Forgotten Saint: The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ
Sam Z. Conedera, SJ
52/4 WINTER 2020 THE SEMINAR ON JESUIT SPIRITUALITY
ѡѢёіђѠȱіћȱѡѕђȱѝіџіѡѢюљіѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢіѡѠȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯ
ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ
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CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE SEMINAR
DZȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ
Casey C. Beaumier, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ- ǰȱȱ ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŜǼ
Brian B. Frain, SJ,ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŞǼ
Barton T. Geger, SJǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱѡѢёіђѠDzȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŗřǼ
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¢ȱȚȱŘŖŘŖȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ
ȱŗŖŞŚȬŖŞŗř ќџєќѡѡђћȱюіћѡDZȱ ѕђȱіѓђȱюћёȱџіѡіћєѠȱќѓȱ љѓќћѠќȱюљњђџңћǰȱ
ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ śŘȦŚȱȱȱȱȱyȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŘŖŘŖ a word from the editor…
Nicholas Bobadilla (1511–1590) and Simão Rodrigues (1510–1579), not St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552), were supposed to go to India. Their mis- sion came in response to a request by King John III of Portugal (1502– 1557), who had asked Ignatius for several Jesuits to convert the peoples in his colonial empire.
Ignatius’s initial choices did not pan out. Bobadilla fell seriously ill, so Ignatius turned to his dear friend Xavier, who is said to have replied with a free and simple, “Here I am.” But when Xavier and Rodrigues arrived at the royal court, they impressed the king so much that he asked Rodrigues to remain and work in Portugal instead.
These unexpected developments raise interesting questions. If ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ Jesuits be calling him St. Nicholas today? If Rodrigues had joined Xavier in India, would he, too, be on the Roman calendar?
I am not suggesting that Xavier’s canonization was a matter of happenstance. That Xavier was a saintly and industrious man who deeply loved Jesus and the Society that bore his name, I imag- ine most Jesuits will consider beyond question. Nevertheless, two points are worth noting.
First, the Society and King John had many practical motives for promoting Xavier’s cult, among them to increase the status of the Soci- ety in the eyes of its critics, to recruit men to the Society, to inspire men to serve in the overseas missions, and to promote religious and political stability in the East Indies. Indeed, as early as March 1556 (Ignatius was still alive), King John instructed his viceroy in the East Indies to begin
iii conducting interviews about Xavier’s holiness and activities.1 In this light, it is fair to wonder whether the reputations of Bobadilla and Ro- drigues would have received a similar, saintly post-mortem boost had they gone in Xavier’s place.
Second, is there really any reason to believe that Bobadilla and Rodrigues loved Jesus and the Society any less than Xavier? Or that they would not have labored just as zealously for souls in India and Japan?
ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱĚȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ it bears noting that some of the more revered members of the early Soci- ety were guilty of similar misdeeds, at least in essence if not in gravity. For example, Diego Laínez (1512–1565) angered Ignatius by withhold- ing information from him, by criticizing his decisions in front of other Jesuits, and by making indiscreet comments to externs that they could use to put pressure on Ignatius.2 Another time, when Laínez insisted on ȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱĴȱǰȱȃ¢ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱ over the Society and govern it.”3
Likewise, St. Peter Faber (1506–1546) greatly upset Ignatius by fail- ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱĴȱȱDzȱȱȱ ȱĴȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ¢ȱ- tomed to think of Faber as a gentle, accommodating soul:
I recall telling you frequently face to face as well as writing you frequently when we were apart that any member of the Society
1Ⱥȱȱȱǰȱȃȱȱȱȱȱ ȱDZȱȱȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱȱǰȱŗśśśȮŗŜŘŘǰȄȱȱFrancis Xavier and the Jesuit Mis- sions in the Far East: An Anniversary Edition of Early Printed Works, eds. Franco Mormando ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱǻȱ ǰȱDZȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱŘŖŖŜǼǰȱşȮŘŘǰȱ at 9. 2Ⱥȱȱǯȱǰȱ ǰȱ ȱǯȱǰȱ ǰȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱǯǰȱIgna- ȱȱ¢DZȱĴȱȱ (Saint Louis, MO: Institute of Jesuit Sources [IJS], 2006), 395–97. 3ȺȱGonçalves MemǯȱŗŖŚDzȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ£ǰȱ ǰȱǯǰȱRe- membering Iñigo: The Memoriale of Luís Gonçalves da Câmara (Leominster, Herefordshire, UK: Gracewing Publishing, 2005), 62. iv ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ can be shown to anybody. […]
And so I will now repeat once more what I said previously, so that we will all fully understand one another. […]
And so, unless I see you doing this from now on for the greater ¢ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱęȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ importance, will be forced to write and command you under obedience to [follow my instructions]. Having thereby done all that is in my power, I will rest easy, though I would much rather you did not give me cause to write you this way. […]
Busy as some members of the Society may be, I am sure that I am, if not overly so, at least no less busy than anybody else— and with poorer physical health. So far there is none of you I can commend in this manner, though I say this not to point blame but in a general way. […]
ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱĴȱȱ some equivalent reminder in front of you when writing your ȱĴǯ4
So as not to belabor the point, I will simply add that Jerome Nadal (1507–1580) and others provide examples of their own.
Today, Jesuits and friends are readily familiar with the names Ig- natius, Xavier, and Faber. Yet I suspect that many would be hard pressed ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃ¢ȱ ǻѢњі) rightly observed that the others “somewhat shared the same glory” by their simple association with Ignatius and Xavier.5ȱǯȱ ȱǯȱȱ (ѢѐѠ) went a bit further by suggesting that three of them “are often for- ĴȄȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱǯ6
4ȺȱǰȱIgnatius of Loyola, 90–93. 5Ⱥȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃ¢ǰȱ ǰȱ The First Jesuitsȱ ǻǰȱ DZȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Press, 1993), 1. 6Ⱥȱ ȱǯȱǰȱ ǰȱȃȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ DZȱ ȱºǰȱ ȱǰȱȱ ¢ǰȄȱStudies in the Spirituality of Jesuits 29, no. 2 (March 1997): 1.
v ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - complished in his own right and on his own terms—the incredible dedication to a novel and controversial form of religious life, the indefatigable labors and travels, the mortification and prayer and zeal—one can imagine that all of them—yes, even Bobadilla and Rodrigues—could have been canonized in an alternate universe where their fortunes had broken a little differently.
In this issue of ѡѢёіђѠǰȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǻѢѤђ) tries to res- ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ - ȱàȱǻŗśŗśȮŗśŞśǼǯȱǯȱȱǰȱȱǰȱȱ Salmerón sheds great light on the early Jesuits’ preferred method of ȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱĴȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱǯȱȂȱȱȱȱàȂȱǰȱ the people of Naples acclaimed him a saint and clamored for his rel- ics. I was both touched and shocked. It had never occurred to me ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ except the Big Three. Shouldn’t every Jesuit know about this?
ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ friends of what we so often need to hear: that God often saves the best fruit of our labors for centuries yet to come.
Barton T. Geger, SJ General Editor
vi
ȱ ȱ ћѡџќёѢѐѡіќћ ...... 1
ȱ ǯȱȱђљѢѐѡюћѡȱѕђќљќєіюћ ...... 5
ȱ ǯȱюљњђџңћȂѠȱѡѢёіђѠ ...... 7
ȱ ǯȱџђюѐѕіћєȱѡѕђȱ ќѠѝђљ ...... 9
ȱ ǯȱѐџіѝѡѢџђ ...... 13
ȱ ǯȱѕђȱюѡѕђџѠȱюћёȱќѐѡќџѠ ...... 16
ȱ ǯȱѡѕђџȱќѢџѐђѠ ...... 20
ȱ ǯȱќѠȱѐѐљђѠіюђ ...... 25
ȱ ǯȱѕђȱќѐіђѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢѠ ...... 29
ȱ ǯȱ ћȱ ќџюȱќџѡіѠȱќѠѡџюђ ...... 33
vii Sam Zeno Conedera (ѢѤђ), a native of Portland, Oregon, entered the Society in 2006. He studied at Saint Louis Univer- sity, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Ford- ham University, and the Gregorian University. Fr. Conedera has spent most of his Jesuit life in the higher education apos- tolate and is now assistant professor of history at Saint Louis University. He is the author of Ecclesiastical Knights: The ¢ȱȱȱǰȱŗŗśŖȮŗřřŖȱ(Fordham University Press, 2015), and several articles on medieval history and the history of the early Society. viii ĴȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱàǰȱ
ȱǯȱǰȱ
Fr. Alfonso Salmerón, one of the founding fathers of the Society of Jesus, was a brilliant theologian and preacher, and at the time of his death, many revered him as a saint. For reasons unclear, sub- sequent generations of Jesuits relegated him to the shadows of Ignatius, Xavier, Faber, and Laínez. Yet his writings and personal example illustrate well how the early Society understood its charism and its preferred theological method.
