Sweetheart Abbey is the heart of the tiny community of New Abbey. The ruins of investigating the church and cloister are a good source of inspiration sweetheart abbey for a study of medieval Scotland. Information for Teachers

investigating historic sites sweetheart Abbey 2

Sweetheart Abbey is the heart of was enthroned as King of Scots in 1292 the tiny community of New Abbey. but then stripped of his regalia by Timeline The romantic ruins of the church Edward I of England in 1296. 1273 Lady Devorgilla and cloister are still beautiful and In the fourteenth century the abbey founds Cistercian a visit here is a good source of Sweetheart Abbey came under the patronage of Archibald inspiration for a study of medieval ‘the Grim’ Douglas, Lord of Galloway. His 1292 John Balliol, son Scotland. donations enabled the monks to rebuild of Devorgilla enthroned King of Scotland by Historical background after the wars. Edward I of England When John Balliol, founder of Balliol In the sixteenth century the local Lord 1296 John Balliol College, Oxford, died in 1269, his wife, Maxwell, a devout Catholic, became an stripped of kingship by Lady Devorgilla was distraught. Not ardent supporter of Sweetheart. When Edward I content with carrying his embalmed he was orderd to destroy the buildings 1299 Abbey property heart with her at all times, she founded following the Reformation of 1560, he damaged during a Cistercian monastery in his memory. refused. This defiant attitude persisted hostilities with England The abbey was named Sweetheart with the last abbot of the abbey, Gilbert 1380s Archibald ‘the Abbey in tribute to her wifely devotion. Broun. Refusing to adopt Protestantism, Grim’, Earl of Douglas he remained at the abbey until 1587 This was the last monastery of any patronises Sweetheart before he was forced into exile. size to be established in Scotland. The Abbey He returned twice more, enduring Cistercian order was characterised 1381 Abbey struck by imprisonment in Blackness Castle and by austerity and their abbeys were lightning the burning of his Catholic books and traditionally sited in remote places, to artefacts before he finally gave in. He post-1513 Abbey under which they brought sheep farming and protection of Earl of died in France in 1612. wealth from wool exports. Maxwell The buildings of the abbey gradually fell The abbey buildings rose swiftly, with 1587 Last abbot refuses into ruin, a convenient source of stone enough in place by the end of the to abandon Catholicism; for local buildings. In 1779 a group of thirteenth century for over £5000 worth forced into exile local people banded together to raise of damage to be inflicted on abbey 1731 New church built funds to preserve what was left of the property during the first stages of the against south wall of old abbey church. Finally in 1928 the wars with England. The damage may nave; demolished in 1877 abbey church and surrounding ruins have been due to its royal connections. 1779 Church acquired by were taken into state care. Devorgilla’s son, also called John Balliol local gentry to ensure its preservation 1928 Abbey taken into state care

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Monk Fact File

Daily Programme Who were the monks of How was the monastery A monk’s life was dedicated Sweetheart Abbey? organised? to serving god and his day was structured around a The monastery at Sweetheart Abbey At the head of the monastery was programme of prayers and was a Cistercian monastery. Founded the abbot, responsible for the services. In summer, the at Citeaux in France in 1098, this order overall spiritual life of the monastery. programme might be as of monk lived very simply and humbly, However, he was often absent involved follows: often in remote places. Monks were in meetings with the Parliament and the monarch. Below him were 0130 Prayers followed usually adults who entered the order by sung service of their own free will and tended to a number of other office bearers, Nocturns come from better-off local families. The known as the obedientaries. The majority spent their entire lives within prior was responsible for the day to 0330 Matins prayers. the abbey, devoting themselves to a day organization and discipline of the Back to bed. formal round of worship and abbey monastery. Below him were a number 0600 Prime prayers works. To start a monastery there had to of other office bearers with other – first mass of the be thirteen monks, representing Christ responsibilities as follows: sacristan – day and the twelve disciples, sent out from church furnishings; precentor – church Chapter Meeting. another abbey and accompanied by ten services: cellarar – food, drink and fuel; kitchener – cooking; fraterer – the 0800 Terce prayers and lay brothers. They lived communally, sung mass following strictly the rules set out by running of the refectory, crockery, table St Benedict in the sixth century. The linen; chamberlain – housekeeping 0900 Reading monks dedicated their lives to opus dei including care for clothes; almoner 1130 Sext prayers – the work of god, an ceaseless round – distribution of charity to the needy. 1200 Main meal of the of prayer and at least in the early days, Other jobs included responsibility for day. Rest and of manual labour. They lived a life of the sick, visitors, the church treasures private prayer. poverty, chastity and strict obedience to and so on. Within the monastery there the rules of the order. The abbey itself, also lived between twenty and forty 1430 None prayers. however, became wealthy on the back lay brothers, who were the working Physical work of sheep farming and wool exports. The members of the community and took 1730 Supper monks themselves wore rough, undyed on many of the roles of servants and white habits and so were often known workmen. 1800 Vespers as the white monks. 1930 Light supper, followed by Compline service. 2015 Bed time

