2311 6. t
. \ L' TcI. No. 0542-2368024 e.mall : nsi_bhu1910@yahoo,co.in
HUMilSMATlC SOOETY OF INDIA (Estd. 1910) BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASS-221 005, INDIA-
PROF. PARAS NATH SINGH PROF. JAI PRAKASH pINGH PROF. MOHD. HASBEM CHAIRMAN GENERAL SECRETARY TREASURER
CENTEfSSARY YEAR
1 ^^-CIRCULAR 95th ANNUAL CONFERENCE AT VISVA-BHARATI,SANTINBKETAN (WEST BENGAL) 30^'' NOVEMBER- 2"^ DECEMBER, 2012
Dear Sir/Madam, We have pleasure in informing you that the 95'" Annual Conference of the Numismatic Society of India will be held at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal) from 30'" November to 2"'^ December, 2012. The session wili be presided over by Prof. Ashvini Agrawai, an eminent numismatist, Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh. We Invite you to attend and participate in the academic session of the 95th Annual Conference of the Society and make it a success. We request you to contribute a paper on any subject of Numismatics of your area of study and reseatch and send ii lo us by i6cii Ni»v«irnber, 2ui2 along wllh a copy oi the ■suniinaiy' indicating your line of thinking and contribution, and also enclose a computer print and C.D. copies of your paper. Prof. Bikash Mukherjee, Chairman, BOS & Head, Department of Ancient Indian History & Archaeology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan will be the Local Secretary. He will send you details .of the conference and arrangement about your stay at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal). You may correspond with him for any further information required. Also make it knov/n to him well in advance, if you intend to exhibit coins, medals, seals, etc. in the conference and book your space for the same. Persons interested in advertisement in the Souvenir may also contact him. it has also been decided to hold a Seminar on Coinage of West Bengal on this occasion. You are also requested to write a paper for the Seminar and inform us about the topic you Intend to write. Annual members of the Society are requested to send their membership fee through D.D. if the same has not already been paid to the Treasurer of the Numismatic Society of India, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Kindly do not hesitate to write to us regarding any queries or help in respect of your membership and attendance at the session. We wili also be glad to receive your suggestions if any. Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you at Santiniketan (West Bengal). With regards,
I^OF. I^HD^ NASEEM End, Railway Concession Joint Secretary CERTIFICATE FORM FOR CONCESSION/ ALL INDIA BODIES OF CULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL IMPORTANCE It is certified that Shri/Shrimati/Km ^ p^^son travelling the NumismaticV Society•. of India to^0 be Santiniketan held at Santiniketan (West Bengal) (Vi/est Bengal) to attenedfrom the 95thNovember-2'"' Annual ConferenceDecember of 2012 and IS entitled for the concession of return in any class available for one month as indicated below. It is also certified that the total emoluments/earnings drawn by Sri/Shrimati/Km on date does not exceed Rs. 5000/= (Rupees Five Thousand) per month.
Class Nature of Concession First class return tickets/second (Revised • At 15% concession in 1st class fares nomenclature 0 third class from 1.4.1974 * Payment of single journey Mail fares for this return tickets.) class of travels. 1. He/She is a servant of the Central/State Govt./Local Body or a Statutory Authority or a Corporation or a Govt. Undertaking or a University. 2. He/she is not a servant of the Central/State Govt./Local Body or a Statutory Authority or a Corporation or a Govt. Undertaking or a University. 3. His/Her travelling expenses will not be borne by the Central/State Govt./Looai Body or Statutory Authority or a Corporation or a Govt. Undertaking or a University. Place ; Varanasi Date : Septembe^ 2012
Office Stamp of the Association Prof. Mohd. Naseem jConference/ institution Joint Secretary The Numismatic Society of India, BHU, Varanasi-5 nt NUMi.sMAiic secibrv Ob laist. rfOIKT - SKCNffTAAt Sonurus Hindu ^nivoraftv ^omwmatic •OOETV of , yAHANASl -6 (U. p.) |nbu • Mil
The item not applicable must be struck out by the Secretary. I hereby certify that I am an employee of the Central/State Govt./Local body or a Statutory Authority or a Corpor^ion or a Government Undertaking or a University and that I shall not claim mileage allowance from the Central/State Govt./Local Body or Statutory Authority or A Govt. Undertaking or a University for the Journey performed on the concessional return ticket.
Place Signature. Date Designation.. Office Address
Note 1. This certificate (must invariably) be filled in by employees of the Central/State Govt./Local Body or a Corporation or a Government Undertaking or a University. 2. Government servant etc. whose travelling expenses are borne by the Central/State Govt./ or a Local Body or a Statutory Authority or a Corporation or a Go\t. Undertaking or University either wholly or even partly are not entitled to this concession. Any breach of this rule by the Govt. servant, will render him liable to disciplinary action. —2
95™ ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA ru VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINIKETAN -731235. WEST BENGAL (November. 30'''to 2^° Decerrta, 2012-13)_ _ _ w
Pain/n Dr. Su-santa Diittngupla Oryiinizi'i/hv: Upadturya. yi.svd-Bhuru/i Dcpl, ofAlljC&A. Visva- Bharali
Local Secrelary & Dr. Bikasti MtiUlicrji 7;va^'Hrt'r Dapi. ofAIHC^A. l'is\a-liiunaii
Date:
Dear Colleague, I hope you have by now received the 1" circular sent by Prof. Mohd. Naseem. Joint Secrelaty. NSl, BHU regarding the forihcoming 95"' Annual Conference to be held at Visva-Bharatl, Saniinikeian from Novembei: 50- December 02. 2012. I am happy lo write to you as Local Secrelary of liie 95"' Annual Conference invliing you to attend llie Conference al our Campus located in the sylvan surroundings of rural Bengal. Our campus is located al a distance or2.5.km5 from Bolpiir- Santiniketan Railway Station, which is 52 kms from Barddhaman Jn on Barddliaman - Sahibgnnj loopiinc of the Eastern Railway. Bolpur-Santiniketan can be easily reached from the three terminals of Eastern Railway namely l iowrah. .Senldnh and K-oikaia by a number of express trains all of which pass through the Barddhaman Jn. The weather in Saminikeian in late November and early December is pleasantly cool and light woolen cloth would be sufTicienl. Accommodation in our University Guest Houses Is limited in number and, therefore, we arc planning lo book rooms for accommodating the delegates in the private lodges located near the campus. The boarding, however, will be arranged at the place close lo the venue of the conference. The delegate fee will be 1500/ (one thousand five hundred) and the amount may be sent In advance to Local Secrc'larv.95''' Annual Coiiferfncc. NS!. 20J2 bv Demand Draft drawn on State Bank of India. Santiniketan BranchfCode: Q2I2I) The delegates are requested not to bring.with them family members or. guests who are not members of the NSl because,of scarcity of accommodation. The delegates may inform the Local Secreiaiy by phone or email confirming their participation and the dale and lime of their arrival and departure. This would help us in making arrangements for aeconimodalicni and local transport. There is a computerized Reservation Counter of the Eastern Railway in the campus. But the delegates are advised to make their own arrangement well in advance for their journey to and from Santiniketan. Please feel free to contact us if you have any queiy regarding the conference. Our contact numbers and email ID arc given below;
Dr, Bikash Mukherji Mobile:09434042418 Local Secrelary email: bm31dc@ gmall.coin
Mr. Dincsh Dcbanshi LandlincNo: 03463252072 Office in charge Mobile: 09475264293
Looking fonvard lo meeting you al our "Abode of Peace"
Yours Sinccrelv
(Dr.Bil^sh Mukhciji) Chairman BOS. & Head Deparlinenl of A.I.H.C&A Vidva-Bhavana.Visva-Bharaii 2. 7/)
Tel. No. 0542-2368024 e.mall : [email protected]
'V NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA (Estd. 1910) ' BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI-221 005, INDIA
PROF. PARAS NATH SINGH PROF. JAI PRAKASH SINGH PROF. MOHD. NASEEM CHAIRMAN GENERAL SECRETARY TREASURER
CENTENARY YEAR
1 ^^-CIRCULAR 95th ANNUAL CONFERENCE AT VISVA-BHARATI,SANTINIKETAN (WEST BENGAL) 30^*^ NOVEMBER- 2"^ DECEMBER, 2012
Dear Sir/Madam, We have pleasure in informing you that the 95'^ Annual Conference of the Numismatic Society of India will be held at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal) from 30'^ November to 2"^* December, 2012. The session will be presided over by Prof. Ashvini Agrawai, an eminent numismatist, Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh. We Invite you to attend and participate in the academic session of the 95th Annual Conference of the Society and make it a success. We request you to contribute a paper on any subject of Numismatics of your area of study and research and send it to us by 15th November, 2012 along with a copy of the summary indicating your line of thinking and contribution, and also enclose a computer print and C.D. copies of your paper. Prof. Bikash Mukherjee, Chairman, BOS & Head, Department of Ancient Indian History & Archaeology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan will be the Local Secretary. He will send you details of the conference and arrangement about your stay at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal). You may correspond with him for'any further information required. Also make it known to him well in advance, if you intend to exhibit coins, medals, seals, etc. in the conference and book your space for the same. Persons interested in advertisement in the Souvenir may also contact him. It has also been decided to hold a Seminar on Coinage of West Bengal on this occasion. You are also requested to write a paper for the Seminar and inform us about the topic you intend to write.
t Annual members of the Society are requested to send their membership fee through D.D. if the same has not already been paid to the Treasurer of the Numismatic Society of India, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Kindly do not hesitate to write to us regarding any queries or help in respect of your, membership and attendance at the session. We will also be glad to receive your suggestions if any. Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you at Santiniketan (West Bengal). With regards,
PROF. MOHD. NASEEM End. : Railway Concession Joint Secretary 95™ ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA /rV VISVA-BHARATI. SANTINIKETAN -731235, WEST BENGAL m {November, 30'^^ to 2"^° December, 2012-13)
Pall-on Dr. Siisanfji Dutfagupla {}ryiini:L't/ hv: Upuchoryci. Visvu-Bhunui Depi. ofAlMCA: Visva- Bharali
l.ooal Secretary & Dr. Bikash MiiUhci'ji Tivosuixt Di'i)!. pfAUK'i^A. VisYii-Bhuixiii
Date:
Dear Colleague, 1 hope you have by now received the I"" circular sent by Prof. Mohd. Naseem. Joint Secretary. NSi. BHIJ regarding the forthcoming 95"' Annual Conference to be held at Visva-Bharati. Saniiniketan from Novcmbei; 30- December 02. 2012. 1 am happy to write to you as Local Secretary of the 95"' Annual Conference inviting you to attend the Conlcrcnce.al our Campus located in the sylvan surroundings of rural Bengal. Our campus is located at a distance of 2.5.km5 from Bolpur- Sanlinikeian Railway Station, which is 52 kms from Barddhaman Jn on Barddhaman - Sahibganj looplinc of the Eastern Railway. Bolpiir-Sanlinikctan can be ea.sily reached from the three terminals of Eastern Railway namely i lowrah. Seaidali and Kolkata by a number of express trains all of which pass through the Barddhaman Jn. The weather in Santinikctan in late November and early December is pleasantly cool and light woolen cloth would be sLifllcieni. Accommodation in our University Guest Houses is limited in number and, therefore, we are planning to oouk rooms for accommodating the delegates in the private lodges located near the campus. The boarding, however, will be arranged at the place close to the venue of the conference. Tlie delegate fee will be 1500/ (one thousand five hundred) and the amount may be sent in advance to Local Secrefarv.95"' Annual Conleri^ncc. .\'S!. 2(U2 bv Demand Draft drawn on State Bank of India. Santinikctan Branch/Code: 0212 h The delegates are requested not to bring with them family members or guests who are not members olTlie NSI because of scarcity of accommodation. The delegates may inform the Local Secretaiy by phone or email confirming their pariicipaiion and the dale and lime of their arrival and departure. This would help us in making arrangements for accommodation and local transport. There Is a computerized Reservation Counter of the Eastern Railway In the campus. But the delegates are advised to make their own arrangement well in advance for their journey to and I'rom Saniiniketan. Please feel free to contact us if you have any query regarding the conference. Our contact numbers and email ID arc given below:
Dr. Bikash Mukherji Mobilc:09434042418 Local Secretary email: bm31dc@ gmail.coni
Mr. Dincsh Dcbanshi Landiinc No: 03463252072 Office in charge Mobile: 09475264293
Looking for\vard to meeting you at our "Abode of Peace"
Yours Sincere!}'
(Dr.B^sli Mukhcfji) Chairman BOS. & Head Deparliiienl of A.I.I I.C&A Vldva-Bhavana.Visva-lihnraii 11/1 lum B Gmail - Regarding revised budget for three days workshop Dairv —Q CFftfiS No>. -
arch.museums1972
^ Regarding revised budget for three days workshop /^/'' chairperson_aihca
Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
The Director Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana, Art& Design Building, Sector-10, Chandigarh, Pincode-160011,
Sir, I am enclosing herewith a revised budget amounting to Rs.6,30,000/- for organising the three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' in collaboration with your department. The copy of revised budget amounting to Rs.6,30,000/- and theme of the workshop is enclosed.
Yours faithfully. End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur) Chairperson
3 attachments gi Three Days workshop on Numismatics.docx ^ 17K gl Revised budget for three days workshop.docx ^ 18K gl Addresses for workshop 2018.docx ^ 20K
https://mai[.google.com/niail/u/0?ik=03f9b999e7&view=pt&search=all&permmsgid=msg-f%3A1617287008186366466&simpl=msg-f%3A1617287... 1/1 ■=?-
THREE DAYS WORKSHOP
ON
NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH
The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is interwoven with the history of mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families grouped themselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style and established exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initially exchange was limited to barter but later eoins evolved. The origin of Indian coins goes back to the 700 BCE. The journey of making coins provides us an interesting panorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an important information on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend, meterology and minting technique help us have insight into important developments in coin making. A special panel discussion on coins finds from different parts of Haryana will be undertaken. This will help in the documentation of ancient coins housed in different museums of Haryana. This initiative will help in unfolding the history of the region.
The workshop will focus mainly on the technology of minting coins, main features of Punch marked coins, coins of the Indo Greeks, Saka-Ksatrapas, Kushana, Gupta and Post Guptas coins. This workshop will unfold important aspects of coins and their contribution in documenting human progress.
During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancient times will be given by the experts from the Numismatic Society of Calcutta. Through this exhibition we will try to create an awareness among students of school, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. The coin collectors from different parts of India will exhibit their coins. it
ANNEXURE-I
Programme of the Workshop
VENUE:
27 December., 2018
INAUGURATION
Welcome Introduction to the theme of the workshop Inaugural address Key Note
Vote of thanks Tea Break 11.45 am-12.30 pm Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Hon'ble Vicc-Chancellor,Panjab University,Chandigarh TECHNICAL SESSION I (Exhibition of Coins) Evolution and Antiquity of Coins Daily 10.00 am to 5.00 pm
Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm
TECHNICAL SESSION 11 2.30 pm-4.00pm
Punch Marked Coins
Nature and Classification
Tea Break 4.00 pm-4.30 pm
28 December, 2018
TECHNICAL SESSION III 10.00 am -1.30 pm Workshop for School, College Students on Minting Techniques live demonstration Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm-4.00pra
Tribal Coins
29 December. 2Q18
Exhibition 10.00 am -1.30 am
TECHNICAL SESSION V
Coins of the Indo-Grecks and Shakas Lunch 1.30 pm - 2.30 pm
TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pm- 4.00 pm
Exhibition Coins of Kushans/Gupta/Post Gupta Valedictory Function /Feedback and Summing up Deliberations IP Detailed Revised budget for three days workshop indicating amount to be incurred on TA/DA, Hospitality, Transport, Stationery, Secretarial Assistance, [Typing and Xeroxing work and other contingent expenditure etc.(Requests for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately).
s. Item No. of No. of Rate Amount in No. Participants Days/ Rupees Meals
1. Travel within India 40 Three Rates approved by App.Rs.2,00,000/- Panjab University 2. Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.20,000/-
3. Accommodation 40 Three App.Rs.500/- per day App.Rs.60,000/-
4. Catering Charges 40 Three App.Rs.33,000/- per day App.Rs.l,00,000/- a)Tea b)Snacks/Breakfast c)Lunch/Dinner 5. Seminar/Conference 40 One App.Rs.375/- each bag, App.Rs.15,000/- material pad and pen a)Bags/Folders b)Pads c)Pens d)Mementos e)Any other (specify) 6. Secretarial Assistance 40 App.Rs.10,000/- for App.Rs.50,000/- a)Typmg banners+Rs.40,000/- b)Xeroxing other work i.e. c)Printing (specify) printing/xeroxing d)Any other (specify)
7. Programme Expenditure 40 Three App.Rs.15,000/- for App.Rs.25,000/- a)Booking of booking of auditorium+ Rs.5,000/- for sound Hall/Auditorium b)Photography/ system+ Rs.5,000/- for Videography photography c)Flax / Banner d)Sound System e)Others 8. Wooden Cabinet 10 Rate per wooden cabinet Rs.1,00,000/- App.Rs. 10,000/-
1
9. Contingency (not App.Rs.30,000/- exceeding 5 % of total Grant)
10 Miscellaneous Expenditure Other work App.Rs.30,000/- (if any, specify)
General Total App.Rs. 6,30,000/- o
ANNEXURE-II
TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTS Prof. Sita Ram Dubey Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221002
Prof. Amar Singh Dept. of History Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh (Haryana) Pin: 123031 Phone 19416865821 Email: [email protected]
Prof. R.C. Thakran Deptt. of History, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110007
Prof. Laxman. S. Thakur Department of History Himachal Pardesh University Shimla(H.P.)-171005
Dr. Amiteshwar Jlia Director Indian Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies Nasik
Prof. Susmita Basu Mazumdar, Dept. ofAIHC&A University of Calcutta Calcutta
Prof. O.N. Singh Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221002
Prof. Manmohan Kumar(Retd.) Dept. of History M.D.U., Rohtak (Haryana)
Prof. Suraan Jain Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi — 221002
Dr. Rajesh Purohita Director National Museum Calcutta > Dr. Danish Moin Associate Professor Dept. of History Maulana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad Telengana, India Rangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India 09527996163
Dr. Sutapa Sinha Associate Professor University of Calcutta, Department of Islamic History and Culture 15/2/4, Jheel Road, FlatN2 1st Floor, Sweetland Kolkatta-700075
Prof. N.K. Ojha Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
Prof. Ashvini Agrawal Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
Prof. Mahesh Sharma Deptt. of Evening Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh
Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu Dept. of AIHC & A Panjab University Chandigarh
Dr. Ashish Kiunar Dept. of History Panjab University Chandigarh
Prof. Davendra Handa House No. 1401, PUSHPAC COMPLEX Sector 49 B, Chandigarh 160047
Dr. Banani Bhattacharya Government Museum and Art Gallery Sector 10, Chandigarh Mr. Harbinder Singh Saggu (Joint Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)
Mr. Smaran Kumar Dass Affiliated with Numismatic Society of Calcutta
Mr. Ravi Shankar Sharma (Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta
Mr.Anup Kumar Mitra Former President of Numis Society of Calcutta Space No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2"" Floor, 15 Nelie Sengupta Sarani, Kolkatta West Bengal 70087 [email protected] > THREE DAYS WORKSHOP Ih'D')8^
ON
NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH
The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is interwoven with the history of mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families grouped themselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style and established exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initially exchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coins goes back to the 700 BCB. The journey of making coins provides us an interesting panorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an important information on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend, meterology and minting technique help us have insight into important developments in coin making. A special panel discussion on coins finds from different parts of Haryana will be undertaken. This will help in the documentation of ancient coins housed in different museums of Haryana. This initiative will help in unfolding the history of the region.
The workshop will focus mainly on the technology of minting coins, main features of Punch marked coins, coins of the Indo Greeks, Saka-Ksatrapas, Kushana, Gupta and Post Guptas coins. This workshop will unfold important aspects of coins and their contribution in documenting human progress.
During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancient times will be given by the experts from the Numismatic Society of Calcutta. Through this exhibition we will try to create an awareness among students of school, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. The coin collectors from different parts of India will exhibit their coins. ANNEXURE-1
r Programme of the Workshop
VENUE:
27 December, 2018
INAUGURATION
Welcome Introduction to the theme of the workshop Inaugural address Key Note
Vote ofthanks Tea Break 11.45 am -12.30 pm Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Hon'ble Vice-Chancellor, Panjab University,Chandigarh TECHNICAL SESSION I (Exhibition of Coins) Evolution and Antiquity of Coins Daily 10.00 am to 5.00 pm
Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm
TECHNICAL SESSION II 2.30 pm— 4.00pm
Punch Marked Coins
Nature and Classification
Tea Break 4.OO pm-4.30 pm
28 December. 2018
TECHNICAL SESSION III 10.00 am - 1.30 pm Worlcshop for School, College Students on Minting Techniques live demonstration Lunch 1.30 pm -2.30 pm TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm — 4.00pm
Tribal Coins
29 December. 2018
Exhibition 10.00 am - 1.30 am
TECHNICAL SESSION V
Coins of the Indo-Greeks and Shakas Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm
TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pin- 4.00 pin
Exhibition Coins of Kushans/Gupta/Post Gupta Valedictory Function /Feedback and Summing up Deliberations Detailed Revised budget for three days workshop indicating amount to be incurred on TA/DA, Hospitality, Transport, Stationery, Secretarial Assistance, Typing and Xeroxing work and other I contingent expenditure etc.(Requests for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately). s. Item No. of No. of Rate Amount in No. Participants Days/ Rupees Meals
1 Travel within India 40 Three Rates approved by App.Rs.2,00,000/- Panjab University 2 Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.20,000/-
3 Accommodation 40 Three App.Rs.500/- per day App.Rs.60,000/-
4 Catering Charges 40 Three App.Rs.33,000/- per day App.Rs.1,00,000/- a) Tea b)Snacks/Breakfast c) Lunch/Dinner 5 Seminar/Conference 40 One App.Rs.375/- each bag, App.Rs.15,000/- material pad and pen a) Bags/Folders b) Pads c) Pens d) Mementos e) Any other (specify)
6 Secretarial Assistance 40 App.Rs.10,000/- for App.Rs.50,000/- a) Typing b an ners+Rs.40,000/- b) Xeroxing other work i.e. printing/xeroxing c) Printing (specify) d) Any other (specify)
7 Programme Expenditure 40 Three App.Rs.15,000/- for App.Rs.25,000/- booking of auditorium+ a) Booking of Rs.5,000/- for sound Hall/Auditorium b) Photography/ system+ Rs.5,000/- for photography Videography c) Flax / Banner d) Sound System e) Others
8 Wooden Cabinet 10 Rate per wooden cabinet Rs.1,00,000/- App.Rs. 10,000/-
9 Contingency (not App.Rs.30,000/- exceeding 5 % of total Grant)
1 Miscellaneous Expenditure Other work App.Rs.30,000/- (if any, specify)
General Total App.Rs. 6,30,000/-
& Arthaeologv raujab L/iiiversi$» ANNEXURE-n
W TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTS I'rof. Sita Ram Dubey Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221002
Prof. Amar Singh Dept. of History Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh (Haryana) Pin: 123031 Phone: 9416865821 Email: [email protected]
Prof. R.C. Thakran Deptt. of History, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110007
Prof. Laxman. S. Thakur Department of History Himachal Pardesh University Shimla (H.P.)-'71005
Dr. Amiteshwar Jha Director Indian Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies Nasik
Prof. Susmita Basu Mazumdar, Dept. ofAIHC&A University of Calcutta Calcutta
Prof. O.N. Singh Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221002
Prof. Manmohan Kumar (Retd.) Dept. of History M.D.U., Rohtak (Haryana)
Prof. Suman Jain Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221002
Dr. Rajesh Purohita Director National Museum Calcutta *Dr. Danish Moin Associate Professor r^ept. of History Maulana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad Telengana, India Rangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India 09527996163
Dr. Sutapa Sinha Associate Professor University of Calcutta, Department of Islamic History and Culture 15/2/4, Jheel Road, Flat N2 1st Floor, Sweetland Kolkatta-700075
Prof. N.K. Ojha Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
Prof. Ashvini Agrawai Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab Universit>', Chandigarh
Prof. Mahesh Sharma Deptt. of Evening Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh
Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu Dept. ofAIHC&A Panjab University Chandigarh
Dr. Ashish Kumar Dept. of History Panjab University Chandigarh
Prof. Davendra Handa House No. 1401,PUSHPAC COMPLEX Sector 49 B, Chandigarh 160047
Dr. Banani Bhattacharya Government Museum and Art Gallery Sector 10, Chandigarh Ig—
> Ivlr. Harbinder Singh Saggu (Joint Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)
Mr. Smaran Kumar Dass Affiliated with Numismatic Society of Calcutta
Mr. Ravi Shankar Sharma (Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta
Mr.Anup Kumar Mitra Former President of Numis Society of Calcutta Space No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2"'' Floor, 15 Nelie Sengupta Sarani, Kolkatta West Bengal 70087 Nsc.kolkataf%vahoo.co.in 11/17/2018 Gmail - Regarding to depute experts for lecture. ^3'ry CFWIS No:-
Dsto:- wiTIQII arch.museums1972
Regarding to depute experts for lecture.
chairperson_aihca
Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
The Director Dept. of Archaeology and Museums(HRY) Sector 10,Chandigarh
Sir,
We request you to depute experts on field archaeology to deliver at least two Introductory lectures to the students of M.A. 3rd Semester who are specialising in Archaeology: Prehistoric Archaeology & Archaeological Methods, Techniques and Early Historic Archaeology In the coming week. We shall remain indebted to you for this favour.
