£XP£11ttMII£NT STATION l':NTOMOL.®V SECTION

~EVOTEO TO EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE iNDUSTRY . · MARCH, 1985 1984-85 Survey Shows Colorado Free of Mites

The survey for . tracheal mites of honeybees has. been completed ·in Colorado. No tracheal mites were, . found in .any of the samples. We had originally hoped to receive some. 230 samples of bees from commercial beekeepers. scattered around the state. As it turned out, we received only 120 samples, but the major beekeeping areas of the state .were all represented9 Each sample was a composite of bees taken from one beeyard and put in a small plastic bottle un<;ter alcohol. There were sever·al hundred bees in each bottleo Our technicians sliced open and examined the tracheae of 50 bees from each sample under a microscope. · Our sample analysis work was conducted in December and January. The multiple inspectors in our Division were the technicians who analyzed the samples. These inspectors have now gone back to field work on seeds and pesticides and we will not be ab 1e to analyze any more samples. Questions concerning detai 1s of this survey are welcome. Leslie A. Zermuehlen, Chief Nursery, Seed, Apiary &Pest Control Districts

* * * * Colorado Bee Law Update After making several trips to Denver, Danny and I were able to convince Representative G1 en Underwood to .sponsor our bee . 1aw a1 though he suggested that the $35,000 we are asking for be raised by the Colorado beekeepers by raising the licensing fees. Danny and I assured Mro Underwood that.. if we agreed to this, .we .would be tarred and feathered, not to mention run out of the state. After talk1ng to State Senator· John Donnely and a few ·more tel~phone ·caJls ·to different people, it was decided that the law is no good without funding, so Danny. and I · st.uck to the original proposal to repeal . the Sunset Act as it pertains to the current bee 1aw - to provide funding for · a bee inspector from the general fund. This wi 11 most 1 ikely pass the Senate and ·House$ but may have some trouble getting by the Joint Budget Conmittee. We urge each and every beekeeper to. \"lri te or ca 11 their representative and senator. ) -2-

Here is a list of the members on. the Joint Budget Committee.

REPRESENTATIVES: SENATE:

Elwood Gillis: 8aca. Bent, Crowley, Kiowa, Otero, Prowers James Beatty: . larimer 211 Willow Va1tey, tamar, Colorado 81052 2005 Lalani Place, Fort Collins. Colorado 80S24 Holfte phone: 3J6·~l~6l Home phone: 482-1441 Capital phone: 866-2956 Business phorte: 221·2030 Capital phone: 866·4866 Bob Kirseht: fremont, Pueblo 231 Carltsle, Pueblo, Colorado 81004 Jo.hn Beno~ Pueblo Home phone: S46-062Z P. O. Box 11447. Pueblo, Colorado 81001 Capital phone: 866-2942 Home p~one: 543-5555 Capital phone: 866-4865 .

Wil~ Webb: Denver 2329 Gaylord Street, Denver, Colorado 80205 Cliff Dodge: ' Arapahoe. Denver Home phone: 321·4092 l85.1 South High Street, Denver. Colorado 80210 Capital phone: 866-5524 Home phon~: 722-8459 Capital phone: 866-4866

Bill Morris * * * * *

Flftt Rtgvtar Seulon !! ,U ~ ~!!! 2!.!!!!!l Assefilbly !! !!!! ll!!!!! Colorado~ LDO NO. IS 0644/1 Flfty-ftfthGeneraJAIMmbly tfouSE Bill NO. SECTION 1. 35 .. 1-112 (4). Colorado Revised Statutes·, 1984 Repl. V@l., is ...nded to read: STATE OF COLORADO Agric~uii','uvestoek & Haturallesuurces 35-1-112. lietnsing functions subject ·to pe~iodfc ~· (4) The powers, duties, and functions of tht BY REPRESENTATIVES Underwood, D. Williams, ~q>bell, 8rotm. Bryan, Carpenter, Entr, departMent and of the comMissioner relating to tht licensfng MciMisa and Younghmd; also SDfATOR Donley. of beekeepers as provided in article 25 of this title are A BILl FOR AM ACT abolished on July 1. 1985 1990. CONCERNING 8EEUEPERS, AND. MAI

~NNECTIOH THEREWITH. Statutes, 1984 Rep 1. Vol.·• is atnded BY THE ADDITION OF A HEV

