Numismatic Comments (Plate Lxix) Iii
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Treating Two 18Th Century Maps of the Danube in Association with Google-Provided Imagery
ON THE DIGITAL REVIVAL OF HISTORIC CARTOGRAPHY: TREATING TWO 18TH CENTURY MAPS OF THE DANUBE IN ASSOCIATION WITH GOOGLE-PROVIDED IMAGERY Evangelos Livieratos Angeliki Tsorlini Maria Pazarli [email protected] Chrysoula Boutoura Myron Myridis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Surveying Engineering University Campus, Box 497 GRE - 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The great navigable Danube River (known as the Istros River to the Ancient Greeks and as one of the crucial ends of the Roman Empire northern territories) is an emblematic fluvial feature of the overall European historic and cultural heritage in the large. Originating in the German Black Forest as two small rivers (Brigach and Breg) converging at the town of Donaueschingen, Danube is flowing for almost 2850 km mainly eastwards, passing through ten states (Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine) and four European capitals (Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest and Belgrade) with embouchure in the west coasts of the Black Sea via the Danube Delta, mainly in Romania. Danube played a profound role in the European political, social, economic and cultural history influencing in a multifold manner the heritage of many European nations, some of those without even a physical connection with the River, as it is the case of the Greeks, to whom the Danube is a reference to their own 18th century Enlightenment movement. Due to Danube’s important role in History, the extensive emphasis to its cartographic depiction was obviously a conditio sine qua non especially in the 17th and 18th century European cartography. In this paper, taking advantage of the modern digital technologies as applied in the recently established domain of cartographic heritage, two important and historically significant 18th century maps of the Danube are comparatively discussed in view also to the reference possibilities available today in relevant studies by the digital maps offered by powerful providers as e.g. -
Geography and Human Development a Study of Ancient Athens 2016.Pdf
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/ COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF ARTS GEOGRAPHY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF ANCIENT ATHENS BY DANIEL OCANSEY (10282852) THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MPHIL CLASSICS DEGREE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND CLASSICS JULY 2016 http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/ DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work, Geography and Human Development: A Study of Ancient Athens, is the result of my own research undertaken under supervision except for references made to other people’s work, which has been duly referenced and acknowledged. Also, this work has neither in part nor in whole been presented for another degree elsewhere. I thereby bear sole and full responsibility for any shortcomings of this research work. ............................................... Date: ………………... DANIEL OCANSEY (CANDIDATE) We hereby certify that this was supervised in accordance with the procedures laid down by the University of Ghana. ................................................ Date: …………… PROF. RICHARD V. CUDJOE (PRINCIPAL SUPERVISOR) ..................................................... Date: ……………... PROF. EMMANUEL KOFI ACKAH (CO-SUPERVISOR) i http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/ ABSTRACT Two main, often conflicting, approaches or theories have been provided to understand or explain human-geography relationships, namely, geographic determinism and geographic possibilism. Scholars who hold geographic deterministic views argue that geographic conditions, to a larger extent, determine human culture and development. On the other hand, the possibilists argue that humans have the capacity to arise above the dictates of the geographical environment to modify and adapt to geographic conditions for their development. Contextually, the Balkan peninsular, since classical antiquity, has been considered by scholars as a major determinant of Greek, admirable human achievements and development. -
Ancient Greece Geography Slide1