Introduction
n his Life and Death of Alfonso Salmerón, the early Jesuit biographer ȱȱȱǻŗśŘŝȮŗŜŗŗǼȱěȱȱ ȱȱȱ I ȱàȂȱǻŗśŗśȮŗśŞśǼȱęȱȱȱDZ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱǻȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱǼȱ ȱǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱǰȱȃȱ ȱȱȱǰȄȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȃȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȄȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȃǰȱ¢ȱǰȱǰȱ¢ȱǰȱǯȄȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱǰȱȃȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǯȄ1
1Ⱥȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱ to his vita ȱ Ç£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗśşŚǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ǻŗśŘŘȮŗŜŘşǼȱȱȱȱȱǻȱȂȱ¢ȱǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱàȂȱCommentariesǯȱȱ 2 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱę¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱ
ȱȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱDzȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ àȱ ȱ¢ȱĴȱȱȱǯ2ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱǯȱȱǯȱȱǻŗşŗŗȮŗşŞśǼǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱ¢ȱȱàǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱĚĴȱȱȱȱǯ3 ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱàȂȱȱȱǰȱ£ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȃȄȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȃ- ¢ǯȄŚȱȱǯȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ǰȱ ȱȱàȂȱ- ȱȱȃǰȄȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱThe First Jesuitsǯ5
ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¥ǰȱAlfonso Salmerón, SJ (1515–1585): Una biografía epistolar ǻDZȱǰȱŘŖŗśǼǰȱ¡ǰȱřśşȮŝŘǯȱȱ ȱȱȱǯ 2ȺȱȱÇȱà£ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ àȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱImago Primi Saecu- liǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱÇȱà£ǰȱ ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱàȱÇ£ǰȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ- àǰȄȱMagallánicaȱŘȱǯȱŚȱǻŘŖŗŜǼDZȱŘşȮśŜǯȱȱȱȂȱȃ¢ȱ- ¢Ȅȱěȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ£ȱǯȱLop ¥ǰ Alfonso Salmerónǰȱřŝǯȱàȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ·ǰȱ Les théologiens jésuites: Un courant uniforme? ǻDZȱ1ȱǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǰȱŗŘǯȱMarius Ȃȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ àǯȱȱǰȱȃȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¡ǰȱŗŜŖŖȮŗŞŖŖǰȄȱȱThe Oxford Handbook of Early Modern Theology, 1600–1800ǰȱǯȱȱǯȱǰȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱǯȱ ǯȱȱǻ ȱDZȱ¡ȱ¢ȱǰȱŘŖŗŜǼǰȱŝśȮŞŞǰȱȱŝŞǯȱàȂȱ ¡ȱ ȱȱĴǰȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǻŗśŜŝȮŗŜřŝǼǰȱȱȱȱ Great Commentaryȱȱȱ ȱǯ 3Ⱥȱȃȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱÊ·ȯ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱ£ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȄȱǻǰȱJay and SalmerónǰȱřśśȮśŜǼǯȱ ŚȺȱ ȱ ǰȱȃȱàDZȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȄȱǻȱǯǰȱ ¢ȱȱ ¢ǰȱŗşŝŚǼǰȱřŚǯȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǯȱ ȱȱǻŗśřŞȮŗśŞŚǼǯ 5Ⱥȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ǰȱThe First JesuitsȱǻǰȱDZȱ ȱǰȱŗşşřǼǰȱŘśşǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 3
ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱ ȱàȱěȱȱȱȱȱęȱDZȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱȱmagnum opusDZȱ ȱȱȱCommentaries on the Gospel History and Acts of the Apostles ǻȱCEH) ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱĴǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ŗśşŝȱ ȱ ŗŜŗśǯ6ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ It is a testimony to Salmerón’s ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ talent and diligence that . . . he ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ was able to pass doctoral exams ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ - in theology at Bologna in 1549. ions sought to integrate learning, ǰȱ ȱ ȱ £ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱConstitutions ȱȱȃȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȄȱȱȱCommentaries ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱȱȱ- ǯȱàȂȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȂȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱàǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱvita ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǯ7ȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢Ȃȱǯȱ
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6Ⱥȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱàǰȱ Commentarii in Evangelicam Historiam et in Acta ApostolorumǰȱŗŘȱǯȱǻDZȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱŗŜŗŘȮŗŜŗśǼȱǻȱCEHǼǯȱ 7Ⱥȱȱ¥ǰ Alfonso Salmerónǰȱřśşǯ 4 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱŗśŘŞǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯŞȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱ ȱŗśřřǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱÇ£ȱǻŗśŗŘȮŗśŜśǼȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯȱ àȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŗśǰȱŗśřŚǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱàȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ç£ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǻǯȱ ŗśŖŚȮŗśśŘǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱŗśŚŜǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱ- ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǯşȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŖȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱŗśŚşȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ- ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ǯ11ȱ ȱȱĴȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
ŞȺȱȱ¢ȱȱ¤ȱ ȱȱȱŗŚşşȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ǯ şȺȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱColección de cánones y de todos los conciliosǰȱǯȱŚȱǻDZȱŗŞśşǼǰȱŝśśȮŜŘǯȱȱ- Ȭȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȃȱàǰȄȱŘřŜȮśŘǯȱ ŗŖȺȱȂ¢ȱȱȱȱàȂȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱǯȱȂ¢ǰȱTrent: What Happened at the CouncilȱǻǰȱDZȱȱǰȱŘŖŗřǼǰȱśǰȱŗŞŞǯȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱAlfonso Salmeron, and Hubert Jedin, A History of the Council of TrentǰȱŘȱǯǰȱǯȱȱ ȱǻDZȱǰȱŗşśŝȮŗşŜŗǼǰȱǯȱ¢ȱ Ȃȱęȱ ȱǻȱǼȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱàȂȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ 11Ⱥȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ç£ȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱJay and SalmerónǰȱŘśŜǯȱȱȱȱàȂȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ·£ȱǰȱȃȱǯȱȱàȱǯ ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 5
ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱřȱ ȱ- ȱǯ12ȱàȱȱȱŗśŞśǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȂȱȱǯ
ǯȱȱȱ
ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ A ȱàȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ǯ13ȱ¢ǰȱàȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǻ ȱȱȱȱǼǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱ¢Ȅȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱ ǯȱ
ȱȱȱCommentaries ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱȱǻŗśŗŖȮŗśŝŘǼǰȱ ȱȱàȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŗśŜşȱǰȱȃ¢ȱ - ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȄȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ15ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱ¤ǰȄȱMagallánicaȱŘǰȱǯȱŚȱǻŘŖŗŜǼDZȱśŝȮŝşǯ 12ȺȱȱǰȱClaude Jay and Alfonso Salmerón: Two Early Jesuits ǻDZȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱǰȱŗşŞŝǼǰȱřřŗǯ 13Ⱥȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯȱMon- umenta Historica Societatis Jesu. Monumenta Ignatiana. Fontes narrativi de S. Ignatio de Loyola et de Societatis Jesu initiisǰȱǯȱŗǰȱNarrationes scriptae ante annum 1557ȱǻǰȱŗşŚřǼǰȱŜśŞǯ ŗŚȺȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱMonumenta ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱàǯȱ ȱǰȱLe Père Alphonse SalmeronȱǻDZȱ·ȱ ȱ ǰȱŗŞşŚǼǰ ŘŞşǯ 15Ⱥ Epistolae Salmerónis, Societatius Jesu, ex autographis vel originalibus exemplis potis- simum depromptae a patribus eiusdem Societatis nunc primum editaeǰȱŘȱǯȱǻȱŗşŖŜȮ 6 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
£ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ
ȱěȱȱȱȱàȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ Ĝȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯ16ȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ17
ǰȱȱȱȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱ ȱǯȱȱCommentar- ies ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱŝǰŝŖŖȱȬȱ- ȱȱȱ¡ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢¢ǯȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ- ȱǻŗśŚŘȮŗŜŘŗǼǯȱ ȱȱǰȱàȱȱȱȱ Ĝȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱ the CommentariesȱȱȱǯŗŞȱ ȱȱǰȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱę¢ȱȱȱǯŗşȱȱȱ¢ȱ
ŗşŖŝǼȱǻȱESǼǰȱǯȱŘǰȱǯȱřŗŝǰȱŗŞśȮŞŞǯ 16Ⱥȱȱ¥ǰ Alfonso SalmerónǰȱřŜśǯȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ 17Ⱥȱ ȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱǯȱȱ ¥ǰ Alfonso SalmerónǰȱřŝŖǯ ŗŞȺȱESǰȱǯȱŘǰȱǯȱřŗşǰȱŗşŗǯ ŗşȺȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǻŗśŘŘȮŗśşŜǼǰȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱMonumenta ȱȱàǰȱ¢ȱȱàȱȱȱ Commentariesȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŗśŜşǯȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȂȱȱ¢ȱǻȱ¢ȱȱConcordia Evangelica) ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ- ¢ǰȱȱȱǯȱǰȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱ- out the CommentariesǯȱǰȱȱConcordia ȱȱ¢ȱěȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǯȱǰȱȱ¡ȱĜȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǻŗśşśǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱCommentariesǯȱESǰȱǯȱŘǰȱ- The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 7
ȱȱCommentaries ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱǯ
ǯȱàȂȱ
ȱȱ¢ȱȱàȂȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ęȱȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱȱ¤ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ǯŘŖȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCommentaries is that their ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱǯ21
ȱ¢ȱȱ¤ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱ¢ȱ ȱ- Ĵȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ- ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ǯ22ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱǯ23ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱŗśŘŞǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ǰȱĴȱȱȱ
¡ȱřǰȱŞřŚȮřśǯȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱ·ȱ·£ȱȱȱǻǯȱŗśŚŞȮŗŜŗŚǼǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱàȂȱęȱȱȱǰȱȱàȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱ¡¡Ȯ¡¡ǯ ŘŖȺȱȱ¥ǰ Salmerónǰȱřśşǯ 21ȺȱǰȱJay and SalmerónǰȱŗśŚǯ 22ȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗśŘŝȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¤ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱǰȱBiblical Criticism in Early Modern Europe: Erasmus, the Johannine Comma, and Trinitarian DebateȱǻDZȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱŘŖŗŜǼǰ ŚŚǯȱ 23ȺȱȃȄȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¤ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ 8 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯŘŚȱȱ¤ǰȱàȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱ ǯ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱDZȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ- ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢DzȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱDzȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ribadeneira marvels at ȱ ȱ ȱ àȂȱ ȱ - Salmerón’s mastery of the ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯ25ȱ ȱ sacred and profane sciences. Commentaries ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱǯȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢£ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯ26
ŘŚȺȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢£ȱȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ£ǰȱȃȱȱȱ ȱ àȱȱȱûȄȱȱHistoria de la Universidad de Alcaláǰȱǯȱȱ ȱ£ǰȱŘŗśȮŘŘȱǻ¤DZȱȱȱ¤ǰȱȱȱǰȱ ŘŖŗŖǼȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ- ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¤ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŝşǯ 25Ⱥȱ ȱ ·ǰȱ Paris in the Time of Ignatius of Loyola (1528–1535)ǰȱ ǯȱ ȱȱǻǯȱDZȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱŘŖŗŗǼǰȱŗŚŗȮŚŜǯ 26Ⱥȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ¸ȱ Ȃȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ¸ȱȬǯȱǰȱJay and SalmerónǰȱŗśŞǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱCommentaries ȱàȱȱȱȱ ȱȂǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȂȱǰȱºȱ·ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ·ȱ¢ȱȱÇ£ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǯȱàȱ¢ȱ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 9
ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱàȂȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱŗśŚşǯ27ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¤ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱ¢ǯȱ
àȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ£Dzȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ- Ȭ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯŘŞ àȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱĴȱȱ- ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ
ǯȱȱȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Commentaries ȱ àȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱęȱ ǰȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱexempla ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱàȂȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱǰȱȱCommentariesȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻtractatusǼȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ·ǰȱParisǰȱŗśŖǯ 27ȺȱȱĴȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱřŚǰȱŞŚȮŞŜǯȱ àȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱper saltumȱǻ¢ȱ¡- Ǽȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱǯȱȱ - dler, Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773 ǻDZȱǰȱŘŖŗşǼǰȱŞŖǯ ŘŞȺȱȱȱǰȱThe Humanist-Scholastic Debate in the Renaissance and Refor- mationȱǻǰȱDZȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱŗşşśǼǯ 10 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¡¢ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęǯȱ
ȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ŝǰȱ ȱ ȱ àȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱęȱǰȱàȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱę¢ȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǻnon sine magna auditorum voluptate, et iocunditateǼǯŘşȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱěȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻĴȱŚǼǰȱàȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǻĴȱŗŘǰȱȱřǰȱȱŗŗǼǯřŖȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴǰȱ ¢ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ31
ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱàȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȯ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯ32
ŘşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŝǰȱŘŞřǯ řŖȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŝǰȱŘŞřǯ 31ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŝǰȱŘŞŜǯȱȱȱ¡ȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ęȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ǯ 32ȺȱǰȱJay and SalmerónǰȱŗşŞȮşşǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 11
àȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗśŚŞȱȱŗśŚşǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěǯ33 A ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¡¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱǯřŚȱ ȱŗśśŚǰȱàȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯ35ȱǰȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱŗśŜŖȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯ36ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ37ȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯřŞȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗśŜşǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯřş
ȱȱCommentariesǰȱàȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ
33ȺȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŘŞȮŘşǰȱŝŗȮŝŘǯ řŚȺȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱřŘǰȱŝŚǯ 35ȺȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŚŜǰȱŗŗŚȮŗśǯ 36ȺȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŗŚŘǰȱřŝśǯ 37ȺȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŚŜǰȱŗŗśǯ řŞȺȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŝśǰȱŗşŞDzȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŞŚǰȱŘřŘȮřřDzȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱǯȱŗŘŗǰȱřŘŜDzȱESǰȱǯȱ ŗǰȱǯȱŘŖŚĶǰȱśŗşDzȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱ¡ȱǯȱŚǰȱśŞŘȮŞřDzȱESǰȱǯȱŗǰȱ¡ȱǯȱŞǰȱśşŘȮşřDzȱES, ǯȱŘǰȱǯȱŘŚśǰȱŗŖǯ řşȺȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱĚ¡ȱȱȱǯȱESǰȱǯȱŘǰȱǯȱřŗśǰȱŗŞŘȮŞřǯ 12 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯŚŖ Like Jesus, ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱǯŚŗȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱǯŚŘ And they ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯŚř
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱę¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱĜȱȱȱȱ It is clear that Salmerón thought ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ peritis et doctis he was practicing “armored ǻȱǼȱ ȱ ȱȱ - theology,” for military metaphors ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ and polemic abound in his work. ǯŚŚȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȯȱǰȱȱ ȱǯŚśȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǰȱǰȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯŚŜȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱĚȱȱ ȱȱȱȯȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ǯŚŝȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯŚŞȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯŚş
ŚŖȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŚşǰȱŗřŘǰȱŜŗśǯ ŚŗȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŝřǰȱŗŞŘDzȱǯȱŚǰȱŜŝǯ ŚŘȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱřŗřǯ ŚřȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŗŖřǯ ŚŚȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱřśŞǰȱśřŖǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱ¢ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŚşǯ ŚśȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŘŖŚǯ ŚŜȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱśŘŜǯ ŚŝȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŘŞřȱǻŚǼǯ ŚŞȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱśŘŝǯ ŚşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŗŚŜǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 13
àȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯśŖȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ51ȱàȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ52ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ àȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǯ53
ǯȱ
n his vitaǰȱȱȱȱàȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱCommentaries ȱȱ ȱȱȱ I ȱàȂȱȱ ǯśŚȱ ȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱĚ ȱȱȱǯ55 àȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȂȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱàȂȱȱǯ56ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱ- ǯȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱmeditates on the law of the Lord day
śŖȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱśŘřǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŜśǯ 51ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱřřŜǯ 52ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŗŝşDzȱǯȱřǰȱřŜřǯ 53ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŗśŖǯ śŚȺȱȱ¥ǰȱSalmerónǰȱřŜşǯ 55Ⱥȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȃ¢ȱȄȱȱ¢ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱCommentariesǰȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱǯȱCEH, ǯȱŗǰȱȕȕřǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřřřǯ 56Ⱥȱàȱęȱȱ¢¢ȱȱarcanum sive rem secretam aliquam et occultam, id est quae fugiat omnem sensum, et rationem humanamǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱŗŖŗǯȱ 14 X ȱǯȱǰȱ and nightȱǻȱŗǼǯȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Commentariesǯȱàȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȃȱȱȱǰȄȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ àȱ £ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱàȱěȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯ57ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ - ǰȱȱȱǯȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȂȱȱȱȱȱǯśŞȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǰȱàȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯśşȱȱěȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȂȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- phasis throughout the Commentariesǯ
àȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ
57Ⱥȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱDZȱ ǰȱ¢ǰȱ- ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱşŞǯȱàȂȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȱę- ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻcoeli coelorumǼȱ ȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱśǰȱŘşŗǯ śŞȺȱàȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŘŘřDzȱǯȱşǰȱŗśŗǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱ¢- ¢ȱȱàȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ǯȱ śşȺȱȱŘǰȱřǰȱȱȱȱȱȱşȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱşȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŞȱȱ ȱǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 15
ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ¡ǯȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯŜŖȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ61
ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ àȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ In addition to the Christian ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ sources, Salmerón also has a ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ respectable command of Jewish ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ- authors, mostly Talmudic ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ scholars and medieval rabbis. ȱ àȱ ¢ȱ ȱ - ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ àȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Ĵȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ Commentariesȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱàȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĚ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯ
àȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ- ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱ
ŜŖȺȱ ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŜşDzȱǯȱŝǰȱşŗǯ 61Ⱥȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŜŞǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱŗDZśȱȱȱŘǰȱȃ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱĴȱ¢ǯȄȱ ǰȱȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȂȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŞŖǯȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱŘśȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱŝǯ 16 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȂȱ£ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱǯ62ȱ¢ǰȱàȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱǯ63ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱDZȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯŜŚȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱęȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱàȱȱǯ65 ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱàȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ- ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱǯ66
ǯȱȱȱȱȱ
àȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ sola Scriptura ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȯȱàȂȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ
62ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŚŗȮŚŞǯȱȱȱàǰȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱDZȱęǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱDzȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřşǰȱřŝǯ 63ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŘŜǯ ŜŚȺȱ ȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¡ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŘřǯ 65ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŜśȮŜŜǯ 66ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŘřȮŘŞǰȱŚŗŞȮŘŘǯȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 17
ȱȱȱǰȱǰȱ ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱ- Ȭ ȱęȱȱǰȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱàȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ęȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱĵȱȱǯȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ
àȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱĴȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱàȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěǯ67ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱàȂȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯŜŞ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱàȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻǯȱŗŘŘŜȮŗŘŝŚǼǯȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȃȱȱȄȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŜşȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ
67Ⱥȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯ ŜŞȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱàȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřŞŞǯȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŚŗśǯȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŚŖřǯȱ ŜşȺȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ àȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ 18 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ àȂȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱǯŝŖȱàȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ
àȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯ71ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱConstitutionsǯ72ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱǰȱ¡ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱǰȱȱǯ73ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱàȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢DZ
ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ Ěȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴęȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱĴȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯŝŚ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱESǰȱǯȱŘǰȱǯȱśŘŘǰȱŝŖşȮŗśǯ ŝŖȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǯ 71Ⱥȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřřŜǯ 72ȺȱSpiritual ExercisesȱřśŘȮŝŖǰȱȱřŜřDzȱConstitutions řŜŜǰȱŚŚŜǰȱŚŜŚǰȱŚŜŜǯ 73ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřřśȮřŜǯ ŝŚȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřřŞǯȱ¢ȱǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 19
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ àȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃȱ - ¢ǰȄȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ75 He ad- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ Salmerón saw the church’s public ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - 76 rites and prayer as an expression ǯ ȱ àȂȱ ěȱ of the splendor of the faith and the ȱȱȱȱȱ sacraments, especially the Eucharist. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ - ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢- ǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǯ77ȱȱ ȱȱȱCommentaries ¡¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱĴȱĴǯ
ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȃǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȄȱȱȱȱȃȱȱǰȄȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱàȱȱȱȱtradition in both the singular and the plural, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȃ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǰȄȱȱȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ǯȄȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǻmaioribus nostrisǼȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ǯŝŞȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
75ȺȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱ ȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱ ŚǰȱŗŗřȮŗŚǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱśǯ 76ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřřśǯ 77Ⱥȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŜǯ ŝŞȺȱ CEHǰȱ ǯȱ Şǰȱ ŘřŞǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȃȄȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ££¢ȱ ęǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ àȱ ȱȱȱȱĜ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ 20 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱȱȱǯŝşȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŞŖ
àȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ- uals (libelliǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěǯŞŗ ȱȱǰȱȃȄȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ- ¢ȱȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȃȱȱȱȱǰȄȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱ ǯȱ
ǯȱȱ
àȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ- ǰȱȱ¡ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱĴȱȱ the Commentaries ȱȱȱ¸ȱȂȱǻŗŚśśȮŗśřŜǼǰȱ- ȱȱǻǯȱŗśŖşȮŗśŜŖǼǰȱ ȱȱǻŗŚŜşȮŗśřśǼǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ǻŗśŗŖȮŗśŝŜǼǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ǻŗŚŜŜȮŗśřŜǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǯǯǯȱ ȱ ǻŗŚŜşȮ ŗśřŚǼǯŞŘȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ -
ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ CEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱŚŖŗǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ŝşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱśǯ ŞŖȺȱàȱȱǰȱ ȱĴ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱśǰȱ ŘřşǰȱŚǯ ŞŗȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŘřşǯ ŞŘȺȱȱȂ¢ȱȱàȂȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¡- ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱàȱȃȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ȅȱȱ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 21
ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱàȱȱȱǯŞřȱǰȱ- ȱàȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ ȂȱĴȱȱȱǯŞŚȱǰȱȱȱ¢ǰȱàȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱǻǯȱŗśŖşȮŗśśřǼǯŞś
ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱàȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ- ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȂȱȱǯŞŜ In ȱ¡ȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱàȂȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǯŞŝ
ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱàȱȱȱȂȱǯȱ Ȃ¢ǰȱFirst JesuitsǰȱŘŜřȮŜŚǯ ŞřȺȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĜǯȱȱ¢ȱȱŗȱ ȱśDZŜȮŝȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱàȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŘǰȱŚşȮśŘǯ ŞŚȺȱȱȱśŗǰȱǯ ŞśȺȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱàȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŘǰȱśŖǯȱ ȱȱ ǰȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŘǰȱřśǰȱŞŞǰȱŗŖŖǯ ŞŜȺȱȱȃ ȱȄȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱĴǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȃǯȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȄȱStudies in the Spirituality of Jesuits ŗřǰȱǯȱŚȱǻŗşŞŗǼDZȱŗȬŚŞDzȱȱ Maryks, The Jesuit Order as a Synagogue of JewsȱǻDZȱǰȱŘŖŖşǼǯ ŞŝȺȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ǰȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴ ȱŞȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱęȱ ȱȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŗřşǯ 22 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱǰȱǰȱ ȱȱȱàȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǯŞŞ
àȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱàȱ ȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱęȱȱǰȱȱ - ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱȱŗǰȱȱ¡ǰȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱȱȱęǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯŞşȱȱȱȱȱCommentaries ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȂȱDe doctrina christianaǰȱȱ ȱàȱ ¢ȱȱǯȱàȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Commentariesǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ǰȱ àȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱȱCommentaries ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱȱȯȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¡ǰȱȱàȂȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱnar- ratio rei alicuius verae gestaeȱǻȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯşŖ He ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȃ ȱ¢Ȅȱ ȱ-
ŞŞȺȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱàȱȱ¡ȱ- ¢ȱȱȱǰȱ¡ǰȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱĴȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱşŞǯȱ ŞşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŘřŚȮŚřǯ şŖȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱśřśDzȱǯȱŗǰȱŚŗŘǰȱǯȱŘǰȱŘŚŖǯȱ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 23
ȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯşŗȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ
àȱȱ¡ȱȱěȱȱȱ ȱ- ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱǰȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ He thunders against the behaviors ȱȱȱ ȱ- associated with Carnival ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ (bacchanalia), saying that Satan ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - instituted these days in memory ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ of his triumph over Adam. ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ǯşŘȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ- ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǯşřȱ ȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱ ǯşŚȱàǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ history as a locus theologicus ǻȱǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯşś
şŗȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱǼǻŘǯ şŘȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱŚřşȮśŘǯ şřȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰ ŚŝŗȮśŖśǯ şŚȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰ ŘŗŝȮŘŗǯ şśȺȱ ȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱloci ȱ¢ȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱĴȱǻǼDzȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Ĵȱ ȱȱ Ĵȱviva voceȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱDzȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŝǯ 24 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȂȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ Ȃȱ- ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȬ¡ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ - ǰȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱ¡- ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢DZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱŝǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŜȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǯşŜ
ȱȱ ǰȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- Ȭȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱàȂȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱęǯşŝ
şŜȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŗŝȮŘŖǰȱŘşŞȮřŖŞDzȱǯȱŞǰȱŗŚŖȮŘřŖǰȱǯȱşǰȱǯ şŝȺȱ ȱǰȱȱ¡ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŘşřǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱŜȯȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŗŝŝDzȱ ǰȱSalmerónǰȱŗśŝȮŜŖǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 25
ǯȱMos Ecclesiae
àȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȂȱǯşŞȱȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱàȱ ȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯşş
àȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŖŖ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱęĴȱȱȱ ǰȱàȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ǯŗŖŗȱ ȱȱȱȱĚȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯŗŖŘȱàȱȱȱȱȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱǯŗŖřȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱ
şŞȺȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĜǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱşǰȱǯȱ śǰȱřřŝǯ şşȺȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŘřŝȮřŞǯ ŗŖŖȺȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡DZȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱě¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱśǰȱŗŖŞǯ ŗŖŗȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřŞŝǯ ŗŖŘȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱřŞŝȮŞŞǯ ŗŖřȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱśǰȱŘŝşǯ 26 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱǰȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŖŚȱàȱĚȱȱȱ¢- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱDZȱǰȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱǰȱȱǯŗŖśȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ in nuce ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ into the house of one custom (Ps 67), to ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȂȱǯŗŖŜ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱǰȱàȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯŗŖŝȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱlocus theologicusǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŖŞ In the end, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱǻǼȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŖş His lengthy trea- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱ as De transitu Mariae ǻȱȱȱȱ¢Ǽǰȱ ȱěȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯŗŗŖȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ111
ŗŖŚȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱşŞǰȱřŞŜȮŞŝǯ ŗŖśȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱŘśŗǯ ŗŖŜȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱŘřŝȮřŞǯ ŗŖŝȺȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱĜȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱ ŚǰȱŘŚŜǯ ŗŖŞȺȱ ȱěȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǯȱȱȱ ȱ ¡¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗŚśŞȮŗŚŜŚǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǻŗŚŜŚȮŗŚŝŗǼȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ ȱǻŗŚŝŗȮŗŚŞŚǼȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱęȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱCEH, ǯȱřǰȱŗŗřǯȱǻàȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǼǯȱ ŗŖşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŘşŜǯ ŗŗŖȺȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗŗǰȱŘşŞȮřŘŘǯȱ 111ȺȱȱȱȱAlma Redemptoris Mater, Gaude Virgo Mater Christi, Sola sine The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 27
ȱàȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ112ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯ113ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯŗŗŚȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱǯ115 ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱęȱȱàȱȱȱ- ǯ116ȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ £ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĚǯ117 Although ȱȱȱmos ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ
ȱȱȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ
exemplo, Ut huius almi gratiaǰȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰ řŜǰȱŞřǰȱŘřřǰȱŘśřǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰ ŗŖŞǯ 112Ⱥȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱřşŗǰȱŚŖDzȱǯȱŝǰȱřŖDzȱǯȱşǰȱŞǯ 113Ⱥȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱŗŗŗǰȱŗŗŘȮŗřǯ ŗŗŚȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱŗŖŚǯ 115ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱşŞǯ àȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯ 116ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱŚŗśǯ 117ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱřŗŞǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ěȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ 28 X ȱǯȱǰȱ argue that Hoc est corpus meum ȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŗŞ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȂȱ ȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ àȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ¢ǯȱǰȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȂȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯŗŗş
¢ǰȱàȂȱȱȱȱmos Ecclesiae ȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ In his view, theology that ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ neglects the Fathers will not ȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ¢- be able to understand the true ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ meaning of Scripture, while ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŘŖ theology that neglects the ȱǯ ȱȱȱȱ Scholastics will lack the proper ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ conceptual tools for making ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęǯ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ £ǯ121ȱàȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ salmeronǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱǯ122
ŗŗŞȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱŞŖȮŞşǯ ŗŗşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŞǰȱřŞŞǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱàȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱŘŚǯ ŗŘŖȺȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱàȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŚǰȱśŝřȮŝŚǯ 121ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱŗřŗǯ 122ȺȱǰȱJay and SalmerónǰȱŘşŖǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 29
ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCommentaries is their ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗǰȱ ȱ ȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱàȱǰȱ ȱ- ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱǯ
ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ¢ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱęǯȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŜǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱǯȱ àȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ǯ123ȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ - ȱ¢ȱǯŗŘŚȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ125 It should ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱàȂȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȃȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȄȱ- ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ǯ126ȱȱàȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ127ȱȱȱ
123ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŗŘǯ ŗŘŚȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱřǰȱŘŘŘDzȱǯȱŚǰȱŝŗDzȱǯȱşǰȱŗřŜǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ 125ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŗřǯ 126ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŜǰȱŗřȮŗŚǯȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ 127Ⱥȱ ȱȱŜǰȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱŗŘǰȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗŘǰȱŞşǯ 30 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȂȱ¡¢ȱ¢ǯ
ȱşȱȱȱCommentariesǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱàȂȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱřŝȱȱȱ ǰȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱàȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱÇ£ȱȃȱ¢ȱ¢Ȅȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯŗŘŞȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ àȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱÇ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ àȱȱ ¢ȱȱǯ
àȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ - ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢DZ
ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱDZȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ- ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ¡¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ- ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱĴǰȱȱǽȱ¢ǾȱȱĚȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ
ŗŘŞȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱşǰȱřŖŝǯ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 31
ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ¡ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱDZȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡- ȱȱĚȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ- ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ǰȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱǰȱȱęȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǯŗŘş
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ àȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱàȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ěȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱCommentariesȱȱȱȱ ¡ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱpiisque quibusdam, ac sanctae vitae spiri- tualibus exercitiis ad confessionem generalem, ac meditandae vitae Christi ra- tionem, precationisque studium accommodatis. ȱ¡ȱspiritualibus exercitiis ¢ȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱàȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱǯ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱàȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- Ȃȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱàȱ
ŗŘşȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗŗǰȱŗŜŝǯ 32 X ȱǯȱǰȱ
¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴǯȱ
ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱàȂȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱ ȱÇ£ȱȱàǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯŗřŖȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¤ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯ131ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱàȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱCommentariesǰȱȱȱȱÇ£ǯ132 ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱàȱ ȱ ȱÇ£Ȃȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱàȂȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ133ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱǰȱ that the Commentaries ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱàǰȱȱȱȱȱÇ£ǯ
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ àȂȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱConstitutions
ŗřŖȺȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ç£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ £ǰȱ ȃÇȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱÇ£ǰȄȱȱDiego Ç£ȱǻŗśŗŘȮŗśŜśǼȱȱȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱ Loyola, Preeminent Theologian of the Council of Trentǰȱǯȱȱ£ǰȱǻDZȱ - ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱŘŖŗśǼǰȱŜŞǯ 131Ⱥȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ 132ȺȱCEHǰȱǯȱŗǰȱȕȕśǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ - ȱǰȱJames Laynez: Jesuitȱǻ ȱDZȱ ǰȱŗşŚŚǼǰȱ¡ȱ ǰȱŘŝŗǯ 133Ⱥȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱàȱȱȱÇ£Ȃȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱàȂȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱÇ£ȱ ȱȱȱȱàǯȱàȱǰȱȃ ȱȱ ȱȱěȱ ȱǯȱÇ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȄȱȱ¥ǰȱSalmerónǰȱřśşǰȱřŝŖǯȱ The Life and Writings of Alfonso Salmerón, SJ W 33
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢- ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ Commentaries ȱ¢ȱěȱęȱĚȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱ¢ǰȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęǯȱàȱ ȱȱȱȱterminus ante quem ȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱěȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱǯŗřŚ
ǯ In Hora Mortis Nostrae
ȱȱȱȱȱȱCommentariesǰȱȱȱ- ȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱàȂȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ- ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱCommentaries ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱǰȱàȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱDZȱ ȱȱȱęȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ
ŗřŚȺȱȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱĴ¢ȱǯ 34 X ȱǯȱǰȱ shall appear (Ps 16) and As the hart longs after the fountains of water, so my soul longs after you, O GodȱǻȱŚŗǼǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ135
ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱĴȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯ136 ȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱȱȱǰȄȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ137ȱ ȱǰȱǰȱ- ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱĴȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ¢ǰȱȂȱvita ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱÇȱ£ȱȱȱȬ- ȱǻŗşŚŖȮŘŖŗśǼȱȱȱÇ£ȱ¢ȱȱȱDZȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱǯŗřŞȱ¢ǰȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱàȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ£ȱǯŗřş
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ àǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱęȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱǰȱȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ǯ
135Ⱥȱȱ¥ǰȱSalmerónǰȱřŜŝǯ 136Ⱥȱȱ¥ǰȱSalmerónǰȱřŜŞǯ 137Ⱥȱȱ¥ǰȱSalmerónǰȱŘŖŘǰȱŘřŖǯ ŗřŞȺȱȱȱȱȱȱÇ£ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱÇȱ£ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȃȱÇ£DZȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȄȱȱDiego Laínez (1512–1565): Jesuita y teólogo del Concilioǰȱǯȱ ȱ Çȱȱȱ·ǰȱŗŝȮśřǰȱ ȱŗŝȮŗŞǯȱȂ¢ȱȱȱàȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱÇ£ǯȱȂ¢ǰȱFirst Jesuitsǰȱřŗǯ ŗřşȺȱàȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ- ǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱǯȱCEHǰȱǯȱśǰȱŚŗŖǯ Past Issues of ѡѢёіђѠȱіћȱѡѕђȱѝіџіѡѢюљіѡѦȱќѓȱ ђѠѢіѡѠ
1/1 John R. Sheets, ȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱ DZȱ ȱȱȱ- ȱ(Sep 1969).