C.pifal ~... illflit"•ltt lllllt14' 1/Nlflfrial IO fH. •dckcf N ~~~.lafl1t6 ,.,.,•• Da.\a t~ eli* word• llulic~Jf~ d~~tletiOIIe. fnnw uitllfiK .,.,,.. Bill Su.ary SECTION to read: (Note: !hi! 'if?' · \ppHes !! this bill as introduced and does not necuur t ref ec~ !!!X Mte""'diftents Wfil~h ~ be JS-25-116 , B•tkeeper licensing. fund • created. All fees iU'bs!Quirii'ly adopted. ) - collected pursuant to section 35"25-107 shall be transaftted Extends \he powers, dut.ies. and funetions of the departMent of agriculture and of the eo~iastoner relating to to the state trtasurtr who shall c·redit tht sut to the the licensing of beekeepers. Cre ~tes the beekeeper licensing ~ fund. Makes an appropriation. beekeeper licensing fund. which ts hereby created~ All .oney~ credited to the beekeeper licensing fund shall be used to -3-

offset the direct and indirect costs of the department of in the general fund not ot~erwfse appropriated. to the agriculture in aO.fnfstering the provisions of this article. department of agriculture, for tht fiscal year beginning July Honeys in tht btekeeper Hcf'nstng fund shall not bt deposited .1. 1985, the suiYI of---· dollars ($ ), or so '· in or transferred to the gen&ral fund ot this state or any •uch thereof as aay be necessar,y. for t~e t~le-.ntation of other fund. Moneys in such fund shall not revert to the this act. general fund at the end of any fiscal year. ·The eoneys SE~TION 4. Safety clause. The general asse~ly hereby credited to the beekeeper licensing fund .ay be appropriated fin~s •. deterMines~ and declares that thts ect fs nectS$1~ by tn the general assembly to the departaent of agriculture for the illllflediate · pre,ervation of the public peace, ht41th, the general appropriation aet. and s8fety. · SECTION 3. Appropriation. . In addition to any, other appropriation, there h hereby &ppropriated. out: of any 110neys · 1206

Editor * ' * . * * * Honey Imports It appears that .Colorado is · the only state that ·has contested a packer for not labeling his product as imported honey.

Recently while visiting relatives, we purchased some nclUnited States is so 1ow. Between the peculiar odor and water consistency, I was turned off. Dooley Toyne * * * * * Recent Information from the House Journal

1:-foose Journal-48th Doy~Februory 18, 1985 Page 331

19 H.B.. 120& be amended as foUowst and as :so amended, be referred to 20 . the ·Committee on Appropriations with favotoble rec­ 21 ommendation: 22 23 Amend printed bill, page 1, after line 10• insert the 24 __following: 25 26 •s£Cl10N 2. 35*25-107 (l)t Colorado Revised Statutes~ 27 1984 Repl. Vol., is REPEAlED AUO REENACTED, UITH NlENIX·tEIJTS, 28 to read: 29 30 JS-25-107. ~e.9i~~;.:;..r=.at.;.;i;.::o:.;;.;.n~~.....;;;.;;;;~~~;;..__,;.;,~~~~ 31 1nterstate movement -- disposition of bees. 1 a All 32 beekeepers in Colorado shall be required to be licensed 33 annually en or before r~rch 31 with the department of 34 agriculture. Fonas for licensing shall be furnished by the 35 ccnmissioner. Each applicant shall be required to :state the -4-

36 number . of colonies. by spring c~unt, in his possession and 37. each a.pplicant shall pay a fee. 38 . 39 (b) The state agricultural ccmmi ssion, after coof.erring 40 with interested industry groups, is authori~ed to fix, assess, 41 and collect fees for Hcenses, and for the i-nspection and 4Z issuance of certificates of inspection on :all bee colonies. -13 44 · (c) Such fees shall be ' uniform for the ·part'icular . 45 service rendered. The amount of such fees for .services · 46 rendered under the provisions· of th1s a~ticle shall be 47 detcnnined by the coanission· as nearly as may be· to the end 48 that such fees shall pay one hundred perc.ent of tl~c direct a~d 49 indirect costs of ·the d~par.tr.tent . of agr1culture 1n 60 administering the provisions of this article. Such· fe~s shall · 61 be transferred to the ,beekeeper licensing fund cre~ted . in 52 section 35-ZS-115.•. · 53 64 Renur.tbcr succeedi.ng sections accordingly. 65 • . 56 Page 2, line 13, strike ·~y• and substitute •shall•;

Page 332 House Joumol-48th Day-February 18, 1985

1 ·line' 15, after •act•, insert •for . the · so~e purpose of 2 administering this act•; 3.. after line 15, insert the following: 6 "SECTIOtf 4. ReplaJ. 35-25-107 (i.U. Color~do Rev1sed ~ Statutes, 1984 Rep1 ,. Yo .. , is repealed. •. : Renumber succ:eeding sections accordingly. 10 Page 2, line 20·, af.ter '•of•, insert •thirty-five thousand•. 11 11 and after •$ , insert •Js,00010 • · · 1')