We hope to get positive reply from your end.
Yours faithfully.
(Prof. Renu Thakur) Chairperson
https://mail.googIe.com/maii/u/0?ik-03f9b999e7&vlew=pt&search=all&petTnmsgid=msg-f%3A1617287616218042361 &simpl=msg-f%3A1617287... 1/1 Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University,Chandigarh-l60014 (Estd. In 1947 under Act VIl of Govt. of India) Chai rperson N o A1H/18.i. Dated:
The Director Department of Arciiaeology & Museums, I laiyana. Art & Design Building. Sector-10, Cairy f^o'- M 2_U §
^-HiLlhS
Madam/Sir,
1 am inform you that the Department of Ancient Indian l listory, Culture & Archaeology. Panjab University. Chandigarh is organizing a three days' workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with your department (Archaeology and Museums Haryana. Ciiandigaiii) in the month of
December 2018. For organizing this event the Department has requested for a financial assistance of Rs.3.00,000/- to the Member Secretary, ICHR. New Delhi. Many eminent scholars are coining from diffbrent parts of India to participate in the deliberations. The formal meeting in this regard will help us finalize the program.
Kindly suggest a suitable date and time for the meeting at the earliest.
Yours faithfully, iLoixucuP (Prol. Renii Thakiir) „ , _ ■ ,^ Chairperson
Pul Lit).
^)H8 OK
Phone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629, E.mail: [email protected] 154 I Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjal) University,Chandigarh-160014 (Estd. Ill 1947 under Act VI] of Govt. of India)
Chjiirperson
To The Member Secretary ICHR.35, Ferozeshah Road New Delhi- I I0 001
Subject: Application for Financial Assistance for holding a three days workshop.
Sir, The Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab Universit}', Chandigarh is organizing a three days* workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology and Museums. Haryana. Chandigarh in the month of December 2018. For organizing this event in the Department we request you to grant financial assistance of Rs.3,00,000/-. Many eminent scholars are coming from different parts of India to participate in the deliberations. The requisite documents are attached with the application form for your perusal.
Hope to receive positive response in this regard.
Yours faithfully,
End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur) 12r|To ] Chairperson
l^hone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629. E.mail: [email protected] c THREE DAYS WORKSHOP NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH
The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is, interwoven with the history of mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families grouped themselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style and established exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initially exchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coins goes back to the 700 BCE. The journey of making coins provides us an interesting panorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an important information on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend, meterology and minting technique help us have insight into important developments in coin making.
The workshop will focus mainly on the technology of minting coins, main features of Punch marked coins, coins of the Indo Greeks, Saka-Ksatrapas, Kushana, Gupta and Post Guptas coins. This workshop will unfold important aspects of coins and their contribution in documenting human progress.
During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancient times will be given by the experts from the Numismatic Society of Calcutta. Through this exhibition we will try to create awareness among students of school, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. The coin collectors from different parts of India will exhibit their coins. ANNEXURE-I
C~ Programme of the Workshop
VENUE:
27 December,2018
INAUGURATION
Welcome Introduction to the theme of the workshop inaugural address Key Note
Vote of thanks Tea Break 11.45 am -12.30 pm Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Hon'ble Vice-Chaiicellor, Panjab University,Chandigarh TECHNICAL SESSION I (Exhibition of Coins) Evolution and Antiquity of Coins Daily 10.00 am to 5.00 pm
Lunch 1.30 pm -2.30 pm
TECHNICAL SESSION II 2.30 pm - 4.00pm
Punch Marked Coins
Nature and Classification
Tea Break 4.00 pm-4.30 pm
28 December,2018
TECHNICAL SESSION III 10.00 am - 1.30 pm Workshop for School, College Students on Minting Techniques live demonstration Lunch 1.30 pm -2.30 pm TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm - 4.00pm
Tribal Coins
29 December, 2018
Exhibition 10.00 am - 1.30 am
TECHNICAL SESSION V
Coins of the Indo-Grceks and Shakas Lunch 1.30 pm - 2.30 pm
TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pm-4.00 pm
Exhibition Coins of Kushans/Gupta/Post Gupta . Valedictory Function /Feedback and Summing up Deliberations ANNEXURElA
To Member Secretary, Indian Council of Historical Research 35 Ferozeshah Road New Delhi - 110001
Name and address of the Organizers: Prof. Renu Thakur Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University Chandigarh
Phone: Mobile; 9417121262
The Director Department of Archaeology and Museum Haryana, Chandigarh
Fax:
Zone: North/South/East/West/North East
Rural Urban : Urban Urban Class of City: XmZ/Rural
District: E-mail: [email protected]
State: Chandigarh Web site:
1. Name and address of the Convener: Prof. Renu Thakur Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University Chandigarh Phone: 9417121262
Zone: North/South/East/West/North East Fax:
Rural Urban : Urban Urban Class of City: XA^/Z/Rural
District: E-mail: [email protected]
State : Chandigarh Web site: 3. Theme of the Conference/Seminar/Wcrkshop (Attach brief summary)(Annexure I)
Page 1 of 5 J Sub-Themes: Proposed Dates: December, 2018
1. Numismatics: Study and Research
Venue: Panjab University, Chandigarh
4. Number of Participants (List of expected participants to be attached) (In numbers) (In words)
Local 20 Twenty
Foreign
Total 20 Twenty
6. Category: General SC ST OBC Minorities PwD (Please attach self-attested copy of the Category/Caste/Tribe certificates from competent authority)
7. Gender: Male/Female/Third Gender
8. Funding from other than ICHR: UGC,Panjab University, Chandigarh Source: Applied
Amount: Rs.3,00,000/-
9. Detailed Budget Indicating Amount to be incurred on TA/DA, Hospitality, Transport, Stationery, ' Secretarial Assistance, Typing and Xeroxing work and other contingent expenditure etc. (Requests for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately).
S. Item No. of No. of Rate Amount in No. Participants Days/Meals Rupees
1 Travel within India. 40 Three Rates approved by App.Rs.1,20,000/- Panjab University
2 Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.10,000/-
3 Accommodation 15 Tiiree Rs.500/- per day App.Rs.22,500/-
4 Catering Ciiarges 40 Three Rs.20,000/- per day App.Rs.60,000/- a) Tea b)Snacks/Breakfast
Page 2 of 5 c) Liinch/Dinner ,
,s Somiiiar/Conference 30 One Rs.250/- each bag, App.Rs.7,500/- nnUcrial - pad and pen a) Bags/Folders b) i*ads c) Pens d) Mementos e) Any other (specify)
1 6 Secretarial Assistance 40 Rs.8,000/- for App.Rs.20,000/- a) Typing banners+Rs.12,000/- b) Xeroxing other work i.e. printing/xeroxing c) Printing (specify) d) Any other (specify)
7 Programme Expenditure 40 Three Rs.15,000/- for App.Rs.25,000/- booking • of a) Booking of auditorium+ Hall/Auditorium Rs.5,000/- for sound b)Photography/ Videography system+ Rs.5,000/- ) for photography c) Flax/Banner 1 d) Sound System e) Others
8 Contingency (not App.Rs.15,000/- exceeding 5 % of total Grant)
9 Miscellaneous Expenditure Other work A'pp.Rs.20,000/- ■ (if any, specify)
General Total 1 App.Rs. 3,00,000/- *Please consult Guidelines for preparing the funding details.
10. Amount expected from the ICHR Rs.3,00,000/-
11. Name of Authority in whose favour the ICHR grant should be released if given: The Registrar, Panjab University,Chandigarh ;
12. Whether the Organization/Department/Institution has received or applied for ICHR grant earlier give details (File No. Year and Topic). File No. : Cash/563A/Grant/ICHR/2012-13 dated 27.06.2013 Year: October Topic: Archaeology and Literature: Interpreting Early Indian History
13. Institutional Funding
Own Contribution Amount sought Amount sanctioned by the institution
Page 3 of 5 -2-^- tM
Rs.1,00,000/-
Kiiiidiii^ from other sources: NA
Nniiic of organization Amount sought Amount sanctioned
14. The following is to be filled only if the applicant is a professional organization: NA a. Year of establishment of the professional organization of the historians (please enclose a certified copy of the registration of documents/signed MOA etc.) NA b. Whether the organization is functioning at National/Regional/State/Local Level c. Aims and objectives of the organization {Attach a copy duly signed by the authorized signatories). d. Activities of the organization/institution in the past three years (On a separate sheet). e. Number of members of the organization. f. Main source of funds of the organization. g. Financial status (Attach copy of audited statement of accounts for the last financial year). I hereby certify that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and that I shall abide by the Terms & Conditions as laid down in the guidelines of the schemes. iLv O-LlUL^^ Smnature of the Applicant •
Date: Deptt. or Ancient XailMM mtm Culture c. . v.ciitteology Name (block letters): RENUTHAKUR fanjab Ciuversily Designation: PROFESSOR CHAND1CAR3I Address: dept. of ancient Indian history,culture «& archaeology
Signature of the Head of the IiKtitution/Organization Director Research Promotion Call (Seal) Panjab University,
Date: 'londioarti. ' .
Name (block letters):
Designation:
Address:
Page 4 of 5 IN,It. I.ihc application should be forwarded by the Head of the Institute/Organization VIZ. Dircclor/Registrar/President/Chairman/Principal, etc. duly signed and stamped. Ill cjLse of approval, the funds will be released to the^ forwarding Institution/Organization. ,1, N(tOs should enclose the NGO profile along with relevant documents. I) The registered Societies/NGOs should upload their details and registration certificate on the Government of India's Niti Aayog web portal. Also, hereafter such bodies should submit their registration certificate to the ICHR along with application forms, ii) '['he NGOs/Registered Societies should submit their organization's last three years audited statement of accounts duly certified by the Finance Authority of the concerned bodies/departments along with application form. 4. The applicant should submit statement of accounts and utilization certificate along with bill/vouchers duly signed by the authorized officer of the institutions/society/NGO for the, previous year grant received from ICHR. 5. In case of organizing International Seminar/Conference/Symposia/Workshop, the applicant has to submit a clearance of foreign scholars/guests/participants from the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India along with the application form. 6. The applicant's CV should not exceed 1500 words. 7. All applications should also be submitted in electronic format along with a hard copy. 8. Attach a tentative list of participants (including historians) with title of their proposed papers. 9. Acceptance of Resource Persons along-with abstract of their papers. 10.The complete application form-along with requisite documents should reach the Council at least three months before the scheduled dates of the event. II.In case of non-fulfillment of any of the Terms & Conditions, the applicant/organization will not be eligible for further support under the schemes ofICHR and will be liable to legal action. 12.Before filling up the application form please must read the Chapter on ^Seminars/Workshops/Conferences of Professional Organizations of Historians' available on ICHR's website in Research Funding Rules. 13. Incomplete application form shall not be entertained.
Declaration
I have read the Revised Research Funding Rules, 2017 and agree to abide by them.
Signature^ onritncizti of the Applican(X' Ansieat ''■>?iture & ^risjab Uni--
Page 5 of 5 "
v; ■■■ ••V'- r .Vii.
, --i, .-s ' .c-'. .-V .1; ANNEXURE-IIi
^ TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTS IVol'. Siin Kain Dubey DepU. Ill" Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology hiiniiras Hindu University, VltriiMiisi - 221002
I'roC. Aniar Singh l.)cj>l. of History Central University ofHaryana JiuU-I^ili, Mahendergarh (Haryana) Pin: 123031 Phone:9416865821 I vmail: [email protected]
IVof. R.C. Thakran Dcptt. of History, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110007
Prof. Laxman. S. Thakur Department of History Himachal Pardesh University Shimla,(H.P.)-171005
Dr. Amiteshwar Jha Director Indian Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies Nasik
Prof. Susmita Basu Mazumdar, Dept. of AIHC & A' University of Calcutta Calcutta
Prof. O.N. Singh Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology | Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221002
Prof. Manmohan Kumar (Retd.) Dept. of History M.D.U., Rohtak (Haryana)
Prof. Suman Jain Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi — 221002 Dr. Danish Moin c- D>o ^^ciate Professor of History Maulana Azad National Urdu University 1 lydcrabad Tclcngana, India Kangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India 09527996163 i3r. Sutapa Sinha Associate Professor University of Calcutta, Department of Islamic History and Culture 15/2/4, Jheel Road, FlatN2 1st Floor, Sweetland Kolkatta-700075
Prof.N.K.Ojha Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
Prof. Ashvini Agrawal Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh
Prof. Mahesh Sharma Deptt. of Evening Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh
Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu Dept. of AIHC & A Panjab University Chandigarh
Dr. Ashish Kumar Dept. of History Panjab University Chandigarh
Prof. Davendra Handa House No. 1401,PUSHPAC COMPLEX Sector 49 B, Chandigarh 160047
Dr. Banani Bhattacharya Government Museum and Art Gallery Sector 10, Chandigarh
-I ^ • - • • •. ^"2. rwj, I liirhindcr Singh Saggu Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)
Mr. Smaran Kumar Dass Arillialed with Numismatic Society of Calcutta
Mr. Ravi Shankar Sharma {Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta
Mr.Anup Kumar Mitra Former President of Numis Society of Calcutta Space No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2"'' Floor, 15 Nelie Sengupta Sarani, Kolkatta West Bengal 70087 [email protected] '•C'
A
-f
PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH No. GP/...!7.S^.V. /A D a te...?/.9. / ./.C/.
From To The Finance & Development Officer Dr. Renu Thakur Panjab University, Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Chandigarh Culture & Archaeology Panjab University. Chandigarh .
Subject: Adjustment of Advance(s)
Dear Sir/Madam,
Ttiis is to inform you that the following advance (s) standing in your name have been adjusted. The details are given below:-
Sr. Name. Purpose of Cheque Amount Voucher No. No. Advance No/Date (Rs.) 1. Dr. Renu Thakur Advance for 816297 dated 90000/- 09/0478 dated
National Seminar :3.09.2013 23.09.2013
on 07-08 October
2013
Yours faithfully,
Office Superintendent (Acceunts- G&P), 2-
9f> tMP,OU:i'ANT From The Principal Secrolary to Gov ernment H;ii*yana, Finance Department.
fo All tlte Heads ofDcpaitmcnts in Har/atia, Registrar General. Punjab & Har>.uia Higli Court, Chandigarh. All the CommivSisioner of Division.? in IJaryana. Ail the Deputy Commissioners m Haiyanti Slate.
Memo No. 5/(5/2005-5B&C Dated, Chandigarh the. 23'^ November. 2C 1(5
l-sthjcc-t; Incumng ofevpt-ndilure under Phui/Non-Plan sclicme.s. Kindly refer to the Finance Depanmem's Memo No. 5/6/2005-5B&C, dated 20''' April, 20 J 6 on the subject noted above vide which the Administrative Depiirtmenls were allowed to incur expenditure up ro .i5';'o in I" quarter, 20% in 2'"' quarter, 25",i in 3'" quarter and 30% in 4* quarter without any reference on tjlis account to die Finaoci.: Dcptirlmeiu. • die I-innncc Ouprirlmcnt luu decided to ailovv the Administrative Departmenis to incur c.vpcndimre upto 70% under Pbn/Non-Plan object heads upto end of 3'"^ quarter (i.e. 3D'December, 2016) ot ..iinent fiscal. * riiese instruciiona may also be brouglit tc the notice of all concerned in your Depaitment tor stifci compliance. These mstmctions are also available on the official \vcb.gite of Finance ^e|)a^t^^2nllp'JAJv.fn^h^^,TO
.-■r-wv.'V'-*-—^1Under Secrelaiy F inance (Budget)—■ Jor Principal Secretaiy to Govt. Haryana, Finance Department^ tx copy is forwarded to uil the Additional Chief Sccroiarie.s/prlimipal Seci"etaries to the (/OvvrrnKni of ilnryana for inlbrmution and neccssuiy aciion.
rA
^ Undersecretary Finance (Budget) jor Principal Secjetary to Govi. Fhnyima, Finance Depiu-tmenl 0'^
All the .Additiunai Chnd hecretane^/ Principal Secretaries to Govt. Haiyana. UrO. No. .vc,'2005-5B&C Dated. Chandigarh, tlie 23"^ November, 2016
.r. , - J BUDGET AVAILABILITY REPORT Date: 24/01/2019
Treasury / Sub-Treasury: Chandigarh Time: 09:39 AM
DDO Code/Name: 2306 Sector 10 Chandigarh
Head of Account Obj Code Description Amount Cumulative Balance j Allocated Expenditure Amount
2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary > 1800000 1579810 220190.
2205-51-103-93-51-i2-P-N-V 02 Wages 100C000 530454 469546;
2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 200000 119064 80936^
2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 04 Travel Expenses 500000 228883 271117;
2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 500000 148294 351706;
.2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 18 Maintenance 500000 0 500000^
!2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 500000 330790 16921G-:
2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 67 Medical Reimbursement 1500000 320459 1179541;
12205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 69 Contractual Service 5000000 3970450 1029550^
i 2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 70 Leave Travel Concession 500000 0 50000G:
Scheme Total: 12000000 7228204 477179S
!2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary 700000 0 700000^
i 2205-51-103-94-51 -12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 400000 0 400000 j2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 200000 0 200000'
|2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 500000 150000 35000G
|2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 200000 0 200000;
1 Scheme Total: 2000000 150000 1850000: i2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary 800000 641885 158115,
^ 2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 400000 48586 351414
; 2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 04 Travel Expenses 100000 18307 81693 i2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 200000 22907 177093 i2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 100000. 1805 98195 I
;2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 200000 7536 18246-i-
2205-51-103;95-51-12-P-N-V 67 Medical Reimbursement 100000 0 100000'
12205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 70 Leave Travel Concession 100000 0 100000.
Scheme Total: 2000000 741026 1258S74
!22Q5-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary 4000000 797929 3202071; 1
;2205-51 -103-96-51-12-P-N-V 02 Wages 5000000 646508 4353492:
i 2205-51-103-96-51 -12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 600000 66420 533580:
'2205-51-103-96-51 -12-P-N-V 04 Travel Expenses 200000 3181 196819
.2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 200000 102301 97899;
,2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 09 Grant-in-Aid-General 126768000 126768000 0;
2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 18 Maintenance 20000000 4185 19995815;
'2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 1000000 63107 936893; 1 j2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-NA/ 67 Medical Reimbursement 800000 0 800000 1 !2205-51-103-96-51 -12-P-N-V 69 Contractual Service 7500000 3443004 4056996!