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What was it like to be a monk? Work ranged from gardening and farming to copying manuscripts. After Monasteries were generally wealthy the initial enthusiasm at the founding organizations, often receiving of the order, hard physical labour patronage and donations from the tended to be carried out by the lay crown and noble families. This meant brothers. that the inmates of a monastery were free from the many usual insecurities Food was generally vegetarian and of medieval life. Having said that, frugal, consisting mainly of bread, the life of the monks was founded vegetables and eggs. Fish was served on austerity and frugality, although on a Friday and important visitors certain abbots ended up living would be offered meat on other days. comfortable lives in houses separate After washing their hands outside the from the abbey altogether. refectory, the monks would file through in silence; grace would be said, a gong Their lives were communal and would sound and then the meal could controlled to an extent which is hard begin. Throughout the main meal a for us to imagine today. They slept in monk would read from a religious text. their habits in order to be ready for Meals were eaten in silence; however night services and even when sleeping sign languages evolved to enable followed the Rule about how their monks to request certain items. arms should be folded. Monks were required to keep total silence – apart Aside from seasonal variations and from the sung prayers – between annual religious events, life was Compline and Prime. Outwith those punctuated by certain domestic rituals hours there were occasions when or events. Every week the monks would quiet speech was permitted in certain wash each others feet in a ritual known areas of the Abbey. as the maundy. Every three weeks or so there would be communal head Second only in importance to prayer shaving to maintain the tonsure. was the daily Chapter meeting. At this meeting, monks read a chapter The number of monks at Sweetheart from St Benedict’s Rule, the sixth was small and members of the century guidebook for a monastic community would live together for life. Any administrative issues were a long time. The closeness of the also discussed here and monks were community and the tranquility and able to confess and be disciplined serenity of the routine provided a accordingly. secure environment in the service of god, which was certainly attractive to a select number.

HISTORIC SCOTLAND education sweetheart Abbey 5 Supporting learning and teaching A visit to Sweetheart Abbey is particularly appropriate Before the visit Working on site for teachers working on class • It would be helpful if pupils had Pupils should be encouraged to look study topics such as: an idea of some of the key terms for physical evidence. Useful starting • The Middle Ages relating to the abbey life e.g. points are: • The Reformation monastery, monk, abbot, lay • What materials were used to The Curriculum for brother, nave, tower, aisle, altar, Excellence aspires to construct the abbey? Where did they chapter, chapel, Reformation, motivate and challenge pupils come from? Why have some survived Mass, tomb. These and other through a wide range of and not others? varied learning experiences. terms could be collated into a class Site visits have a particular dictionary. • How was the abbey protected role to play in joining up against intruders? • The abbey has changed dramatically learning outcomes across the • Can you see any ways in which the curriculum. A visit, and use of over the years. Discuss with pupils the supporting materials, will how and why buildings change. abbey has changed? help to: Discuss how wind and weather can • What evidence is there for daily life? • develop successful affect a building as well as deliberate Pupils can record by: learners by challenging destruction. pupils to consider how life • Taking notes has changed for people. • The role and extent of the power It will help them to think of the Church in medieval times is • Making quick drawings critically about evidence hard for today’s children to grasp. • Taking photographs and arrive at their own Research into everyday life at this conclusions. time will help show its influence • Using tape-recorders to describe • develop confident – for example, the paying of teinds what they see, hear, feel and smell. individuals. Pupils wilI or tithes to the local church. learn about aspects of On the Historic Scotland website: their community’s past, • Discuss and research what it would www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/ develop an understanding have been like to live in a monastery education_unit teachers can find of social changes, establish or convent. Investigate the everyday additional resources to help with work some of their own values on site. These include compiling an and communicate lives of monks and nuns. If possible, their views on different make contact with a contemporary Evidence Record and My Impressions historical and social issues. monk or nun to discuss how they Record. • develop responsible live today and what their motivation Suggestions for follow-up work citizens. It will help to is. increase pupils’ social Following the visit pupils can pool their • Help pupils gain a clearer grasp of and historical knowledge findings in groups to create a fuller the time scale by making a time and understanding and record of the abbey and the lives of encourage greater respect line with them, counting back the the people who worked there. This for their own historic and centuries and then marking on key could form the basis for a range of built environment. events. This could be added to after presentation activities, for example: • develop effective the visit. contributors by • A poster, leaflet or guide book for broadening pupils’ future visitors knowledge and understanding through • A slide show with commentary of investigative, creative and their visit critical thinking. • Imaginative writing based on the lives of the monks at the abbey

