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Teacher’s Guide People, Places, and Cultures MAGAZINE ARTICLES Mexico: The Land and Its People . 8 Expository Nonfiction 1140L MMM-MMM Mexico! . 12 . Expository Nonfiction 1170L Rocking & Rolling with Mexico’s Earthquakes 16 Expository Nonfiction 1130L Migration of the Monarchs . .20 . Expository Nonfiction 1160L La Dia de los Muertos: A “Spirited Holiday” . .24 Expository Nonfiction 1110L Mexico’s Smoking Mountains . .28 . Expository NonfictionTulum 1190Lpg. 32 • La Familia: The Heart of Mexican Society pg. 34 Tulum . 32 Expository NonfictionTHE 770LSPIRIT AND PEOPLE OF MEXICO La Familia: The Heart of Mexican Society . .34 . Expository Nonfiction 1030L La Muerta: Godmother Death . 42 Folktale/Play 590L Faces: The Spirit and People of Mexico © March 2017 Contents Teacher’s Guide for Faces: OVERVIEW People, Places, and Cultures The Spirit and People of Mexico In this magazine, readers will learn how Using This Guide . 2. Mexico’s physical geography Skills and Standards Overview . 3. and natural Tulum pg. 32 • La Familia: The Heart of Mexican Society pg. 34 THE SPIRIT AND PEOPLE OF MEXICO phenomena have influenced Article Guides . 4 the civilizations of the region since ancient times. Faces: The Spirit and People of Mexico includes Cross-Text Connections. 13. information about the physical and human characteristics of both ancient and modern Mini-Unit . 14 cultures that developed there. Graphic Organizers . .17 . Appendix: Meeting State and National Standards . 19 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What physical and human characteristics define ancient and modern Mexico? 1 Faces: The Spirit and People of Mexico © March 2017 Using This Guide We invite you to use this magazine as a flexible teaching tool, ideal for providing interdisciplinary instruction of social studies and science content as well as core literacy concepts . Find practical advice for teaching individual articles or use a mini-unit that helps your students make cross-text connections as they integrate ideas and information . READ INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES PAGES 4 – 12 Each article in this magazine is well-suited for teaching literacy concepts and content area knowledge . For each individual article in this guide, you’ll find the following: Prepare to Read Essential Question CCSS Speaking and Listening 1, 2, 4 Content Concepts C3 Framework for Social Studies Close Reading and Text Analysis Next Generation Science Standards CCSS Reading 1-10 Key Vocabulary Writing/Speaking and Listening CCSS Reading 4 CCSS Writing 1, 2, 3 & 6 CCSS Speaking and Listening 1, 2, 4 TEACH A MINI-UNIT PAGES 14 – 16 SOCIAL Magazine articles can easily be grouped to make cross-text STUDIES connections and comparisons . Our Mini-Unit allows students to read and discuss multiple articles and integrate ideas and information (CCSS .Reading .9) . Discussing multiple articles (CCSS .Reading .9) prepares students to write texts to share and CORE publish in a variety of ways (CCSS Writing. .2) . LITERACY ARTICLES 2 Faces: The Spirit and People of Mexico © March 2017 Skills and Standards Overview Essential Question: What physical and human characteristics define ancient and modern Mexico? MAGAZINE CORE CONTENT LITERACY CORRESPONDING CCSS ARTICLES CONCEPT SKILLS ANCHOR STANDARDS Mexico: The Land and Its Historical events influence the • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 7 & 8 People development of a culture . • Evaluate Evidence Writing 1 Expository Nonfiction • Interpret Visual Information • Write an Editorial MMM-MMM Mexico! Patterns of food consumption • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 Expository Nonfiction are influenced by the resources • Analyze Sensory Details Writing 2 available in a region . • Analyze Text Features • Write an Essay Rocking and Rolling with Physical features of a region • Close Reading Reading 1, 3, 5 & 8 Mexico’s Earthquakes affect the development of • Analyze Text Structure Speaking & Listening 1 & 6 Expository Nonfiction cultures living in them . • Analyze Arguments • Collaborate Migration of the Monarchs Diversity in forms of plant and • Close Reading Reading 1, 3, 4 & 6 Expository Nonfiction animal life help distinguish one • Interpret Figurative Writing 3 place from another . Meaning • Understand Point of View • Write a Legend La Dia de los Muertos: A Historical events influence the • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 “Spirited Holiday” development of a culture . • Interpret Figurative Speaking & Listening 4 Expository Nonfiction Meaning • Understand Point of View • Give a Persuasive Speech Mexico’s Smoking Mountains Physical features of a region • Close Reading Reading 1, 3, 7 & 8 Expository Nonfiction affect the development of • Interpret Visual Writing 2 & 7 cultures living in them . Information • Evaluate Evidence • Research and Write a Report Tulum Cultural practices are affected • Close Reading Reading 1, 3, 5 & 6 Expository Nonfiction by environmental and physical • Analyze Text Structure Writing 3 characteristics of place . • Determine Author’s Tone • Write Historical Fiction La Familia: The Heart