RESEARCH SOCIETY SHEFFIELD U.K. © N.M.R.S. & The Author(s) 1988. ISSN 0309-2199 NOTES ON MINING LEATS R.H. Bird “.... the means of putting to work many mines that would otherwise remain unworked, or if worked, could not be worked with profitable results.” Absalom Francis. 1874. SYNOPSIS Watercourses supplying mining works have been in use for centuries but their complexity increased during the 19th century, particularly in mining districts which were remote from coal supplies used for steam engines but which had sufficient river systems (or streams) of a dependable nature. Their role in Britain’s mining areas is discussed, with examples from overseas locations. An attempt is made to outline their construction methods and costs. In an age when water power reigned supreme and, indeed, for some time thereafter, mills and manufacturing industries were dependant on a steady supply of water to drive that prime mover, the water wheel. Flour mills, fulling mills and the early ferrous metal industries were sited next to reliable river or stream courses and could thus utilise this water source with little difficulty. Sometimes, the configuration of the stream was inconveniently placed for the mill site and the miller was forced to construct a ditch, from a dam upstream of his mill, and by this, lead the water to his wheel. After driving the wheel, the water was returned to the stream directly or through another ditch, the tailrace. -
Plotting out Big Energy Savings Cooperative, Inc
COOPERATIVEconnection Valley FROM THE PRESIDENT & CEO Rural Electric Plotting out big energy savings Cooperative, Inc. AROUND THIS time each For instance, investing in additional year, when my cabin fever insulation has little impact on heating is at its peak, I find relief by bills if a drafty front door or inefficient turning my thoughts windows conspire against it. Spending a One of 14 electric toward spring. I think of few hours on a home energy audit — a cooperatives serving Pennsylvania and my ambitious neighbors full assessment of how your house uses New Jersey and friends who have no energy and where problems lie — will doubt already begun plot- ensure that money designated for effi- ting out this year’s veg- ciency projects is spent wisely. Valley Rural Electric etable and flower gardens. Valley offers a free online energy Cooperative, Inc. by Wayne Miller They are busy scribbling auditing tool through the co-op’s web- 10700 Fairgrounds Road President & CEO out designs for their rows site. You can perform a complete audit P.O. Box 477 and beds — making sure tailored to your specific home by visit- Huntingdon, PA 16652-0477 814/643-2650 plants will be arranged so that they have ing www.valleyrec.com. Click the Save 1-800-432-0680 room to grow and taller vegetables won’t Energy tab to get started. www.valleyrec.com shade lower-growing species. After they Those who aren’t internet-savvy can settle on a plan, they’ll get to work have a free professional energy audit BOA RD O F D IRE CT O RS preparing the soil for the seeds that will performed at their home by the energy James Stauffer hopefully yield an abundant harvest. -
Prehistory of Clay Mineralogy – from Ancient Times to Agricola
Acta Geodyn. Geomater., Vol. 6, No. 1 (153), 87–100, 2009 PREHISTORY OF CLAY MINERALOGY – FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO AGRICOLA Willi PABST * and Renata KOŘÁNOVÁ Department of Glass and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague (ICT Prague), Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] (Received November 2008, accepted February 2009) ABSTRACT The prehistory of clay mineralogy is highlighted from the beginnings in ancient Greece to the mineralogical works of Agricola, in particular his famous handbook of mineralogy, entitled De natura fossilium (1546). Starting with a few scattered hints in the works of Archaic and Classic Greek authors, including Aristotle, the first treatment of clays as a part of mineralogy is by Theophrastus. This basic tradition was further supplemented by Roman agricultural writers (Cato, Columella), Hellenistic authors (the geographer Strabo and the physicians Dioscorides and Galen), the Roman engineer- architect Vitruvius, and finally summarized in Pliny’s encyclopedia Naturalis historia, which has become the main source for later authors, including Agricola. It is shown to what extent Agricola’s work is just a great summary of this traditional knowledge and to what extent Agricola’s work must be considered as original. In particular, Agricola’s attempt to a rational, combinatorical classification of “earths” is recalled, and a plausible explanation is given for his effort to include additional information on Central European clay deposits and argillaceous raw material occurrences. However, it is shown that – in contrast to common belief – Agricola was not the first to include “earths” in a mineralogical system. This had been done almost one thousand years earlier by Isidore of Seville. -