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Plan of Sweetheart Abbey On the trail of the monks of Sweetheart Abbey There is much to explore 8 Precinct Wall in the Abbey. Our suggested tour route focuses on features which Stair highlight aspects of the 6 North lives of the monks in the Aisle Transept monastery. It takes in eight locations, marked Site of Screen on the plan to the right: 1 West Gate Nave Choir Presbytery Porch 3 1. The West Entrance 5

2. The Cloister Aisle South 3. The Crossing, Nave Transept Position of and Choir Cloister Walk Night Stair 4

4. Devorgilla’s Tomb Car Park and Toilets Library 5. The Presbytery Sacristy 7 6. The North Transept Chapter Cloister Garth House Walk 7. The Cloister Buildings Walk Monks Cemetery 8. The Precinct Wall Treasury?

2 Parlour Background information

Warming is given in the pack for Walk Stewards’ each location. It is written Office House in simple language so Probable Site Daystair of Reredorter that an adult helper can Site of Kitchen read aloud to pupils if Probable Site of Frater Probable Site desired. of Dayroom Monks’ Dorter Over and Novices Also included are Room suggested questions for Site of Laybrothers’ Range discussion.The focus is on encouraging pupils to interpret the building and deduce what they can from clues they see around them. Ideally divide your class into groups of about ten with an adult helper for each group. Allow about forty- five minutes for the suggested tour.

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Tour notes: On the trail of the Did you know...

Devorgilla always carried monksof Sweetheart Abbey John’s heart with her in Outside the Abbey its special casket. She Setting the scene. This can be read to pupils. called it her ‘sweet silent Why do you think this abbey is called Sweetheart Abbey? The story is that about companion’. At meal seven hundred years ago there lived a lord and lady. She was called Devorgilla, times she even gave the Countess of Galloway and he was called John Balliol from the north of England. heart its own portion of They loved each other very much and when John died, Devorgilla was devastated. food – which was later She decided to keep his heart with her at all times, so before he was buried, she passed on to the poor. had his heart cut out of his body, embalmed and then placed in an ivory container which she always carried with her. But it wasn’t enough. She wanted something which would last for longer. She decided to build an abbey here in memory of him and start a community of monks who would live and work at the abbey. The monks were obviously very romantic monks, because they decided that the abbey should be known as Sweetheart Abbey after the two sweethearts in the story, Devorgilla and John. Devorgilla lived another twenty years after her husband and was eventually buried in the abbey with her husband’s heart alongside her.

Abbey across cloister

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Location 1: The West Gate

Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils. • The monastery at Sweetheart Abbey used to be like a bustling little village. The monks would live here, work here and of course would spend a lot of time in the abbey church itself, attending church services and praying. Most of the buildings have gone, but there’s still quite a lot of the church left. • This used to be the main entrance to the abbey church but it was only used on special days. West Entrance to the Abbey • Look at the big arch of the window, with the three arches at the bottom and the Church star shape at the top. This used to be one huge window. In 1381 the church was struck by lightning and the window was damaged. When they rebuilt it, they added more stone to try and make it stronger.

Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses There used to be a porch around the door. Stones which stick out above the Can you find the stones which used to door. support the roof of the porch?

The wooden gate is modern. There used to be Big bolt holes on right side of a big wooden door which fitted exactly into doorway. the door space. Can you see how it would have locked?

What colour is the stone of the church? Red (sandstone). What colour is the stone for the local houses Grey (granite). and the stones in the fields round about? Do you think the stone for the church came Stone probably came from a from nearby? How did it get here? quarry about 10 miles away. Carried here by boat on the nearby river Nith.

Walk round into the cloister area.