of Combinations of cultural and • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 6 & 8 Mexican Society environmental characteristics • Analyze Point of View Writing 3 Expository Nonfiction make places both similar to and • Evaluate Evidence different from other places . • Write a Letter La Muerta: Godmother Oral traditions reflect cultural • Close Reading Reading 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 Death elements of place . • Analyze Word Choice Writing 1 Folktale/Play • Analyze Point of View • Create a Want Ad Comparing Texts: Reading 9 Mini-Unit: Reading 1, 2, 3, 7 & 9; Speaking & Listening 6 3 Faces: The Spirit and People of Mexico © March 2017 ARTICLE: Mexico: The Land and Its People Magazine pages 8-11, Expository Nonfiction Mexico: The Land and Its People by Christine Graf by Christine Graf The Land and Its People The people of Mexico’s past and present cultures have Mexico: by Christine Graf Divers exploring an underwater cave in Mexico in 2007 discovered human bones. DNA testing determined that the 12,000-year-old bones 1140 had belonged to a person of Asian descent. gone through many challenging times . From great The findings validated scientific theories that the original inhabitants of Mexico arrived there 12,000 years ago after crossing the Bering Strait, a land bridge at the time, from Asia. Native American civilizations’ struggle to survive during Mexico City is the country’s capital and largest city. A group of young Mexicans takes part in an Independence Day festival. ore than 200 different Indian groups of their land. In the 30 years that followed, the Msettled in Mexico over the course of nation was deeply divided, and the government thousands of years. Although most of the was overthrown numerous times through groups were small, some grew significantly in military coups. European colonization, to its fight for independence and size and power. The Aztecs were a large and Mexico lost control over its territory in Texas powerful civilization. They ruled a vast empire in 1836 and went to war with the United States during the 15th and 16th centuries and developed 10 years later in an effort to protect the rest a sophisticated system of agriculture and a of its northernmost territories. After two years powerful military. They constructed beautiful of fighting, the two countries signed a treaty temples, shrines, and pyramids, and their capital that allowed the United States to purchase city of Tenochtitlan became one of the world’s more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 modern citizens’ struggle against poverty, Mexico’s history largest cities. Mexico City is located where square kilometers) of land for $15 million. This Tenochtitlan once stood. land was located in present-day Arizona, New Although the Aztecs had many enemies, it Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and was the Spanish who brought an end to their Colorado. Mexico lost about one-third of its powerful empire in 1521. Spain ruled Mexico territory in just 10 years. for the next 300 years, but their oppression of In 1876, Porfirio Diaz, a Mexican general, exile Score: exile illustrates the resilience of its people . the Mexican people led to the Mexican War became president and began his 30-year of Independence in 1810. The Spanish were rule of Mexico. He was a dictator who stifled L defeated in 1821, and Mexico regained control democracy and ignored the plight of the poor. 8 a99 ESSENTIAL PREPARE TO READ QUESTION Ask students to identify Mexico on a map of North America . Based on its What unique physical and human characteristics define absolute location, tell students to make predictions about Mexico’s climate, ancient and modern Mexico? physical geography, and industry . CORE CONTENT CONCEPT CLOSE READING AND TEXT ANALYSIS Social Studies Historical events influence the development of a Key Ideas culture . • Refer to details mentioned by the author to construct a timeline of major events in Mexico’s history . CCSS Reading 1 CROSS-CURRICULAR • Use details from the article to create a summary of what a tourist visiting EXTENSION Mexico might experience today . CCSS Reading 2 • What were the multiple effects of Porfirio Diaz’s dictatorial reign? Cite them in History Research the major events of the Mexican-American War . Why the text . CCSS Reading 3 was it fought? How did it affect Mexicans? How do you think the Craft and Structure Mexican-American War is presented • Evaluate Evidence What evidence does the author present to support their and studied in Mexico? claim that the majority of Mexico’s people live in the Mexican Plateau? Is the evidence presented relevant? Is it sufficient?CCSS Reading 8 KEY VOCABULARY • Interpret Visual Information Each photo relates to a specific aspect of life in military coup (p. 9) a sudden Mexico . Describe the aspect of Mexican life that each photo represents . attempt by a small group of people CCSS Reading 7 to take over the government, usually through violence exploit (p. 10) to unfairly use WRITING someone in a way that helps you Write an Editorial The author clearly states why many Mexicans choose to come assimilate (p. 10) to adopt the to America .