KHAWAJA MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ALIAS PIR BARO’S LIFE, RELIGIOUS SERVICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE REGION

Researcher: FIAZ ALI FAIZI

Supervisor: DR. MUHAMMAD KHURSHID

(M.Phil. Pakistan Studies)

Roll No:12 Session: 2015-2017

DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN STUDIES THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Serial. No. Detail of contents Page No

1 Introduction 1-4

Introduction of Hazrat Khawajah Muhammad Abdullah Chapter 1 Alias Pir Baro(R.A) and Historical Background of 5-14

District Layyah

1.1 Introduction of Pir Baro(R.A) 5 6 1.2 Historical Background Of District Layyah

Chapter 2 The Life of Pir Baro(R.A.) 15-54 2.1 The Life of Pir Baro (R.A.) 15 2.2 Khilafat and Permission of Propagation of Tareeqa-e- 19 Naqshbandia 2.3 Journey of Pir Baro’s sainthood of Naqshbandia Mujaddadia 21 Order 2.4 Access of Sufiorder of Naqshabndiya Mujadadiya to Dera 31 Ismail Kahn 2.5 Sufi order of Naqshbandia 40 2.6 Sufi order of Qarderiah 42 2.7 Sufi order of Suharwardia 43 2.8 Sufi order of Chashtia 45 2.9 The daily routine of Pir Baro (R.A.) 46 2.10 Disposition and character of Pir Baro (R.A.) 47 2.11 The death of Pir Baro (R.A.) 53 2.12 Last will of Pir Baro (R.A.) 53 2.13 Hazrat Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad 54 2.14 Hazrat Khawajah Muhammad Hassan 54

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Chapter 3 Religious services of Pir Baro(R.A.) 55-71

3.1 Pir Biro’s Religious Services 55 3.2 Types of mentors 58 3.3 Muarfat-e-Nafs (Psycho) 58 3.4 The grabbers of the world of behest and world of 59 creation.(Aalam-e-Amer And Aalam-e-Khalaq) 3.5 The recital of “ Allah” 60 3.6 Religious services for the rectification of religious beliefs 61 3.7 The establishment of the maddarsa Durbar Baro Sharief 70 3.8 Establishment of library 71 3.9 Establishment of other maddaras and Pir Baro (R.A.) 71

Chapter 4 The miracles and revelation 72-85

4.1 The miracles 72 4.2 The revelation 77 4.3 Interpretation of the dreams 84

Impact and effects of Pir Baro’s religious services on Chapter 5 86-106 region 5.1 The role of services of Pir Baro( R.A.) in the reforms of the 86 society 5.2 Education 88 5.3 Family tree of Pir Baro( R.A.) and his successors 98 5.4 Hazrat Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad (R.A) 99 5.5 The Anjman Hassania Barviah Lahore 100 5.6 The magazine Alfaqeer 101 5.7 The construction of the Mosque Durbar Baro Shrief 102 5.8 Services of Pir Baro (R.A.) and celebration of Eid milad-ul- 103 Nabi (S.A.W.) 5.9 Impact of preaching about beard according s of Islam 104 5.10 Teachings of Islam 105 5.11 Life according to teachings of Islam 106

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6 Conclusion 107-109

7 Appendix 110-116

Appendix 1 Map of province Kot Karor During Langah region 110

Appendix 2 Map of Layyah Division during British Reign 111

Appendix 3 Map of District Layyah 112

113 Appendix 4 Mosque at Durbar of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A) Appendix 5 Library at Durbar Pir Baro Sharif (R.A.) 113

Appendix 6 Madarsa at durbar Baro (R.A.) 114

Appendix 7 Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad (R.A.) 115

Appendix 8 Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad (R.A.) and Muhammad Hassan 116