1/2 George E. Ganss, ȱȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ǯȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱĜ¢ȱ¢ȱ (Nov 1969).
2/1 William J. Burke, ȱȱȱ(Feb 1970).
2/2 John Carroll Futrell, ȱȱ(Apr 1970).
2/3 Bernard J. F. Lonergan, ȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ(Sep 1970).
3/1 John H. Wright, ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ (Feb 1971).
3/2 Vincent J. O’Flaherty, ȱĚȱȱ ȱȱ(Apr 1971).
3/3 Thomas E. Clarke, ȱ ȯȱ ǵ; John C. Haughey, ȱȱȱȱȱ(Jun 1971).
3/4 Jules J. Toner, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ (Sep 1971).
3/5 John R. Sheets, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱDZȱȱǰȱ ȱ- ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1971).
4/1 David B. Knight, ȱ Ȃȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ(Jan 1972).
4/2 John R. Sheets, William W. Meissner, William J. Burke, Thomas E. Clarke, and John H. Wright, ȱ DZ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǽǾȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ(Mar 1972).
4/3 Ladislas Orsy, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ(Jun 1972).
4/4 George E. Ganss, John H. Wright, John W. O’Malley, Leo J. O’Donovan, and Avery Dulles, ȱ¢ȱȱDZȱȱ¢ȱ(Oct 1972).
4/5 John Carroll Futrell, ȱ DZȱ Ěȱ ȱ ¡ȱ (Nov 1972).
5/1–5/2 Vincent J. O’Flaherty, DZ ȱȱȱ(Jan and Mar 1973).
5/3 Pedro Arrupe, “Art and the Spirit of the Society of Jesus”; Clement J. McNaspy, “Art in Jesuit Life,” in ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ (Apr 1973).
5/4 John C. Haughey, ȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Jun 1973). 5/5 Ladislas Orsy, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ (Oct 1973).
6/1–6/2 John W. Padberg, ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ DZȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ(Jan and Mar 1974).
6/3 David B. Knight, ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ(Apr 1974).
6/4 Jules J. Toner, ȱȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱȱ ȱDeliberatio primorum Patrumǰȱ ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ - ȱ(Jun 1974).
ȱ ŜȦśȱ ȱǯȱĴǰȱȱȬ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ(Oct 1974).
7/1 John H. Wright, George E. Ganss, and Ladislas Orsy, ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ(Jan 1975).
7/2 George E. Ganss, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢; Miss José Gsell and Sister Françoise Vandermeersch, A ȱ¢ȱȱCommunicationsȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ - ȱ¢ǰȱȱ(Mar 1975).
7/3 William J. Connolly, ¢ȱȱȯȱȱ- DZȱȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱ(Jun 1975).
7/4 Thomas E. Clarke, ȱ¢ȱȱȱ; Ladis- las Orsy, ȱȱ DZȱȱĚȱ(Sep 1975).
7/5 Michael J. Buckley, ȱęȱȱȱDZȱȱĴȱȱ ȱ ; John W. Padberg, ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ (Nov 1975).
8/1 Charles E. O’Neill, Acatamiento:ȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱ(Jan 1976).
8/2–8/3 Horacio de la Costa, “A More Authentic Poverty”; Edward F. Sheridan, “The Decree on Poverty,” in ȱȱDZȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱ¢, with discussions by Michael J. Buckley, William J. Connolly, David L. Fleming, George E. Ganss, Robert F. Harvanek, Daniel F. X. Meenan, Charles E. O’Neill, and Ladislas Orsy (Mar and May 1976).
8/4 Robert L. Faricy, ȱ¢DZȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ(Oct 1976).
8/5 Michael J. Buckley, ȱDZȱ ȱȱȱȱ(Dec 1976).
9/1–9/2 Joseph M. Becker, “Section I: The Statistics and a Tentative Analysis”; Ladislas Orsy, Robert F. Harvanek, James J. Gill, David L. Fleming, and William J. Connolly, “Section II: Other Reactions and Explanations from ěȱǰȄȱȱȱȱǯǯȱ ȱǰȱŗşśŞȮŗşŝśDZȱ ȱ¢ (Jan and Mar 1977). 9/3 Robert F. Harvanek, ȱȱȱȱȱ(May 1977).
ȱ şȦŚȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȃȱĴȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȄȱȱȃȱ¢ȱ to Phil Land: Afterthoughts”; Phil Land, “A Reply about the Problemat- ic,” in ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Sep 1977).
9/5 James J. Gill, ȱ Ȃȱȱȱȯȱȱȱ£- ȱěȱ(Nov 1977).
10/1 Alfred C. Kammer, ȃȬȄ: ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ- ȱ; Richard L. Smith, Francisco Ornelas, and Noel Barré, ȱ ȱ(Jan 1978).
10/2–10/3 William A. Barry, Madeline Birmingham, William J. Connolly, Robert J. Fahey, Virginia Sullivan Finn, and James J. Gill, ě¢ȱȱ¡¢DZȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȯȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ(Mar and May 1978).
10/4 Robert F. Harvanek, ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ; Philip S. Land, ȱȱȱ¢ȬȱĴȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱ (Sep 1978).
10/5 John W. Padberg, ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ¡DZȱȱ¡- ȱȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1978).
11/1 Thomas H. Clancy, ȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Jan 1979).
11/2 Dominic Maruca, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱȱ(Mar 1979).
11/3 J. Leo Klein, ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ(May 1979).
11/4 Michael J. Buckley, ȱȱDZȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ(Sep 1979).
11/5 Joseph F. Conwell, ȱ £ȱDZȱȱ ȱȱ(Nov 1979).
12/1 Thomas H. Clancy, ed., ȱDZȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱ ǽĚȱȱęȱ Ǿȱǻ ȱŗşŞŖǼǯ
12/2 Peter J. Henriot, Joseph A. Appleyard, and J. Leo Klein, ȱȱ ȱDZȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ(Mar 1980).
12/3 Joseph F. Conwell, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ(May 1980).
12/4–12/5 J. Peter Schineller, ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ(Sep and Nov 1980).
ȱ ŗřȦŗȱ ȱȱǽ¢Ǿǰȱȱȱ ȱDZȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ(Jan 1981). 13/2 Paul Begheyn, ȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ Ȃȱȱ¡DZȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ(Mar 1981).
13/3 George E. Ganss, ȱȱȱ ȱȂȱǰȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ(May 1981).
13/4 James W. Reites, ǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ(Sep 1981).
13/5 David J. O’Brien, ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ(Nov 1981).
14/1 John W. O’Malley, ȱ ǰȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱDZȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ(Jan 1982).
14/2 Avery Dulles, ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ(Mar 1982).
14/3 Paul V. Robb, ȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ(May 1982).
14/4 Howard J. Gray, ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ DZȱĴȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ(Sep 1982).
14/5 Francisco Ivern, ȱȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1982).
15/1 John W. O’Malley, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡DZȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ(Jan 1983).
15/2 Francis A. Sullivan and Robert L. Faricy, ȱȱȱȱ¡- ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ(Mar 1983).