Ancient Greece Learning objective: To find out about the physical geography of Greece. www.planbee.com NEXT If you had to describe to someone where Greece was, what would you say? Think, pair, share your ideas. BACK www.planbee.com NEXT How would you describe where it is now? BACK www.planbee.com NEXT How much do you know about the geography of modern Greece? Can you answer any of these questions? What is the landscape like? How big is Greece? What rivers are there? What is the climate like? Which seas surround it? BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Greece is a country in southern Europe. It is bordered by Turkey, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania. It is made up of mainland Greece and lots of smaller islands. There are around 2000 islands altogether, although only 227 of these are inhabited. BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Greece has an area of around 131,940 square kilometres. This is the same as 50,502 square miles. The largest Greek island is Crete with an area of 8260 square kilometres (3190 square miles). Greece has the twelfth longest coastline in the world and the longest overall in Europe. The total length of the Greek coastline is 13,676 km (8498 miles). BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Greece is one of the most mountainous countries in Europe. Around 60% of Greece is covered by mountains. The tallest mountain in Greece is Mount Olympus, which is 2915 metres high. The largest mountain range in Greece is the Pindus range, which forms the backbone of mainland Greece. -
Lesson 1: the Geography of Greece
Name Date Lesson 1 Summary Use with pages 246–251. Lesson 1: The Geography of Greece Vocabulary agora an outdoor marketplace in ancient Greece plunder goods taken during war A Mountainous Land Independent Communities Many ancient civilizations formed near rivers. Geography affected how life in Greece The rivers would overflow in the spring and developed. Uniting the country under one make the soil good for farming. Greece did government was difficult. Ancient Greeks not depend on a river. Greece is a rugged, did share the same language and religion. mountainous land with no great rivers. It does Mountains divided Greece into different not have much good farmland. Greece is regions and kept people apart. Therefore, located in the southeastern corner of Europe. It many independent cities sprang up. Each city is on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula. did things its own way. The climate of Greece Greek-speaking people also lived on islands in is pleasant, and the Greeks had an outdoor the Aegean Sea. The sea separates Greece from way of life. The agora, or outdoor the western edge of Asia. marketplace, was common in cities. The Greeks watched plays in outdoor theaters. A Land Tied to the Sea Political meetings, religious celebrations, Greece is surrounded by the sea on three sides. and sports contests also were held outdoors. The Aegean Sea is to the east. The Ionian Sea is to the west. This sea separates Greece from Two Early Greek Civilizations Italy. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south. It The Minoan civilization was on the island of links Greece with Asia, North Africa, and the Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea. -
Roman Britain in the Third Century AD
Roman Britain in the third century AD Despite Claudius’s invasion of Britain in AD 43, the population was still largely British with the local administrative capital at Venta Belgarum - now Winchester. By the 3rd century there was political unrest across the Roman Empire, with a rapid succession of rulers and usurpers. Some were in power for only a few months before being killed by rivals or during wars, or dying from disease. The situation became even more unstable in AD 260 when Postumus, who was Governor of Lower Germany, rebelled against the central rule of Rome and set up the breakaway Gallic Empire. For the next 14 years the Central and Gallic Empires were ruled separately and issued their own coinage. Despite the turmoil in the Empire as a whole, Britain appears to have experienced a period of peace and prosperity. More villas were built, for example, and there is little evidence of the barbarian raids that ravaged other parts of the Empire. Map showing the Gallic and Central Empires, courtesy of Merritt Cartographic 1 The Boldre Hoard The Boldre Hoard contains 1,608 coins, dating from AD 249 to 276 and issued by 12 different emperors. The coins are all radiates, so-called because of the radiate crown worn by the emperors they depict. Although silver, the coins contain so little of that metal (sometimes only 1%) that they appear bronze. Many of the coins in the Boldre Hoard are extremely common, but some unusual examples are also present. There are three coins of Marius, for example, which are scarce in Britain as he ruled the Gallic Empire for just 12 weeks in AD 269. -
Euboea and Athens