8 Bibliography 117-119

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ABSTRACT

Hazrat Khawajah Muhammad Abdullah Alias Pir Baro (R.A) (1849-1979) was the most influential personality of the district Layyah .He was the great saint of the Thule region and he preached the teachings of Islam more than a century. He trained his devotees, followers and dependents according to the Sunnah and teachings of Islam. His services are very great for this region and had vast impact on the people of Thule. He worked to wipe out the innovations and the evil rites from the society. He adorned his devotees with the spiritual education and set up institutions for the religious education. He also served the region in the field of politics. About the personality and the services of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A) had written very little in the shape of “Fuzeat-e- Hassaniah” by Ahmad Hassan “Fuzeat-e-Barvia” by Hazrat Khawajah Muhammad Hassan Bari. Some Special numbers of Nawa-e- Thule and Alfaqeer, the quarterly magazine Lahore highlighted the life and services of Pir Bar (R.A.), but more efforts are needed in this regard. This research study aims at to bring the concealed aspect of his life to light and to introduce to the religious services of Pir Baro (R.A.).It also aims at to show the impacts of the services on the region. To fulfill these requirements, in this research I will try to state introduction of the famous saint of the area named Pir Baro (R.A.) and historical background of the area of Thule with reference to religious conditions and services of saints. According to the need of research topic, the various aspects of life of Pir Baro (R.A.) along with history of Naqshbandia Sufi order will be stated briefly. I will also describe religious service, miracles and methods of preaching of Pir Baro (R.A.)in this research. I will try to search out the impacts of his spiritual and social services as a whole on the society.

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1`Introduction Hazrat Khawajah Muhammad Abdullah Alias Pir Baro (R.A.here after Pir Baro R.A.) was the high-flying saint of district Layyah. He was born in 1849 and died in 19791. He was the enthusiast of the eminent saint of Thule Hazrat Khawajah Ghulam Hassan Swag (R.A.) and bestowed with Khilafat by him. Pir Baro (R.A.) preached the teachings of Islam in the area of Thule for more than a century. Pir Baro (R.A.) was the Sufi of Silslah Naqshbandia. He trained devotees, pupils and the saints who have scattered all over the world. They are working for the preaching of Divine message and Sunnah. Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) put great stress on promptness of prayers and recitation of the holy Quran. He advised his cronies to speak the truth and legitimate their earning. A large number of non-believers accepted Islam in the result of his preaching. Muhammad Younis and his daughter Soria Begum from Kot Sultan were among those lucky persons who accepted Islam at the hand of this great saint2. Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) rectified the attitudes and beliefs of the people and wiped out the innovations and un-Islamic burials from this region. In this region, Muslims of Thule had adopted various customs and rites of Hinduism due to Hindus financial superiority. One of these evils was the tree worshipping. Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) worked hard to wipe out this evil from the Muslim society3. After him, his successor Hazrat Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad (R.A.) performed this duty successfully. Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) established religious institution in Chak No.300/TDA tehsil Choubarh and helped the people to set up new institutions for religious education. He contradicted the heretic sect and the Whabia. He tried his best to promote the Sufi order of Naqsbandia along with other three Silasals of mysticism in the region. His teachings and services affected the people of the region at a large scale. Thousands of people mended their ways of life and became noble persons of the society. After his death Hazrat Khawajah Fqeer Muhammad Barvi promoted this mission productively. He continued the preaching of Islam, 84 Hindus accepted Islam due to his preaching. They are inhabitants of Chak No 590/TDA Chowk Sarwar Shaheed, Muzaffer Garh.

1 Noor Muhammad Thind, Aolia-e-Layyah, Lok Punjab Publishers, Layyah, 2004, 89. 2 Interview; Master Muhammad Zaffaullah Kot Sultan, December 16, 2016. 3 Muhammad Hassan Barvi,Fauzat-e-Barvia,Zia ul Quran publication,Lahore,2011,55. 1