Page 354 House Journai-S2nd tJoy-February 27., l98S

31 H.B. 120' be amended m follows, ond as so amended, be referred to 32 the Committee of the Whole with favorable rec- 33 ommendation: · 34 35 1\.m!rd t:he. .Aqriculture, Livest.nck, and Natural Rcoour.ces 36 . Ccmni.tb-c illflet'lCim('nt, us printed in House Journal, February 18, 37 ~ 332, ~trite lines 10 and 11, arid substitute the 38 following: 39 . : 40 "Page 2f· line ·18, st.t·ike "generAl" and sl.JbE;titute "bcekee-pP.r 41 licensiug00 1 ' -42 43 ,;t:.rike ·line 2t•, and suhF.t:it:ute t!10 following: 44 4 5 "1, 1995, the sun of ll«mty-th~' thousand fi w hundrf'd 46 .fifty-four dollars f$23,5!14) rud 1.0 Pt'F.., or so". •. 4'7 -5- .

At the present time, it ·is difficult to say what ts. ·;:going on in the .. legislature but it certa.inly appears that the Colorado b~ekeepers are ·losing . out.

Editor * * * * * Colorado State Fair

The Colorado State Fair is holding a. honey contest ·this year. The categories are as follows:. Comb honey 1. Cut or chunk style 2. Section comb honey Extracted honey 1. White or better 2. Extra Light Amber 3. Light Amber 4. Amber Creamed honey

Bees wax natura 1 and unb 1eached ( 5 1 b. chunk) . , The honey will be graded according to clearness, body. color, and flavor. Betty lou Pearson of Pueblo is in charge of the. honey section. Further details will be furnished in the June issue. Dooley Toyne * * *· * *

Russian Bishop's House ~ Sitka~ Alaska. 1842-67

North facade of Bishops House showing priests. students and bee hives.

Editor * * * * .,. : l I

. . ·-6- ;·.· ,.·

. American HoneY Producers ·Association _Meeting ·· : ...... ·, : ·· · The ~erican Honey Producers Association held · their 16th Annu·al ·meeting this year in Biloxie,- Mississippi January 9-13. The Gulf Coast Beekeeping Association did a bang-up job this year hosting the conventi~n •. .. .On Wednesday . night, the ladies brought food for the "get acquafnted ... reception, ·all_ homemade. and was it good! My thanks to the Gulf Coast beekeepers and their wives for a job well done. : · · · · · · -- -

. To· the mor~ serious· side, first- a bit 'of good news.· :It .looks ·like we wfl.l have the pri ~e support at 1east jme more . year.· No one seems · to know what legislation will do .after 1985. ·· As :,.far: ·as ... the American· Honey Producers Association feels that a continuatton of the honey loan program or an _enactment -of legislation that would . accomplish· the, s~me purpose· ;·is : the-· ·only solution· to the problem. · Another HOT lTEM discussed was the Honey Pro."llotion Act. It seems that the · A.H.P .A. will take a neutral position on . Honey Promotion _but urges members to participate in the ·referendum. I feel strongly that if _this Honey Promotion Act is voted in by the beekeepers and we get. the right ·people to handle our honey promotion this could be the answer to the price support problem~ _The .Act has passed the·legislature although the beekeepers s~ill ·- have·to vote on and pass .this Act. It 1s still up to each and every beekeepe·r as to whether or ·not his money stays in the plan. Remem6er~ for every dollar the u.s. beekeepers .takes out the foreign producers can also take out. ~ - The Trachea-l Mite has been found in nine states as of this date although Co 1ora do is !.!!!, free. . Or. Wilson, of the Laramie'Bee lab, and .his associates are hoping to come -up with a solution very soon.

One item discussed, which I think is very important to our ind~stry, is the . enforcement of the country of origin labeling regulat1·on. We urge all beekee~rs to monitor the honey on local grocery shelves · to determine i.f -packers are canply1ng and, . if necessary, br-ing a civil suit against n_on-complying pa~kers for- damage to the industry. · , ·

. In closing. I urge each and every beekeeper to co~tact their senators and congressmen and let them know the problems the beekeeping industry ~aces. . . Bill Morris •· * * ...... Colorado Beekeeper~ Association - M~nutes of 1984 Winter Meeting The Colo~ado -·ileekeepers -Association held their regular winter ~ting at the Days Inn in Golden on December 1st and 2nd. · . •. . . . . · . ., ' -7- ~·.·., ..