Euboea and Athens Proceedings of a Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace Athens 26-27 June 2009 2011 Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece Publications de l’Institut canadien en Grèce No. 6 © The Canadian Institute in Greece / L’Institut canadien en Grèce 2011 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Euboea and Athens Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace (2009 : Athens, Greece) Euboea and Athens : proceedings of a colloquium in memory of Malcolm B. Wallace : Athens 26-27 June 2009 / David W. Rupp and Jonathan E. Tomlinson, editors. (Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece = Publications de l'Institut canadien en Grèce ; no. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-9737979-1-6 1. Euboea Island (Greece)--Antiquities. 2. Euboea Island (Greece)--Civilization. 3. Euboea Island (Greece)--History. 4. Athens (Greece)--Antiquities. 5. Athens (Greece)--Civilization. 6. Athens (Greece)--History. I. Wallace, Malcolm B. (Malcolm Barton), 1942-2008 II. Rupp, David W. (David William), 1944- III. Tomlinson, Jonathan E. (Jonathan Edward), 1967- IV. Canadian Institute in Greece V. Title. VI. Series: Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece ; no. 6. DF261.E9E93 2011 938 C2011-903495-6 The Canadian Institute in Greece Dionysiou Aiginitou 7 GR-115 28 Athens, Greece www.cig-icg.gr THOMAS G. PALAIMA Euboea, Athens, Thebes and Kadmos: The Implications of the Linear B References 1 The Linear B documents contain a good number of references to Thebes, and theories about the status of Thebes among Mycenaean centers have been prominent in Mycenological scholarship over the last twenty years.2 Assumptions about the hegemony of Thebes in the Mycenaean palatial period, whether just in central Greece or over a still wider area, are used as the starting point for interpreting references to: a) Athens: There is only one reference to Athens on a possibly early tablet (Knossos V 52) as a toponym a-ta-na = Ἀθήνη in the singular, as in Hom. -
Collector's Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage
Liberty Coin Service Collector’s Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage (49 BC - AD 518) The Twelve Caesars - The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians (49 BC - AD 96) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Julius Caesar (49-44 BC) Augustus (31 BC-AD 14) Tiberius (AD 14 - AD 37) Caligula (AD 37 - AD 41) Claudius (AD 41 - AD 54) Tiberius Nero (AD 54 - AD 68) Galba (AD 68 - AD 69) Otho (AD 69) Nero Vitellius (AD 69) Vespasian (AD 69 - AD 79) Otho Titus (AD 79 - AD 81) Domitian (AD 81 - AD 96) The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96 - AD 192) Nerva (AD 96-AD 98) Trajan (AD 98-AD 117) Hadrian (AD 117 - AD 138) Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - AD 161) Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 - AD 180) Hadrian Lucius Verus (AD 161 - AD 169) Commodus (AD 177 - AD 192) Marcus Aurelius Years of Transition (AD 193 - AD 195) Pertinax (AD 193) Didius Julianus (AD 193) Pescennius Niger (AD 193) Clodius Albinus (AD 193- AD 195) The Severans (AD 193 - AD 235) Clodius Albinus Septimus Severus (AD 193 - AD 211) Caracalla (AD 198 - AD 217) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Geta (AD 209 - AD 212) Macrinus (AD 217 - AD 218) Diadumedian as Caesar (AD 217 - AD 218) Elagabalus (AD 218 - AD 222) Severus Alexander (AD 222 - AD 235) Severus The Military Emperors (AD 235 - AD 284) Alexander Maximinus (AD 235 - AD 238) Maximus Caesar (AD 235 - AD 238) Balbinus (AD 238) Maximinus Pupienus (AD 238) Gordian I (AD 238) Gordian II (AD 238) Gordian III (AD 238 - AD 244) Philip I (AD 244 - AD 249) Philip II (AD 247 - AD 249) Gordian III Trajan Decius (AD 249 - AD 251) Herennius Etruscus -
"Shoot the Teacher!": Education and the Roots of the Macedonian Struggle
"SHOOT THE TEACHER!" EDUCATION AND THE ROOTS OF THE MACEDONIAN STRUGGLE Julian Allan Brooks Bachelor of Arts, University of Victoria, 1992 Bachelor of Education, University of British Columbia, 200 1 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of History O Julian Allan Brooks 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Julian Allan Brooks Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: "Shoot the Teacher!" Education and the Roots of the Macedonian Struggle Examining Committee: Chair: Professor Mark Leier Professor of History Professor AndrC Gerolymatos Senior Supervisor Professor of History Professor Nadine Roth Supervisor Assistant Professor of History Professor John Iatrides External Examiner Professor of International Relations Southern Connecticut State University Date Approved: DECLARATION OF PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection, and, without changing the content, to translate the thesislproject or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. -
93323765-Mack-Ridge-Language-And
Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976 This page intentionally left blank Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976 PETER MACKRIDGE 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Peter Mackridge 2009 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mackridge, Peter. -
Coins of Gerizim