Hazrat Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad (R.A.) set up a countrywide network of the religious educational centers. Anjman -e- Hassania Lahore was established on his advice. It has published a quarterly magazine “Alfqeer”. This magazine provided very useful information about preaching and teachings of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A). Statement of the Problem A person who works for the welfare of the humanity only for the bliss of God called Saint. Islam spread in subcontinent due to struggles of saints like Sheikh Ahmad Surhundi (R.A.), Nizamuddin Auliya (R.A.), Bahauddin Zakariya (R.A.) and Ghulam Hassan Swag (R.A.). Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) is one of those personalities whose life, services and miracles are eternal for religious security of Muslims in this region. These Services had optimistic impacts on social, cultural, political and religious aspects of life in the Thule region. In this research, I will try to search out social, cultural, political and religious services of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) and their impacts on the region. Objectives of the Research The followings are the objectives of this research: 1-To highlight the Personality of Hazrat Pir Baro (R. A) 2-To highlight the services of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A) 3-To highlight the services in preaching true Islamic way of life 4- To highlight the impact of his services on the region 5- To highlight his services for religious education 6-To find out the effects of his teachings on the life of the people Significance of study New generation is going away far from Islamic values due to western media incursion. They are pleading Un-Islamic rites and customs lavishly. It is the need of time to restraint this flood of tribulations. This research will prove a useful start for this purpose. The life and services of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) are presented as role model. I hope, it will be useful for changing the attitudes of the new generation. It will also create the love for the teachings of Islam in the hearts of new generation. Research Organization This study comprises of five chapters and a short description of conclusion this study. In the first chapter is a brief introduction of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) and historical background of district Layyah. The brief historical background of district Layyah will

2 discuss in this chapter. second chapter is about the life, education and character traits of Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A).In this chapter the Naqshbandia Sisla from Hazrat Baqi Billah (R.A.) to Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) will be discussed. The third chapter is about the religious services of Khawajah Pir Baro (R.A.). In this chapter, the services of Khawajah Pir Baro (R.A.) will be discussed. The Fourth chapter is about the miracles and revelations of Pir Baro (R.A.). The fifth chapter comprises of the impacts of the services of Hazrat Khawajah Pir Baro (R.A.) on the region of Thule. The impact on life of the people, in the field of education, preaching of Islam and on the rectification of the society has been discussed. Research Methodology This research mainly based on the library research. It includes primary and secondary sources. The newspapers and magazines will be as primary sources. The books are the secondary sources .In this regard the library of Durbar Pir Swag and Durbar Pir Baro will be consulted. Interviews are necessary to collect the data. The interviews will be conducted for getting information about the life and services of Pir Baro (R.A.). Literature Review The review of the literature provides the opinions; analysis and references related to the different aspects of the research topic .For the purpose of this topic the various books will consult and reviewed. The book “Fauziat-e-Barvia” 4Witten by Muhammad Hassan Barvi provides the information about Hazrat Muhammad Abdullah Alias Pir Baro (R.A.) in detail from birth to death. It also provides the information about his character and personality. The book “Fauziat-e-Hassania”5 by Ahmad Hassan, gives the information about Hazrat Khawajah Ghulam Hassan (R.A). The book “Tariekh-e-Layyah”6written by Noor Muhammad Thind provides the information about history of Layyah. “Encyclopedia of Layyah” 7written by Khuda Buksh Nassir, gives the information about Layyah Comprehensively. The research article of Dr. Muhammad Khurshid, “Kot Karor: Ilm-o-Irfan ka Kadeem Ghewra”8gives the accurate information about the history of Kot Karor.

4 Muhammad Hassan Barvi, Faziat-e-Barviah, Zia-ul-publications, Lahore, 2011. 5 Ahmad Hassan, Fauziat-e-Hassania, Darbar Pir Sewag, Karor, 1996. 6 Noor Muhammad Thind, Tariekh-e-Layyah, Lok Publisher, Layyah, 1995. 7 Khuda Bakhsh Nasir, Encyclopedia of Layyah, Umar Publisher, Layyah, 2002. 3

The other book of Noor Muhammad Thind, “Oliya-e-Layyah”9provides the useful information about Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A). The book “Tohfa Naqshbandia10” by Muhammad Suleman Bughdadi gives the valuable knowledge about the history of Naqshband. The book “Tarreekh-o-Tazqra Khanqah Sarhand sharief”11 written by Muhammad Nazeer Ranjha provides a lot of knowledge about Hazrat Mujjaddid Alf-e-Sani (R.A.) and other saints of Naqshband. “Baqiat-e-BAqi”12 written by Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Khan provides the information about Hazrat Baqi Billah and his Successors. The book “Serat-e-Mujaddid Alf-e- Sani” 13by Dr. Masood Ahmad provides the valuable information related to Hazrat Mujaddid Alf-e-Sani. The book “Tazkira mushaikh-e-Naqshband14”written byNoor Bux provides the useful information about the saints of Naqshband. The book “Maqmat-e-Mazhri”15 by Hazrat Shah Ghulam Ali Dehlvi, gives a lot of information about the saints of Naqshbandi. The book of Maulana Muhammad Sharif Hazravi, “Tehqeeq -ul-Haq –Ul-Mubeen”16 provides the information Naqshbandi Saints. The book of Siraj Ahmad “Tazkra Khanqah Sirajia, Mosa Zai Sharief”17 gives information about Khanqah Sirajia. The book “Thule ki RasoomNazriat18” by Mufti Wazeer Ahmad, provides very useful information about the rites of the Thal Region.