. .; .. ·.··· .. '/ . Highl ig~ts '. 'of Sat~rday' s . meeting were a· 'stide' presentation ·on The··':Swanning .' . . Behavior in Honeybees. by Dr.· Robert Simpso.n from· Colorado Stat~- University, a Gennan fiJm on the Varroa Mite, An Upda·te on the Acarine Mite Infestation· 1n· the U.s.A. by .Bob Cox from·. the USDA. Hon~ybee Research: Lab ·in Lar.amie, Wyoming, · The Effects on Honeybees .of Furadan App11catio.ns on Pre~bloo.nt Alfalfa. The ,Colorado Department of Agriculture Bee . Inspection Program by Les .. Zermeuhlen, and a slide presentation titled Beekeeping. in Northern Colorado by Bill ,Morris. · ...... The business ·meeeting Wa$ held SundaY~ · ·December 2nd. ·. At ·this meeting, it was dec1ded· to · set up a con111ittee to ed~ca.te school children ·on beek•eping.· Chairman of this .. ~onlnittee· .is Jim Thurman with- Cynth1a Manual, Leonard Blake, •net Barbara ' Morris s:erv1 ng as members~ . :' ... . I ' : • ' .•' . . • Resolutions ·were sent .to Senators ·s;11 Armstrong ~and -·Gary .. ··Hart, -and to the American Beekeeping Feder~t. 1on resolving· that the surplus- honey stored in the Uni~ed States be ust1d to help relieve the famine in Ethiopia. · Reminder: It is once again dues time . for · the Colorado .Beekeepers Association. .The dues remain the· same, $10.00 for up to 100 colonies and .05 per colony thereafter. You may pay ·your dues by sending .' a check made out to The Colorado Beekeepers Association · to Hellen Jones ·, 605 N~rth. Co·lumbus, Yuma, · Co 1or ado 80759. · · · · * · * * * ··. * 41st Annual American Beekeeping Federation Meetina The annual - ABF meeting was held in Tampa Bay, Florida January 14 ... 19. ·. At~ending from Col.orado were John Haefel i and family and· Paul and Nanci Li.mbach. The major t.opics of discussion we.re . the tracheal .. bee mite and .. the Federation• s honey promotion plans • .Or •..L. Bailey·from England, who is one of the ·few people who have done ·· research on the· tracheal mite, spoke at length on his research and an 11 research he was fam11 i .ar with. His and other research in . Brit.ain. and Europe led him to the co·nclusion the tracheal mite· is ·a · very i nsigni fi cant problem causing damage simi 1ar to cha·l k brood even · 1n cold ·Severe climates. ·. His recomnendation· wa$ that it would. cause little damage to our industry and we· should not. go ov~rboard with quarantine and bee .movement regulations wbi~h would cause · great economi·c hann .to migratory beekeeper.s and ·queen and package. producers. Research _On the mite to be conducted by the USDA will first center ~ a better w~ to identify hives with th~ mite, a w~ ·to treat queens in cages and packages to rid them of mites. then ~ssible mite control chemicals in the hiveo All felt no mites were preferable and the mi.te survey may detennine if eradication is possible ..

. •.• Several 1.nd1viduals spoke on the Federation's honey market :order plans. It was hoped the market order (to be V·oted on by beekeepers and packers·) would pass not only to help advertise honey. 6Ut to show legislatures that we ·beekeepers are willing to do someth·ing to help save and promote our industry. Most speakers felt passage· of .the market order might he 1p keep our honey ·support . program or ·. improve chance~ of ·import ·duties or quotas. · · A new movie produced by . the USDA was shown. It was entitled '*Countdown to . the Killer Bees... Reaction by beekeepers was that not only should the title be changed, . but a new f11 m shou 1d be produced that shows t~e .. African . bee. in a roore ~ .... ·-· . ·- ... , -...... ·• :~ '! .' . . ·~"'· r"'"*' · " ~~ '':' J<~ ''~. · · ~oC;· if ~'~~~·~ • ¥ .• ~~- 4 # . ptff · ~PI'il~~ ~~"!Cilt'r ~ :~

~-~ . . rea 11 st i c. and·.·. 1ess · .,r.ighten1 ng l'i ght. Most ' beekee~rs- . and -researchers agree the ' . ' . ·African bee and ·Varoa · ~iteJt is bringing along with · its migrations wtll be much ·more of ~ problem than the tracheal .,~_ m1 ,teqJ ·. It .was hoped we can ·learn from ttte · tracheal mite in ord•r ··to. be better prepared for Varoa. . ·: .. · ...... · ·

r'• Dr. Eric Erickson spoke, on 'the use of. various·. wo·od:-" preservatives • . · He . said. many wood preservatives ·like the c()RilKJn nPenta" ·were. tox-ic ·to bees and . accumulate 1n ·honey in hives whose. parts .including .bottom boards were treated with them. He cautioned aga _ ~nst t _he1r use. · . ·. :.· · ·.· · · · .

