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Reclaiming the Dynamics of Ignatian Spiritual Conversation: Towards Constructing a Spiritual Conversation Paradigm for Ongoing Apostolic Discernment in Bihar, India

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Reclaiming the Dynamics of Ignatian Spiritual Conversation: Towards Constructing a Spiritual Conversation Paradigm for Ongoing Apostolic Discernment in Bihar, India Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations Student Scholarship 4-2020 Reclaiming the Dynamics of Ignatian Spiritual Conversation: Towards Constructing a Spiritual Conversation Paradigm for Ongoing Apostolic Discernment in Bihar, India Perianayagam Seluvannan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/jst_dissertations Part of the Religion Commons RECLAIMING THE DYNAMICS OF IGNATIAN SPIRITUAL CONVERSATION: TOWARDS CONSTRUCTING A SPIRITUAL CONVERSATION PARADIGM FOR ONGOING APOSTOLIC DISCERNMENT IN BIHAR, INDIA A thesis by Perianayagam Seluvannan, S.J. Presented to The Faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Licentiate in Sacred Theology (STL) Berkeley, California April, 2020 The Committee Signatures ____________________________________________ Prof. Elizabeth Liebert, S.N.J.M., Director Date ____________________________________________ Prof. Eduardo Fernández, S.J., Reader Date Table of Contents General Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One: The Context of Bihar today—the Place of Spiritual Conversation and Apostolic Discernment .................................................................................................... 11 1.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 11 1.1. Bihar Context ......................................................................................................... 12 1.1.1. Demography of Bihar ...................................................................................... 12 1.1.2. Social Context.................................................................................................. 13 1.1.3. Economic Context ........................................................................................... 15 1.1.4. Present Religious Context ............................................................................... 16 1.2. Ecclesiastical Context ............................................................................................ 17 1.3. The Arrival and Starting of Patna Mission by American Jesuit Missionaries ....... 19 1.3.1. The Mission Work among the Anglo-Indians ................................................. 22 1.3.2. Evangelizing Mission in the North of Bihar .................................................... 23 1.3.3. Conversation and Evangelization Mission among the Santals ........................ 28 1.3.4. Conversation and Evangelization among the Dalits........................................ 33 1.3.4.1. Evangelization of South and East of Patna ............................................... 35 1.3.4.2. Conversation and Evangelization of West of Patna .................................. 38 1.4. Institution and Conversation Mission .................................................................... 40 1.5. Conversation and Collaborative Mission ............................................................... 44 1.6. The Transition and the Challenges ......................................................................... 46 1.7. The Components and Method of Conversation in Patna Mission .......................... 48 1.7.1. Conversation with people ................................................................................ 49 1.7.1.1. Regular Visits to the People ...................................................................... 49 1.7.1.2. Dwelling among the People ...................................................................... 50 1.7.1.3. Intentional Listening and Sharing ............................................................. 51 1.7.1.4. Care for the Whole Person ........................................................................ 51 1.7.1.5. Learning the Customs and Language ........................................................ 52 1.7.2. Conversation among the Jesuits ...................................................................... 52 i 1.8. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 53 Chapter Two: The Nature and Practice of Spiritual Conversation in the Society of Jesus ................................................................................................................................. 55 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 55 2.1. Spiritual Conversation at Loyola, Montserrat, and Manresa ................................. 56 2.2. Spiritual Conversation at Barcelona, Alcalá, and Salamanca ................................ 61 2.3. Spiritual Conversation in Paris ............................................................................... 64 2.4. Conversation in Venice and Rome ......................................................................... 70 2.5. Spiritual conversation in Cum ex Plurium (Since from the words of many) and the Constitutions.................................................................................................................. 75 2.6. Guidelines for Dealing with Persons by the Founding Fathers of the Society ...... 77 2.6.1. Ignatius of Loyola ............................................................................................ 78 2.6.2. Peter Faber ....................................................................................................... 82 2.6.3. Luís Gonçalves da Câmara .............................................................................. 84 2.6.4. Jerome Nadal ................................................................................................... 88 2.6.5. Peter Canisius .................................................................................................. 89 2.7. Theological underpinnings of Ignatian spiritual Conversation .............................. 90 2.7.1. The Conversation of the Trinitarian God ........................................................ 91 2.7.2. The Communication of the Eternal Word in the Incarnation .......................... 93 2.7.3. The Interior and Exterior Communication of the Holy Spirit ......................... 95 2.7.4. Jesus’ Ministry of the Word ............................................................................ 97 2.8. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 98 Chapter Three: A Spiritual Conversation Paradigm for Discerning Ongoing Apostolate ...................................................................................................................... 100 3.0. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 100 3.1. Ignatius’ Conversational Vision of God, Human Person, and the World ............ 102 3.2. The Jesuits’ Understanding of Mission Today ..................................................... 104 3.3. Some Crucial Dispositions for the Spiritual Conversation .................................. 106 3.3.1. Personal Experience and Familiarity with God ............................................. 107 3.3.2. A Sincere Desire to know the Will of God .................................................... 108 3.3.3. Indifference and Inner Freedom .................................................................... 110 3.3.4. Humility and Spiritual Edification ................................................................ 111 ii 3.3.5. The Purity of Intention and Openness to the Holy Spirit .............................. 113 3.3.6. Trust in God and Conversation Partner ......................................................... 114 3.4. Guidelines for the Discernment of Spirits in Spiritual Conversation................... 115 3.5. A Spiritual Conversation Model for the Jesuits in Bihar ..................................... 116 3.5.1. The Collection of Data .................................................................................. 117 3.5.2. Associating with People—the Presence ........................................................ 117 3.5.3. Active Listening to the Private Stories of the People .................................... 119 3.5.4. Attentiveness to the Socio-Economic-Cultural Background in Listening..... 122 3.5.5. Forming Small Conversational Groups among the People to collect Voices for Apostolic Discernment ............................................................................................ 123 3.5.6. Spiritual Conversation among the Jesuits in the Local Communities ........... 126 3.5.7. Election and Decision-Proposal ..................................................................... 128 3.6. Challenges to Spiritual Conversation and Apostolic Discernment in Bihar Context ..................................................................................................................................... 130 3.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 132 General Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 134 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 140 iii General Introduction Seventeen years ago, in 2002, I landed in Patna, the capital of Bihar, India,
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