8 Dr.Muhammad Khurshid, Kot Karor, ILm-o-Irfan Ka Kadeem Ghewara, Mujjala-e-Tehqeeq, PU. Lahore. 9 Noor Muhammad Thind,Oliya-e-Layyah,Lok publisher,Layyah,2004. 10 MuhammadSuleman Bughadadi,Thofa Naqshbandia,Darul Ikhlas,Lahore,2010. 11 Muhammad Nazeer Ranjha.Tareekh-o-Tazkira Khanqah Sarhand Shrief, Ishtiq Ahmad Mushtaq Press, Lahore, 2011. 12 Dr Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Baqiat-e-Baqi,Gaba Educational Books,Karachi,1999. 13 Dr Masood Ahmad, Serat-e-Mujaddid Alf-e-Sani, ImamRabani Foundation, Karachi, 2005. 14 Noor Bux, Tazkera Mushaikh-e-Naqshband, Mushtaq Books Corner, Lahore, 2004. 15 Hazrat Shah Ghulam Ali Dehlvi, Maqamat-e- Mazhari, Progressive Book,Lahore,2015. 16 Maolana Muhammad Sharief Hazarvi, Tehqeeq -ul-Haq-ul- Mubeen, Maktab mujiddadia, Hayder Abad, 2004. 17 Siraj Ahmad,Tazkra Khanqah Sirajia Mosa Zai,Khanqah SIrajia,2004. 18 Mufti Wazeer Ahmad, Thal Ki Rasooat Aur Nazriat, Wazuha publications, Lahore, 2015. 4

6-Conclusion History of district Layyah with reference to various religious movements, their vicissitudes and affects on the lives of the people of this area are concluded in this research. It is concluded in this research that Khawajah Pir Baro (R.A.) was among the most respected religious leading personalities of district Layyah. Life of Ghulam Hassan Swag (R.A.) also discussed as the most prominent saint of Thule and spiritual guide of Pir Baro (R.A.). It is also concluded that Pir Baro (R.A.) was the model of courtesy and humility.In this research various aspects of Pir Baro’s (R.A.) life like simplicity, Piety, Kindness, legitimacy and love for human beings are presented. It also concluded that Pir Baro (R.A.) had great reverence for the legality (Shariah) of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.). He paid great attention to the purification of the soul and the praiseworthy qualities of his devotees and his dependents. It is concluded that Pir Baro (R.A.) spent whole of his life for the implimentation of Sunnah of Holy prophet (S.A.W.) through practice and stressed on the oneness of God through speechs. It is concluded in this research that Pir Baro (R.A.) had great love and affection for the companions of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.) and Al-e-Bait. He contradicted the Shiah sect for their enmity for the companions of the Holy prophet (S.A.W.).According to him companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) are esteem able. Family background of Pir Baro (R.A.) is searched that he was born in 1849, in the family of Jutta. His father Malik Allah Ditta was a very pious man. He used to graze the sheep and goats for his livelihood. He tried to lend a hand in his father’s work. It is also concluded that Pir Baro (R.A.) travelled to various cities and religious institutions for religious education. After the completion of the zhari Aloom, he went to Khawajah Ghulam Hassan Swag (R.A.) for his spiritual saturation. Here he got the spiritual education and traversed different stages of manners under spiritual guidance of Khawajah Ghulam Hassan Swag (R.A.). He took the oath of allegiance on the hands of azrat Ghulam Hassan Swag (R.A). He stayed at the residence of his mentor for a long period and benefited from association of the spiritual guide. He got a specific status at the mansion of Swag Sherief, Hazrat Ghulam Hassan Swag