. . \ \ . · ·Weather at · the · meeting was di$apjlo1.nting ·as we Colo~adoans · found it almost as cold as Colorado while· we were :~there. . W~ bCld ~ couple days in the 70's .but were there when the big freeze· hit ·· too. ·.· ,. .. · ..... ·

. • t, •, . . ~ i . . • f ' • • t Paul L1mbach . * * * . * * Overdue Obituary · Warren w. ·Wul f of Grand _Junction ·died on Jan'-'ary 16-, . 19.84 of a heart attack. He served ·as Vi· ce-P~esident of the Colorado Be~keepers Association 1n 1976 and. 1977 • . He was President in 1978 .and 1979. Warren wa$ born February 7, 1924 in Aurora, South .Dakota where· he spent his childhood and · ~ttended schQols. He also attended Brookings State College ·in ~rQokings, So~th Oakota. He served with the U.• S. Navy during Wo_rld war I I. , . . · On July 5, · 1957 he married Marie H. Ross Hitchcock in· Pierre; South Dakota. She survives. The couple moved · to Palo Alto, California in 1959. For thirteen yea·rs, Mr. Wulf .worked for the· santa Clara Highway Department •.· . The Wulfs came ·to Grand J~nction in May, 1973 to run the cQmmercial bee operation he purchased from · · the Wor$ham estate. · · · In addition to his wife,· survivors · include · two daughters, Joyce Marie · Hitchcock . o·f New York · Ci.ty and laurel . Kathleen Wu·lf. of Mesa. ·Arizona; three . sisters, N.onna Pittinger -of · Seattle, Washington, .Jean Gries of Aurora, South Dakota, and Grac1e .Osbeck of Albert lea, Minnesota; and three brothers, Frank'.)rlulf and Douglas Wulf,- .both of Bruce, South DakQta and Robert Wulf of Qnaha, Nebraska. _His father, Bu·rton R. Wulf, ·died November 27, 1983. ··FOR SALE Twelve hives with bees and honey supers on; 1 20-frame extractor; l 4-frame reversible extractor; 1 bee blower; · 50 metal honey cans; 18 nuc boxes; 1 wax capping$ me.lter; · 285 main ·hive bodies (lo· frame); ·-- 280 .. shallow honey supers (10 frame); 120 8-frame main hive bod1-es; 150 8-frame honey supers. ·Many of the preceding have drawn cOinb and -are ·stored in a special .place. Some boxes of wax foundation and fr~e · parts, gromnets, wire, staples, 2 smokers, several hats, · veils, hive tools, lffters, etc. are-also available. Elaine E. H4rrison, Box . 27, Vona, Co.lorado 80861. Call 303-664-2445- or son's ·residence at 664-2470. : Farms are l~cated 2 miles west .• 6 miles south. and 1/4 mile west of Yona.

' ~. ,, .

. . ·:,'.

,. , ..

\ ' . .

' · t . •, I f' · ~'' : •

CtJZorado Bee Notes NONPIMtT PERMIT 19 . OftGANiV.TION Robert G. Simpson. Edi to·r . U.S. f'OSfAGl . Department of Zoology and Entomology ,AID , .. c.-...c:.r•~ Colorado State University THIRD CLASS ...... ~ .. Fort Collins., Colorado . 80523 DEVOTED TO EDUCATION ANO RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY

JUNE 1985 Summer Meeting of the Colorado Beekeeeers Association Saturday, June 29 will see the Summer Meeting of the CBA in Salida, Colorado. The meeting will convene at the Shavano Manor at 16th and I Streets (just east of the Salida Swimming Pool Pavilion). ·

Iopics for t~e Meeting Colorado Bee Law Up-Date ASCS (Agric. Stabilization Conservation Service) Colorado State Fair- booth ~Report on the status of the fumigation chamber Misc~llaneous · Submitted by Danny Culhane * . * * * *

USDA Bee Laborato~ - Laramie, Wyoming It seems that bad news continues for the beekeepers in this aea. The latest word-· is that the. USDA ~oneybee Research Laboratory in Laramie, Wyoming wi 11 close in October of this year. The closing has congressional approval so ·it is very apparent that we will lose the research efforts, the knowledge, · and the friendly ties of the researchers there. Most individuals and budgets will be transferred to the lab at Weslaco, Texas under the direction of Dr. Bill _Wilson. Or. Wilson was i'temporari1y" shifted there last fal1 (1984} to work on the acarine mite and other associated beekeeping problems moving northward from Central America.