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Location 2: The Cloister Did you know... Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils.

The monks who lived • This square of grass used to be a lovely garden. All around it were covered here were known as the walkways where the monks would walk, study and pray. This whole area is called ‘white monks’ because the cloister. the clothes they wore • There used to be about 15 monks who lived here. Their leader was called the were woven from undyed abbot. Opposite where we are standing is where the monks would live and work. wool. The monks slept in a dormitory above the remains of the buildings you can see. We’ll have a closer look at those buildings later. • As well as the monks, there would also be about 40 men working at the abbey who were called lay brothers. The lay brothers were ordinary men who lived here too and helped the monks with some of their work. Where we are standing used to be workshops and store rooms. The lay brothers would sleep in dormitories above the workshops. • Where the steward’s kiosk is now, there used to be the kitchen and dining room for the monks. If you look on the board near the steward’s kiosk, you can get an idea of what the abbey used to look like. • This was a private place for the monks and the gate was guarded to prevent unnecessary interruptions. Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses Look at the gate into the cloister. There used to Alcove between two shields at View across cloister be a little statue on the gate. Can you see top of archway. where it would have been? The monks grew herbs and flowers in To flavour food and also to make the garden. What do you think they used medicine. them for? Flowers placed on church altar. What do you think happened to all the stone Taken away to be used for other from the buildings that used to be here? buildings once the abbey stopped being used.

Go through the arch in the north wall of the cloister and into the church itself. Stand Cloister gate: shields and in the centre beneath the roofless tower and look west (towards the car park). statue niche

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Location 3: The Crossing, Nave and Choir Did you know... Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils.

Sometimes the monks • This church was built in the shape of a cross. We are standing at the ‘crossing would fall asleep during point’ now. the night time services. • The monks spent a lot of time in this church. They would attend eight church When this happened services every day, starting at 1.30 in the morning! The services included lots of one of the officials would praying. The prayers were sung. come and wave a lantern • Go down to the end wall by the entrance gate. Walk back up and count the pairs in the sleeping monk’s of pillars either side. Stop when you’ve counted four pairs of pillars. At this point face to try and wake him there used to be a big wooden screen. The lay brothers would stay on one side of up! the screen. Their part was called the nave. The monks would stand on the other side to sing their prayers. Their part of the church was called the choir. • There is a passage way very high up which goes round the top of the walls. Have a look for it here, and as you’re going around, look for entrances to the passage ways on top of the walls.

Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses Look up to the high tower. Can you see Clear marks showing original where the roof used to be? position of roof. Look closely at the pillars.On some of them A sign that there was once a fire you can see big cracks going up and down. in the abbey. Cracks like these usually happen if the stone gets very hot. Why do you think there are cracks here? The tower and pillars are very high. How do First they built wooden The Crossing you think the builders managed to get so scaffolding. high to build them?

Turn right into the South Transept. Go and stand by the big tombstone.

View west down nave

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Location 4: Devorgilla’s Tomb

Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils. Did you know... • Look at the statue on the tomb. Some of the statue is missing but it’s a woman, Devorgilla’s son, John holding something close to her chest. Who do you think it could be? It’s Lady Balliol was chosen to Devorgilla, the woman who founded the abbey, holding her husband’s heart. be King of Scotland by • In the 1560s there was a lot of discussion and argument about religion in Edward I of England. He Scotland. Some people thought that the abbeys should be closed down to make only ruled for four years way for a new way of worshipping. When this happened a lot of things in the and fell out with Edward abbey were broken and destroyed on purpose. This tomb was one of the things and the Scottish lords which got broken. Archaeologists found the bits in the 1920s and have tried to too. Then the crown and put it back together again. rich coat were taken • Look at the carved writing on the tomb. It’s in Latin. The words mean: Devorgilla, away from him and he foundress of this monastery, who died in 1284. became known as the Can you find these words? toom tabard – or the empty coat. Just as well Fudatrix = founder Devorgilla had died by Obiit = died this time! MCCLXXXIIII = 1284 In fact they made a mistake. She actually died in 1289. • The walls in this area are still whitish. The whole abbey church used to be painted white inside. The ceiling probably had beautiful paintings on it too.