|2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 70 Leave Travel Concession , 500000 0 500000;
;2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 92 Energy Charges 1000000 518264 481716;
1 Scheme Total: 1675S8000 132412919 35155081,
;2205-51-103-97-99-12-P-N-V 07 Publications i V
BUDGET AVAILABILITY REPORT Date: 24/01/2019
Treasury / Sub-Treasury : Chandigarh Time: 09:39 AM
DDO Code/Name: 2306 Sector 10 Chandigarh
2205-51-103-97-99-12-P-N-V 88 Computerisation (IT) 4500000 1375427 3124573
Scheme Total: 5000000 1495166 3504834;
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 02 Wages 5000000 1353932 3646068;
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 2000000 0 2000000
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 21 Motor Vehicle 1000000 154182 845818
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 700000 0 700000
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 300000 6308 293692
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 45 P.O.L 600000 •369823 230177
2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V ■ 51 Compensation 2500000 0 2500000
Scheme Total: 12100000 1884245 10215755
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 01 Salary 13000000 9403190 3596810
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 02 Wages 100000 46400 53600
12205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 03 Deamess Allowances 844000 751788 92212
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 04 Travel Expenses 300000 174058 125942
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 05 Office Expenses 60000 11030 48970
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 06 Rent, Rates and Taxes 1000 0 1000
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 12 Scholarships and Stipends 130000 103837 26163
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 21 Motor Vehicle 10000 2705 7295
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 24 Material and Supply 10000 0 10000
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 33 Professional and Special Services 10000 0 10000
2205-51 -103-99-51-12-P-R-V 34 Other Charges 50000 17895 32105
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 45 P.O.L 100000 41472 58528
2205-51 -103-99-51 -12-P-R-V 67, Medical Reimbursement 1000000 212448 787552 1 2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 69 Contractual Service 1300000 879618 420382
;2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 70 Leave Travel Concession 100000 0 100000
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 79 Ex-Gratia 30000 0 30000
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 87 Honorarium 30000 0 30000
2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 98 Furniture 25000 0 25000
Scheme Total: 17100000 11644441 5455559 3i
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♦♦ ri: \r-k 7WfK«« REGISTRATION FEE (SPOT REGISTRATION] ?200 Invitation to for Sludcnts/Reseaich Scliolias
<500 ^T^ree Q^orJzshdp for Facullv Menibcj'S Sh. Manohar Lai Chief Minister, Harycna on Hegisiration Fee Includes Certificate of <^KimmmaUcs.- QS>tU(^^ and &..6S6arch 'Paper Preseiiiation/ On Attendance, V\ / 26-28 February 2019 Conl'evence Kit, g^)l(c f ,
Brcakfas'u at Lunch organized by ^ 09:30 a.m. Dinner & High Tea I ♦♦ DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY & MUSEUMS, HARYANA r FUnTHER DETAILS L Dr. Mulk Raj Anand Auditorium PLEASE CLICK ON THE OELOVJ LINK In collaboration with / Panjab University, Chandigarh urcli.riiLiseumb.l 972(!','gi)iaU.coin chairpei>oii_c^ica©pu. and INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH, NEW DELHI are Wefcome Gmail - Fw: Three Day workshop . ^ Dairy ..vWo.- 1 ^Qft 1 f W'_ _ - ?« ;•. ■,.museums1972 — Forwarded message — From: chairperson_aihca Department of Ancient Indian History. Culture and Archaeology. Panjab Universlty,Chandigarh-160014 The Director Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana, Art & Design Building, Sector-10, Chandigarh Pincode-150011 Madam, Revised date of three days workshop on '"Numismatics: Study and Research " is 26th Feb to 28lh Feb 2019. The detailed program is being sent to you with this mall. Regards Yours faithfully, (Prof. Renu Thakur) Chairperson .^■*1 Workshop Program.docx 45K https://mail.googIe.cQm/niail/u/0?ik=03f9b999e7&viev/=pt&s;earch=all&penTilhid=thread-f%3A1621544648154385759&sitnpl=msg-f%3A1621544... 1/1 31 NECESSARY INFORMATION FOR SEMINAR / CONGRESS / CONFERENCE / SYMPOSIA PROPOSAL File No. 8-..../2018/Seminar Title of the Seminar / Congress / 1. Numismatics: Study and Research Conference / Symposia Date of Seminar / Congress / Conference / 2. 26*" to 28"' February, 2019 Symposia Application Form (Annexure XI) for 3. Financial Assistance Submitted or Not, if not Yes please submit. If any amount sanctioned previously, the 4. Yes (Utilization Certificate enclosed) details thereof. Account &Report Submitted or Not, if not 5. Yes please submit. Whether the Organization / University has 6. No received or a for Grant from any other source. If yes, the name of the other source and the 7. amount of grant received or applied for No 8. Name & Designation of Coordinator Professor Renu Tliakur Name of the FinancialAuthority in whose 9. favour the ICHR Grant should be release, if Registrar Panjab University, Chandigarh given Bio-data of Coordinator submitted or not, if 10. not please submit. Yes Name & Address of Organization / College, Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & 11. University Trust / NGO Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh Total Budget for Seminar / Congress / 12. 6,30,000/- Conference / Symposia (In Rs.) Amount asked forSeminar / Congress / 13. 3,0'^ .)0/- Conference / Symposia from ICHR (In Rs.) Whether SC / ST / OBC / Physically 14. General Challenged /North East / Genl. List of Participants with title of their papers 15. Enclosed submitted or not, if not please submit. Ph: 0172-2534629 Mob: 9417121262 Contact No. / E-mainD 16. Email: [email protected] Place: Name / Signature of the Coordinator Date: -o THREE DAYS WORKSHOP ON NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH The depaitment of Ancient Ii?r'-:9n Histoiy, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is interwoven with the histoiy of mankind. The needs of eai'ly man were limited but gradually families grouped themselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style and established exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initially exchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coins goes back to the 700 BCE. The journey of making coins provides us an interesting panorama of the monetary system Tlndia. They provide us an important information on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend, meterology and minting technique help us have insight into "important developments in coin making. A special panel discussion on coins finds from different parts of Haryana will be undertaken. This will help in the documentation of ancient coins housed in different museums of Haryana. This initiative will help in unfolding the history of the region. The workshop will focus mainly on the technology of minting coins, main features of Punch marked coins, coins of tlie f:ido Greeks, Saka-Ksatrapas, Kushana, Gupta and Post Guptas coins. This workshop will unfold important aspects of coins and their contribution in documenting human progress. During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancient times will be given by the experts &om the Numismatic Society of Calcutta. Thi'ough this exhibition we will tiy to create an awareness among students of school, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. The coin collectors from different parts of India will exhibit 'heir coins. ANNEXURE lA To Member Secretary, Indian Council of Historical Research 35 Ferozeshah Road New Delhi-n0001 Name and address of the Organizers: Prof. Renu Thakur Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University Chandigarh JPhon'": • Mouile: 9417121262 The Director Department of Archaeology and Museum Haryana, Chandigarh Fax: ■ ■ Zone: North/South/East/West/North East Rural Urban : UrbanUrban Class of City: X/Y/Z/Rura! District: E-mail: [email protected] State iChandigarh Web site: 1 Nameand address of the Convener: Prof.Renu Thakur Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University Chandigarh •' . Phone: 9417121262 Zone: Nortli/SoutlVEast/West/North East Fax: Rural Urban : Urban Urban. Class of City: X/Y/Z/Rura! District: E-mail: [email protected] State :Chandigarh Web site: 3. Theme of the Conference/SeniinarAVorkshop (Attach brief summary)(Annexure I) Sub-Themes: Proposed Dates: 26-28 February, 2019 1. Numismatics: Study and Research Venue:Panjab University, Chandigarh 4. Number of Participants (List of expected participants to be attached) (In numbers) (In words) Local 20 TAventy Foreign Total 20 Twenty S.Name and Bio-data of the Coordinator/Convener (Not exceeding 1500 words):(Annexure II) 6. Category: General SC ST OBC Minorities PwD (Pleaseattach self-attested copy oflheG?itegory/Caste/Tribe certificates from competent authority) 7. Gender: Maie/Female/Third Gender 8. Funding from other than ICHR: UGC,Panjab University, Chandigarh Source: Applied Amount: Rs.3,20,000/- (required from Dept. of Archaeology and Museum, Haryana.) • 9. .Detailed Revised budget indicating ainnpnt to be incurred on TA/DA, Hospitality, Transport, Stationery, Secretarial Assistance, Typing and Xt. .xing work and other contingent expenditure etc. (Requests for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately). S. Item No. of No. of Rate Amount in No. Participants Days/ Rupees Meals 1 Travel within India 40 Three Rates approved by App.Rs.2,00,000/- Panjab University '2 Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.20,000/- 3 Accommodation 40 Three App.Rs.500/-per day App.Rs.60,000/- 4 Catering Charges 40 Three App.Rs.33,000/- per day App.Rs.1,00,000/- a) Tea r • b)Snacks/Breakfast c) Luncli/Dinner 5 Seminar/Conference 40 One App.Rs.375/- each bag, App.Rs.15,000/- material pad and pen a) Bags/Folders b)Pads c) Pens d) Mementos e) Any other (specify) 6 Secretarial Assistance 40 App.Rs.10,000/- for App.Rs.50,000/- a) Typing banners+Rs.40,000/- b) Xeroxing other work i.e. printing/xeroxing c) Printing (specify) d) Any other (specify) 7 Programme Expenditure 40 Three App.Rs.15,000/- for App.Rs.25,000/- a) Booking of booking of auditorium+ Rs.5,000/- for sound Hall/Auditorium system+ Rs.5,000/- for b) Photography/ photography Videography c) Flax / Banner d) Sound System e) Others 8 Wooden Cabinet 10 Rate per wooden cabinet Rs.1,00,000/- App.Rs. 10,000/- 9 Contingency (not App.Rs.30,000/- exceeding 5 % of" total ' Grant) 1 Miscellaneous Expenditure Other work App,Rs.30,000/- (if any, specify) General Total App.Rs. 6,30,000/- *PIease consult Guidelines for preparing the funding details. 10. Amount expected from the ICHR Rs.3,00,000/- 11. Name of Authority in whose favour the ICHR grant should be released if given: The Registrar, PanjabUniversity,Chandigarh 12. Whether the Organization/Department/Institution has received or applied for ICHR grant earlier give details (File No. Year and Topic). File No. : Cash/563A/Grant/ICHR/20]2-13 dated 27.06.2013 Year: October Topic: Archaeology and Literature: Interpreting Early Indian History 13. Institutional Funding Own Contribution Amount sought Amount sanctioned by the institution Rs.1,00,000/- Funding from other sources: NA Name of organization Amount sought Amount sanctioned 14. The following is to be filled only if the applicant is a professional organization: NA a. Year of establishment of the professional organization of the historians (please enclose a certified copy of the registration of documents/signed MOA etc.) NA b. Whether the organization is functioning at National/Regional/State/Local Level . c. Aims and objectives of the organization (Attach a copy duly signed by the authorized sigriatories). d. Activities of the organization/institution in the past three years (On a separate sheet). e: Number of members of the organization. f. Main source of funds of the organ'" r "on. g. Financial status (Attach copy of audited statement of accounts for the last financial year). I hereby certify that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and that I shall abide by the Terms & Conditions as laid down in the guidelines of the schemes. Signature of the Applicant Date: Name (block letters): RENU THAKUR Designation: PROFESSOR AddreSS:DEPT. OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, ,JLTURE& ARCHAEOLOGY Signature of the Head of the Institution/Organization (Seal) Date: Name (block letters): Designation: Address: N.B. 1.The application should be forwarded by the Head of the Institute/Organization viz. Director/Registrar/President/Chairman/Principal, etc. duly signed and stamped. 2. In case of approval, the funds will be released to the forwarding Institution/Organization. 3. NGOs should enclose the NGO profile along with relevant documents. i) The registered Societies/NGOs should upload their details and registration certificate on the Government of India's NitiAayog web portal. Also, hereafter such bodies should submit their registration certificate to the ICHR along with application forms. ii) The NGOs/Registered Societies should submit their organization's last three years audited statement of accounts duly certified by the Finance Authority of the concerned bodies/departments along with application form. 4. The applicant should submit statemei: of accounts and utilization certificate along with bill/vouchers duly signed by the authorized officer of the institutions/society/NGO for the previous year grant received from ICHR. 5. In case of organizing International Seminar/Conference/Symposia/Workshop, the applicant has to submit a clearance of foreign scliolars/guests/participants from the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India along with the application form. ur -i"-' ■■ 6. The applicant's CV should not exceed 1500 words. 7. All applications should also be submitted in electronic format along with a hard copy. 8. Attach a tentative list of participants (including historians) with title of their proposed papers. 9. Acceptance of Resource Persons along-with absn-n.ct of their papers. 10.The complete application form along with requijiie documents should reach the Council at least three months before the scheduled dates of the event. 1 l.In case of non-fulfillment of any of the Terms & Conditions, the applicant/organization will not be eligible for further support under the schemes of ICHR and will be liable to legal action. 12.Before filling up the application form please must read the Chapter on 'Seminars/Workshops/Conferences of Professional Organizations of Historians' available on ICHR's website in Research Funding Rules. 13.Incomplete application form shall not be entertained. Declaration 1 have read the Revised Research Funding Rules, 20' c.nd agree to abide by them. Signature of the Applicant 4 ANNEXURE-I Programme of the Workshop VENUE: 26''* Febnmry, 2019 INAUGURATION Welcome Inlroduclion to the theme of the workshop Inaugural address Key Note Vote of thanks Tea Break 11.45 am-12.30 pm Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Ilon'ble Vicc-Chanccllor, PanjabUnivcrsily,ChandigarIi TECHNICAL SESSION I (Exhibition of Coins) Evolution and Antiquity of Coins Daily 10.01) am to 5.00 pm Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm TECHNICAL SESSION II 2.30 pm - 4.00pm Punch Marked Coins Nature and Classification Tea Break 4.00 pm-4.30 pm 27"' February. 2019 TECHNICAL SESSION HI 10.00 am - 1.30 pm Workshop for School, College Students on Minting Techniques live demonstration Lunch 1.30 pm -2.30 pm TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm-4.00pm Tribal Coins 28'" February. 2019 Exhibition 10.00 am - 1.30 am TECHNICAL SESSION V Coins of the Indo-Grecks and Shakas Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pm- 4.00 pm Exhibition Coins of ICushans/Gupta/Post Gupta Valedictory Function /Feedback and Summing up Deliberations • ■ ANNEXURE-II TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTS Prof. Sita Ram Dubey Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221002 Prof Amar Singh Dept. of History Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh (Haryana) Pin; 123031 Phone: 9416865821 Email: [email protected] Prof R.C. Thakran Deptt.of History, ■ • University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110007 ' ' Prof. La.Kman. S. Thakur - ■ - - Department of History Himachal Pardesh University Shimla(H.P.)-171005 Dr. AmiieshwarJha Director Indian Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies Nasik ProfSusmitaBasuMazumdar, . ^Dept. ofAlHC & A University of Calcutta Calcutta Prof O.N. Singh ■ ■ Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221002 Prof. Manmohan Kumar (Retd.) Dept. of History M.D.U., Rohtak (Haryana) Prof. Suman Jain Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221002 Dr. Rajesh Purohita Director National Museum Calcutta Dr. Danish Moin It Associate Professor Dept. of History Mauiana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad Telengana, India Rangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India 09527996163 \ Dr. SutapaSinha Associate Professor University of Calcutta, Department of Islamic History and Culture 15/2/4, Jheel Road, Flat N2 1st Floor, Sweetland Kolkatta-700075 Prof. N.K. Ojha Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh Prof. AshviniAgrawal Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & . ..chaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh Prof. Mahesh Sharma Deptt.of Evening Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh Dr. ParuBalSidhu Dept. ofAIHC&A Panjab University Chandigarh Dr. Ashish Kumar Dept. of History Panjab University Chandigarh Prof. DavendraHanda House No. 1401, PUSHPAC COMPLEX Sector 49 B, Chandigarh 160047 Dr. Banani Bhattacharya Government Museum and Art Gallery Sector 10, Chandigarh Mr. Harbinder Singh Saggu (Joint Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta) Mr. Smaran Kumar Dass Aniliated with Numismatic Society of Calcutta Mr. Ravi Shankar Sharma (Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta Mr.Anup Kumar Mitra Former President ofNumis Society of Calcutta Space No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2'"^ Floor, 15 NelieSenguptaSarani, Kolkalta West Bengal 70087 [email protected] Key Note Speaker Dr. AmiteshwarJha,Director, Ina.an Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies, Nasik has kindly agreed to speak on the topic From Anonymous to identifiable Beginning of inscribed indigenous Coins of India as per telephonic talk. ABSTRACT IndorKhera: A Numismatic Construct Dr. ParuBalSidhu, Associate Professor Department of Ancient Indian History Culture& Archaeology • Panjab University, Chandigarh The site of IndorKhera is located in the Anupshahr tehsil of district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh. IndorKheralies between the river Kali Nadi and the Ganges. Investigations of IndorKhera and three adjoining mounds of Kundanpura, Ahirpura and Vaidya-pura were initiated as early as 1874-75 by A.C.L. Carrlayle. More recent survey and excavation of the site was undertaken from 2004-2010. Numerous artefacts, ecofacts and structures were unearthed in the exr"'orations and excavations with numismatic evidence being a very important component of the earlier and more recent work at the site. The settlements occupational history stretches from 1000 B.C. to thirteentli/fourteenth centuries A.D. The earliest coins from the site also punch-marked coins. The site also yielded Kushan, Gupta and Early Medieval period coins. This rich plethora of numismatic evidence has corroborated the artefactual and structural evidence in constructing the history of an important settlement in the upper Gangetic plain from the early historic period onwards. Prof.SusmitaBasuMazumdar, Dept. of AIHC & A University of Calcutta Calcutta As per telephonic talk she will speak on "Probe into the Non issues in Numismatics". She is an expert in the field of Numismatics. 53 Dr. BenudharaPatra As per telephonic talk Dr. Patn- ill speak on Numismatics and the Maritime trade on the East coast of India during the ancient period. Prof. Amar Singh (Retd. from MDU, Rohtak) As per telephonic talk Prof. Amar Singh will speak on "Indian Tradition and Archaeology" Dr. Banani Bhattacharyya Dy. Director Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana Symbols in Yaudheya Coins recovered from Haryana. Abstract Yaudheyaswere the famous tribal republic of ancient India. They derived their name fromthe word yudha which means [UTF-8?]a€~wara€™ and accordingly Yaudheya means a class ofwarriors. The earliest reference to these people is available in the [UTF-8?]Paninla€™sAstadhyayi where they have been mentioned as an ayudhajivlsangha, I.e. apeople living by profession of arms. There are several Indian literature wherethey have been mentioned in several times. The Yaudheyas formed in the land between the Indus river andthe Gan-=es river called., 'Bahudhanyaka': with their capital in Khokrakot(Rohtak) in Haryana. Inti.e Mahabharata, the land Bahudhanyaka is stated to be among the countriessubjugated by Nakula, the fourth Pandava in his conquest.Bahudhanyaka y/as the first to fall in Nakulas in of the western directiontoward Sakastan, which agrees with the Rohtak- Hisararea. Thecoins of the Yaudheyas are found almost all over the region of Haryana, ■ Punjab,Himachal Pradesh Western Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Perhaps Haryana'is'theonly state in India where maximum number of sites has yielded Yaudheyacoins.These coins are made of copper. All the Yaudheya coins range from 2nd centuryB.C. to 3rd-4th century A.D. Laxman S Thakur Shimla Representation of Architectural Edifices on Some Janapada Coins and their Comparison with the Surviving Remnants Ah:;tfact The paper tries to Interpret the form and variety of structures appearing on some coins of the Audumbara and Tvlgartajanapadas. A number of interpretations have been offered on these structures by several scholars, including Alexander Cunningham, R. D. Banerji, John Allan, V. A. Smith, A. K. Codmaraswamy among others, but largely their exact identifications remain unclear. The paper, illustrates .some of the wxisting edifices in the western Himalayan region with those appearing on the Audumbara and Trigarta coins and offers a comparative analysis i SI-' Professor G.C.Chauhan DES-MDRC.P.U. Chandicarh Ancient Indian Coins and the Theory of Indian Feudalism Abstract Coins are one of the most significant sources of information from which archaeologists and historians can try to interpret the £ .ent Indian past. Coins offer a paradigm of evidence and it Is partly because, unlike most other ancient artifacts, they are often stamped v/ith words, images and symbols. Ancient Indian coins conjure up marketplaces along the Silk Road, the trade route that connected the East and west. A j I XV'.'- Urbanization in Punjab : Archaeological, Sigillographic and Numismatic Evidences It is doubtful if there was any urbanization during the so called first urbanization in Punjab but the second urbanization, though mainly concentrated in Ganga-Yamuna doab, had its impact in the present day Panjab. This tranformed the rural culture into the urbanized centres leading to the urbanization. Numismatic evidences provide us deep insight into the urbanization of a particular area. These evidences are far more important when there is a dearth of other archaeological data. Oftenly we f af. that excavations are conducted but no detailed reports are published and Punjab is a classic example of this apathy. In such a scenario, the numismatic evidences become more important. Discovery of coins from explorations and their occurrence from stratified deposits during excavations have their immense value. Stray finds, hoards, treasure trove etc., have their own role in the rural and urban economy of a region. c Panjab is such region where there are a large number of coin bearing sites and these researches have been documented by the researchers. Earlier Cunningham, Rodgers, Stacy and hosts of European writers have collected coins from Punjab and at time listed their provenance. This data coupled with archaeological, sigilgraphical, palaeo bc,.,tnical and literary evidences can help us to study the urbanization in a holistic manner. Prof. Manmohan Kumar M.D.U., Rohtak Prcf. DevanderHanda (Retd. from Dept. of O&A, Panjab University, Chandigarh) As per telephonic talk Prof. DevanderHanda will speak on "Coins from Harayana" Annexure-I Dalry No;-. Institute / University Account Petails:- CFMS No:-.. I.. • j'/-i " A. NAME'OF THE PI, TITLE'& FILE NO.' NAME OF ■ THE ACCOUNT. the Registrar HOLDER/DESIGNATION tv, COMPLETE CONTAa ADDRESS- '' Panjab-. University, - Sector-14 V •• Chandigsrh-160014 TELEPHONE NUMBER/FAX/EMAIL 0172-2541716. 2534867 fax:. 0172-; 2783335 - - PAN NUMBER 1 ■. _ AAAJP0325R [email protected] ^ . ■■ -A. ■ .. . '. '■ ■ ■ . ■ v; HJ *, B, BANK ACGOUNT DETAiLS- ■ . J . .■P-: " I'.S it'V . BANK NAm;e'5;M . - State Bank of India ' BRANCH _NAME)wITH COMPLETE ADDRESS, SB!, Panjab UniversityXarnpus Sector- TELEPHONE NUMBER AND EMAlb " ' ^ 14,'Chandigarh-160014 ;tYPE , OF::r^r,,.,.BANK^ - i^CCOUNT Plans/Scheme/Projects - O- : flK b :fSB/CURRENT/CASH'CREDlf WITH 10/11/13)' ' 36977803002 Saving A/C ^COMPLETE BANK" ACCOUNT NUMBER (NEW)' 36977803002 •-h HV .1 RTGS/IFSC CODEOF THE BRANCH^ •• ' SB! Nda00742 ' ' ' , a ^MICRCode./M f ■ iBopq2ba9' , /! are correct and cornplete. 11 , ' { . ^ 1' • 1 J. > !•. Date: '• Signature of thgcwojWW^t Aut oftbe 'v v ' i ,V'jo '' Institute in whfiSSib&m'fi .• '.rrd', . 'v: - mg *• ^ V * V. < . Released " ; :• } ^ are correct as per our reconds i , I ' ' ' '1^ '■ "Dale: / ' -'■ ; Signauirc of the Xtffiyi&O^ ■ ■■-- L, ' .'-siW/k" . Bank (with Bank'sv^^ftfrtt^i^l- ' .- - • , • ?••' 5/./ ^ - . "V ^4 rir'ilTar 'r S l I°I ' I o 4 From Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Department, Chandigarh. To •Vfhe Director, Archaeology & Museums Deptt.Haryana, I 'j Chandigarh. - 0[^^^0 Memo No.l8/10-2012-Pura/ '9^ ^2-,/ oSl^hc ^ Subject: Administrative approval of Rs.3.00/-Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) Sanction of Governor of Haryana is hereby accorded for the incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'NumismaticsiStudy and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account after receiving account details. The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub - Head Tublication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 10.12.2018 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated: A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. '•. 