Copyright for personal use only of Larry Rynearson 2014 Coins of Gerizim Hadrian (Latin: Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus 24 January, 76 AD – 10 July, 138 AD) was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian Left: 250 ---Hadrian. 117-138. Æ23.5. Laur bust right/Zeus seated left, nude in Tetra-style temple, 101=119/120 [The location to my knowledge of this temple shown here is unidentified, it could possibly be that of Gerizim but most likely minted at a different location] Right: Jewish Medalian Æ medallion; 48 mm; 56.3 gr.; Obv.: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Antoninus Pius to r.; Greek legend upwards from bottom left: [ANTω]NINOC CEBAC EYCE AY[TOK KA]I(C)AP Rev.: Mount Gerizim is represented as two mountain peaks, separated by a sloping roadway. A steep, broad stairway leads up between houses to a temple seen in three-quarters perspective. Below is a colonnade with eleven pillars and two arches over the columns. The entrance leads to a square with a horned altar. A path leads to the right from the center of the road to a higher hill with a second horned altar. Greek legend from bottom left upwards: ΦΔ NEACΠOΔEωC CYPIAC ΠAΔAICTINE[C] ET ΠH (“Fl[avia] Neapolis [which is in] Syria-Palestine, year 88 [160 CE]”) 1 See http://www.archaeological-center.com/en/monographs/m21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Antoninus Pius (Latin: Titus Fulvius Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius; born 19 September, 86 AD – died 7 March, 161 AD), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138 to 161. -
Geography and Early Greek Civilization
Geography and Early Greek Civilization SWBAT: -Identify and explain the geographical advantages and disadvantages of Greece. -Compare and contrast Greek geography to the geography of Ancient River Valley Civilizations. Greece is mountainous. Greece is a mountainous peninsula with islands. The Geography of Greece • Ancient Greece consisted of a large mountainous peninsula and islands in the Aegean Sea. • Its hilly terrain made farming difficult • Its location encouraged trade. Mountains separated Greek cities. The Effects of Mountains Greece’s mountainous terrain separated the ancient Greek cities. As such, the ancient Greeks never developed a unified system of government. The ancient Greeks developed the polis or the city-state. The Greeks lived in separate city-states. The Polis • Polis was the Greek word for “city-state”. • A polis was an independent city and its surrounding farmland. • Every polis had its own government and laws but the Greeks shared a common language and religion. The ancient Greeks farmed but it was difficult. Hills are not suited for farming. However, there is always the sea. Even today, the Greeks have access to the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. The Seas • Greece is a peninsula and islands. • Seas surround parts of Greece. • The Seas allowed the Greeks to travel and trade. • Trade encouraged cultural diffusion. Trade and Cultural Diffusion • The seas allowed the Greeks to depend heavily on trade. • Trade encouraged cultural diffusion. • The Greeks were exposed to the Phoenician alphabet and Egyptian geometry. Questions for Reflection: • Why was it difficult to farm in ancient Greece? • Why did the Greeks depend heavily on trade? • List two geographic features and their effects on the Greeks. -
Geography and Early Greek Civilization
Geography and Early Greek Civilization Do Now How does geography influence how you interact with your neighbors? Learning Targets and Intentions of the Lesson I Want Students to: 1. KNOW the differences and similarities of the Geography of Greece to River Valley Civilizations. 2. UNDERSTAND and explain the how Greece’s geography influences their interaction in the region. 3. Complete a chart comparing the characteristics of Minoan and Mycenaean culture (Skill) Greece is mountainous Greece is a Mountainous Peninsula with Islands. The Geography of Greece • Ancient Greece consisted of a large mountainous peninsula and islands in the Aegean Sea. • Its hilly terrain made farming difficult • Its location encouraged trade. Mountains separated Greek cities The Effects of Mountains Greece’s mountainous terrain separated the ancient Greek cities. As such, the ancient Greeks never developed a unified system of government. The ancient Greeks developed the polis or the city-state. The Greeks lived in Separate City- States. The Polis • Polis was the Greek word for “city-state”. • A polis was an independent city and its surrounding farmland. • Every polis had its own government and laws but the Greeks shared a common language and religion. The ancient Greeks farmed but it was difficult. Hills are not suited for farming. However, there is always the sea. Even today, the Greeks have access to the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. The Seas • Greece is a peninsula and islands. • Seas surround parts of Greece. • The Seas allowed the Greeks to travel and trade. • Trade encouraged cultural diffusion. Trade and Cultural Diffusion • The seas allowed the Greeks to depend heavily on trade.