An Exploration of Georgius Agricola's Natural Philosophy in De Re Metallica
Mining Metals, Mining Minds: An Exploration of Georgius Agricola’s Natural Philosophy in De re metallica (1556) By Hillary Taylor Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History January 31, 2021 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: William Caferro, Ph.D. Lauren R. Clay, Ph.D. Laura Stark, Ph.D. Elsa Filosa, Ph.D. Francesca Trivellato, Ph.D. For my parents, Jim and Lisa ii Acknowledgements I have benefitted from the generosity of many individuals in my odyssey to complete this dissertation. My sincerest thanks go to Professor William Caferro who showed me how to call up documents at the Archivio di Stato in Florence, taught me Italian paleography, read each chapter, and provided thoughtful feedback. It has been a blessing working closely with a scholar who is as great as he is at doing history. I have certainly learned by his example, watching as he spends his own time reading, translating, writing, and editing. I have attempted to emulate his productivity, and I know that I would not have finished the ultimate academic enterprise without his guidance. Professor Caferro pruned my prose without bruising my ego, too badly. I must also extend my warmest thanks to the other members of my committee, Professor Lauren Clay, Professor Laura Stark, Professor Elsa Filosa, and Professor Francesca Trivellato. I am also grateful to Professor Monique O’Connell, my undergraduate advisor at Wake Forest University. Monique was the first to introduce me to the historiographical complexities of Italian history and intellectual thought. -
To Persons and Authorities
INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES. N o t e .— The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc. PAGE PAGE Acosta, Joseph De ........................ 298 A r istipp u s. Aeschylus. G o ld ................................................. 9 • 14 Amber .......................................... 35 A r ist o d e m u s. Aesculapius. Money ............................................. g Love of gold ............................... 9 A r ist o t l e ......................................... X II ; 607 Africanus (alchemist) ........ XXVII ;XXVIII Amber ............................................. 35 Agatharchides. Athenian mines ............................. 27 ; 83 Cupellation ................................... 465 Burning springs............................. 583 Egyptian gold mining ...... 279 ; 391 ; 399 Coal ................................................. 34 Fire-setting................................... 118 Cupellation ..................................... 465 Agathocles. Distillation ..................................... 441 Money .......................................... 21 Lodestone........................................ 115 Agathodaemon (alchemist) .......... N itrum ............................................. 558 ....................................... X X V II; XXVIII Ores of brass ................................. 4 10 Agricola, Da n ie l .......................... 606 Quicksilver ..................................... 432 Agricola, Georg (a preacher at Silver from forest fires -
Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome Volume I
blackwell companions to the ancient world A COMPANION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND MEDICINE IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME VOLUME I EDITED BY GEORGIA L. IRBY A COMPaNION TO ScIENcE, TEcHNOLOGY, aND MEDIcINE IN ANcIENT GREEcE aND ROME BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises approximately twenty-five to forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Ian Worthington Published A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to Ancient Epic Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx Edited by Justina Gregory A Companion to the Roman Empire A Companion to Latin Literature Edited by David S. Potter Edited by Stephen Harrison A Companion to the Classical Greek World A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl Edited by Ryan K. Balot A Companion to the Ancient Near East A Companion to Ovid Edited by Daniel C. Snell Edited by Peter E. Knox A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Egbert Bakker A Companion to Late Antiquity A Companion to Hellenistic Literature Edited by Philip Rousseau Edited by Martine Cuypers and James J.