2. Tresury Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Chairperson,Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh with request to provide complete bank detail immedietaly. AccountTOfficer for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, c^2-A,rchaeology and Museums Deptt. Ci 562 From Additional Chief Secretary to Govt.,' Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Department, Chandigarh. To The Director, Archaeology & Museums Deptt.Haryana, Chandigarh. Memo No.l8/10-2012-Pura/q-^qS'9 6 Dated: Subject: Administrative approval of Rs.3.00/-Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) Sanction of Governor of Haryana is hereby accorded for the incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00/-Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics:Study SidTlesearch' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account after receiving account details. The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub - Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 10.12.2018 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated: 08 |o| ||«} A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action:- ■1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. Tresury Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Chairperson,Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh with request to provide complete bank detail immedietaly. y AccountgTjfficer ^4br Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS,HARYANA. CHANDIGARH ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPER Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account The Registrar 2. Name of Banlc: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PANNo.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MICRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major-Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 13 .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-20I2-Pura/S^Gu Dated: A copy of the above is fomarded to the following for information and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Bill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office Accounts for Additional Chief SecretaiytS Gbvt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. /r ^ DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS.HARYANA. CHANDIGARH ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPER Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account.: The Registrar 2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PAN No.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MICRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated: A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Bill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office Accounts Officer for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. 6*1 ^ > DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS,HARYANA, CHANDIGARH ^ ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPER Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incuiTing of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account.: The Registrar 2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PAN No.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MICRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS DatecUT^.02.20 \9y/ for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, V Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/'5^^ Dated: A copy of the above is forwarded to the fiSTfowmg for information and necessary action:- -^yrC^ccountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Bill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office Accounts for Additional Chief Secretary t\ Govt., Haryana, ^Archaeology and Mus^ms Deptt. LS 4 DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS.HARYANA, CHANDIGARH ^ ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-20I2-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPER Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account.: The Registrar 2. Name of Bank:- SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PANNo.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MICRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 13 .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/-5"c3o^-to5ijcsg- Dated: A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Bill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office Accoun^^ffl^ for Additional Chief Secr^taJy Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. 574 4 DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS.HARYANA. CHANDIGARH A \ ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFRVol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account.: The Registrar 2. Name of Bank: SBl, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PAN No.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MICRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring ~ Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 13.02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/5'^(rrf '40^1^3 Dated: f 5 A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessai7 action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. ^_3^^^ill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office Accounts-^ffisii^i^ for Additional Chief Secretarym^ Haryana, .Archaeology and Mus^ms Deptt. Cn * , DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA, CHANDIGARH \ ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFR Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name ofAccount.; The Registrar 2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PANNo.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MICRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 13 .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretaiy to Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated: A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for infomation and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Bill Assistant of this office. \ ^,4<^ashier of this office ^ Accoun'i^ for Additional Chief SecretarjU^^Govt., Haryana, Archaeology and'.Museums Deptt. (To be substituted bearing the same No. and Date) DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS,HARYANA, CHANDIGARH ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFR Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on '"Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Departihent of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account.: The Registrar 2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh- 160014. 3. Account No.: 36977803002 4. PANNo.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MlCRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Noh Recuixing -- Excavation/Exploration Programme Sub -Head 'O.E' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Kliandelwal, IAS Dated: 23.02.2019 Additional Chief Secretaiy to Govt, Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/5204-5207 Dated:18.02.19/25.02.2019 A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chajidigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. 3. Bill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office j A.ccountkj y ^for Additional Chief SecretanU:e'0t5^., Haryana, ^ - Archaeology and Museums Deptt. f^iwr, dRiiiuii, 3TT^ 'tps 'Wl, tWc'^-IO, q"-SMI(f i W Tf, ^ TTcf fm iWr, ^Ri|l"ll, w#fT^ I - 18/10-2018-^/ f^:- R^lim ycblf^ld efT^ I :f: ;}J :i< H< 5{« >!« viM^Jlcfrl ^ arg/Vq- t 1% fcTiTFT ^ 26.02.2019 ^ 28.02.19 rPI? ^i/yHviT STT^W, ■jiid! ■§ i ■§"'<10 11 ■ff ■qqw^ R^iim 'cfil' 5fd0 5Pi0 ''i 11-01 'ct v^nwT ^HHNii iq^ ^ wrfiRT ^icii^ 01 ■0^ 0^ 1 pllvf <^\/ch}\Ser,xej^ bia^ fUtaceJ-:^ Pl^^l0, ^llclol TTcf llil§leiij L')£■^ 7^CuJ\ejM ^ FR^TFIT, -clu-^Od | ■CS J-K ^£..]-itA0-e^ Xo ^frcc. ifY o^i^imnaJ ^ W-- m^. y J • "- f ♦♦' "1 r^r triAIi bOrss FuE n ri liiPO'i riEG!5YF.AYi:C;Mi _ Invitation to i'or Sludciits./Rciicai'tii Scholars ^T^ree C^orkshop Im' Faculty iMcmocrs Sh. Manohar Lai Chief Minister, Haryano 0)1 RegisLiaLiou l uc Includes CerliHcatc ol' c^^umismatics: Q&tiidp ard (^^'earch Subject Advertisctncnt of workshop archaeology and Museum Name of Occasion Advertisement of workshop archaeology and Museum Date of Release 22-02-2019 Date of Publication 23-02-2019 Name of Client INFORMATION,DEPARTMENT,H PUBLICARYANA RELATIONS AND LANGUAGES It is submitted that advertisement section has received a colored advenisemcnt from the office of archaeologj' and Museum through print media section with the request Remarks to publish the the advertisement on 23-02-2019. The design of the advertisement has been prepared by the print media section and a proposed media plan as per the requirement of the client department and as directed has been prepared and is placed below for approval/sanction please. Cfflqr Color Total Newspaper Rate Size Amount SrNo B&W Extra Amount English I Indian Express.DeIhi/Chd 87.69 561 49,194.09 Color 19,677.63 68,871.72 2 The Tnbune,Chandigarh/Jalandhar 123.78 561 69,440.58 Color 27,776.23 97,216.81 Hindi Dainik 257.09 561 1,44,227.49 Color 57,690.99 2,01,918.48 3 Bhaskar,Chd./HsrJPpt./Fbd./Rwr./Rtk. 4 Dainik Jagrao,Delhi/Chandigarh 231.81 561 1,30,045.41 Color 52,018.16 1,82,063.57 5 Dainik IVibune,Chandigarh 12.47 561 6,995.67 Color 2,798.26 9,793.93 Grand Total 3,99,903.24 1,59,961.29 5,59,864.53 Expenditure Details Amount ? 5,59,864.53 ? 5,87,858.00 (Rupees Five Lakh Eighty Seven Thousands Total( Amount + GST 5%) Eight Hundred Fifty Eight Only) "2220-InfomialloD and Publicity-60 Others-103 Press Funds available under budget head Information Services- 08-Advertising •& Publicity" for the year-2018-2019. V ■^RrqTorr, ■mxMto Tj^' ft?qfcrOT<5RT ?raTT T^fa6iRit?> 3i^^'t7Fr qif ^ STFTfft WzfhT ^ f^'dp 26 ^ 28 ^ Wqirq qq arraluFi l^i q*^ # ftraqn q^ IVrf"^ 26 2019 ^ qin: 10.00 ^0 ^ora" YM SrPFq -STTfeifl"!^^, q^rq fq^qf^en^q, qTi"-^Yq^ bY^t t I ^qrf^ nelqq qT>n" f^ qq f f^Tm" ^ qn-ft •3Tf^!(t)i'Yi/q>4-ciKY qsw aiif^clRqq # "gqg" 9.00 ftq^^ 3rtq snq rrfr sir^qiY ?fq^ q"^' 1 qrifV 3i!^iqq^/"c^~if^qfr qi^^iqysf q->q qr? 1 6rt^ 'jg^rajTW" viqPi^ijiqj qqicTcq qn-fr JTI rft/"EfrfiTfTfr (?v^ V ,tC''V^" \v ',5 © <^cy/ ?v- n/ :is % r^ kM-<^ ' 13 ^rw f^r^TFT, ^R^iu|[, ^S{li rsvjll^'l fsTfe^, - ^fcIFRT x^ ^'^IdccJ Mvj1ls| ^qfqejlcid, 'cpziW^' I cFff^ 18/10-2012- "5^/ 6o^9 ^- )^lsl}Oi f^W: 3.00 eTR^ ^ RT% ^ dqq'iRlcll ^FTM 1 xjxRWd" fcl^^ C^ if I ^ Rr^rm" ^ ^ttxrrt x^ ^ ■fexrf^ 25.02.2019 3.00 RTR^ Rri% "^T ^ 01" I 3T01" ?f^ STN ^RT ^ RTftr ^ viMdlRicll mM xq^ ^ ^XJTT XT^ f I t 3.00 RRsT ^ RTf^ ^ vciMdlRmi OTTxxy x:R[ 0^ ^ ^ I ■^; Pl^^lcb, ^/RTRT RmPT, ^Rd|U||, du^JIci ■ S' O.-MryNo;- ^ IhI^'a pa^S No:- , ^ % > /.^..cii/^i^ Gmsil BANANl BHATTACHARYYA Utilisation Certificate 1 message chairperson_aihca Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh Dear Madam, I am enclosing herewith the Utilisation Certificate of three day workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'. Prof. Renu Thakur Chairperson Utilisation Certificate.jpg 42K ij, jVv* •s* » 'U , I '•/ ij .\l! l I - .XX/S'M N.\M!"nr Tin \K\ 1 1n ;i- • -p-vn.vv. i:\ivi Ksi i i . i i i ■, ; { L^nn/ATtoNrRniHCAi J' V'"l, -a', i,: M . (h- , VIUJ, a,„! Iv, IV,., ,,r Av.c: l.-t,.,, _ itibion U.lHtK, &u|d,;,cnl,v>, I'anjib lll.vrnily, .-ibi, |,.,;cr Ii., I VIII. •-■.•- -r r- ;tii;-Pu,uV2«.5: „al ,„„! .h.bi.lvKc .»<1|.UJ!!: i>\ [<.. . ^.. Ml,"••III, ita ihm \ haNt- nv.s.irih,.! iK: mont.". .. ■ .. -J. ^■"V^srara. ., ,, : ,(.,/. K - ..... '• " I J .. T. IW , . ■ ■'• — .'I "•. .•• — • - 1-^ . .. . r,toi.obl«r[XT"S[i ,uU, :i. 'M'n .It; a; . .. • ••.■ •■ •■ ■•; ■■ -; • r ■■ • ' • i- ^ ■ ■• ■••• . ,M ^ ' .■■ i •• I ;.. ,,J,V4| .'f.. ..w.r .--v.. ■1 I-!-.'--;-..:., : ■ ■■ v ■•• -■» - .-'■!——f.' ' • • 434 From Director, Archaeology & Museums, Department, Haryana, Chandigarh. To The Pricipal Accountant General, Haryana, Chadigarh. Memo No. 18/10-2012- Pura/^flS" Dated: 2.5-j o 6 Subject: Utilization certificate of Rs. 3.00 Lacs. Kindly reference to the subject cited above. A sum of Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) was sanctioned to Chairperson, Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh in connection with thi'ee days workshop on Numismatics 'Study and Research' vide sanction. No. 18/10-2012- Pura/ 5204- 5207 dated 18.02.2019. In this conncection, the copy of utilization certificate received from Chairperson, Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh is sent herewith for your kind perusals. A Deputy Director Director, Archaeology & Museums, Haryana, Chandigarh. r '-77^ 4,^1 dec] TTcf f^wr, sRill^il, 3Tr areqar Wl4"l-1 'TKdld §R|6K1 cRTra f?i"?cil?isiira'i) I 1 zirl?; 18/10-2012-pura/ :- I'Xoi^ f^; , 85/\W^ ^ ^IcfTPTT ^?Tftr 1^|\Jic|lA eflt I Rlld ^^ f^'TFT Rwr sTRT 2,99,915 ^ ^TwrPtdT OTFT tr5[ ■iWr w t Harr ^ ^ 85/-Wq t 3R[f?rj RrfFi- anWT 3.00 ^ 51^ iri afl I 31?T: ?T4 \!Tfll 85/-'?')^ '^jT ^ *!1i)6Md R'^HI'I ifeTMT ^ ^ i\t^ f^r^TETFr ^r W TTtRj 3It1%^ 31Tq% % W W ^ I Ptci^icf), H,^iac4 ^ '411)eicid R'-hmi, ^Rdiuil, -c|^-llJ|(i I t>siry No:v.l..'.?.5.?^.f 1^. o JP?ift/ The Ditector PrY(U-h^ Archaea and 6\ /firyci,.^ OlkA€J r-'jfje.-.^ :- Utilization Certificate of Rs. 3 Lakh. ^ 4. Reference yourj^iemo No. 18/10-20'l2;Pura/7495 dated 25 06-20.19 on ihc i^ubjecl ciled above. f^lease arrange to supf^;; voucher no .-;•' .? (late vide v^'hi :n the amount was drav^^n urgenU' s' that UCcouid be posted in the record of thi.s-?ff .sr.-. /> Accounts Ofucer (Oep iw.',' w \ From The Director, Archaeology & Museums Department, Haryana, Art-Design Building Sector-10, Chandigarh. To The Accountant General(A&E) Haryana, Lelcha Bhawan, Plot No. 4&5, Sector 33-B, Chandigarh. Memo No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated; Subject: Utilization Certificate of Rs.3.00 Lakh Refer to your letter No. Deposit/2205/uc^ouch No./227 Dated 14 August 2019 the subject cited above. Please find tl^ctail o^closed the copy of T.V. No. and Sanction the detail of which is as under:- 1. Sanction No. 18/10-2019-Pura/5204-5207 Dated: 18.02.19/25.02.2019 2. Amount^ 3.00 Lakh 3. T.V. No. 000048 Dated 28.02.2019. It is for your kind information please. [\ / Account Officer ^lor Director Archaeology & Museums, Haryana, Chandigarh. I (To be substituted bearing the same No. and Date) DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA, CHANDIGARH - ORDER In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96 dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFR Vol. 1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three days workshop On 'Numismatics: Study and Research' by the Departrhent of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail given below:- 1. Name of Account.: The Registrar 2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh- 160014. 3. Account No.; 36977803002. - 4. PANNo.:AAAJP0325R 5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742 6. MJCRCode: 160002009 The charges will be debit able toThe Major Head '2205-Art & Culture- 103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring'- Excavation/Exploration Programme Sub -Head 'O.E' during the year 2018-19. Dheera Khandelwal, IAS Dated: 23.02.2019 Additional Chief Secretary to Go vt., Haryana, Archaeology and Museums Deptt. EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/5204-5207 Dated:18.02.19/25.02.2019 A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and necessary action:- 1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. 2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh. j. Bill Assistant of this office. 4. Cashier of this office Accounts'^^i^^ ^for Additional Chief SecretanUo-GS^., Haryana, ^^ - Archaeology and Museums Deptt. |C DTO-STO-DDO; 03002306 DDO Name; Anil Kumar Dhingra BILL STATUS REPORT D^DO Address: Chandigarh VOUCHER MONTH WISE REPORT Date of Print: 14/08/2019 3:34:23 PM OM2-2205-51-103-95.51.N.V. 2018.19-0323 0012^ 1^0300139043 oteaJon/Preservation Account prepared JvelopmentofAndenl 2018.19.033S 002072 [0300139448 onumentsSites-NA Account prepared 500000 2018-19-0338 000032 21/07/iq 92ot -Energyc .Chg 500000 j0300339448 Account prepared 64124 00003S 64124 2018-19-0342 002077 2V02/19 69 -ConiSer 0300139448 Account prepared 928868 c^- 000036 920998 2018-19.0343 002078 21/02/19 04-TE 7870 15740 03.00139448 6692 Account prepared 000037 6692 2018-19-0345 002080 21/02/19 05-OE 0300139448 Account prepared 1157 00(M38 1157 7 20lC.if>.03S0 002083 21/02/19 69 -ConiSer 0300139448 25229 Account prepared' "" 000041 25229 2018-19-0352 00271/ 21/02/19 34 -OC 0300139728 19549 Account prepared l-- 19549 2018-19-0354 002719 |03Q0139728 000045 28/02/19 02 -Wagiis 23014 ^couni prepared 000047 23014 000 Scheme total 69 -ContSer 1094436 I-12-2205-51-103-97-99-N.V. 1075889 2018-19-0322 18547 18548 lication & Publicity Prorrammc- 03001386SS 2791081 rrnation Technology ■'ni8.i9.n3pp 2722098 41431 — Ll u/ .j'ubii-oi 27SS2 34288 Cscoij-ua/ 48238 93194 S228 jM50..S, |,v.ne Toicii r -■2C-'5;.M03-;'8-s. ■•••i? 03:; iVdtiO ■ '■ iii-s;-- -••u3i I""!. N./,. •• |0u./C2/i9 I o.'i;": 03iin:;,c, ■''y,y..io-Q2 !6 IX: 1-;--'■02/19 4.3 p 0I .-59.57 2018-19-0357 003374 0300139^ irVQft lOOV'J .DDO Scheme Total pS-OE J 300000 l2-22O5-SMO3.99.Sj.fj y. 300000 tion Adrrui.-NA 2018-19-0].22-02 00386: 0300335564 Accourit prepared 363S91 000001 353877 2018-19-01-25-02 004]S3 01/02/19 01 -Salary 9714 030013858'! 'Account prepared 472SO 000006 47250 2018-19-01 21 01 004154 01/02/19 01 -Salary 03001J8S84 Account prepared 105621 47250 0(10007 bOlOl vf 25000 2018-19.02 22 m CCWI 01/02/19 01 -Sdidiy 20520 420 030Lrj;38.S84 Accouni prepared 65878 96900 8721 000008 33859 2018-1901-23 02 O04156 01/02/19 01 -Sdlar^ 26959 bU60 030013S584 Account prepa-ed 628380 60910 496S 000009 383966 209843 2018-19-0245 000236 01/02/19 01-Salary 34571 303 0300138688 Account prepared 177171 579537 48843 000016 (06/02/19 146182 8607 2018-19O334 0014S5 04 -IP 22382 0300139187 Account prepared 31688 163500 1367] 000031 21688 1018-19-0333 002073 15/02/19 67 -MR 0300139448 Account prepared 6439 000033 6439 2018-19 0339 21/02/19 67-MR p300l39Jd8 Account prepared 70250 0(XO34 20250 2018-15-034Q 002082 j030O139448 21/02/19 04-TE 3100 Account prepared 3100 000040 •21/02/19 12 -Sch.St prici i7Q7 10/7/2019 ^Gma^- •, Ajj^cationA for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop 4* CFWS Archaeology Haryana To;chairperson_aihca Departr^ent of Ancient Indian History. Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh n -0 The Director Department of Archaeology & Museums. Haryana Art & Design Building. Sector-10, Chandigarh Subject: Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop. i)i)^ Sir. pj-'^ The Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeoloov Paniah 0 IdPnfS' organizing a two day workshop on "Prehistoric Tiols- andonH 11^Museums Haryana.Documentation" Chandigarh in coliaboralion in the month tAjthof November, the department of Archaecloav^ /ti) 0^ fincn^- I f^'Stance Of Rs.tOO.OOOthis event /-.in theThe Department students of we the request department you to wS qrant immensely benefited by this workshop. Hope to receive a positive response in this regard from your goodself. Yours faithfully, End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur). Chairperson ftWT, ^ A sfKiar -m^ Hu116| fcf^ RtlM-M, P^'^^ICp ^nR jfPTt^: 18/10-2012-^/*^^^ / 6 I ^ 0 I I ^ f^: chiJj^iMi armtte w^ ch>dcii^ ^ *i|c:^«i|i******«)|i>tt*>|c*)|c vi4viVd IR 3nqc^ ^o Tjol 04.010.2019 | 3TT^ fcPTFT EfRT 3l|i|lRild ^ ^ cU^ ^iJ^lldl c^ f^HlelRad ^iTefST cfJW^ cfH cfj^ =15^:- 1. atldll^d ^ ^^ yWlRd ctilJiJIIdl f^ ^ 6|vi1C cpT MmdN ■§■ I 2. w>idiRd *i4^iidi ^ cf?f^ ^ Mw 3TT ^ # I 3. 4,|4^IMI ^fTT6ff?tJ?T fcm ^ ^ f?tmf5flff 5M WT ^SIT^fTTI 4. H>(diRd dp\^m qyf ^ cf?^ i / 0/23/2019 Gmail-Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop. (jV)n • w No:-. Archaeology Haryana Department of Ancient Indian History. Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University,Chandigarh-160014 To The Director Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana, Art & Design Building, Sector-10, Chandigarh Subject: Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop. Sir, As desired i am sending you the desired information: 1. Total amount of Rs. 1,50,000/- is required for organising this Workshop. 2. List of Participantsjsp takers Dr. S.B. Ota, Former Joint Director, Archaeoiogical Survey of India, Madhya Pradesh Dr. Parth Chauhan , USER, Mohall Dr. Kewal Kirshan, Dept. of Anthropology Prof. G.C. Mohapatra, Former Professor & head Dept. of AIHC&A, P.U., Chandigarh 3. Total 80 Students will participate in this workshop. 4. The detailed programme is enclosed for your perusal. Yours faithfully. Prof. Renu Thakur Chairperson PROGRAMME OF THE TWO DAY WORKSHOP.docx ~ 18K g5- PROGRAMME OF THE TWO PAY WORKSHOP On "Prehistoric Tools: Identification and Documentation" Organize by Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology in collaboration with Department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana VENUE: Golden Jubilee Hall, Panjab University, Chandigarh November 20,2019 9.30 Onwards Registration 10.00 A.M. Lighting of a Lamp 10.05 A.M. Welcome of the Participants (Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu) Theme of the Workshop (Dr. Renu Thakur) 10.15 A.M. Inaugural Address by the Vice-Chancellor 10.25 A.M. Address by Smt. Dheera Kandelwal, IAS Additional Chief Secretary to Govt, Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana 10.35 A.M. Address by Shri Ravi Prakash Gupta, IAS, Director, Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana 10.45 A.M. Address by Dr. S.B.Ota (Former Joint Director, Archaeological Survey of India) 11.05 A.M. Presentation of Mementoes 11.15 A.M. Vote of Thanks(Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu) 11.30 A.M. Tea Academic Session - 1 12.00 P.M. Special lecture by Dr. S.B. Ota 1.00 P.M. Lunch Academic Session - II 2.00 P.M. Special Lecture by Dr. Parth Chauhan, USER, Mohali 2.40 P.M.-4.00 P.M. Practical Session on Identification of Stone tools 4.00 P.M. Tea Venue: Departmental Museum November 21, 2019 10.00 A.M.- 11.30 Practical Session on Documentation and Drawing of Stone A.M. Tools 11.30 A.M. Tea 12.00 P.M. Special Lecture by Dr. Kewal Krishan, Dept. Of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 1.00 P.M. Lunch 2.00 P.M. Practical Session on Stone Knapping 3.00 P.M. Students Feedback 3.20 P.M. Concluding remarks by Prof. G.C. Mohapatra 3.40 P.M. Report of the two day Workshop by Prof. Renu Thakur 4.00 P.M. Vote of thanks by Dr. Banani Bhattacharyya, Dy. Director, Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana 4.15 P.M Tea INTRODUCTION TO THE THEME OF A THREE DAY WORKSHOP NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH RENU THAKUR The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh has organized a three-day workshop on ... 'Numismatics: Study and Research' in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana, Chandigarh and ICHR New Delhi. The idea of the present workshop was conceived by us for furthering research and study in the field of numismatics .The numismatics is the study of coins which not only includes physical features but to study them as historical objects and thus a source of history. The story of coins is interwoven with the history of mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families grouped them into communities. Bach community developed its own life style and established exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initially exchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coins go back to the 600 BCE. The number of terms in our literary texts such as Karshapana, Nishka, Suvarna inform us about existence of metal pieces of some weight standard. The journey of making coins provides us an interesting panorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an important information on the histoi7 of the period. Their provenance, devices, legends, meteorology and minting technique of coins help us to have insights into important developments .The evolution and development of various minting techniques is a very fascinating story. The mark or marks upon the coin certified and categorized it as an original coin. The appointment of Lakshanadyaksha and Rupadarshaka was made, to inspect the minting of coins. Initially it was difficult dating the coins as no legend and date was put on the coin and thus these were dated on the basis of aesthetic preconceptions. The difficulty of this approach was its apparent subjectivity both in labelling the style and identifying its producer. No doubt the style is useful for the numismatist but the approach must be descriptive rather than judgmental. The date on the coins precisely brought end to such attributions and gave absolute clue to the date. This was made possible by the Western Kshatrapas. The coinage of the Kushanas and Guptas stand apart in design and complexity as true masterpieces and work of art.These were mainly stuck in gold, silver, copper and lead. The innovative coin designs and evolution of different iconographic imageries influenced coins of these dynasties. However some of the issues related to their coins need to be carefully looked into to understand them in the light of new data at our disposal." The dismal picture of the post Gupta period had been conjured up by scholars on the basis of paucity of coinage during the period characterized by the } - 3 - / feudalizatioR, decline of trade and village self-sufficiency, presently which is no longer accepted. Through this workshop we would like to be informed on the validity of such arguments and assumptions. The rigorous study of epigraphs, literature and museum holdings can throw light on the number of coins and how sustained constriction in the supplies of metal affected the situation. The apathy of administration towards minting of coins changed with the political supremacy attained by the Islamic power in the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. The promulgation of Khutba on the coins indicated establishment of the sovereignty. This was followed by the gorgeous coins produced by the great Mughals .The muhars , rupayiya and dams were produced by them. Their mints maintained high purity of metals. The principal medium of currency was not gold but it continued to be used along with other metals. The tradition of minting coins in different metals eontinued by the Ahoms, Vijayanagar empire, the Sikhs, the Portuguese, the Dutch, the French and the English on the Mughal coins. The regulation of curreney was aehieved by the Act xxi and xxii of 1835 and 1844 respectively. The weight, shape, size and fineness of various issues were standardized. The uniformity of pietorial devices, shape and weight could be achieved because of technological advancement.. The manufacturing of plastic money has further brought revolutionary changes in the eeonomy of the present times. The gold and silver coins are presently the treasure of collectors, a source of information to the students and are also stored as bullions .Their captivating beauty radiates an enticing chanii. We hope this endeavor will help this discipline to grow further and encourage young students and researchers to value our rich heritage and report any coin find to the concerned authorities for documentation which can help us to address numismatic enigmas. During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancient times by experts of the Numismatic Society