Tomb of Devorgilla

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Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses On the floor nearby there’s another tomb. Crook – idea of the abbot being This was for the very first abbot of the like a shepherd looking after the monastery – Abbot John. Can you see a monks who were like sheep. shepherd’s crook and a plant on the tomb? Plant – the new monastery was What do you think they could mean? like a plant starting to grow. Look up at the ceiling. Can you see a shield? When new it had a heart, three What is on the shield? stars and crosses. This is the shield of the Douglas family. They gave a lot of money to the abbey.

Tomb of Abbot John Step back from the tomb and look at the big south wall, which has a doorway at the bottom.

Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses The arch to the right of the door in the end Led into the monk’s dormitory. wall here isn’t a window at all – it used to be a door. Where do you think it used to lead? Why do you think they had a door here? Easier to get to the church quickly at night time.

Return to the crossing. Turn right into the east end of the church.

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Location 5: The Presbytery

Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils. • This part of the abbey church was the most special and holy part of the church. This was where the main church services took place. There used to be a big altar beneath the end window. • This was where Devorgilla was originally buried. There is now a modern stone slab in the place where her grave used to be. As well as founding the abbey, Devorgilla also gave a lot of money to a university college in Oxford. The college had been founded by her husband and was named after him – Balliol College. • Look for entrances to the wall passage either side of the big end window.

Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses The priest and his assistants had a special A stone bench beneath three place to sit during the Mass. Look around stone arches on the south (right and see if you can find where they sat. hand) wall. These were called the sedilia – Latin for seats. They used silver plates and jugs during There is an alcove which used to the services. Can you see where they would have a drain to the left of the have washed them after the service? stone bench. Look at the stone slab. Who put it here People from Balliol College put it and why? here to mark 700 years of the college. The windows used to have coloured glass Bright colours would fall on the in them. How would it look when the sun altar – very beautiful and shone through the windows? impressive.

Walk down the aisle again and turn right into the North Transept.

View East to Presbytery Sedilia in Presbytery

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Location 6: The North Transept

Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils. Did you know... • In this part of the church you can see how the monks would climb up to the high Life was quite strict for passage way. Unfortunately it’s not safe for us to go up there, but can you see the the monks. If you did entrance? (stair way in left hand corner – barrier across). something wrong, you • If you look up to the right of the window in the end wall, you can see the narrow could be flogged in stairs that the monks would climb. front of everyone. Other • The monks would come in here for private prayers. There used to be an altar here punishments included too, against the east wall. having to lie in the doorway to the church, so that everyone had to Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses step over you. Why do you think the monks would To check the building – want to go up high? maintenance.

Cross over to the South Transept again and then out through the doorway into the cloister area. Stand by the remains of the stone buildings here.

Steps leading to high View up tower walkway

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Location 7: The Cloister Buildings

Did you know... Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils.

The monks spent a lot • This was the main area where the monks lived and worked. If you look back at of time in silence. At the church wall, you can see the doorway which led from the dormitory into the meal times they were church. not allowed to talk at all. • The biggest room was called the chapter house. It is the second room along from Some monks developed the church, with an arched window. The monks met in this room every day to a kind of sign language have a meeting. They would read a chapter of a rule book written long ago by a so that they could monk called St Benedict. He wrote a book with lots of guidance about how to be communicate during a monk. It’s still used in monasteries today. meals. To ask for bread • The big window in the chapter house has moved around a lot. It probably started you had to draw a circle out in the monks’ dining room, then was moved later into another church in the air with the thumbs which was built here and finally ended up here in 1877. It must be a very special and first two fingers of window! both hands. • When they weren’t busy in the church, the monks had lots of work to do. They had to work in the fields to produce food, they ran a grinding mill and they had to fetch firewood for cooking. The lay brothers would help them with these jobs. • All the monks spent part of each day sitting in the cloister, studying or copying out versions of the Bible. If you look near the door that leads into the church from the cloister, you can see a cupboard space set into the wall. This was where the monks kept their books.

Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses Look for the stone seats in the chapter house. Below window. Where do you think the abbot would sit? Look back at the end wall of the church. Clear triangular markings showing Can you see where the roof used to be? where roof used to be. Look at the clever way that the builders built the window around the shape of the roof. South wall and cloister buildings • The two rooms at the other end were where the monks could relax. One room was called the parlour – this was the only room where the monks were allowed to talk to each other – but only about official business. The end room was the warming room, where there was a fire for the monks to warm up by. Can you see any signs of a fireplace here?