Dr. Nunamaker, a physiological researcher~~ will remain in Laramie and become associ ated with personne 1 from the Livestock Blue-Tongue Virus Laboratory that wi 11 be t.sovi ng to Laramie from the Denver Federa 1 Center. Editor

* · ~ * * * -2-

Status of the Colorado Bee Law The bi 11 before the 1egis l ature has been passed by both the Hou se and the Senate and is awaiting the governor's · signature. This bill reinstates the Colorado Bee and Bee Products Act until July 1, 1990. The bi ll a1so requires total cash funding of the bee disease inspection program. This means that all funds spent for activities under the bee 1avv must come from fees charged under the 1aw 9 The State Agri cul tura 1 Commission is authorized to set these fees, after conferri'ng with interested industry groups" These fees must . a1 so pay the indirect, or admi.ni strati ve, costs of running the inspection program. ~ a. Hobbyist beekeepers are no 1onger exempt from paying for a 1 i cense. A11 beekeepers will be subject to a license fee. An appropriation was made for fiscal year 1985-86, but it mu·st come from fees collected after · this bi11 becomes effective and after the State Agricultural Commission has set the fees.

Submitted by Leslie A. Zermuehlen~ Chief Nursery, Seed, Apiary, and Pest Control Districts

* * * * * S"'• Joaquin . Watkins of Fruita, Colorado was recently recognized· as a 40 -year continuous member of the American Beekeeping Federationo Montine Wadleigh had ·gall bladder surgery on February 27, 1985 and is doing very well. Submitted by Bill Baublits * * * * * LET THE BEE NOTES LIST THE ITEMS YOU WANT TO BUY OR TO SELL - THERE IS NO CHARGE. * * * * * Colorado Beekeepers Booth - State Fair - Pueblo

The Co 1or ado State Fair management is p 1anni ng this Y'ear to emphasize Colorado Agricultut"e and Agriculture Industry products. They ar-e making available the old Show Horse Building (16,000 sq. ft.) for· this purpo~e~

The Colorado Beekeepers Association is preparing an educational exhibit for the fair. Danny Culhane has suggested that one item of interest would be a display of the labels we use for our bee _ products. These could be tied to a 1 i sting of where · these pt"oducts can be purchased. If you wish to promote your products, pleas~ send samples of your labels to: Leonard Blake CBA Education Committee 4975 Topaz Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80918 -3-

We would like to have this display prepared in ti_me for your inspection at the CBA summer meeting, so do this today. Include the counties in which you operate and the places where your products can be bought. If you are planning to visit the fair and would be available to man the booth, please list dates and hours you can help. The fair operates from August 23 through September 2. · The building will be open from 10:00 a.m .. to 8:00 .p.m. If you have any ideas on how to promote Colorado Bee Products, please include them. We need your help.

Submitted by Leonard Blake * * * * . * Wax Moth Control

It is not too early to make plans for controlling wax moths. Late summer (mid-July) ·;s when the moths start infesting the combs and laying eggs. Strong colonies in the field are able to hold down infestations, but weak colonies can suffer damage.

All but recent bulletins and books on beekeeping recommend the use of ethylene dibromide - THIS SUBSTANCE CAN NO LONGER BE USED TO FUMIGATE HONEY COMBS • ..fli> Methods of Control 1. Freezing: Hobbyists can utilize chest or upright freezers to kill all stages of th~ moth. Four and one-half hours at 20°F will give needed control or 2 hours at 5°f. · Combs can be reinfested, so store in a moth tight container after treatment. ·

2. Paradichlorobenzene (PDB): Use about 3 oz. of the white crystals on paper and stack 4-5 deep supers over the crystals. . Tape -all cracks and ho 1es after tightly covering the top. Air the combs 1-2 days before using. Honey in the combs absorbs the toxic fumes · and should · not be eaten. Combs should be checked regularly during the summer for wax moth unless they are continuously treated with PDB. ·

3.-·: Carbon dioxide. gas (C02): C02 will kill all stages of the wax moth ·ctue·to suffocation. The gas must be he 1d at a concentration of . 98% for 4 hours. This means that the container for the frames or supers must be' air tight. Respect C02 - it is not toxi~ but can kill hu~ans at concentrations far less than that needed to control wax moths - use ·adequate ventilation and exhaust the heavier than air gas from the fumigation chamber .. · Check combs regu·larly for reinfestation.