15/3–15/4 John W. Padberg, ȱ¢ȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱřŘȱ - ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǻȱŘǰȱŗşŝŚȮȱŝǰȱŗşŝśǼȱ (May and Sep 1983).
15/5–16/1 Joseph A. Tetlow, ȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ȱDZȱȱǭȱ ¡ȱ(Nov 1983 and Jan 1984).
16/2 John W. O’Malley, ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱDZȱ àȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ(Mar 1984).
16/3 Daniel J. O’Hanlon, ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ(May 1984).
16/4 Gregory I. Carlson, ȃȱȱȱȱȱȄDZȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Sep 1984).
16/5 E. Edward Kinerk, ȱ ȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1984).
17/1 William C. Spohn, ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ(Jan 1985).
17/2 Brian E. Daley, “ ȱȱȱȄDZȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ(Mar 1985). 17/3 Joseph A. Tetlow, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (May 1985).
17/4 William C. Spohn, John A. Coleman, Thomas E. Clarke, and Peter J. Henriot, ȱȱDZȱȱ¢ȱ(Sep 1985).
17/5 E. Edward Kinerk, ȱ ȱ¢DZȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱ(Nov 1985).
18/1 Donald L. Gelpi, ȱȱ ȱ(Jan 1986).
18/2 Charles J. Beirne, ȱȱ¢DZȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱ(Mar 1986).
18/3 Richard A. McCormick, ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ(May 1986).
ȱ ŗŞȦŚȱ ȱǯȱĴǰȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ (Sep 1986).
18/5 Joseph A. Tetlow, ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Nov 1986).
19/1 John M. Staudenmaier, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ (Jan 1987).
19/2 J. A. Appleyard, ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ (Mar 1987).
19/3 J. William Harmless and Donald L. Gelpi, ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ(May 1987).
19/4 Roger Haight, ȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Sep 1987).
19/5 Philip Endean, ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ǵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ(Nov 1987).
20/1 Dean Brackley, ȱ¢DZȱȱ ȱȱȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ(Jan 1988).
20/2 John W. Padberg, ȱȱȱȱȱȱ(Mar 1988).
20/3 James M. Hayes, John W. Padberg, and John M. Staudenmaier, ¢ǰȱ ǰȱȱ ȱ(May 1988).
20/4 Arthur F. McGovern, ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Sep 1988).
20/5 William A. Barry, ȱȱ¢DZȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1988).
21/1 George B. Wilson, ȱȱȱǵȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ(Jan 1989). 21/2 Adrien Demoustier, “The First Companions and the Poor”; Jean-Yves Calvez, “The Preferential Option for the Poor: Where Does It Come From For Us?”, in ȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ, trans. ȱǯȱDzȱȱȱĚȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ ȱ ǯȱ Voiss, Michael L. Cook, Jack Morris, James E. Royce, Phil Boroughs, J. D. ¢ǰȱ ȱǰȱȱȱĵȱǻȱŗşŞşǼǯ
21/3 Paul A. Soukup, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (May 1989).
21/4 Joseph A. Tetlow, ȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ(Sep 1989).
21/5 Past and Present Seminar Members, ȱ¢DZȱȱĚȱ (Nov 1989).
22/1 L. Patrick Carroll, ȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢¢ȱDZȱȱȱ - ȱ(Jan 1990).
22/2 Joseph A. Bracken, ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ(Mar 1990).
22/3 John R. Shepherd with Paul A. Soukup, ȱȱȱDZȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱ(May 1990).
22/4 Michael J. O’Sullivan, ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱ ȱȱ¢¢ȱȱȱȱ(Sep 1990).
22/5 John A. Coleman, ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (Nov 1990).
23/1 Frank J. Houdek, ȱȱȱȱDZȱȯȃȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢Ȅȱ(Jan 1991).
23/2 James J. DiGiacomo, ȱȱȱȱ(Mar 1991).
23/3 Paul Begheyn and Kenneth Bogart, ȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ Ȃȱ- ȱ¡ (May 1991).
23/4 Charles M. Shelton, Ěȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ(Sep 1991).
23/5 David S. Toolan, ȃȱ ȱȱ ȱȄDZȱĚȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ(Nov 1991).
24/1 Frank J. Houdek, ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢DZȱ¡ȱȱȱ (Jan 1992).
24/2 Thomas H. Smolich, ȱȱDZȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ(Mar 1992).
24/3 David J. Hassel, ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ(May 1992). 24/4 Charles M. Shelton, ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱDZȱȱ¢- ȱĚȱ(Sep 1992).
24/5 Michael L. Cook, Ȃȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1992).
25/1 Thomas H. Clancy, ȱ ȱȱȬȱ(Jan 1993).
25/2 John R. Donahue, ȱȱȱȱǵDZȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Mar 1993).
25/3 John W. Padberg, ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ(May 1993).
25/4 Thomas H. Stahel, ȱ ȱȱřŚDZȱȱ ¢ȱȃȱ- Ȅȱȱ ȱřŗǰȱ ȱřŘǰȱȱ ȱřřȱ(Sep 1993).
25/5 John F. Baldovin, ȱ¢DZȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ (Nov 1993).
26/1 Joseph A. Tetlow, ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢DZȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱǰȱŗşŘŖȮŗşşŖȱ(Jan 1994).
26/2 Séamus Murphy, ȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ(Mar 1994).
26/3 John M. Staudenmaier, ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱDZȱ ȱȱ Ȭȱȱȱȱ(May 1994).
26/4 John B. Foley, ȱȱȱDZȱĚȱȱȱ ȱ(Sep 1994).
26/5 Thomas M. Landy, ¢ȱȱȱDZȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1994).
27/1 Brian E. Daley, ȃȱȱȱȱȄDZȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȃȱ ȱȱ ¢Ȅȱ(Jan 1995).
27/2 Edward W. Schmidt, ȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Mar 1995).
27/3 Gerard L. Stockhausen, ȃ Ȃȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȂȱ ȱȱȄDZȱ ȱȱ ȱ(May 1995).
27/4 George M. Anderson, ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ(Sep 1995).
27/5 Charles M. Shelton, ȱȱ ȱDZȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ(Nov 1995).
28/1 Paul Begheyn, ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱ- ǰȱŗşŖŖȮŗşşřȱ(Jan 1996).
28/2 Joseph Veale, ȱ ȱȱȱȃ ȱ¢Ȅȱ(Mar 1996).
28/3 Francis X. Clooney, ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ DZȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱ(May 1996). ȱ ŘŞȦŚȱ ȱǯȱěǰȱȱěȱȱȱȱ¢DZȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ(Sep 1996).
ȱ ŘŞȦśȱ ȱǯȱĴǰȱȱȱȱ ¢DZȱ ȱȱ ȱ- ȱ(Nov 1996).
29/1 Dennis Hamm, ȱȱ DZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ (Jan 1997).
29/2 John W. Padberg, ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ DZȱ- ȱºȱǻŗśŖŖȮŗŜśŘǼǰȱ ȱȱǻŗśŖŞȮŗśŚŗǼǰȱȱ ¢ȱǻŗśŖŚȮŗśśŘǼȱ (Mar 1997).
29/3 Peter D. Byrne, ȱȱȱ¢ȱ(May 1997).
29/4 James F. Keenan, ȱ ȱǵȱ(Sep 1997).
29/5 Ernest C. Ferlita, ȱȱȱȯ ȱȱȱȱǵDZȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ(Nov 1997).
30/1 Paul Shore, ȱȃȱȄȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱ ȱ Ěȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ(Jan 1998).
ȱ řŖȦŘȱ ȱǯȱěǰȱȃ ȂȱȱǰȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱǻȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱǼǵȄDZȱȱȱȱ- ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ(Mar 1998).
30/3 James S. Torrens, ȱȱȱDZȱ ȱ¢ȱȱĚȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ(May 1998).
30/4 Clement J. Petrik, ȱDZȱȱȱĚȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ(Sep 1998).
30/5 Charles J. Jackson, ȱȱȱȱDZȱȱ ȱǰȱŗşśŝȱȱ ȱȯȱȱ¢ȱ(Nov 1998).
ȱ řŗȦŗȱ ȱ ǯȱěǰȱȱȱȱ¡DZȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ(Jan 1999).
31/2 Timothy E. Toohig, ¢ȱDZȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Mar 1999).
31/3 Gerald M. Fagin, ¢ȱȱȱȯȱȱ ȱ(May 1999).
31/4 J. Peter Schineller, ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ DZȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ(Sep 1999).
31/5 Lisa Fullam, ǰȱ DZȱȱȱǻȱǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ(Nov 1999).
32/1 John P. Langan, ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ(Jan 2000).