of Calcutta, established in 1985. This exhibition will create an awareness among students of school, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin-making traditions. From Anonymous to Identifiable: Beginning of Inscribed Indigenous Coins of India Amiteshwar Jha Abstract It is well-known that the earliest coins issued in India were silver Punchmarked coins. These coins are of different types and each had a distinct provenance. Traditionally, these 'Local' silver Punchniarked coins, as they are sometimes called, have been attributed to various Mahajanapadas (states), mentioned in the literature as existing in the time of Buddha, and were dated to c. 6'*^ century BCE. Now, however, it is generally agreed that that all these local or janapada (as they are generally called) Punclimarked coins were not issued at the same time. While some of these were issued in c. century BCE, others were later. The state of Magadha had started expanding its territories from century BCE and under the Nandas- Mauryas during century BCE, it created a big empire which was stretched over a big area in the subcontinent. Even this imperial power continued to issue coins in the same punchmarking tradition. The Imperial silver Punchmarked coins, as they are generally called, issued by the Magadha-Mauryan state are found almost all over the sub-continent and they perhaps continued to be be issued till c. 2"^ century BCE. Along with these silver coins, the Mauryans also issued copper coins made by casting technique which too perhaps continued to be issued till 2"^ century BCE or possibly later also. All these coins, however, were uninscribed which means that nothing was written on them. They only bore symbols and motifs. So they are in a sense anonymous, if one can say so. In the absence of any inscription on them, it is not possible to attribute them to any particular ruler or dynasty or state with any amount of certainty. In fact, even in the post- Mauryan period, at many places some uninscribed coins in the tradition of earlier coins, made by punching, casting and even die-striking techniques continued to be issued. Although on the basis of their find regions, they are ascribed to certain regions or state but they too are in a sense anonymous. This situation changed to some extent in the mid-S*^^ century BCE, and more particularly in 2"^^ century BCE and the following period. This happened when inscriptions began to be added to the coins as a result of which it became possible to identify the issuing ruler / authority of the coin. The first inscribed coins that were issued by the Bactrian-Greek rulers in the Bactria region from about 255-250 BCE were the first coins to be issued in the vicinity of Indian subcontinent. The Bactrian-Greeks had started extending their territories to the south of the Hindukush mountain range in the Indian subcontinent around the beginning of the 2"^ century BCE and from thereon we begin to find the inscribed and thus definitely identifiable coins issued by the Bactrian-Greek and Indo-Greek rulers. These coins are inscribed initially only in Greek script and the inscription gives the title and name of the king. Around this time only, two Indo-Greek rulers namely Agathocles (c. 190-180 BCE)and Pantaleon (c. 190-185 BCE)issued coins which were bilingual and bore inscriptions in two scripts - Greek and BrahmiJ So in the north-western part of the subcontinent these were perhaps the earliest or amongst the earliest coins issued with inscriptions written in Brahmi, the earliest script of India. Around the same time or a little later, another Indo- Greek ruler Apollodotus 11 (c. 180-160 BCE)issued coins bearing inscriptions in Greek and Kharoshthi scripts and from this period onwards such biscriptal coins continued to be issued for a long time in the north-west. It has been generally suggested that the use of inscriptions on indigenous Indian coins began as an influence of Bactrian-Greek and Indo-Greek coins. This may be true to some extent as some of the coins issued in c. 2"^-!'' century BCE by the so-called Tribal / Republican states in the hilly regions of northern India show the influence of Indo-Greek coins. But to say that the beginning of the use of inscriptions on all the inscribed post-Mauryan coins was as a result of the influence of Greek coins would be, in my view, too far-fetched. As is known, with the weakening of the Mauryan Empire and a little later after the Sungas, ■ during c. century BCE, many of the states which had earlier been subjugated by the Magadhan-Mauryan empire and some other smaller states /chieftaincies re-emerged on the political scene in the north and central India. This is actually revealed by the coins issued by these states bearing the name of rulers in Bralmii script and the find areas of these coins. During the same period, there are many coins found particularly from the central Indian region that bear the name of the city and these are generally described as City State Coins. Most of these cities were important urban / trade centre and located on the ancient trade routes. Now,there is no method for dating these coins as they do not bear any date. The only tool available to us is the palaeography -the style of the writing of Brahmi inscriptions. It is admitted that palaeography cannot be used as a foolproof dating system but it does definitely provides clues. So when one studies the indigenous inscribed coins that are generally labeled as Post- Mauryan Coins, one finds that while the forms of Brahmi letters and writing style on some of them bearing the name of rulers like Shivaghosha, Dharmapala, Indradeva, Isipala and some others, and names of cities like Madavika, Bhadravati, and so on are very similar to Brahmi letters seen on Ashokan inscriptions. This perhaps indicates that some of these coins were definitely issued towards the end of 3'"' century BCE or the beginning of I"'' century BCE. As some of these areas where these coins have been found were beyond the pale of early Greek influence, it could have an internal progressive development. On others the letter forms are a little later and closer to the forms seen on some post-Mauryan inscriptions. So many other coins were issued in 2"^ - century century BCE. The objective of this presentation and address was to acquaint the students particularly with these coins with very early palaeographic features, many of which are unpublished, and to impress upon them the need to work on coins of this period which have not been studied much. - ?■ Representation of Architectural Edifices on Some Janapada Coinage and their Comparison with the Surviving Remnants from the Western Himalaya LAXMAN S. THAKUR I am not a specialist in numismatics. However I encountered some instances of architectural edifices on the coins belonging to the janapadas that inhabited the north-western part of India. As a student of Indian architecture my interest increased many-fold when I studied Percy Brown's Indian Architecture: Hindu and Buddhist Periods wherein he drew immensely from the panels of Indian buildings carved on the gates of Bharhut, Sanchi, Bodhgaya, Amravati and other early Indian monuments. Equally important are the examples of edifices depicted on the janapada coins, especially those of the Audumbara and Trigarta. The main argument of this-brief presentation revolves on the identification of the edifices and how a number of scholars, who discovered these coins, and later scholars too have interpreted these structures differently. One of the key problems was that the staicture on the Audumbara coins was considered of a 'single-type' or 'variety' whereas that on the Trigarta coin was interpreted as.a 'four-tiered stupa'. Let me first discuss the diverse identifications of these structures depicted on the Audumbara coins. Alexander Cunningham identified the building as a 'point-roofed temple of two or three storeys with pillars {Archaeological Swvey Reports, XIV, p. 134; Coins of Ancient India, pi. IV, fig. 2).' R. D. Banerji also noticed similar structures on the Audumbra coins found from Irippal, Kangra ('A New Type of Audumbara Coinage', JPASB, vol. X, 1914, pp. 247-50). John Allan, who prepared a comprehensive catalogue of the coins in the collection of the British Museum, considered this structure to be a 'two-storied domed and pillared stupa' {Catalogue ofthe Coins ofAncient India, Ixxxiii, 122, pi. XV). V. A. Smith has published two coins attributed to some unspecified Audumbara king also have structures and identified as a 'building with a railing at foot, high roof with projecting eaves, apparently of thatch supported on pillars' ('Numismatic Notes and Novelties (Ancient and Medieval India)', JASB, vol. LXVI, no. 1, 1879, pp. 8-9, pi. 1, figs. XII, XIII). Anand Coomaraswamy also commented on the structures depicted on the coins published earlier by V. A. Smith. He suggested that the buildings could represent as 'railed (circular) pavilions with four and five pillars and domed ('thatched') roof with projecting eaves and small finials' {Histoiy ofIndian and Indonesian Art, p.'237, pi. XXX, figs. 116,117). P. L. Gupta has assigned these coins to Puru or Paurava and considered a building as a 'domed structure supported on four corners and a central pillars and suiTounded by a railing', Numismatic History ofHimachal Prasesh, pp. 22-4). K. P. Jayaswal considered it as a mote-hall. S. V. Sohoni, AJay'Mitra Shastri, J. N. Banerjea and A. S. Altekar are of the opinion that the structure depicted on the Audumbara coins is a Siva Temple. S. K. Chakraborthy regards -7- it a temple in Indo-Aryan style, i.e. Nagara style [JRASB, Letters, vol. II, no. 1 1936, Numismatic Supplement, no. XLVI. p. 67). On the basis of the coins collected by Cunningham, two coins published by Smith, two specimens of R. D. Banetji's collection from Irippal in Kangra district and specimen from J. P. Rawlins' collection, as published by John Allan in his catalogue, we noticed that these structures on coins exhibited at least four different types of buildings with the following architectural characteristics: 1. The structure no. I is in its simplest form with a single bhitta (plinth) with four pillars without capitals. Eaves are slightly projected beyond the walls and roof is pointed-a main feature of the hill buildings-later called 'himavan' in the vastusastras. 2. In structure no. 2 the basement is ornamented with railing and four pillars support the high domed roof with projecting eaves with a small fmial on the top of the roof. Such shapes can be formed by way of turning the bamboo or thatch. 3. Third structure has a plindi with railing. The conical roof is supported by four pillars having round or square capitals. 4. The fourth type of structure has primarily drawn the attention of many scholars because it appears frequently on the coins found from Irippal in Kangra. The uper structure goes up in two or three superimposed storeys like those of later pagoda temples. It is topped by finials. The notable feature of the depiction is the form of trisiila with an axe in the centre of - fo the shaft and a piece of cloth fluttering below. For this depiction, S.V. Sohoni has idctified it as a Saivite temple. P. L. Gupta has unnecessarily compared it as the rudiments of the south Indian (and, of course, of the early pan-Indian) sikliara temples. By suggesting sikhara perhaps he meant Nagara or Dravida? How can an artist visualize Dravidian vimana in the north-western part of India at a time when it had not appeared in south Indian architectural history? {See, Laxman S. Thakur, The Architectural Heritage ofHimachal Pradesh, pp.28-29, ftg 5). Before I make comparisons of these buildings with the surviving monuments from the western Himalaya let me also discuss a multi-tiered structure on the Trigarta coin. What is surprising to note is that at present we have only one coin of the Trigarta janapada, in the J.P. Rawlins collection of the British Museum (Allan CCAI, pp. cxxxix-cxl, 212, pi. XXIX, 10). Allan has identified it as a four-tiered stupa and P. L. Gupta as 'a four storeyed pillared structures' [sic]. A four-tiered structure seems very interesting considering the availability of similar multi-tiered pagoda temples and Buddhist monasteries in Himachal Pradesh. It is a wooden structure having four-superimposed tiers resting on wooden pillars. This type of building is certainly a proto-type of the subsequent pagoda temple available in the Himalayan areas from Kashmir to Nepal. I do agree with P. L. Gupta whether it represents 'a religious or a secular building' (P. L. Gupta, Numismatic Histoy of Himachal Pradesh, p.14). From the typology of these varied structures depicted on the" coins one cannot derive simple explanations. In any case they may depict either religious or vernacular -/y- buiidings, or both. One structure has received utmost attention and identified as a brahmanical temple dedicated to Siva because a (rishitla, parasu and a fluttering scarf (dhvaja) are depicted along the vertical line of the structure. Similar long shaft topped by a trishula and an axe also appear in the Shalri inscription attributed to Chandesvarahastin, a son of Isvarahastin, dated second half.of the fourth century AD (Laxman S Thakur, 'Shalri Rock Inscription of Chandesvarahastin Rediscovered', Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, seventy-fifth session, New Delhi, 2014, pp. 133-36). The architectural data available from these coins seem to be of considerable importance since there is insignificant number of surviving monuments from early period in the north-western part of India. Examples from the coins help us to trace the evolution of the later monuments, especially in the western Himalayan region. The Nandi mandapa at Nirmand looks like a stone replica of the Audumbara wooden structures. The pent-roofed structures, called 'Himavan' in the Vishnudharmottara Purana are all modelled according to the climate conditions of the hilly regions, having slanti.ig, peaked and superimposed roofs instead of flat ones. Multi-tried wooden structure depicted on the Trigarta coin is certainly a reminiscent of the later pagoda shrines of Himachal Pradesh such as the Dakliani Mahadeva temple, Nirmand; Lha-Khang Chenmo Buddhist temple, Ribba and the Manu Rishi temple, Shainsher and many more such examples. Coins at Sunet(Ludhiana, Punjab) also show similar structures erected over square columns supporting a horizontal beam and trabeate above. The climatic conditions of the region and the availability of raw 6 materiaL i. e. wood have completely shaped the design and structure of these edifices and they help the student oflndian architecture to trace the evolution of early building foniis in the western Himalayan region in the absence of actual monuments in situ. Minting Technology as used in early Indian Coins SI iSij i >x- \y «*>>. 5^^ 5^ T D >53 G— Ci >' 4 \J/. By Ravi Shankar Sharma, Secretary The Numismatic Society of Calcutta In India, different rulers minted various varieties of coins. These coins were minted m different ways. Earlier, beads and stones were used as currency and this system was laiown as the Barter System. However, as it was difficult to differentiate between these items, coins were introduced. Based on minting technologies, ancient Indian Coins can be broadly divided into four groups. 1 Techniques of Minting I PUNCH MARKING • CASTING • DIE STRIKING • REPOUSSE -yjT- m U '. •• <- :¥M- w P mm •-i ».<7l O) (73 o rrr w o ts kir^»—4- '_.S«a/'* >tow3V 119"^ I :^-.^«r<-. ?* r !•-, .-L" (73 i djrim 'ar m^. O • ".'rri 'J*". j •* . li|:.c'"'^.'- P- ri o O )—I • .".K P Oq ;: S -U'. ■■ ' Vi- t! failTTl kw o .. ""llr ai4)1:: aiP -tJ r* —< -/s 'fJ'" P >-t '"•»' \*.,♦*'• ': .1 " y • ^>?.* • ATi" • 1^ ,-^^.V'Un N a Pu X-K^li'- ®8C I j.>' n o C/1 Punch Marked Coins:These are the earliest recorded coins in India. They were used in the 6th Century BC.The symbols on them were abstract or nature related elements.The coin blank is struck by a single punch with one blow of hammer and thus the impression is transferred on blank, hence they were called the punch marked coins. Most of the punch-marked coins have different number of punches impressed upon them one after another.These coins forms into different shapes, such as the bar-shaped, oblong, or cup-shaped.All these varieties of coins were struck with punches. Imperial Punch Marked Coins- Magadha-Mauryan Coinage The earliest coins of India were minted using the punching technique This technique is also known as the archaic multiple die striking technique On these silver coins we find the depiction of symbols punched using single dies The symbols on the early Janapada coins vary from 1-4 These coins have been attributed to the sixteen mahajanapads mentioned in the Anguttaranikaya The sixteen Mahajanapadas mention in the Anguttaranihaya Kasi • Panchala Kosala • Asmaka Anga • Avanti Magadha • Gandhara Vajji ® Kamboja Malla • Matsya Chedi • Surasena T Kuru • . Kuntala Specific shape of these early punch marked coins V • Gandhara: Bent bar W: Very probably the earliest Indian coin: a large silver shatamana (double siglos or bent bar) issue, Gandhara, c.600-500 BCE (43mm long, 10mmv\^ide) 4 Kashi :Saucer shaped coins ^ .. 'I'#'*' •-A % -■Tt S;^ y<* -.-;N 4 • Rest of the janapadas issued round, square or irregular shaped coins Imperial Punch Marked Coins- Magadha-Mauiyan Coinage VA<'y:{viw ^ Bankers' marks on the reverse O 'x- fis ^ m C;-J=vl,vCMr.s«. 'VlWW/f'-A ••AC»10-«U •"■ • Symbols on Punch-Marked Coins -?• /■'\(\ ''I'ijL'j \ -ri. c (?■ ^rv- olU'c ! • '' I i A A T:^ vNiA- >< A 'it li' •'-•Vftc- I i\-; ^ '33 f § A ii& ffl AS! Ancient Indian coinage was based on 'Karshapana' unit that consists of 32 rattis (3.3 grams of silver) and a 'Ratti' is equivalent to 0.II gms. Preparing coin blanks - f.- , . ■ •- }.„ A ■ • < \ J, I • • " •. -i - f - ' ^ ^ ^ j f" .. '/ -w I Ciitting coin 1 blaii ks from Droplet method - Production Sheets of Rbiihd coin blanks t --f • .'iv , I A' o (S if'-- • ^' . /w , ..i. i i - f- ~ r , J}(5. J ; T < * r ^ I.'? i! .■'S'^-£,UkX'U!^Ab, Droplet method - Production of round coin blanks r !■ l)y •■■' ' ' ■ " V ■ «v- r H ■ ■<> I. ' <'.r 4, ' ' - -Vj':.'" < '.3 ■ ••-.rj ^ .Vi This technique was used for making round or elliptical 5r^ shaped coin blanks Exact amount of metal was taken in a small crucible and poured on a hard surface the little amount of molten metal took round or elliptical shape m'Af, Then this piece was beaten to make it into a piece of required thickness TS-' */• »•> .• ft . —"T-.-tir-'AKll-iS'.' ^ -V' • ■ »1 -''V; 'd. V ' Small multiple dies for punching symbols f 'V % ^1' r ■'■J-t r. /^•v- v-^- Anvil Die with a minute symbol Technique of Minting (PMC) UV,'. ifi <1 'w'f^ m m- »:iA- i/VW :'-ViK' - -1 * ^ metal was melted in musa spread on a hard surface or crucible and let it be cool rs .w ;i^'e ^9 fe-tS S.V-»* K#>l» niiyf*. v»?v j'Ti? ■4-Vs >jO. M- ■.-• j 'X'-'^< 5i- ;i , ... . .\.V- ■ - >• v.'' • r-" ■ ■ '•- ' V" ' beaten into sheets on an adhikarni or anvil with a hammer or mustika n Preparing coin blanks and Stamped with punches ■ A >AV- - V ■J. . i =■' a ■ ■ ■ d Cutting coin blanks from Sheets Stamped with dies or punches having symbols or birhba-tahka Casting Technique This technique was widely used for minting large scale base metal coins Moulds were mostly made of clay Device was impressed on the clay in negative so that when the coin is produced it will have the positive impression on it 'i—yy. 'SP'. ^ ^^ » r.•c5£f" rtS2iafc^~^* ^^ 2r> ^ ?h J'V'v'1 ':^-5, ^uf-^ issvs,,,;* k** lit* V .. t-A.' ^ -■ •;v i'?" artfw^ Uninscribed Cast Copper coin of post-Mauryan period, (c. 200-150 BC), t.31g. Obv: Elephant walldng to ri"ht. Rev: Three arched hill with crescent Casting Technique Single mould production k'M cm. W'fM • f?: .T.-Vf ^i' »»'it"-^'.'*^' I'iv! i'-Minrrf Once the clay piece received the impression it was dried and baked to get a "T terracotta .mould Molted metal was pouied in the mould and was allowed to cool down to get the coin But such coin produced with single mould had a blank reverse Double mould Casting cs yti-'' «y ' -/l - V '"-i« ...-- 55« i'V'i./.'^K- » 'M • ■J - -rVA-; V S .s>ri To get t wo separate devices on both sides of the coin this technique was used tS' adTes^re ""s joined with either day or any A vent was kept on the top for pouring the molten metal Sal teSt'lTo'i™doZ"'°''''® ">=' ""I Later when the metal become cool and dry the joint ar e broken and the coin is taken Tins technique may be called as the double mould production technique Multiple mould Casting In a single mould multiple impressions were made in negative One mould or disk with obverse devices Second one with reverse devices These were taken together and joint one after another Molten metal was poured to get the coins • i • k!; •'"? ; V' t 1 tir-.- . r, •„■-'Ji m »rx iV-vr i:^r, k-: Cfe> vs ■Jv y- V1 ,C-.v "'jv rl 1 f>S' 1 ^ ^; i »' ;j.vn hirfrj. "V- r-i V' '■iVvi'TMi' / ^ V I t <. i/ ii^'3iH L'Vt-'--" ."Z r. . \ A -Yf, r*rt •«* 'tiv'Yi""- '-X'y ^ ^ - ^v-r- li'd- '-ri ]} - -I' il*. ss*^ v> i-' v;:w ' •.:7..T;. /f-c*. y.v-« y)c Moulds set together for casting .tj- /j-a:-"- \%t/ ■1^ w V ••VJ V ' ! f - > • r c...:z:>s=?v^- 1:5 r= r, liKT f.-.J K v=>' L*;-'; tA ;-.r ■J Jri ■**1 '■■ M-^-''-' »■• ■'■oT , . • • ,v/^.r„'*.-,«, jc'J' • A -So- M .f-V '-f yn^' ^iV •••■ ;'S6r^.s^; :rr-. . • ^r>->.Sia r ISC sm •l i 9 J Mf- -f- *S-«- ,-.«- iS sV; ; & liTPJl -.' Ir ifcjv'.V-.'tt s."- --(i- •■f^ - • i-t K-\'- ;>-. k-'N '«,v m.-, »* ••-**- ' ..'^r i u. •- ,t.-. y .v.'^!r-;y'-,:-"i^'sE. ;> !, '/P»i V .-Ji; mm r y f 5' "f:V;\Wi'V^'" f-" ^S|d:^¥®s -..'ivi \'f: '■^i •" ;;;. , -; X . .Vv^P^.fc V'"'/?, : 'i J .«<■.'*. • i ''-'■'"\,r ' '1- ' ■^l.i'^l^'i^''j.^!^. -.''>y. mm' y.Vi l>5/ fsCw IV. ; 7^- \ m^m ly f-V"- PF#Ii ^^'-• m& ' ■'i. .V^-' ■' 'ffH ■ j \' ..t-^i: i :i ■ " ?>> .f :-i^; '5 ''-15 ■W30i • ' ■ \i.'-"'r /'ic; '< -•>'--.-^''?S. V -s- l-V - ! M"^J-'vV'';-y^'"'--M<-:,^^.; -. s," --• '■ - -• p, :2V jfi; t/- i V '■ . .ny ;?iT' .' . V t'''- ''i^_l--- •(' , 'cs-k%-' '"1 '.i aVr» . '; . .. • .-• • ■-., • iSr V'—.' ' ■• « '•'., i.'. 'j'^v. ■ -'V :-"'-il '^ivy*y' :-;e ■ ■&.: ' "r-,(j . ' <./. •,V>V- A.' • f .><.-• , V ■ t ' ; ■ .■••:-.;'-.V!v>:" fv' ':f> .. . • • 1^4. , ■ , ' 'U ■;. / sM ,.j"<,.. .i. , fto ^5- .it - ^'"■•■.'"i^^^^r'fei - T. ■»*!• f k- i.-- 'lO-. • ^ . '•i-r *1''' '*v ;*• . i " i-\ » v5.'".. T- . H.'. F- -Vo<£f.S« •v\ .- - ••• • . VA" '*•"•■ ■ '1^- V. r'>' •; I'-^i ^ ..Sw : *' ^ s, ""^A 'xx Vvii i;fe < ~v^- f •• >:iRi!;v/-^ if'^' 2ii»*>^ ••• - fr. #•';i 5f' r ^ ■■' >N ii ..X' .-- rX. '!l ■ .-v s/ 'V ■v_' V i'i'. rtrAi-i'«"re> \.K< 11}^ ■.■i .- t-'ji .,5g-.r-\'J . :t*i I" 'ij;. .!, .. ,' •, !*'■ ■. S5#a'!■#3^ il I ,,' ;v. ■ f -.^-y-js Kt-. *- -> 1 ;%s; m ■ .<;t^M:; 'i .. ^ x>» ."V, f'Anl Ct!? '' i I'G* S9iC4 ,■ \ u;"' ■■ir ■ ; ■■"f. '• ' _••- ■••-■ .- - A '- □ ■ :■ ^ /a"; S' - ~v'a/k'' ^N" "■ ' . I •s c {/I A 'r- -' ■-S-: /A : - -i'J. . ^ ■ : V-*'- f-i * ■ ■•.-■ -• ' 1 - _..^.x; • ' c \ ; ''A t Q_ Ipn- - "'11- :>;■ '; a:, A mm9 ■ ■ -A." ■- - •■-•-"••sU- T \p''a\\^ r'V . ■./• .. '' = - - •_• ",'<%' ' •«:> I'-rS *^-1*"*1''.A'~"A "'S ''■ ' ' " .'a X s -A. 3 .:..'^V--. >, • \'"' ■ /a aA-V ■ Vv 'I OQ ',,.>,^vrA- • ' 'i , !: / ■\-\-- i-. : , '.x .Ki n i'K-AAt/ i . -■ .'if A • . ,.*'A-s. •^• '1--. 3 wA<' - / ■'. ••- -'c^ • A.- '7'.• ^- - ... r- '■; c o Die-Strucking Technique This is a technique introduced by the Bactrian Greeks or indo Greeks in India and is the most popularly used technique for minting coins in the India In this technique a pair of dies used for minting coin The die on the top is the obverse or the upper die Lower die is fixed on a wooden log or anvil and is known as the anvil die The coin blank is placed in between the two dies i.e. it was placed on the anvil die and then on the upper die was placed Then.a blow was given with a hummer for both the devices to get impressed on the coin blank a l.UJUlU r7 Ifprvr di -PUNCH l.i'isvf die REVERSE DIE ..1 ■ f - COIN BLANK '.t • AiWil OBVERSE DIE ANVILt Dies 1^- I '■■? jr-^ -,.f > > ^ Anvil Die m J.i-i'i Upper Die ^-1 f^-tvi ^v."\ C-^ WAOV^V V.>W:'=> Original Die of Cooch Behar coin v?iwiV;U:,i^;5' .... ,.,. / '.:.r^2 i' /. ' V Is X V ^;/j ,y,fi' 'T.r..- Sr'/,: \j •rtM '.j ■>.! r... .'■; ii\ TO!-—.^.^''V .> - M X Modern token die of Murshidabad coin Rounding instrument -•rs. ■-rX ~;- ■I i- V /<- ;i ■'-.I 4-.. V. ;>4 ■ V - |'_^-V ^-^.- ■• .- ■ \ . ."-. >5^ 1' .f •v; ."^VV,., 'i-V'S ■ ■•■sv.. . IS- •-- r _ :.■% t .;1- sii'- ' ■ - r ... V Sv7\ ..-" ■ 'v ih ■ -Y-:' Siftf E??% ->■ ly '^■siv /<. . ,5,- ;v.i .. jr •;iv i.': ,>i . - ■' ; •- ., »-- ; S With light strokes with a hammer the set of coins are rounded -3?- P n MM e 3 t 4 om ! i ts ■to c ^ ' #a t f "-e-. f -c °o ; .-, .• B ."" fr"?* • ■• ~ I '/ i"-'^ - '■■' > / ..' .i .-' ,V 73 C^y. v"-^ - . / r.-=;^--"e f'. i fD Q. S' P 3 a p Q. V «-.•■ " ;• \ r+ ! \ 4 f O 3 - .A* i! pi ■{ .m..'-. 'i^ ■• ' . 1 ;-^-.vC O ft - V ' L •- -.- ft) n fD '<• ; . iyd'V .-r. 'r,- i-y t < - ■":. V ' "^.1 -> ''•V" V. -w ■•- i-.iX'',!-" • • V-r- 1%" ■ -r--'' 'I {- B'-'v' • ._'• □ S* rh C 'H^.t n A u -,: ■'J • 'J' fZ fix ;*■ ■V'i , ft.-. - '*aC^ ^r. C' n O :.r^ ! ^■« ;rv^ 3 3 (/) V. w-^s rr^!. i -.J-r-J\ %•. ■Vvi •jyi rs >Jirv y.1 m fm - rN.4-?.f^\-;■jiH) 4. iW'K< C^'^V.L'J f.-f -r-J- m Repousse Technique These coins were thin and llghtweightThey bear devices only on one side and the other side had a negative impression.This technique was a time-consuming one,so there were fewer numbers of coins minted % using this technique. V;' -T-' .''-' \ f.zZi'sTS'i■Cf A'_^ ."4'' \ Sharabhapurlya dynasty of Wlahakosala (Chhattlsgarh region), king Prasannamltra (c. 525-550 AD), Gold 1.30g, wheel, Garuda and conch shell with legend 'Sri Prasannamltra' I Difference of thickness between both coins mm s A die-struck coin of A repousse coin of Chandragupta II (380-414AD) Prasannamltra (525-550 AD) Repousse Technique The coins minted with this embossing technique had a single device i.e. the obverse device The coin blanks are thin The reverse has the negative intaglio of the obverse device These coins were issued by using a single die engraved with a comparatively more depth than the die struck coins Silver repousse coin of Harikela C. I 000 AD v'T- V t-. V'> ' '"T'w'-, •:v "-U-U- :s'- 'si fv:• •— j • ''Ui ?' Bull (facing right) ant the legend Reverse intaglio or the device in "Viraka" with doted border negative Repousse Technique Locket die ^-75fl H-V'.m ii-7' :|«r ?v ! A modern die with deep relief 1 ui !? n'r 'W Minting Repousse coin On the anvil the lower die is fixed which had the device in high relief On this die the coin blank is placed or a thin metal sheet is placed On top of this metal coin blank or sheet another piece of metal sheet is kept On this a protector metal piece is placed Minting is done with a light blow of the hammer \ ) Preparing the Coin Blank •■tr 4^1 V. V, fc-: Cutting the thin coin blank .-.o .UJ''". -; Hammering it to make A piece of lead it thinner x-Y r.;' . v.-'- i'c : .. /-'X. c * ■ T Placement of a Coin blank ; Repousse Technique 3 - f ■ i. A li,. ' i ' ' .C'< 'iH 7^ • ■ »:vpt. * ®#;a \ ■ J rX'T-'-^y^ m mff -' j'J. iii J^i 9-j4 .ijr Wi r-K - "i.