4. Phostoxin {Aluminum phosphide): A relatively new method of controlling wax moths. It is more expensive and the fumigating chamber must be totally air tight since even a pinhole· will allow the gas to leak out rather· rapidly. There are no residues and a11 stages of the moth are controlled. The fumigant goes by the name of Fumitoxin. Dr. Eric Mussen, University of California, says that it ·requires 165 pellets/1000 cu. ft. and can be purchased from I' -5-

Obituary Carl A. Ohlson, longtime resident and beekeeper, passed away at the Bent County, Colorado Nursing .Home on February 7, ·1985. He was preceded in death by one daughter and three brothers. He is survived by his wife, Bertha, of the family home and son, Karl Ohlson, of Albuquerque, New Mexico. He is also survived by three brothers; David, Pete, and Otto. He was born in Spoffard, Texas on April 29, 1891 and came to the Las Animas area in 1912. ..Charley", as he was better known, farmed in the area unt i 1 he became associated with his brother-in-law, Norman Olssen, in the bee business. This association lasted for a fe\-J .years and upon the death of Norman. Charley began -keeping his sister•s bees and those of his own. For a while, his son, Karl, ·helped him with the bees. Charley continued keeping bees until 1964 when he retired and sold his operation to Bill Baublits. Charley then filled his time farming and gardening on a· small acreage until just a few years before his death. * * * * * FOR SALE: 625 colonies of 10 frame hives and 475 colonies of 8 frame .hives. Contact Bill's Apiaries, Inc., 526 Vine Avenue, las Animas, Colorado 81054, phone . ( 303) 456-1857.

* * * * * Jr.· Control of Wax Moth, Cont'd .. 5. Certan .(Baci-llus .thuringiensis): Using this method, that of biological control, you, can control the young wax moth larvae without the use of chemicals. Young larvae are highly susceptible to the bacillus as they tunnel through the comb. Larvae and adults of the honey bee are not affected by the .. bacillus. Also, it does not affect the taste of the honey nor is it toxic to . humans, pets, or other wildlife. Certan is rather expensive however, but try it out.

* * * * * Education Committee List Being Compiled:

· Th.e Education Committee of the CBA is compi 1 i ng a 1 i st of . beekeepers who would be willing to either talk to groups of young people such· as school · children~ scout troops, or to t~ke such groups on a tour of your apiary. The purpose is .to begin to educate the public about the benefits and pleasures ·of beekeeping through I- the natural interest.and curiosity of. their children. If you would like to have your name on this 1 ist which will be forwarded to I schools in your area, please write. to: Jim Thunnan 3120. E. Caley Ave. Littleton, Colorado 80121 OR CALL: (303) 798-0820 * * * * * ''

i. .•

Colcmdo Bee Notes Robert G. Simpson, Editor NONIPiltO'IT PERMIT 19 OiltG4NJ!ATION Department of Zoology and Ento100logy U.S. 'OSTAGE ~ Colorado State University PAlO THIRD CLASS ,.,,, c...... _.. .. c.._....., _,, Fort Collins., Colorado·.· . · 80523. COLORADO STAT£ UNIVERSITY El(PEAIMENT STATION I'N1'0MOt.OGY SIECTION

DEVOTED TO EDUCATiON AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY

SEPTEMBER, 1985

NATIONAL HEARING One of two National Honey Marketing Order hearings was held in Denver on July 30. Some of those testifying for the marketing order were Harry Gunter, E. R. Johnson, P. G. Rossman, Frank Robinson, Troy Fore, Jr., Binford Weaver, Darrel Winner, Bob Brandi, James Reynolds, Harry Rodenberg, and John Haefeli. No one testified against the marketing order. Six beekeepers attended that did not testify.

By Doo 1ey Toyne * * * * * COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION CONVENTION- 1985 (Nov. 30-0ec. 1, Denver, CO)

Noted speake·rs for the convention wi.11 be Mr. Tim Lawrence and Sue Co 1by from Vacaville Apiaries, Vacaville, California. Topics wi11 be "Breeding of Bees and Artifici'al Inseminationn.. l\ demonstration will accompany the presentation. A1 so fo 11 owing their presentation wi 11 be an update on the Afri~an Bee in California.