107 bestowed him with Khilafat, and permission of propagation of the Naqshbandia.The history of Sufi order Naqshbandia in subcontinent is also stated. It is concluded that Hazrat Khawajah Muhammad Baqi Billah whose real name was Raziuddin and his khalifa Hazrat Shiekh Ahmad Sarhandi (Mujaddid Alf-e-Sani) introduced Naqshbandia order in Sub-continent. It is also concluded that ancestors of Hazrat Mujaddid Alf-e-Sani (R.A.) came to India from Afghistan. Shahab-ud-Din Ali Alias Furkh Shah was among the knights of the kings of Kabul who was one of his ancestors settled at Sarhand before the fifteen generations. Shiekh Abdul Ahhad, the father of Hazrat Mujaddid Alf-e-Sani was inclined to spiritual knowledge. He got the access to Hazrat Abdul Qaddus Gangohi (R.A.) and became the disciple of Hazrat Shiekh Rukn-ud-Din. Hazrat Mujaddid Alf- e- SAni (R.A.) was born on 14 Shawal, 971 A.H. on the night of Friday. He got his early education from a Maktab where he learnt the Holy Quran by heart in a very short time.He got the Zhari Uloom from his father. After learning the books of Maqalat from Hazrat Maulana Abul Hakeem Sial Koti at Sial Kot, he learnt the Hadees-e- Nabavi (S.A.W.) from Maulana Muhammad Yaqoob Kashmiri. Hazrat Mujaddid Alf-e-Sani (R.A.) took the oath of allegiance on the hands of Hazrat Baqi Billah (R.A.). Hazrat Pir Baro (R.A.) was a man of average height. His complexion was nut brown and the face had a solemness on it. He had the white beard, hawk nose and the lips were delicate like a flower. It is also concluded that Pir Bao (R.A.) had dignified, attractive and soft way of conversation. He used to talk briefly, and comprehensively. His Conversation would remove all the doubts suspicious from the minds of the audience. In his talk, he would describe the affection and love for his mentor. azrat Pir Baro (R.A.) was very hospitable. He would take the guests as the source of the blessings Allah Almighty. He would also dine with the guests according to the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.).He would not allow any body to go without eating the meal. He behaved the Ulema the Sadaat with great civility and respect and assisted them with money. Pir Baro (R.A.) was contented and tolerant to such extent that he had never expressed any worry during the serious illness and sufferings. He never said a word of complaint to Allah Almighty. He spent eighty years in poverty but he neither begged nor complained to his mentor. He was the model of courtesy and humility His nature was inclined to obscurity. He had great trust in Allah Almighty. 108

It is also concluded that Pir Baro (R.A.) preached the teachings of Islam and worked for the purification of the beliefs. He stressed on his followers and devotees to offer the prayers five times a day. He used to say that the prayer is key to paradise. He spent all his life in preaching of Islam. Thousands of the people took the oath of allegiance where he went for preaching and they gave up the life of sins and became the true Muslims. A great number of non-Muslims embraced Islam in the result of his preaching. It is conluded that people of Thule followed the Hindus due to ignorance and they thought that there were the settlements of the genie on the old trees of “Peepal” and “Karee.”The people would go to make their pledge there. Pir Baro (R.A.) tried to wipe out the rites from the society. Under the supervision of Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad Barvi (R.A.), followers cut all the trees without any panic. Pir Baro (R.A.) established the maddarsa at Durbar Baro shrief for the religious education and helped the other people to set up the religious institutions. After him, Hazrat Khawajah Faqeer Muhammad Barvi set up a network of the religious Institutes. These institutes are doing a magnificent work in the field of education. The services of Pir Baro (R.A.) had great impact on the people of Thal Region. The followers and the devotees of Pir Baro (R.A.) follow the Sunnah strictly. They have the beard according to the Sunnah. They wear the turban on their heads. They say their prayers regularly. The people try to avoid the backbiting, enmity, rigid attitude, envoy and abusing. The people are giving up the music and dancing on the marriage functions. It is concluded that Pir Baro is not name of a person but a religion revival movement of 20th century.We can see Religious and social affects of Barviah movement particularly in the area of Thule, generaly in whole Pakistan, and overseas.

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