Our suggested tour of the Abbey site is finished now. However, if you have time it’s worth going to have a look at the ancient precinct wall, which marked the boundary of the abbey. Go round the west end of the church, into the graveyard and then through the snicket gate. You will find yourself walking along side the precinct wall. Remains of Chapter house Nearby, on the other side of the wall is the river.

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Location 8: The Precinct Wall

Background information for teachers. This can be read to pupils. Did you know... • When the monks first came here this was a remote part of Scotland. Their first When a monk was dying, challenge was to clear a space where they could build the abbey. They had to the other monks laid out clear all the stones from the area. They used them to build a high wall around the a big cross made of ashes abbey on three sides. On the fourth side they dug a huge ditch and filled it with on the floor. They laid out water. the monk’s body on top • They also used the wall to mark very clearly where the world of the abbey began of the cross. and ended. Once they entered the monastery, the monks would not leave this area. It became their world. • The monks in this area were very good at sheep farming. The abbey became quite rich because the monks could sell the wool. • This became the local cemetery after the abbey was no longer in use. The monks used to be buried here.

Teacher prompts Desired pupil responses Can you think of any other reasons why To keep the buildings safe from they built a wall around the abbey? attack. As you’re walking around the wall, you will Washing, cooking, flushing toilets, pass the river. What do you think the monks drinking, fish ponds transporting used the river for? heavy goods. Also used to run the mill further in the village.

Abbey from Cemetery If you have time, you could wander through the village and have a look at New Abbey Corn Mill, built on the site of a mill constructed by the monks of the abbey.

Precinct Wall

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Visiting Sweetheart Abbey Additional resources Historic Scotland Education Unit: Pre visits: We strongly recommend that FAQ For further information about school teachers should make a free visit to the Q What is the visits, activities and resources for abbey to familiarise themselves with minimum number of teachers visit: www.historic-scotland. the site and to make a risk assessment adults required for gov.uk/education_unit supervision? before bringing school parties. 1 adult to 10 pupils. For teachers A Booking a visit: Phone 01387 850397 Richardson, J S Sweetheart Abbey Q Is there disabled to book a visit, discuss your needs 1995 Historic Scotland. The official access? and confirm opening times with the guidebook to the site which includes A Wheelchair users can Steward. If staff are available, it may be detailed information, maps and lots of gain access to the abbey possible to arrange a guided tour. complex ; the walk round photographs. the precinct wall may Cost: Admission is free to a range of Hebron, S Life in a Monastery 1998 cause some difficulties. educational groups including school Pitkin. Though slanted towards parties. More information about who English sites, a useful guide to Q Are there lunch facilities? qualifies for free visits can be found on life in monasteries with plenty of photographs. A Pupils can picnic on site. the Historic Scotland Education Unit In poor weather pupils website (see below). Fawcett, R. Scottish Abbeys and Priories can shelter in the south 1994 Batsford/Historic Scotland – More Location: In the village of New Abbey, transept. detailed and specialist architectural about 7 miles south of Dumfries. information. Q Where are the toilets? Parking: Coaches can park outside the www.bbc.co.uk/history/ A Toilets are available by the car park. abbey. scottishhistory/index.shtml A clear overview of the period with helpful Health and safety: Please note the Q Do you carry out risk essays on the medieval church and following: assessments on behalf of Reformation. schools? • Pupils should not run around www.scran.ac.uk Images of objects Risk assessment of the A unsupervised and should not climb on site is the responsibility associated with the medieval church of the teacher in charge the walls. and lots of photographs and engravings of the group. Hazard • As part of our commitment to Green of the abbey. information sheets, Tourism, we ask that any rubbish be available on the education For pupils disposed of back at school. section of the Historic Deary, T Horrible Histories: Bloody Scotland website, provide Acknowledgements Scotland, 1998 Scholastic. information that can help you prepare your risk Photographic Credits: All photographs Newbery, E Lookout! Mostly Monks 1999 assessment. Crown Copyright Historic Scotland Pitkin A lively pocket sized booklet (with stickers); useful pictures and Q Is there a shop? Text: Elspeth Mackay information. A There is a small kiosk Series Editor: Sue Mitchell www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/ that sells postcards, Design: N&EInteractive guidebooks and sysm/scots/index_choice.shtml This souvenirs. Layout and print production: The House website looks at the life of monks in pre- Special thanks to Chris Tabraham and Visitor Reformation Scotland. Services staff at Sweetheart Abbey www.ltscotland.org.uk/scottishhistory An excellent library of resources with some good pages on the Reformation.

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