* ■• t} ■y>i ■vK -S.-i —iSS-;23^i)-$v^ i-r- En..■^-i^A- \ ■ - . - t' *w v-^ C<5 r^ilMYM ':^:t^W' y-^^4v"■>ry\ >W^' - ■■»■; • i'J •V, K, \y ') \ -5- S>v if • . Ravi Shankar Sharma (Secretary) The Numismatic Society of Calcutta ^ tfWr ^ pto \TiaKH >tK-^Rl ^>iia-^ fcI"+iMI, <^1^1! 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VJ16I k' W ^TRfRTT f, c]^ fffk "^Tft ■^kt dftZRTT yct^C ftf ePTrft f sk ^RPT—gRT cRT^ "RRoR ^2TT siiRK— f "^rrft—ksTft sfp? ■^—Rfkfr k "v^rrr? rfR snfr f i ?TcR ^ ?RfT"T: ^fecT fifft f MRujd ft vJnft 11 gR: ?FT"T: ^ 3iiEjdMKi 3ik RTkt ^ Rrkt f mRu|[^ ^ gRrTw "krr tl 37ff ei w 3#wTr^ ^ 11 ^ ^^ ^ ft^^ ^ ^ rRHi" Tj^ ^ 11 ^0 ^0 1t^^ ^ 1^ Wrt ^ 3T5R f¥f%RT cJT^-ST^ ^ f I ^ tf^ wKpi?^ -q^ui "g^^rf, ^ vjHc^^KT \Rc^t^' ^ sff^ WT^ ^ ^^ Rl-i^ vfT^ ^ \:jcii^siu| ;Rg^ cj^ cfT^ 'er^WRT' ^ffilf^feld g^sff ^ WTf^ T R?'^! ^ ^ [ ^0 go ^ ^ g^^ ;5f%d" g^j^^ ^ y^"T ^ tern ^ ^RTTj cj^ gdMia ^ t sff^ ^ gfe ^ siivjdi^dT, ^"tf# ^ mkPw Riw F2TT 1%gfr snf^ ^ g^sff ^ ftt t [ ^ g^stf TTY 3Tl^ ^ g^3Tf 3Tf^^ 3T^ 3Tk Tft^ dcb-^lcb^l- wm ^ wft ^ 3TaT^ ^ 3Tr^ ^r ^-sTrftrr f\€\ cffed" 11 "g^drRFFF g^T^ 3Tft5cr ^ cFT^ fl ^ 3T^ % WT^ ^ Slf^RF f^"TT 11 g^Tc^^ ^ M<^l' T ^ F^TF ^Idl ^0 ^^ WT^ ^ fcRCT^ ^ gfe ^ g^ft^T ^TI f I ^ ^ m>, a^ g^sft Fg^ wnft f^ ^ ^sRf ^r yg^ ^ ft'Wr^ t- 1. "F, F, g g, er ftft ^rarft ft ftft erftf ^ ftgr i 2. srarft ft ftkY+imi ^ ftr^ sfft g ftt g^nggft ftgi "^^grft [ ft^f^F ^ gg triccd ^ftrftt, Hi-dieiX gftrft ftr"TFft ftt ^srRcrft, g^3# g? ft ftiT w 11 ' gftf ft ggrft g? ggr ft Fftg ft wrft ftrft ftTr^ g ^5gFF? WH srrft 11 Fcft^ gi^ sgft: ft ftgft g^ ftftr^ ^ gwTT 11 gFT"T: ggftoR g^eT fftft—fftft gTgft'ft ft ggift gg gift ftift ft ^ftei 'FRng gg g"fg ftgr 11 gft ftift 8 ft 9 ft ^ ggr siggggft ^f ftftftg ftft gggngR ^ gprft ftift ^ ftftgr ft gnft ti ft 'ftggftgw gggg gerr gg^jg fftr grg ftft ft ^aft wr ft ggr ftpm 'g^rgg ftg affftg t, ft ^gft gftgr ggifw ft ^ ^ g?gg fftgr W gggg 11 - ggr g? ^Iftd 3TaTft ft gift ftftft fftgg ^ ggwjft fftftft ftft 11 TjftFggief gg ft ggrft ft 3T?ggg ft sggR xr garg f|^ ^ ^rrft ftft ^f fftft ftftg ft "^gggr fftgft ftr f i .ggftR gg^ g^ ftft fftft Tf ftftft ftft sgeggftr ftg gift fftft ft iftm ft gc^gft gg gft -gRft f j M^K gift ft gigft ft fftgg gg.gg fftftr ftftRr t sft ggft fftgg gg ggrft^g g^rgjft grsgg 11 National workshop on Numismatics: Study And Research PRAKASADITYA AND THE CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY Jappen Oberoi Research Scholar (JRF) Dept. ofAncient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology Panjab Universit)>, Chandigarh Abstract: The attribution of gold coins bearing the reverse legend Srl-Prakdsddityah, discovered from a hoard of Gupta coins from Bharsar in i 851, subsists to be among the more contentious problems that impair our comprehension of ancient Indian history. This Prakasaditya has been variously identified with Budhagupta, Kumaragupta II, Bhanugupta, the Pra-initialled prince mentioned in the Arya-Mahjiisri-miVakalpa as the son of Bhanugupta, a vassal of Bhanugupta and Purugupta. Recently, his identification with the HOna king Toramana, first suggested by Robert Gobi in 1990, has been gaining momentum after Pankaj Tandon revivified and reiterated the same viewpoint bolstering it with further evidence. The present paper will put the arguments adduced in favour- of this identification under scrutiny and by deploying the information at our disposal appertaining to Gupta and Alchon coinage will bring home the fact that Purugupta was, in all probability, Prakasaditya. K.tyv,'or(}is: Prakasaditya. Toramana, Gupta, Alchon, Pitriigupla CiQ- Ever since the discovery of two gold coins of the Prakasaditya type from a hoard of Gupta numismatic issues from Bharsar in the year 185 K its attribution has been among the most vexing problems in Indian history. The coins, conforming to the suvarna standard, bear on the obverse the king riding a horse and attacking a lion with a sword and a garuda standard. Under the horse, occurs the letter u or ru or ma and there is a circular legend ending with vijifya vasudhaiii divam jayati? The 'reverse shows Lakshmi with her legs folded like a pillow and the legend Srl-PrakasadUyab? Hoernle's^ earlier identification of Prakasaditya with Purugupta was subscribed by V.A. Smith.^ The attribution was originally a purely conjectural one, based on the fact that "no coins were known of Purugupta", and that these coins could not be assigned to any known Gupta ruler. Allan adduced an argument in favour of this identification. He remarked: "The Bharsar hoard contained coins of Samudragupta, Chandragupta II, Kumaragiipta I, Skandagupta and Prakasaditya; the natural deduction would be that Prakasaditya succeeded Skandagupta, and that the hoard was buried in his reign" Inspite of accepting the fact that Prakasaditya must have been a successor of Skandagupta, Allan refrained from identifying Purugupta with Prakasaditya for he had assigned the coins with the reverse legend Vikramaditya to Purugupta and he found it "highly improbable that Purugupta was called both Vikramaditya and Prakasaditya".' Allan, therefore, opined that Prakasaditya should be identified with "some unknown Gupta king ruling at the end of the 5th century CE".^ K.P. JayaswaP and R.N, Dandekar'° identified Prakasaditya with Budhagupta, R.G. Basak" identified him with Rumaragupta II, P.L. Gupta,'^ J.W. Curtis'^ and K.K. Thaplyar with Bhanugupta, K.S. Shukla'^ with a vassal of Bhanugupta and S.R. Goyal'^ with the prince Pra mentioned in the Arya-Maujiisri-mfdakalpa as the son of Bhanugupta, O.K. Ganguly" with Kumaragupta II or Purugupta. A.S. Altekar,'® B.P. Sinha" and A. AgrawaP° have identified him with Purugupta. JayaswaP' states that since according to the Arya-Monjusn-mfdakalpa, Kumaragupta (II) was succeeded by Srlman U, and since the letter u occurs on Prakasaditya's coins, it 'should conclusively prove that Srlman U, Prakasaditya and Budhagupta are one and the same person'. We can now assign gold coins with the biruda sn vikrama on them to Budhagupta, so we can discard this hyposthesis. S.R. GoyaP^ argued that the content of the alloy and the treatment of.the feet of the reverse goddess of the coins suggests a comparatively late date for Prakasaditya and his issues are to be treated as contemporaneous or nearly contemporaneous with those of Narasiriihagupta U. While the debased coins of Narasiriihagupta have 54 percent of pure gold, the majority of the issues of Prakasaditya have more than 70 percent of pure gold. The pillow style treatment of the feet of the reverse goddess, as noticed on the coins of Prakasaditya, is encountered on some of the issues of Skandagupta as well, and is seldom a unique trait of Narasiriihagupta's gold pieces. P.L. Gupta^^ had once pointed out that the title Prakasaditya admirably suited Bhanugupta, for, Prakasa, light, is the very essence of bhanu, the sun and the presence of the letter ru or u beiow'the horse on the obverse of the coins is likely to associate Prakasaditya with one of the later Gupta kings in point of time. The coins of Prakasaditya have Vf- been found from various places like Rampur. Shahjahahpur, Hardoi, Kanuaj and Bharsar, and yet surprisingly not a single specimen of these coins has ever been reported from MaKva where lay the area of Bhaniigupta's activities.^'^ P.L. Gupta^' turned to '"the testimony of Yuan Chwang, who listed various donors, among them, in that order, Budhagupta, Tathagatagupta and Baladitya" and later on identified Prakasaditya with Tathagatagupta. P.L. Gupta believed, on the basis of the metallic proportion of the different numismatic issues, that Prakasaditya should be placed between Budhagupta and Baladitya (Narasimhagupta) and thus his identification with Tathagatagupta seems to be the only option.^"^ There is an apparent absence on any sort of independent information which mentions the Gupta ruler Tathagatagupta, so P.L. Gupta's identification doesn't have any supporters." In 19S0, K. S. Shukla^^ published ''a coin of Prakasaditya on which he claimed to read on the obverse, from 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock, the name bhanugii(p{a}". Shukia concluded that "Bhanugupta was a king of Malwa and that Prakasaditya must have been his vassal or viceroy, since his name was only on the reverse of the coin". TP Verma," the biggest and the only supporter of Shukia, asserted that "the discovery of this coin now ended the long debate about the identity of Prakasaditya of coins and firmly placed Bhanugupta in the genealogy of the imperial Guptas". S.R. Goyal reported that "Professor Jagannath Agrawal categorically rejected the reading of bhamigupta'\ and quoted P.L, Gupta's observation that "the name of the king would be expected somewhere between 5 and 7 o'clock, not between 2 and 4 o'clock where Shukia claimed the name to be".^° Ashvini Agrawal's observation that "the letter Shukia saw as bha was actually the lower part of the figure of Garuda above the horse's head and there being no sign of the letters nu or gu puts the reading Bhanugupta out of the question"." A.S. Altekar had pertinently pointed that the findspots of the • Prakasaditya type coins suggested that he was not a later emperor, whose power was confined to parts of Bengal.-^^ He had remarked that the striking originality of his coin type, placing of the Garuda standard, the peculiar symbol on the reverse and theTelative purity of the metal, all point out that Prakasaditya has to be placed earlier than the time of Narasiiiihagupta^Kumaragupta II, Budhagupta and Vishnugupta, when the imperial Gupta coinage had come to the stereotyped Archer type and had become heavily adulterated.^^ Altekar was supported by Ashvini Agrawal whose analysis of different Gupta coins brought him to the conclusion that "Prakasaditya had to be placed sometime'after Skandagupta and before Vainyagupta, Narasimhagupta, Kumaragupta III and Vishnugupta".^'* "It is well known", writes Ashvini Agrawal, that'"there was a change in the line of succession sometime after the death of Skandagupta leading Purugupta and his successors to the imperial Gupta throne."" He finally concludes, "it is simple to infer that this Maharajadhiraja Purugupta, known from the Bhitari silver-copper seal of Kumaragupta III and other inscriptions, ascended the throne after the death of his brother Skandagupta and issued the Horseman-lion slayer types in the name of Prakasaditya which apparently was his epithet" A commonality between all the aforementioned scholars was the fact that they all identified Prakasaditya with a Gupta king. Since "the coins were found in a hoard of Gupta coins", "the similarity of the reverse design to other Gupta coins",! "the aditya ending biruda", and even "the rough similarity of the obverse design to other Gupta coins", all these factors resulted in arriving at the only obvious conclusion that "Prakasaditya must have been a Gupta king". This changed in 1990, when Robert GobP' suggested that "Prakasaditya was not a Gupta at all, but a Hun". Gobi on failing to identify Prakasaditya with absolute certainty, speculated without offering much empirical or circumstantial evidence that "he might have been the Hun king Toramana".-"® Gobi argued that the crown consisting of a diadem decorated by a crescent ornament at the forehead", the elongated shape of the head" and "the presence of a moustache in the king's portrait" proved that "Prakasaditya was not a Gupta king, but a Hun".^^ His identification found favour with Pankaj Tandon,''^ who in 2015, argued vehemently that "there is a strong probability (indeed, a near certainty) that he was in fact Toramana". Pankaj Tandon combines imperfect readings of "coins from the Patna Museum, National Museum Delhi, Lucknow Museum, a Gemini auction and a Ponteiro auction" to reveal the complete obverse legend as ''avampatitorama(no) vijitya vasudhaiii divam jayati (the lord of the earth, Toramana, having conquered the earth, wins heaven)". Furthermore, he notices similarities between "the motifs on the Sasanian silver plate of Varahran V and Prakasaditya's coin" and points that "the Huns repeatedly show strong Sasanian influences on their coins, particularly in their silver series from Gandhara". "It would therefore not be surprising", writes Tandon, "to see them draw Inspiration from Iran for their gold issues as well." He remarks that "assigning the coins to the Huns would also help explain why they seem not to be up to the artistic standard of Gupta coins up to that point in time". Prakasaditya's.identification with the Alchon king Toramana suffers from some serious defects. Huna coins aren't the only numismatic issues depicting the portrait of the king with a crescented crown and a moustache. As Tandon has himself noticed, "there are silver coins of Kumaragupta I and Skandagupta which show crescents on the crowns""' Infact, the Gupta kings continued the custom of the Saka Western Kshatrapas to depict their portraits with moustaches on their silver coins of western variety. While the elongated head is present on the horseman lion slayer type corns, this feature is absent on the archer type coins bearing the reverse legend 'Sri Prakasa' (which Tandon also considers to be Toramdna's issue)."^ Tandon's reading of the obverse legend has also not been universally accepted by scholars. K.K, Thaplyal and Shailendra Bhandare have' challenged Tandon's reading of the name Toramana."" Furthermore, Toramapa's title, according to Khewra inscription.ahd his horseman and Sasanian type of silver coins was Jauvla and not Prakasaditya."" Till date not a single gold coin bearing the name of an Alchon king has come to light. Noteworthy is the fact that never has a hoard of the Imperial Guptas been discovered that carried coins of Toramana or any other Alchon ruler."" Tandon fails to provide a cogent argument as to why the Prakasaditya coin bore garuda, the dynastic emblem of the Guptas instead of the Alchon tamgha. The influence of Sasanian imagery on the obverse motif of the Prakasaditya type coins doesn't prove that they were Hunnic issues. The Alchon contact with the Sasanians is.not a -Bf proven fact, as Tandon would have us believe. The nemesis of the Sasanians, at different times, have been iCidarites and Hephlhalites, but not Aichons. Guptas' cultural contact with the Persians has already been proven by V.S. Pathak and V.B. Rao."*^' Varahran V's father, Yazdgird was defeated by Chandragupta II during the first decade of the fifth century.''^ It's safe to presume that the Gupta die cutters had knowledge of Sasanian motifs. Infact, instead of taking influence from the Sasanian plate, the motif on the Prakasaditya coins seems to have been influenced by the Rhinoceros slayer type of Kumaragupta I, as has been pointed out by A.S. Altekar."*^ Furthermore, the similarities between the motif on the Sasanian plate and the obverse device on the Prakasaditya coins, as forcefully proposed by Tandon, leading him to the deduction that the former was the precursor of the latter, for the pose of the lion and the treatment of the right foot of the king has no parallel in the gupta coinage. Tandon seems to have been misinformed. On the variety B.8 of the Lion-slayer type coin of Chandragupta II given by S. Kumar in his 2017 publication Treasures of the Gupta Empire, the lion is portrayed as standing on its hind legs. As far as the depiction of the right foot of the king is concerned, it is identical with the rendering on the variety C.l and E of Class II, and variety A and C of class III of the horseman type issues of Kumaragupta I depicted in the same corpus. Thus, the motif on the Prakasaditya coins embodies a concoction of the various elements amassed from the divergent monetary issues of his ancestors. Unsubstantiated by empirical evidence, the identification of Prakasaditya with Alchon king Toramana needs to be discarded. The fact that the Prakasaditya- coins are of gold and discovered in the Gupta hoard, containing the stereotypical gupta legend, featuring a seated goddess in the same style as on Gupta coins along with garuda emblem, is enough to prove that it cannot be a Huna issue. Thus, the identification of Prakasaditya with Purugupta stands the test of time. Notes and References 1. Altekar, A.S., Coinage ofthe Gupta Empire, Banaras, 1957, p. 285. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Hoernle, A.F.R., "Remarks on an inscribed seal of Kurriara Gupta II," Journal of the Asiatic Society ofBengal, LVIIl, Part L 1889, pp. 93-94. In 1909, Hoernle had put forth a new suggestion, that "the coins may have been issues of the Malwa king Yasodharman of the Mandasor column inscription" {vide "The Identity of Yasodharman and Vikramaditya, and some corollaries". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, \3S.). 5. Catalogue ofcoins in the Indian Museum, I, Oxford, 1906, p. 119-. 6. Ibid., p. li. 7. Ibid., p. Hi. 8. Ibid. 9.. An Imperial History ofIndia, ?a{na, \9ZS, pp. 3S-39. 10. A History of the Guptas, Poona, 1941, p. 139. 11. History ofNorth-Eastern India, \961, 12. Journal ofNiimisinatic Society ofIndia, XII, pp. 34-35. 13. Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XX, pp. 73-76. 14. The Imperial Guptas: A Political Study, Aryan Books International, New Delhi, 2012, p. 280. 15. Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XLII, pp. 120ff. 16. The Imperial Guptas, Jodhpur, 2005, p. 449. 17. The Imperial Guptas and their Times, New Delhi, 1987, p. 90. 18. Coinage ofthe Gupta Empire, Banaras, 1957, p. 285. \9. Dynastic History ofMagadha, 'HQV^De\\\\, 1977,p. 13. 20. Agrawal, A., "The Prakasaditya Problem: A Reappraisal," Numismatic Studies, II, 1992, pp. 107-118. 21. op.cit. 22. Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XXVIll, p. 19. 23. Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XII, p. 35. 24. Ganguly, D.K., The Imperial Guptas and their Times, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 90-91. 25. Gupta Sdmrdjyd, Varanasi, 1991, pp. 346-347. 26. Gupta, P.L., The Imperial Guptas, Volume I, Varanasi, 1974, pp. 193-194. 27. Tandon, P., "The Identity of Prakasaditya", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, p. 653. 28. Shiikla, K.S., "A Unique Gold Coin of Bhaiuigupta and Prakasaditya," Journal of Numismatic Society ofIndia,XLW, 1980, pp. 120-122. 29. "Editor's Note," Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XLII, 1980, pp. 122-126. 30. Tandon, P., op.cit. 31. Agrawal, A., op.cit., p. 111. -62 32. Altekar, A.S.. op.cit., p. 283. 33. Ibid., pp. 283-284. 34. Agrawal, A., op. cit., p. 1 15. 35. Ibid., pp. 115-116. 36. Ibid. j7. Gobi, R., "Das Antlitz des Fremden: Der Hiinnenkonig Prakasaditya In der Munzpragung der Gupta-Dynastie," Anzeiger der OsterreichLschen Akademie der IVissenschafien, Philosophisch-Historische Kiasse, 126, 1990, pp. 131-138. 38. Tandon, P., (9p.67V., p. 648. 39. Ibid., pp. 657-658. 40. Tandon, P., The Identity of Prakasaditya", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, pp. 647-668. A\.Ibid.,p. 658, fn.57. 42. Kumar, S., Treasures ofthe Gupta Empire, USA, 2017, p. 379. 43./i/c/.,p. 377. 44. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. 1, pp. 238-239. 45. This fact was pointed out to us by Prof. Ashviiii Agrawal. 46. m Joshi, M.C. and Gupta, S.K., ed., King Chandra and (he Mehrauli Pillar, Meerut, 1989, pp. 190-196. 47. Ibid., p. 192. 48. Altekar, A.S., op.cit., p. 284. National workshop on Numismatics: Study And Research DYNASTIC SUCCESSION IN KAUSAMBl AFTER THE KUSHAFIAS: A NUMISMATIC PROBE Divya Oberoi Research Scholar Dept. ofAncient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology Pahjab University. Chandigarh Abstract: Kushana jurisdiction over the region of KausambT is attested by the Rabatak inscription of Kanishka, a fact corroborated by the discovery of epigraphs incised during his reign from KausambT. .After this monarch disappeared from the political scene, none of his successors could succeed in sustaining the vast territorial expanse and the empire witnessed gradual diminutions from the time of Huvishka till the last Kushana emperor. The vacuum which the Kushaoas left in their Indian territories was filled not by another paramount sovereign power, but by lesser dynasties, which, taking advantage of the unsettled conditions, declared their independence. Among the first political powers to divaricate from the Imperial Kushaijas were the Maghas who carved out and ruled for some generations over an extensive territory extending from Bandhogarh in the Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh in the south to the Fatehpur district of UP in the north. Inscriptions, ranging from year 51_to 139, provide us the name of seven different rulers. Besides these seven rulers, coins reveal the names of 5 more rulers with -magha ending names. Indologists remain divided on whether the kings Nava, Navika and Dhanadeva, whose existence is revealed by coins bearing devices similar to those met with on the Magha issues, succeeded or preceded the Magha dynasty. The inlbrmation gleaned from the inscriptions of Magha dynasty, their coins, the coins of Dhanadeva, Nava, and Navika along with the local coinage of KausambT and the Bhita seals will be examined to construct the political succession in the region after the removal of the strong hand of the early emperors of Kanishka's house to the rise of the Imperial Guptas. Key^vords: Kushana, Kausdmbl Kanishka, Maghas. Nava. Navika, Dhanadeva, Imperial Guptas ssr- The Rabatak inscription of Kanishlca' reveals Kushana jurisdiction over Kausambl,^ a fact corroborated by the discovery of epigraphs incised during his reign* from KausambT. Stratified evidence of coins unearthed here suggests that the Kanishka conquered the area from a family of rulers whose names ended in After this monarch disappeared from the political scene, none of his successors could succeed in sustaining the vast territorial expanse and the empire witnessed gradual diminutions from the time of Huvishka till the last Kushana emperor/ The local coinage of KausambT seems to have stopped only for the duration of Kanishka's reign. The coins of Dhanadeva and their somewhat degenerate copies with the name of Nava are to be assigned to the early centuries of the Christian era.'"' We find, however, a chronological link between these two series of coins in that the form of the tree-device on the coins of Rajanimltra (probably the latest member of the earlier dynasty) closely resembles that on Dhandeva's coins/ The coins of Nava and others are merely copied from those of Dhanadeva/ These rulers apparently followed Dhanadeva at KausambT and their rule seems to have covered the early decades of the second century AD. This chronological order is also supported by the stratigraphic evidence of coins discovered in the KausambT excavations.^ It is therefore evident that the Nava group of rulers came in between the Kushapas and the Maghas at KausambT. The history of the Maghas, generally regarded as identical with the Meghas mentioned in the Puranas, appear to have flourished in the early centuries AD and ruled over an extensive area bounded by Bandhogarh in the Shahdol district of the present state of Madhya Pradesh on the south and by the Fatehpur district of the present state of Uttar Pradesh in the north."' The dynasty probably owed its name to the founder named Magha. In the legend on his solitary coin from the KausambT hoard, which is so far the only source of our information about him, he is given the title maharaja which, in those days, is known to have been borne by sovereign rulers." Maharaja Magha was, thus, an independent monarch, a fact also otherwise vouched for by his exercise of the royaj prerogative of minting coins." According to Ajay Mitra Sastri, BhTmasena is the second member "of the dynasty." An analysis of the motifs on the Coins of the KausambT region of this time period reveals a different tale. The obverse of the coins of Maharaja Magha and Maharaja Bhadramagha depict a hill symbol along ' with tree-in-railing, whereas tiiis hill symbol is missing on the coins of BhTmasena as well as the issues of Nava.''' Thus, BhTmasena seems to have preceded and not succeeded Maharaja Magha. BhTmasena has left a variety of records like inscriptions, sealings and coins which afford us much more information about him than his, predecessors. He was at first known from a painted inscription on the Ginja hill in the erstwhile Rewa State (now in Madhya pradesh), some forty miles south of Allahabad, dated in the year 52." This record gives him the title maharaja. Later, . -AS'' I another epigraph of this chief, dated in the year 51, was discovered at Bandhogarh in.the Shahdol District of Madhya Pradesh.'^ The inscriptions of these local rulers of the KausambT region range from year 52'^ to 139.'^ The controversy here is apropos the attribution of these dates to a known samvat. A. Cunningham'^ referred the date to either to the era of the Seleukidae or of the Guptas. Fleet^'^ while publishing a Kosam Inscription of Bhimavarman of year 139 referred the year to the Gupta era and took Bhimavarman to be a feudatory of King Skandagupta. DR Sahni,^' who read 88 in the inscription under discussion, referred the era to that of'the Guptas and placed the record in 407 AD. KP Jayaswal," taking the Maghas as feudatories of the Vakatakas and the Kalachuri-Chedi era of 248 AD marking the foundation of the Vakataka power, posited that the Maghas used the samvat of their overlords. DR Bhandarkar,^' NG Majumdar^'' and Krishna Deva^^ designated the Kalachuri-Chedi era of AD 248-49 to be the samvat employed by the Maghas in their records. A. Ghosh^^ had suggested that the possibility of some local era, connected with the dynasty, being used in the Magha inscriptions cannot be overlooked. AS Altekar^' rejected the likelihood of the Kalachuri-Chedi or Gupta era being used by the Maghas to date their inscriptions. He pointed out that the Kalachuri era was never employed in the region under Magha hegemony. "The most fatal objection", he writes, "against referring the dates to the Chedi or the Gupta era is the that the Magha rulers become contemporaries of the Imperial Guptas, which is inevitable".^^ It is almost unlikely that the Guptas would have allowed a feudatory family ruling in the heart of their dominions to mint coins and issue inscriptions without mentioning their overlords.^^ The omission of any reference to Gupta sovereignty, observe JN Banerjea and Jagannath,^^ in the Magha inscriptions shows that they were not Gupta feudatories. They cogently remark that as the Maghas were originally the subordinates of the Kushaijas, it is only natural that they should adopt the era used by their overlords. Furthermore, the Kanishka era must have been well known in KausambT region for three inscriptions of the years 2,-^' 5" and 6" of Kanishka's reckoning have been found from Kosam. Kanishka's rule over KausambT has also been alluded to in his Rabatak inscription.