32/2 Richard A. Blake, ȱ ȱȱ¢DZȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱǻȱŘŖŖŖǼȱǽȱȱȱȱȱȱȃřŗȦŘǯȄǾǯ 32/3 Charles M. Shelton, ȱȱ ȱȱDZȱȱȱ - ȱ(May 2000).
32/4 William A. Barry, ǰȱǰȱȱDZȱȱ ȂȱĚȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Sep 2000).
ȱ řŘȦśȱ ȱǯȱěǰȱȱȬDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ(Nov 2000).
33/1 Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, “The Service of Faith and the Promotion of Jus- tice in American Jesuit Higher Education,” in ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ- ǰȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱřŘǰȱȱǰȱȱ ȱřŚ; and an address by Peter-Hans Kolvenbach (Jan 2001).
33/2 James F. Keenan, ¡ȱDZȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ- ȱȂȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ- ¢ȱ(Mar 2001).
33/3 Pedro Arrupe, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (May 2001).
33/4 Joseph Veale, ȱ ȱǰȱȃȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǵȄȱ (Sep 2001).
33/5 William A. Barry and James F. Keenan, eds., ȱȱȱǵȱ ¡ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱǯȱǰȱ ¢ȱǯȱǰȱȱǯȱ- £ǰȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ Ȭ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ (Nov 2001).
34/1 Richard A. Blake, ¢ȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱ(Jan 2002).
34/2 Francis X. Clooney, ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ(Mar 2002).
34/3 William Rehg, ȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ (May 2002).
34/4 Dean Brackley, ¡ȱȱȱDZȱȱ ¢ǰȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Sep 2002).
34/5 Robert Bireley, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱȱ Ȭȱ (Nov 2002).
35/1 William A. Barry, ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ(Jan 2003).
35/2 V. Rev. John Baptist Janssens, ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱwith introduction by Lawrence J. Madden (Mar 2003). 35/3 Douglas Marcouiller, ȱ ȱȱĴDZȱȱȂȱSentir con la Iglesia (May 2003).
35/4 Ronald Modras, ȱ ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȬ¢ȱ ¢ȱ(Sep 2003).
35/5 Thomas M. Lucas, ȱǰȱ¢ȱDZȱȱ¢Ȃȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ(Nov 2003).
36/1 Thomas P. Rausch, ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ- ǵȱ(Spring 2004).
36/2 James Bernauer, ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǵȱ(Summer 2004).
36/3 David E. Nantais, ȃǷȄȱ ȱȱ ȱ ěDZȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ(Fall 2004).
36/4 János Lukács, ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (Winter 2004).
37/1 Dennis C. Smolarski, ȱȱȱDZȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱǯȱǯȱ ȱǷȱ(Spring 2005).
37/2 Peter McDonough, ȱȱȱȱ ǵȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ(Summer 2005).
37/3 James S. Torrens, ȱDZȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ(Fall 2005).
37/4 Kevin O’Brien, ȱ ȱDZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ(Winter 2005).
38/1 Peter Schineller, ȱȱ ȱDZȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ(Spring 2006).
38/2 Charles J. Jackson, ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱDZȱȱ¢- ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ(Summer 2006).
38/3 William Reiser, ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱDZȱȱȱ ¢ȱ (Fall 2006).
38/4 John W. O’Malley, ȱȱȱȱ ȱDZȱȱȱȱ (Winter 2006).
ȱ řşȦŗȱ ȱǯȱ Ĵǰȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢DZȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱ(Spring 2007).
39/2 Patrick M. Kelly, ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱ(Summer 2007).
39/3 T. Frank Kennedy, ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ(Autumn 2007). 39/4 William E. Creed, ȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱȂȱ ¢ȱ (Winter 2007).
40/1 Luce Giard, ȱ ȱDZȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱŗśŚŞȮ ŗŝŝřȱ(Spring 2008).
40/2 Wilkie Au, ȱDZȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ(Summer 2008).
40/3 Robert J. Kaslyn, ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱDZȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȱ(Autumn 2008).
40/4 William Rehg, ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȂȱDZȱȱ ȱȱ(Winter 2008).
41/1 Markus Friedrich, ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱŗśŚŖȮŗŝŝřDZȱ ȱ- ǰȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ(Spring 2009).
41/2 Gerdenio Sonny Manuel, ȱ¢DZȱ¢¡ȱȬȱȱ - ȱȱ(Summer 2009).
41/3 Jeremy Clarke, ȱ¢ȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Au- tumn 2009).
41/4 Francis X. Hezel, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ(Winter 2009).
42/1 Michael C. McCarthy, Thomas Massaro, Thomas Worcester, and Mi- chael A. Zampelli, ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ(Spring 2010).
42/2 Roger Haight, ¡ȱȱȱ¡ȱ(Summer 2010).
42/3 Thomas M. Cohen, ȱȱ ȱDZȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱ(Autumn 2010).
42/4 R. Bentley Anderson, ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǯDZȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ (Winter 2010).
43/1 Milton Walsh, ȃȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȄDZȱȱȱ ȱȂȱVita Christi (Spring 2011).
43/2 Michael C. McCarthy, ȃȱȱȱȱ¢ȄDZȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ(Summer 2011).
ȱ ŚřȦřȱ ȱǯȱ Ĵǰȱȱ ȱȱDZȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ (Autumn 2011).
43/4 John Gavin, ȃȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȄDZȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ(Winter 2011).
44/1 Michael D. Barber, ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ(Spring 2012).
44/2 Barton T. Geger, ȱFirstȱȱDZȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ(Summer 2012). 44/3 Emanuele Colombo, ȃȱ ȱ ȄDZȱ ȱ £¤£ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗŜŘŚȮŗŝŖśǼȱȱ ȱ(Autumn 2012).
44/4 Thomas D. Stegman, ȃȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ȄDZȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ(Winter 2012).
45/1 Hilmar M. Pabel, ȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ(Spring 2013).
45/2 Robert E. Scully, ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ DZȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȃȄȱ(Summer 2013).
45/3 Jorge Mario Bergoglio, ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ , trans. Philip En- dean (Autumn 2013).
45/4 Jorge Mario Bergoglio, ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ , trans. Philip En- dean (Winter 2013).
46/1 Anthony J. Kuzniewski, ȃȱȱȄDZȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ (Spring 2014).
46/2 Hung T. Pham, ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱCathechismus ȱ¡ȱȱȱ(Summer 2014).
46/3 Barton T. Geger, ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃ¢Ȅȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ (Autumn 2014).
46/4 Nicholas Austin, ȱȱ DZȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ (Winter 2014).
47/1 John W. O’Malley, ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ (Spring 2015).
ȱ ŚŝȦŘȱ ȱǽǯǾȱǰȱȱ¢¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ DZȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ(Summer 2015).
47/3 Mark Lewis, ęȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ(Autumn 2015).
47/4 Francis X. Hezel, ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱ¢ȱ(Winter 2015).
48/1 Joseph A. Tetlow, ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǵ (Spring 2016).
48/2 Hung T. Pham and Eduardo C. Fernández, ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ (Summer 2016).
48/3 E. Edward Kinerk, ȱȱ ȱ ȱ (Autumn 2016).
48/4 Barton T. Geger, ȱȱ ȱȱǵȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ (Winter 2016). 49/1 William C. Woody, ȃȱȱȱȱȱȄDZȱȱ ȱ- ¢ȱȱ (Spring 2017).
49/2 Henry J. Shea, ȱȱȱȱȱSpiritual Exercises (Summer 2017).
49/3 Members of General Congregation 36, ȱȱȱ ȱřŜȱȱ ȱ- (Autumn 2017).
49/4 Richard J. Baumann, ȱ ȱDZȱȱȱ (Win- ter 2017).
50/1 Barton T. Geger, ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ (Spring 2018).
50/2 Ted Penton, ȱȱȱȱDZȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ- Ȃȱ (Summer 2018).
50/3 William McCormick, “ȱȱęȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȄDZȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ (Autumn 2018).
ȱ śŖȦŚȱ ȱǯȱĴǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ (Winter 2018).
51/1 James J. Conn, ȱ ȱ ȱ ; John F. Baldovin, ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ (Spring 2019).
51/2 John W. O’Malley, ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ŗşŚŜȮŗşŚŞ (Summer 2019).
51/3 János Lukács, ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ DZȱȱȱ (Autumn 2019).
51/4 Elisa Frei, PhD, ȱȱDZȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ (Winter 2019).
52/1 Aaron D. Pidel, ȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¡DZȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ (Spring 2020).
52/2 Philip R. Amidon, ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ (Summer 2020).
52/3 John W. O’Malley and Timothy W. O’Brien, ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ- ȱȱ ȱ¢DZȱȱ (Autumn 2020).
52/4 Sam Z. Conedera, Ĵȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ àǰȱ (Winter 2020).
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