^'' Thus we can assign 'he inscription under discussion, like all Magha records, to the Kanishka/Saka era of 78 AD. It must be pointed out that many scholars like NP Chakravarti, VV Mirashi, AS Altekar, DC Sircar, Bela Lahiri, Jagannath, JN Banerjea and AM Sastri refer the dates of Magha epigraphs to the era of 78 AD.^^ We learn from the Bandhogarh inscriptions that BhTmascna was succeeded by his son Maharaja Kochhiputa (KautsTputra) Pothasrl (PraushthasrT). We have as many as ten inscriptions of his reign at Bandhogarh. Some of these records are dated, their dates ranging from the year 86 to 88.^^ As against this, some inscriptions found at Kosam dated in the year 81 to 83, 86 and 87" clearly indicate that Bhadramagha had come to power in the KausambT region a few years prior to PothasrT and was the latter's contemporary for sometime. The title maharaja employed for him it these.records shows that he was ruling as an independent monarch. PothasrT was probably -S7- succeeded in the southern part of the kingdom by .his son Kaiisikiputra Bhattadeva who is known from a couple of inscriptions at Bandhogarh. one of which is dated in the year 90(= A.D. 168.)^^ Nothing more is known about him. Clay seaiings disclose the existence of two rulers named Sivamagha. Tv.o terracotta sealings from Bhita refer to Maharaja Gautamlputra Sivamagha,^''' while a clay sealing mentioning Rajan KautsTputra Sivamagha was unearthed in the excavations at Rajghat."® The difference in metronymics leaves no room for doubt that the tv>'o chiefs, though belonging to the same line as indicated by their name-ending, must be distinguished from each other. However, no attempt was so far made to distinguish the coins of the two until AJay Mitra Sastri*" pursued a careful study of the coins bearing this name in the KausambT hoard and showed that they can not be attributed to the same king. On some coins with this name the medial / is indicated by a small vertical stroke attached to the right of the letter .v/? and'must be ascribed to a chief who flourished earlier than the one on who coins the vertical stroke has developed a very strong curve going on top and many a time even to the left of the letter. Accordingly, the chief represented by the first set of coins must be styled Sivamagha I and that by the second set, Sivamagha II. We are now faced with the problem of ascertaining the chronological position of the two rulers of this name. The KausambT hoard contains a couple of coins of Sivamagha I (KautsTputra Sivamagha) which appear to have been restruck by Vaisravana.**^ While the obverse of these coins gives the name of SivanTagha (I), on the reverse we get the name of Vaisravana.''^ On the reverse on one coin we find the last three aksharas of the name, whereas the first akshara is preserved on the other coin.''^ The obverse of these coins has become flattened due to the forceful striking of Vaisravana's die on the other side.'*' We are thus led to the conclusion that Sivamagha I intervened between Praushthasri and Vaisravana. Vaisravapa's inscriptions have been found both at Kosam''^ and Bandhogarh,"*' indicating thereby that he ruled over the undivided kingdom including,, both the northern and southern wings. Vaisravana was probably succeeded by Sivamagha II as indicated by the presence of a coin of Vaisravana restruck by Sivamagha II in the KausambT hoard."*® Sivamagha 11 was probably followed by Maharaja Bhimavarman who is known from three KausambT inscriptions of the years 122(=A.D. 200), 130 (=A.D. 208) and"139 (217)."^ We know of a few other chiefs who,Judging from their name-ending niogha, definitely belonged to the Magha dynasty. Ail our knowledge regarding them is derived from the coins and sealings left by them; but they remain shadowy figures as in the absence or epigraphical records it is not possible to determine their mutual relationship and chronological order. Vijayamagha is known from a few coins found from the region of KausambT.^" The motif on the coins of Vijayamagha along with the style of their execution puts him nearer to Sivamagha II and Bhimavarman and in the present state of our knowledge he seems to have succeeded Bhimavarman in the region of -£S KausambL Names of Jayamagha, Satamagha, Piiramagha and Yagamagha have also been deciphered on a few coins hailing from KausambT.^' Besides the seals of BhTmasena and Sivamagha, the excavations at Bhita have yielded a few other interesting seals revealing the names of some otherwise unknown rulers. One of the seal:' bears the following legend in characters of about the third century AD: "Of the illustrious Maharaja Gautamlputra Vrishadhvaja, the penetrator of the Vindhyas, who had made over his kingdom to the Great Lord Karttikeya."^^ DC Sircar," however, regards Vindhyavedhana as the name of the king who "received his kingdom through Mahesvara and Mahasena and had the bull as his banner," thus taking Vrishadhvaja as the epithet of the king. Another Bhita seal of about the fourth century AD reveals the name of Maharaja Sariikarasiriiha who might have been a successor of Vindhyavedhana Vrishadhvaja.^'' From other Bhita seals of about the same period, we know the names of MahadevT RudramatT and Mahasvapati Mahadandanayaka Vishnurakshita, who were most probably associated with the KausambT kings." It appears, therefore, that this series of the rulers of KausambT came to an end towards the close of the third century AD. It was precisely the period when Maharaja Gupta laid the foundation of his dynasty. It is also to be noted that the last rulers of KausambT were, most probably, not the members of the Magha dynasty. It means that in this period this region was passing through a state of instability' and that the political power was changing hands rapidly. It is quite possible, therefore, that the early Guptas, exploited this opportunity and carved out a small kingdom for themselves. The territorial extent of the early Guptas, before the rise of Samudragupta, can be gleaned from Puranic testimony. From the Puranic verses in the Vayu, Vishnu and Bhagavata Purana, it is generally inferred that Chandragupta Fs kingdom included Oudh, Prayaga and southern Bihar. The region of southern Bihar (Magadha) was a Lichchhavi territory which passed onto the Guptas by means of his matrimonial alliance. Certain it is, that Chandragupta was raised by his Lichchhavi connection from the rank of a local chief, as enjoyed by his father and grandfather, to such dignity that he felt justified in assuming the lofty title of fovereign of Maharajas usually associated with a claim to the rank of lord paramount. If Chandragupta I, the first maharajadhiraja of the Gupta dynasty, founded the Gupta era in 319 AD on taking the imperial title, it is safe to assume that the region'of KausambT became part of the Gupta territory before the aforementioned date. ~51 Notes and References 1. B.N. Miikherjee, "The Great Kushana Testament" in Indian Museum BulleHn, Vol. XXX. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 1995, pp. 16-17. 2. Ibiii, p. 3 1. 3. S. Shrava, The Dated Kiishana Inscriptions, Pranava Prakashan, New Delhi, 1993, pp. 10-1 1, 17-18,24-25. 4. B.N. Miikherjee, op.cit.. p. 31. 5. We have no evidence about the continuity of Kushana rule to the east of Mathura and Ahichchhatra from the time of Vasishka or at least from the time of Huvishka. The withdrawal might have been effected in one single period or it might have been done gradually starting from the days of Vasudeva I or Pluvishka or even Vasishka. (Jbid., pp. 35-36) 6. B Lahiri, Indigenous States ofNorthern India; C.200BC to 320AD, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 1974, p. 124. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid., p. \25. 10. A.M. Shastri, Early History ofthe Deecan, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 138. 11. A.M. Shastri, KausambJHoard ofMagho Coins, Nagpur University, Nagpur, 1979, p. 23. \2.Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid., pp. 69-70, 93 and 97-98. The author is grateful to Mr. Jappen Oberoi for suggesting that while the obverse of the coins of Maharaja Magha and Maharaja Bhadramagha depict a hill symbol along with tree-in-railing, this hill symbol is missing on the coins of BhTmasena as well as the issues of Nava, and so it seems that Bhlmasena preceded Maharaja Magha. 15. Cunningham's Archaeological Survey Reports, Vol. XXI, p. 119. 16. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI, p. 177, ho. 1. 17. Cunningham's Archaeological Survey Reports, Vol. XXI, p. 119. 18. JF Fleet, Corpus Inscriptionum Indiearum, III, 1888, pp. 266-267. 19. Archaeological Survey ofIndia Reports, Vol. I, Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1885, pp. 1 19-120. 20. Corpus Inscriptionum Indiearum, III, 1888, p. 266. 21. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XVIII, p. 160. 22. History ofIndia, 150 A.D. to 350A.D., Motilal Banarsi Dass, Lahore, 1933, pp. 108-109. 23. A List ofInscriptions ofNorthern India, p. 173, note 3. 24. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, p. 147. 25. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, p. 256. - 60 — 26. Indian Culture. Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 716. 27. AS Altekar & RC Majiimdar. eds.. The Vcikdlaka-Gupta Age, Motllal Banarsi Dass, Banaras. 1954, p. 38, note 2. 28. Ibid. 29. B. Lahiri, Indigenous Stales of Northern India; C.200BC to 320AD, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 1974, p. 129. 30. Jagannath and J.N. Banerjea, "The Rise and Fall of the Kushana Power" in A Comprehensive history ofIndia. Vol. II. ed. by K.A.N. Sastri, Orient Longmans Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta, 1957, p. 260, note 3. 31. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, pp. 210-212. 32. GR Sharma, Kushana Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 1968, p. 44. 22. Ibid. 34. B.N. Mukherjee, Kushana Studies: New Perspectives, Firma KLM, Calcutta, 2004, pp. 100-101 35. J. Oberoi, "A Conjectural Restoration of the Year 86 Epigraph of Maharaja Bhadramagha", in International Journal of Current Research, Vol. IX, Issue 05, 2017, pp. 50865-50867. 36. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI, pp. 178-182. 37. A.M. Shastri, Early History ofthe Deccan, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 145. 38. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI. p. 181. 29. Archaeological Survey ofIndia, Annual Report, 191 1-1912, p. 51. AO. Journal ofthe Numismatic Society ofIndia, Vol. XXIII, p. 412. 41. A.M. Shastri, Early History ofthe Deccan, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 146. 42. Ibid., p. 147. 43. Ibid. 44. Ibid. 45. Ibid. 46. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, p. 146. 47. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI, pp. 185-186. 48. A.M. Shastri, o///7e Deccw?, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 148. 49. Ibid. 50. Ibid., p. 149. 5[.Ibid. 52. Archaeological Survey ofIndia, Annual Report, 1911-1912, p. 50. 53. In R.C. Majumdar (ed.), The Age ofImperial Unity, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1951, p. 177. 54. Ibid. 55. B. Lahiri, Indigenous Stales of Northern India; C.200BC to 320AD. University of, Calcutta, Calcutta, 1974, p. 138. /./■ ' \\. '^v 'v / USE OF SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES TO STUDY ANCIENT INDIAN COINS Vd SHRIYA GAUTAM MST IN ARCHAEOLOGY / UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD ./ .'/ I 'K THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER TO HIGHLIGHT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGY AS A SCIENTIFIC IMPLEMENT OF ANALYSING INDIAN COINS AND ITS ADVANTAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNIQUES AND MAKING OF COINS IN THE PAST. TALK ABOUT SCIENTIFIC METHODS SUCH AS SEM AND THEIR UTILITY FOR PROPERLY DATING METALS USED IN THE COIN AND DETECTING PLATING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN THE PAST. ?■ / BROAD OVERVIEW OF TYPES OF COIMS IN INDIA: FOREIGN COIN.S; GREEK, BACTRIAN, SCYTHIAN AMONG OTHERS. DYNASTIC COINS: KUSHANA, GUPTA ETC. I TRIBAL COINS CITY ISSUES / i % BACKGROUND OF COINAGE IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT THE FIRST MENTION OF COINS IN INDIA COMES FROM THE ACCOUNTS OF PANINI, DATED ROUGHLY AROUND 600-500 BCE (CUNNINGHAM, 1996). CO^'TRARY TO THE POPULAR BELIEF, COINAGE IN INDIA, EXISTED «■ ® u:i) IN THE PRE-MAURYAN AGE AND THE FIRST COINS WERE y PROBABLY ISSUED BY THE VARIOUS TRIBES, OR GANAS - EARLY UNINSCRIBED CAST COPPER COINS(EUCC). SHORTLY AFTER, IN THE MAURYAN AGE, CITIES STARTED ISSUING <3 THEIR OWN COINS, WHICH ARE ARCHAEOLOGICALLY LABELLED \ AS CITY ISSUES OR THE PUNCH-MARKED COINS. WITH THE COMING OF THE GREEKS AND THE BACTRIANS, COINS BEGAN TO BE TREATED LIKE MONUMENTS, WHERE COIN OF ONE HOUSE OR DYNASTY WERE USED TO SHOW SUPERIORITY OVER THE OTHER (REDDY, 2008). THEREFORE, FEATURES SUCH AS THE BUST OF THE RULER, HIS IiKio-Gfc-rK Coins ACCOMPLISHMENTS, POLITICAL PROWESS, RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND WELL AS HIS POLITICAL ALLIANCES, BEGAN TO BE DEPICTED ON THE COINS: FEATURES THAT WERE SUBSEQUENTLY ADOPTED t;.'- BY LATER DYNASTIES, LIKE THE KUSHANAS, THE GUPTAS AND OTHERS. -■Sig Coins of iho Kushons / / V BACKGROUND OF COINAGE IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT ICONOGRAPHY OF COINS BECAME EVEN MORE COMPLEX IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD AND INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE QURAN WERE A COMMON FEATURE OF THE ISLAMIC COINS. -7^ HINDU COINS, TOO, HAD PERSIAN OR ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS BUT COULD BE DIFFERENTIATED BECAUSE OF ICONOGRAPHIC Af A- ■ -V FEATURES SUCH AS LOTUS OR TRIDENT FROM THEIR ISLAMIC COUNTERPARTS. •/; DENOMINATIONS CHANGED FREQUENTLY WITH EVERY DYNASTY IN THE MEDIEVAL TIMES. FOR EXAMPLE, JITTAL AND TANKAS, WERE COMMON UNDER THE fjvv ——',c>X DELHI SULTANATE WHILE DAM, RUPAIYA AND MOHUR WERE COMMON DENOMINATIONS UNDER THE MUGHALS (AHMED, 201 11. 0M Ir .-i I. mm J ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY FOR NUMISMATICS /=:i- TYPOLOGICAL PROGRESSION OF COINS: ARCHAEOLOGICALLY. NUMISMATICS ISN'T ALL ABOUT VISUALS. TO STUDY COINS, ALL OF THESE SHOULD BE ARRANGED IN A VISUAL MANNER AND THEN STUDIED WITH RESPECT TO OTHER SOURCES. METALLURGY IS IMPORTANT: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF COINS WILL BEAR IN MIND BOTH THE METAL OF MAKE AND WHERE THAT METAL WOULD HAVE BEEN '-jU! : PROCURED FROM. ^o Nl) IF THE METAL WAS LOCALLY AVAILABLE, IT REVEALS A LOT ABOUT SCIENTIFIC' KNOWLEDGE OF THE PERIOD SUCH AS EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES AND METALLURGY. IF THE METAL WAS IMPORTED, IT HELPS ESTABLISH THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE IMPORT, TRADE AND POLITICO-SOCIAL RELATIONS OF THE PERIOD. DETERMINATION OF THE SOURCE OF METAL ALSO HELPS TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DAY TO DAY COINS AND CEREMONIAL OR TOKEN ISSUES. SCRIPTS ON THE COINS HAVE AN IMPLICATION: THE DENOMINATION IS RARELY IMPORTANT IN CASE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL NUMISMATICS. THE SCRIPT IS THEREFORE 'STUDIED IN CLOSE RELATION TO ICONOGRAPHY TO DETERMINE THE TARGETED RECEIPTS OF THE COINS. y / HOWEVER '0^ m THESE STUDIES CAN BE CONVENIENTLY CONDUCTED WITH THE HELP OF m SECONDARY SOURCES &■ M DO NOT ALWAYS REQUIRE A THOROUGH SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE '■t'-cli '•m >:r^ ii^5- ;^5; ARTEFACT ITSELF m. hdt m»KT«- '■w^< LEADS TO AN INFLUX OF SEVERAL FORGERIES AND ACQUIRING OF 1 u •Ti^ -V UNIDENTIFIABLE COINS BY SEVERAL MUSEUMS IN INDIA, BOTH Mi GOVERNMENTAL AND UNDER THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY. gsi 'M: THE PROBLEM GETS COMPOUNDED FURTHER IN CASE OF LOCAL OR m REGIONAL COINAGE, WHERE CONJECTURAL AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN NUMISMATIC EVALUATION INSTEAD -liJI OF FACT BASED ANALYSIS. . .!J IMH Alt j. . V./ so WHAT IS THE SOLUTION FOR THESE PROBLEMS? ARCHAEOMETALLURGY AND SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR HISTORIC METALS. • DEFINITION OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGY: 1 ARCHAEOMETALLURGY IS THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND PREHISTORIC USE AND PRODUCTION OF METALS BY HUMANS. IT IS A SUB-DISCIPLINE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE. / VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS 1. METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION • IN ORDER TO ANALYSE AND TABULATE SCIENTIFICALLY THE CONTENT PERCENTAGE OF VARIOUS METALS, METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION IS ONE OF THE MORE RELIABLE SCIENTIFIC METHODS FOR STUDYING COINS (SCOTT, 1992). Pb • UNLIKE SEVERAL OTHER METHODS, WHICH CAN BE DESTRUCTIVE TO THE ARTEFACT, METALLOGRAPHY vo IS RELIABLE IN TERMS OF MINIMUM DAMAGE TO THE ARTEFACT AND REQUIRES REMOVING ONLY SMALL SAMPLES FROM THE ARTEFACT. WHICH ARE THEN MOUNTED IN A RESIN OR A BAKELITE BLOCK, . Ag POLISHED AND ETCHED IN DILUTE ACID, BEFORE EXAMINATION UNDER A METALLURGICAL MICROSCOPE (STARLEY, 1994) • THIS TECHNIQUE IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL TO ANALYSE SURFACE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE PATINA IN COINS, ESPECIALLY WITH THE HELP OF BSE (BACK SCATTERED ELECTRON) IMAGE AND ED SPECTRA, TO ALLOW DETECTION OF VARIOUS METAL COMPONENTS IN TRE COIN (CF. INGO ET AL., 24? 2006). fS»' • FURTHERMORE, IT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO STUDY THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE METAL. THIS IS USEFUL >r 'iiv. TO DERIVE THE TECHNOLOGICAL AS WELL AS THE POST DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE ARTEFACT. - .•*c m :v^ I5:» ay \ y / VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS 2. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METALS Element Mean SD • CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTEFACTS IS SIGNIFICANT IN C 28.12 8.50 ESTIMATING BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE I 0 10.01 4.50 INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF A PARTICULAR SAMPLE AS WELL AS.FORMING A ROUGH AI ■ 1.60 1.20 IDEA OF RELATIVE COMPOSITIONS. Ms ■ 0.03 0.10 • ALTHOUGH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS MOSTLY DESTRUCTIVE, Si 0.48 , 0.19 SURFACE ANALYSIS CAN BE CONDUCTED WITHOUT S 7.32 2.30 DAMAGE TO THE ARTEFACT (FIERASCU ET AL, 2008). Ca . 0.73 0.24 • ANOTHER LIMITATION OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS THE 52.85 6.54 HIGH COST AND THE LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF THE Ag REQUIRED EQUIPMENT (MORTIMER, 1995). y / VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS 2. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METALS Elexnent Mean SD • CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTEFACTS IS SIGNIFICANT IN C 28.12 8.50 ESTIMATING BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF A 0 10.01 4.50 rt~ PARTICULAR SAMPLE AS WELL AS FORMING A ROUGH " A1 1.60 1.20 IDEA OF RELATIVE COMPOSITIONS. Mg ■ Q.03 0.10 • ALTHOUGH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS MOSTLY DESTRUCTIVE, Si 0.48 0.19 SURFACE ANALYSIS CAN BE CONDUCTED WITHOUT DAMAGE TO THE ARTEFACT (FIERASCU ET AL, 2008). S 7.32 2.30 Ca 0.73 0.24 • ANOTHER LIMITATION OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS THE HIGH COST AND THE LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF THE Ag 52.85 6.54 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT (MORTIMER, 1995). y y / / / VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS 3. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) WITH ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS • THIS METHOD IS COMMONLY USED IN A LOT OF COUNTRIES TO STUDY COINS, MAINLY BECAUSE IT OFFERS SELECTIVE AREA ANALYSIS ON COINS AND ALSO ENABLES AVOIDING UNWANTED AREAS SUCH AS CORRODED PORTIONS (CF. INGO ET AL, 2004; INGO ET AL, .. I 2006). I nic CioiM S K t V • COMBINED WITH MICROSTRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FURTHER INSIGHT CAN BE /•L A^J PU I ATTAINED INTO ASPECTS OF MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES OF COINS. • ■ RESULTS FROM THESE COULD BE FURTHER USED TO DETECT FORGERIES AS WELL AS FOR COMPOSING A STANDARD METAL COMPOSITION TABLE FOR COINS FROM VARIOUS MINTS. • FURTHERMORE, CLASSIFICATIONS FOR THE COINS BASED ON COMPOSITION OF ALLOYS AND •al'-e Coin METALLIC CONTENT CAN BE ATTEMPTED. 2000 4000 6000 8000 10( enerciy (eV) / / *•—wtw" HAVE SUCH STUDIES BEEN CARRIED OUT IN INDIA? YES, BUT NOT AS WIDELY AS THEY SHOULD HAVE BEEN.' MOST MODERN NUMISMATICS RESEARCHES IN THE COUNTRY AND RESEARCH PROJECTS FAIL TO INCORPORATE ANY SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AT ALL IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES. MOREOVER, THE TECHNIQUE IS SELDOM EMPLOYED BY MUSEUM AUTHORITIES TO ANALYSE DONATED SAMPLES OR EVEN SAMPLES RETRIEVED FROM EXCAVATIONS. / / ~ CONSEQUENTLY... • NUMISMATIC STUDIES IN INDIA ARE MOSTLY UNIDIRECTIONAL IN APPROACH AND NOT AS COMPREHENSIVE AS THEY SHOULD BE. • FAULTY INTERPRETATION, SUBJECT TO POLITICAL MISUSE OR FAULTY REINTERPRETATION LEAVES ^ . A SERIOUS LACUNA IN NUMISMATIC RESEARCH. ^ • NUMISMATICS, AS A DISCIPLINE, REMAINS CONFINED TO OBJECT ANALYSIS AND ^ MANUSCRIPTOLOGY. • A THOROUGH AND VERIFIABLE UNDERSTANDING OF DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY, METALLURGY AND METAL EXTRACTION IN THE PAST IS LEFT OUT OF THE PURVIEW OF RESEARCH. • WHAT IS NEEDED IS A PARADIGM SHIFT TOWARDS INFORMATION THAT CAN BE RETRIEVED FROM COINS, BECAUSE FORGOTTEN HISTORY, AFTER ALL, IS FORGOTTEN CULTURE. y SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY / AHMED, F.S., 201 1. A COMPR£HENS/Vf HISTORY OF MEDIBVAL INDIA: FROM TV/ELFTH TO THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. PEARSON EDUCATION INDIA. CUNNINGHAM, A., 1996. COINS OF ANCIENT INDIA: FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES DOWN TO THE SEVENTH CENTURY AD. ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES. - FIERASCU, R.C., DUMITRIU, I., ION, M.L, CATANGIU, A. AND ION, R.M., 2008. COMBINED USE OF SURFACE AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ARCHAEOMETALLURGY. AN. UNIV. BUCURESTI. CHIMIE, 17(1), PP.9-1 4. HAJIVALIEI, M., GARG, M.L., HANDA, D.K., GOVIL, K.L., KAKAVAND, T., VIJAYAN, V., SINGH, K.P. AND GOVIL, I.M., 1 999. PIXE ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT INDIAN COINS. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. 150( 1 -4), PP.645.650. INGO, G.M., ANGELINI, E., DE CARO, T. AND BULTRINI, G., 2004. COMBINED USE OF SURFACE AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF ANCIENT COINS. APPLIED PHYSICS A, 79(2), PP.171-176. I INGO, G.M., BALBI, S., DE CARO, T., FRAGALA, I., ANGELINI, E. AND BULTRINI, G., 2006. COMBINED USE OF SEM-EDS, OM AND XRD FOR THE k CHARACTERIZATION OF CORROSION PRODUCTS GROWN ON SILVER ROMAN COINS. APPLIED PHYSICS A. 83(4), PP.493-497., I MORTIMER, C., 1 995. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METALWORK AND METALWORKING DEBRIS. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY; ARCHAEOLOGY DATASHEET NO.I 2. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY, SUSSEX. RAJURKAR, N.S., BHADANE, R.P. AND ANGAL, D.G., 1 993. MULTIELEMENTAL INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF SOME ANCIENT INDIAN • COINS. APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES, 44(4], PP.78\-7S2. REDDY, P.CHENNA, 2008. ROMAN GOLD COINS: A TREASURE TROVE FROM PENUGANCHIPROLU. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH. REHREN, T. AND PERNICKA, E., 2008. COINS, ARTEFACTS AND ISOTOPES—ARCHAEOMETALLURGY AND ARCHAEOMETRY. ARCHAEOMETRY, 50(2), PP.232-248. SCOTT, D.A., 1 992. METALLOGRAPHY AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN ANCIENT AND HISTORIC METALS. GETTY PUBLICATIONS. STARLEY, D., 1 994. METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY: ARCHAEOLOGY DATASHEET NO. M. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY, SUSSEX. Ik A brief introduction to Indian Numismatics I Anup Mitra I feel myself honoured to be here, among the learned personalities before me, to discuss on a subject which is not being taught in any Indian Institutions, although, the coin is said to be a major source of history. 1 am confident such exercise will have some impact on the dissimilation of knowledge, among us. The term Numismatics, etyinologically derived from the Latin word Numisma - meaning currency. In fact, scientific study on coins. Medals, Tokens, Paper-money etc., comes under the purview of Numismatics. The subject is multidisciplinary, the majority of which is under History. But a successful numismatist must have sufficient knowledge on some other related subjects, like Geography, Trade & Commerce including ancient trade routes -land, reverine and sea; Economics - both micro and macro. Epigraphy and the most important Engineering, including metallurgy and technology. The dearth of technological knowledge pose if difficult, to understand a coin, whether it is a genuine one, or a forgery, made to deceive a collector. If a person takes a wrong decision on the basis of a forged coin, the history may be distorted. This is one of the main reasons., why sufficient research papers are not available from the students of history on this subject. This is also the reason why the .subjects is not being taught in Indian Universities. The knowledge on minting of coins plays a vital part in Numismatics, as the coins are all made with different metals and its alloys. I am not dealing in details with the subject here. But before such discussion, let us see what a coin is? The simple answer is 'a coin is a medium of exchcange'. The Vedic money 'Niska' is the first metal pc. used as 'money' for which there are reference in the literature. Prior to that and even much after the Vedic period, different objects were used as money. Such objects includes 'food grains' 'cow' etc., after the use of Barter System. But noticing the successful use of'precious metals', as . money in 'Niska', the idea of using 'Gold' as precious metal, in coins, must have been culminated. We have plenty of examples of use of 'Gold dust of measured wt.' Gold 'ingots of specific wt.' as money. These are found in some hoards along with other objects, in archaeological findings. The 'worth' in the Gold dust and ingots of specific weight, tell us, that they must have been used by the national and international, long route traders. They were not used as money to meet the daily necessities of the inhabitants. But, such transaction among the traders, have two specific questions - one is the 'purity' of metal and the second is its weight. To answer the said questions the traders put forward a specific 'mark' on the precious metal pc. (Gold or -77— Silver), which stood guarantee to the users. This stamped metal piece is transformed into a coin. This is how a coin is born. Being successful, thev (coins) gradually substituted all other medium of exchanges in the Indian sub-continent. The choice of metal in coinage, have a two fold demands - the 'economic' and the 'technological' demand. The economic demand claims, that the metal to be precious, so that more 'worth' be transfer/ed through lesser quantity of metal. Such metal pc, of uniform weight standard, throughout the subcontinent , were accepted as 'bullion' to the receiving end, from individual to individual, from kingdom to kingdom irrespective of geographical boundary, inside the subcontinent. Here, the 'weight' has important bearing on such a coin. Weight standards like Karshapana, Satamana etc. were standardized which crossed the geographical limit of ancient Indian states. The 'technological' demand expects, the metal, to be used in coinage, should cope with the available technology of time, while handling it. That is, the metal should be - (i) of low melting point, to suit the technology. (li) malleable and ductile, but not so soft, to be deformed in regular handling. (In) non-reactive in normal temperature, pressure and atmosphere. The time tested process of use of metal suggests that mainly three metals were successful in these two fold demands. They were Gold, Silver and Copper. These three metals were used in coinage throughout the world more or less till the end of nineteenth century. The situation changed with the advancement of technology when different alloys were used in such coinage. Now I will try to put forward a general and approximate picture of the chronology of Indian Numismatics from Ancient to Modern through the mediaeval period. India is one among the pioneering country of the'world to issue coins. After so many years of study, we are not sure, when and where the coins, in the Indian subcontinent, first started.-However, as information available till date, such .coins are available, and were in existence in 6"' century B.C. i.e., during the days of Mahajanapada eras. The Buddhist and Jain texts have identified and recognized sixteen, the then Janapadas, as Mahajanapadas. We have sufficient textual reference as well as geographical information of such (16) sixteen Mahajanapadas (MJPs). It is very likely, depending upon the said status of the capitals of such 2 i MJPs, that, all of them issued coins. But the coins of all such MJPs are yet to be known/identitied We have coins of some of the'MJPs which are undoubtedly identified by experts, and were associated with specific MJPs. Such was the situation in the subcontinent during b'"" century B.C. The Lidya- Ionia was the first countr\ in the world whose coins are available, which were issued in the 8"' century B.C. Technologically, those coins have some symmetry with the Punch Marked coins (PMCs) of the subcontinent, although both were manufactured individually and indigenously and not depending on each other techniques. So far, experts identified the coins of Gandhara MJPs as the earliest in the subcontinent issued during 6"" century B.C. But the recent discovery of a hoard of coins at Gharghara -Gondak river region shows coins, where there may be some evidence of using older method/technology of minting, than Gandhara PMCs. If it is proved, then the first coin in the Indian sub-continent may go back a little earlier than 6'" century B.C. Many people, across the world, are on research on these type coins. They include Paul Murphy of Netherlands, Sinji Hiryano of Japan and Indian scholars at Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies (URNS), Anjaneri, Nasik. If the coins are proved to be earlier, then the credit of first coins comes to Gangetic Valley in place of Gandhara. The site is at North Bihar and adjacent to Nepal border. After the MJP Era, coins of Imperial Magadh-Mauryan series are available. We have plenty of such PMCs' available all over the Northern part of India. Then we have different tribal states of Northern India, issuing coins. The coins of Alexander during 326 B.C. have got a big effect on the coining technology in India. Although, in the meantime, we have seen Mouryan Cast copper coins being circulated along with Silver PMCs. Alexander's Greek coins, were minted in a different technology - the 'die-striking technology', Gradually, Indian States and Kingdoms shifted to Die-striking technology and PMCs being, discontinued in U' century A.D. This is a major technological reform in minting-technology in Indian coinage. \ It may be mentioned here that, after the Imperial Magadha-Mouryan series the coins of Indo-Greek, Kushana and Shaka-Pallava, the coinage of India reached at its zenith during the Imperial Gupta Coinage. Plenty of Gupta Gold coins are available which are un-earthed from all over the Gangetic Valley of Northern India. All the coin issuing states including democratic states like Youdheya etc. and kingdoms like -Audambara Sibi, Panchala etc. of ancient India have their specific 3 contributions towards the coining technology including symboL script, language, religious invocation, dates, different Era of issuance and many other important historical information like victor}' commemoration etc. Detail study of each such coinage is being attempted by experts in the field. The coinages at the suuth of Bindhyachala have their own way of development in the coining technology. This is also being studied by experts and plenty of papers being published on them. Gold is used in coinage till much later period in Southern India. Miniature gold coins of different dynasties of South India are available in plenty as the source of this metal is in South India. Muslim Influence being much less, their coins have depiction of figures till long period. The South Indian Gold Coin issuing, dynasties includes -western Ganges, Chola, Kadamba during 10^*^ to ll"' century, Pandaya and Vijaynagar during 14"^ to 16"' century, Hyder Ali and Tipii Sultan during IS"'century, with depiction of pictures of Hindu Gods. In Mediaeval Northern Indian history, we can see the coins of Muslim invaders who practically settled in India and started their own coinage with different script, language, date- Era etc. Their major impact on coinage includes exclusion of pictures from the coinage. Aesthetically, their coinage are dependent on different calligraphy, other than depiction of images. In Sultaniete coins, images are yet to be found, while in Mughal coins we have pictures during Jahangir's time including his own picture in a Gold Coin. During the end and the decay of the Mughals, plenty of coin issuing independent states and Princely States appeared till the English East India Company took the authority of coinage at their own hand. Lastly, after Indo-British coins we have coins of Independent India w.e.f. 1950 when the first Post Independent coins were issued by the Govt. of India. -fo ) Urbanization in Punjab : Archaeological, Sigillographic and Numismatic Evidences It is doubtful if there was any urbanization during the so called first urbanization in Punjab but the second urbanization, though mainly concentrated in Ganga-Yamuna doab, had its impact in the present day Panjab. This tranformed the rural culture into the urbanized centres leading to the urbanization. Numismatic evidences provide us deep insight into the urbanization of a particular area. These evidences are far more important when there is a dearth of other archaeological data. Oftenly we find that excavations are conducted but no detailed reports are published and Punjab is a classic example of this apathy. In such a scenario, the numismatic evidences become more important. Discovery of coins from explorations and their occurrence from stratified deposits during excavations have their immense value. Stray finds, hoards, treasure trove etc., have their own role in the rural and urban economy of a region. Panjab is such region where there are a large number of coin bearing sites and these researches have been documented by the researchers. Earlier Cunningham, Rodgers, Stacy and hosts of European writers have collected coins from Punjab and at time listed their provenance. This data coupled with archaeological, sigilgraphical, palaeo botanical and literary evidences can help us to study the urbanization in a holistic manner. Prof. Manmohan Kumar M.D.U., Rohtak ABSTRACT Indor Khera; A Numismatic Construct Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu, Associate Professor Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology Panjab University, Chandigarh . The site of Indor Khera is located in the Anupshahr tehsil of district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh. Indor IChera lies between the river Kali Nadi and the Ganges. Investigations of Indor Khera and three adjoining mounds of Kundanpura, Ahirpura and Vaidya-pura were initiated as early as 1874-75 by A.C.L. Carrlayle. More recent survey and excavation of the site was undertaken from 2004-2010. Numerous artefacts, ecofacts and structures were unearthed in the explorations and excavations with numismatic evidence being a very important component of the earlier and more recent work at the site. The settlements occupational history stretches from 1000 B.C. to thirteenth/fourteenth centuries A.D. The earliest coins from the site also punch-marked coins. The site also yielded Kushan, Gupta and Early Medieval period coins. This rich plethora of numismatic evidence has corroborated the. artefactual and structural evidence in constructing the history of an important settlement in the upper Gangetic plain from the early historic period onwards. Mint and Mint Technique in the light of Literary Evidence Dr. Danish Moin (Associate Professor) Dept. of History Maulana Azad National Urdu University The history of minting coinage in India may be traced back to 6^'^ century BC. Since then various minting techniques are witnessed in India. It is generally accepted that Punching is the earliest minting technique used for striking coinage in India, followed by Casting, Repousse, Die Striking and Maciiine striking Techniques. Die striking technique is however, the most popular technique in India, introduced by Indo-Greek in 3"^ century BC and followed by most of the ancient and medieval dynasties of India including Mughals. British, . however, introduced machine striking technique in India. Mint has always been an important institution but it developed as a strong institution in medieval period in general and Mughal in particular when the name of the mints are inscribed on them and often with mint epithets. The literary evidence for mint and minting technique in ancient India has hardly been explored, except a few stray information noticed in Arthsastra of Kautaliya. The medieval sources, however, provide some information pertaining to mint and minting technique. The most authentic source may be mentioned here as the Darvya Pariksha by Thakar Pheru, a mint master of Khaljis in Delhi mint. He has written his book in Aparbahmasa compiled in VS 1375/ 1318 AD, may be considered earliest text of medieval period which primarily focuses on mint and minting system. It deals with following information. 1. Coins that used to come to the mint for milting and re-minting; and records mainly the metallic contents of the coins and their value in current rate 2. Dravya Pariksha gives a long list of coins, that were issued at various times in the different part of the country and that were imported from outside 3. It also discusses the technique and method of purifying silver and mixed metals or alloy and testing of degree of purity of metal. Apart from Dravya Pariksha, some medieval Persian sources such as Tabqat-I nasiri, Tarikh Firoz shahi, Faluh salatin, Humayun uama, Tabqat-i- Akabari, Muntakhobat ut lawarikh Tuzuk-i-jahangiri, Shahjahan nama, Munlakhab id- lubab also provide some stray information on the mint, coins and their circulation etc. But the mint and minting technique has been well defined in the magnificent Persian work of sixteenth CQntury Ain-i- Akbari of Abiil Fazl, compiled during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar. It is the most detailed work on the mint and minting technique so far. It contains a separate chapter on Mint during the reign of Akbar which furnishes following information: ^g3> |[ iiK-liulcs icchniquc ofdie- making, die- engraving, preparing blank and striking etc. 1( also discusses ilie mint administration, mint production and day to day working of mint. The account given by Abul 1-azl is not confined to Akbar's reign but it is quite relevant to know the minting leehnii.|uc of Mughal rulers in general. In fact Ain is the only source which deals in great length in understanding the minting technique of medieval period as a whole. Apart from Ain two Persian sources of medieval India named Mival Ahmadi and Mirat Sikanderi are worth mentioning here as these share some information regarding mint, minting technique and mint administration. Persian sources apart, Surat Factory Records and European Travellers account also provide some relevant information on coins, mint and circulation of coins. The paper aims to understand some of the important aspects of mint and minting technique in general and medieval India in particular. It will give a detailed account of evolution of minting techniques in India from punching to die striking technique. The study will be based on literary sources covering Persian and traveler accounts. In order to understand minting technique and mint administration Ain -i-Akbari will be thoroughly used. The study also cover the original coins to understand the mints. The medieval Indian coins witnessed inscribing the mint name on them, it was a new tradition introduced in India in the late lO"" and early 11"' century, first noticed on the coins of Mahmud Ghazni with the mint name Mahmudpur( Lahore). Inscribing mint name on regular basis on Indian coins was noticed in the early 13"' century during the time of Mameluk dynasty of Delhi sultanate. During Mughal period inscribing mint name on the coins became a prime features, noticed on all the three mctals( Gold, silver and copper). So , far more than four hundred Mughal mints are represented. Transition from Early Medieval to Medieval: A Study of North Indian Coinage Dr. Danish Moin Associate Professor, Dept. of History, MANUU, Hyderabad Transitions from early medieval to medieval have been studied in the past primarily with the help of literary evidence along with epigraphic sources and came out with new dimensions of society, polity and economy from early medieval to medieval. The proposed topic however, has not been studied with the help of numismatic evidence. The present study aims to understand transition with help of numismatics evidence covering coinage of north India. • The Indian coinage tradition in the early medieval period was not based on uniform currency system but it witnessed distinct variation from region to region. In north India from 8"' . century AD to 13^^ century Bull/Horsemen type coins, issued in silver and billon was the major currency circulated in the region. The type was introduced by Hindu Shahi of Kabul, bearing seated Bull on the one side and horseman on the other with minor inscription in Devanagari. The type was followed by all the Rajputs, Ghazanavids and Ghorid rulers of north India. It was even continued by the Mameluk sultans of Delhi. The type was, however, discarded in second half of the 13"^ century by Balban. Similarly, the centre India from 8"' century AD to 13'"^ century witnessed Lakkshmi type coins in circulation. The type was introduced in 8^^ century by Kalachuri rulers with depiction of goddess Lakshmi on the one side and Devanagari inscription on the other, known both in gold and silver. The type was followed by the rulers of centre India. Interestingly, it was continued by Muhammad Ghori. Like north and centre India the western India noticed distinct style of coinage generally been termed as Indo-sasanian and Gadhaiya type coins. It bears bust on the one side and fire alter on the other, issued in silver and billon. The south Indian coinage in the early medieval period witness coinage on local traditions. Pandya and Chola issued coinage with distinct style and typology. Since the paper is covering the north Indian coinage. A detailed study of Bull/ Horseman type with its origin and development will be examined. The study propose to understand detailed typology of bull/ horseman with metrology. Since the study covers north India, the coinage of Amir of Sind and Ghaznavid will also be included. The medieval India noticed a new coinage tradition in north India wherein the pictorial devices were discarded and inscription in Arabic was introduced which may be considered most remarkable transition from early medieval to medieval coinage. A detailed study of these coins will be discussed. - : REPORT OF THE THREE DAY WORKSHOP The three day workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' was organized by the department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haiyana and Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi from 26 to 28 February, 2019. The idea of present workshop was conceived by us for furthering research and study in the field of numismatics. Numismatics is" the study of coins which not only includes physical features but to study them as historical objects and thus a source for reconstructing past. The workshop started on 26^ February with lighting of the lamp. Professor Devinder Singh, Secretary to Vice-Chancellor inaugurated the workshop. In his inaugural address he stressed the need of many more such collaborative seminars and workshops between the Panjab -University and other Government institutions. Such endeavours will benefit the students and researchers at large. Shrimati Dheera Khandewal, Additional Chief Secretary, department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana was the Chief guest on the occasion. In her address she applauded the department for organizing three day workshop on very relevant theme. Prof. Renu Thakur, Coordinator of the three day national workshop introduced the theme of the workshop and made an appeal to all to value heritage and report any coin find to the concerned authorities for documentation, which can help us to address numismatic enigmas. The-keynote address was delivered by Dr. Amiteshwar Jha, Director,' Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, Nasik. In his illustrated address entitled 'From Anonymous to Identifiable: Beginning of Inscribed Indigenous Coins of India" he informed about the importance of numismatic studies and threw light on importance of coins as a source for reconstructing history. In his view, there is a great scope of research on the Post-Mauryan Coins. The members of the Numismatic Society of Calcutta had put up an exhibition on the rare coins in the museum of the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology. The exhibition was inaugurated by Shri Ravi Prakash Gupta, IAS, Director, Department of Archaeology, and Museums, Haryana. The punch marked coins, the coins of Indo Greek, Western Kshatrapas, Kushanas, Guptas, Huns, Delhi Sultanas Mughals, Sikh and modern times remained on display for all three days. This exhibition is first of its kind organized by the department. The first academic session began in the afternoon. It was chaired by Professor Manmohan- Kumar from Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak. Three papers were presented in this session. Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu, Associate Professor, department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University spoke on "Indor Khera: a numismatic construct" She highlighted the numismatic discoveries from the mound of Indor Khera district Buland Shar Uttar Pradesh. Professor Laxman. S. Thakur {Y.S. Parmara , Chair Professor) from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla presented a very informative paper on the representation of architectural edifices on the ancient Indian coins. Sh. Anup Mitra from Calcutta numismatic Society enlightened us on the importance of ancient Indian coins. The day two on 27.2.2019 started with the Second Academic session. This session was chaired by Professor S.S. Saini, Head , Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Kurukshetra University. Total twelve papers were presented in this session by the students and researchers"from different Universities of India and abroad. Different aspects . of coins were discussed by the researchers and stress was laid on the use of more scientific methods to study coins. The technical session in the afternoon was a special attraction. Shri Ravi Shankar Sharma, Numismatic Society of Calcutta gave a live demonstration on making of coins. He highlighted the various -intricacies related to minting of coins. The students and the" faculty sr- members actively participated in this '.session and minted coins using I techniques like diestruck, repousse and droplet method. The students were made aware about distinguishing between real and fake coins. Lively and fruitful interaction with the experts from different corners of India added flavor to this session. On the third day on 28.2.2019 began the third Academic session. This session was chaired by Professor Laxman. S. Thakur ( Y.S. Parmar, Chair Professor) from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Three papers were presented in this session. Prof. Manmohan Kumar, from Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak presented a brilliant paper on 'Urbanization in Punjab: Archaeological Sigiliographic and Numismatic Evidences'. In this paper he highlighted the urban process in Punjab and how material evidence helps in identifying urban centres. He emphasized the need to generate awareness among students and researchers to examine coins carefully and scientifically to reach at meaningful conclusions. Dr. Danish Moin, Head, department of Histoiy Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad presented an excellent paper on Transition from early medieval to medieval : A study of north Indian Coinage'. The paper enlightened us on the typology and features of early medieval and medieval coins. In his view bull and horseman type of coins wOre most popular type of coins issued in the early medieval north India and they continued to be minted in medieval period. The Lakshmi type of coins were minted in Central India and fire attar type coins were circulation in western India. The Brahmi and Devnagari both scripts were used to put legend on the coins. Religion in one or the other form was represented on the coins. Professor Sita. Ram Dubey from the department of Ancient Indian Histoiy, Culture arid Archaeology, Banaras Hindus University, Varanasi presented an illustrated paper on the importance of ancient Indian coins as a source of histoiy. He highlighted the development of Brahmi script on ancient Indian coins. The three day national workshop concluded on 28.2.2019 with the Valedictory session. The Valedictory session was chaired by Prof. Ronki Ram, Dean Faculty of Arts, Panjab University, Chandigarh. Detailed report on the workshop was presented by the Coordinator Prof. Renu Thakur. Prof. Danish Moin, Head, department of History Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad in his Valedictory address threw light on the technology of minting coins as discussed in the Ain-i-Akban. The text highlights that various officials supervised the minting of coins so that flawless coins could be minted. Prof. Ronki Ram in his presidential marks stressed that currency is immensely useful in reconstructing the history of the period. Dr. Banani Bhattacharya, Deputy Director, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana presented the vote of thanks. The three day national workshop was filled with extremely enriching and insightful discussions and was attended by the students, research scholars and faculty members from different parts'of the country. Department of ■ _. ' Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, 2j,sf'l Punjab Universitj',Chan(iigarh-160014 (Estd. In 1947 under Act VII of Govt. of India) . Chairperson Dairy , CFMSNo:- Dated: I? j|*/Q The Director — Department of Archaeology 85 Museums, Haiyana, Art^ Design Building, Sector-10, Chandigarh ^ Pincode-150011 M' Sir, I am enclosing herewith the demand draft No.595735 dated 1.11.2019 amounting to Rs.85/- only on account of unspent amount out of the received amount Rs.3 lacs for organising three day workshop from 26-28 February, 2019. Also find enclosed a statement of expenditure ' and Utilization Certificate for further necessary action at your end. We are also enclosing a spiral copy of papers presented in the workshop for your perusal. Yours faithfully, End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur) Chairperson Phone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629, E.mail: [email protected] 17 6 gJ^eriMIDIGARH Key;SIDMA2 i, ■ . —. bankers cheque Sr. No:829784 ^ ^ ^ (0 |1 |9 I OOMMY YYV Pgggiggj^SgWgO^AND MUSEUMS DEPARTMENT haRYANA _9 Eighty Five Only URDRDER 7_ 6 65.00 vv'P'000489595735 Key." SIDMAZ Sr No'82Q7r^ a>< 'Narne of Applicant registrar panjab university For STATE BANK OF INDIA 4 :/ 3 I: /not transferable ^wiy7rf autwowsed signatory TTR^lTOire; branch MANAGER UJ' "5^5735. DOOOOiOOOr. 000U^^„. i Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab University,Chandigarh-160014 (Estd. In 1947 under Act VII of Govt. of India) Chairperson No AIH/16. Dated: NAME OF THE INSTITUTE -PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGAH UTILIZATION CERTIFICATE 1. Certified that amount of Rs. 3,00,000^-^^^ received for organizing Three day Workshop on "Numismatics: study and Research" by the Dept. of Ancient Indian History Culture, & archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh vide letter No. 18/10- 2012-Pura/5204-5207 dated 18.02.19 . Out of which Rs. 2,99,915/^iS^^been used for the purpose for which it was sanctioned and the balance amount of Rs. 85/^remaining unutilized has been surrendered. 2. Certified that I have satisfied myself that the money was utilized for the purpose for which it was sanctioned. C kBrW U-, TTH AJC Name & Signature on Organizing Convener .C.^Wdth-^SeaOdcnt fndlaii Culture & Archaeolos? Pajijab Univeishj/ A. D.O. Regist^^ :a";o m'Sjm J 4 1 € Assistant ControllGr (l^c^l Audit) Punjab Uf?sversjfy Local Audit Dep^rirnent, ar Chandigarh AdmjnistralRi. Unandigarh Phone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629, E.mail: [email protected] 349 Key: SIDMAZ Bank of m^ta 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 9 Sr. No: 829784 ■issuing Bra'fich;PUNJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH D D MMY Y Y Y /CODE No: 00742 BANKERS CHEQUE Tel No. 01720-254832 I PAY THE DIRECTOR, ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS DEPARTMENT HARYANA OR ORDER i5 .^ RUPEES ---- • I'* Eighty Five Only 85.00 101000489595735 Key: SIDMAZ Sr. No: 829784 AMOUNT BELOW 86(8/2) For STATE BANK OF INDIA Name of Applicant REGISTRAR PANJAB UNIVERSITY CH ^raraniKrtl TimnTimiT /NOT TRANSFERABLE AUTWORISED SIGNATORY BRANCH MANAGER j 1,50,000/. Tja srfaJE ^ ^ srflraTftjfi ^ # IT ^ 1 VAUD ONLY IF COMPUTER PfilNTEO VAUO FOR 3 MONTHS ONLY INSTRUHEffTS FOR ? l.SO.OOO/- { ABOVE ARE NOT VAUO UNLESS SIGNED BY TWO OFFICERS i'5R57i5ii« □□□□□5000i: □□QUa^n' L&