A talk on "Pollination" by Paul Limbach anda panel discussion on uAerial Sprays" by chemi·ca 1 representatives and state beekeepers re 1at i ve to . the . effect on bees pr.omi ses to be interesting. An update on new chemica 1s Vii 11 be discussed as well. The convention wi 11 be held at the Denver Day • s Inn at Co 1fax and Hwy. 70. The meeting will begin at 9:00 a.m. When making reservations be sure and say that you are with the C.B.A. for special rates. Barb Morr·i s * * * * * -2-

NORTHERN COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION The Northern Co 1or ado Beekeepers Association had a booth at the We 1d County Fair on August 2-5. Popular exhibits included free samples of honey, an observation hive loaned by the Laramie Bee Laboratory, Rosie the Beekeeper (manikin), . video tapes on bees and beekeeping and a display of different colors and forms of honey. Several club members provided help to man the booth and transport exhibits. Cynthia Manuel, of Fort Collins, put on a bee beard demonstration Satur'day and Sunday with the he 1 p of Dave Primer. Cynthia is one of the few women nationwide to wear a bee beard. Also included was a pilot program display of honey to be judged. First place prize went to Dick Johnson of Greeley. Second place prize went to Mike Whiteside of Loveland. Rosie accompanied Joyce Johnson, Barb Morris, and Dave Primer to Ag Days 1985 at Colorado State University on September 14. Association members gave out tastes of honey and talked to at least 1500 of the people who attended the barbeque.

Many peop 1e at both events asked questions and were interested in the free recipe leaflets and other literature that the club has available for such events. · Joyce Johnson * * * * * SEND IN ITEMS OF INTEREST FOR THE BEE NOTES * * * * * ITEMS FOR SALE OR WANTED ARE PUBLISHED FREE * * * * * ESTABLISHMENT OF LICENSE FEE SCHEDULE FOR COLORADO BEEKEEPERS The commissioners of the Co 1orado Department of. Agriculture . met at the University Ho1id.ay Inn in Fort Collins on September 13 at 2:00 p.m. . The object ·of the meeting ~vas to establish a fee schedule for . the honey bee registration and inspection in Colorado. Suggested schedules were presented and discussed by Robert Sullivan and Les Zermuehlen of the Division of Plant Industry. The commissioners established the fact that they must follow the new law irrespective of whether or not it was complete, proper, or satisfactory to the beekeepers. Everyone had an opportunity to express their views and to make suggestions as to a fee schedule. It was ·. obvious,. and we were so instructed by the commissioners that the beekeepers must meet and come to an agreement (among ourselves) regarding the fees. The commissioners will meet i.n early November and will expect us to present a unified decision to them. · Edt tor -3-

* * * * * DOES ANYONE HAVE EXPERIENCE WITH THE NEW UNCAPPING PLANES THAT YOO WOULD SHARE WITH US? * * * * * WHAT WE CAN EXPECT WITH ·AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES

The following is a reprint from Malcom T. Sandord•s excellent July, 19~5 issue of APIS, published by the Florida Extension Service. It pays to think ahead. There's little question that Africanized honey bee behavior wi 11 give beekeepers cause to rethink some of their mana·gement practices. When I was in South America, I .heard about some beekeepets who harvested honey at night; it seemed that Africani zed ·honey bees are often more manageable in the evening. This certainly is a turnabout. because experiences mani pul at i ng col ani es of European honey bees at night are some of the most unpleasant x•ve ever had. It's difficult to defend yourself against an unseen honey bee that crawls and stings. Nevertheless, the risk of getting stung by a few crawling Africanized bees at night appears to be preferable to facing the agg·ressivity· of the bees during the daytime. Honey harvesting at night is also common practice in Africa. A recent article, however, in the Newsletter for Beekeepers in Tropical and Subtropical Countries, by S. O•. Adjare of the University of Science and Technology, Ghana reports a simple, safe and inexpensive method for harvesting honey in daylight, even at the . warmest time of day, when the bees are most active... As reported in the June/July issue of Life, newsletter for the League of International Food Education, the method uses beehives on platforms that can be easily moved, rather than being hung from trees as is traditional. First the bees are smoked, then the hive is moved at right angles from the flight path. This diverts the field bees which return to the old site where an empty hive has been placed for them to cluster and keeps· them from "bothering" the beekeeper. This makes sense because fewer bees are left in the hive and they are younger bees less likely to sting. The comb is then collected as quickly as possible, put in a covered receptacle with a lid and the hive returned to its old location. The author points out that daylight harvesting of honey is advantageous all around. By being able to see, the l;>eekeepers can harvest more efficiently and control the brood nest better, as well as detect diseases and predators. From "Gleanings in Bee Culture" * * * * * From time to time, as space permits, excerpts from the out-of-print bulletin "Nectar and Pollen Plants of Coloradan by W. Wil.son, J. Moffett, and D. Harrington (1958) will be included in Bee Notes. This bulletin is being revised by Wi 1son _and Simpson. -4-

"A good knowledge of the plants which furnish nectar and pollen in an area is important for severa 1 reasons. Beekeepers need this information so they can locate apiaries close to areas which will provide nectar and pollen for the spring buildup of colonies. They also need to know what plants will provide a surplus of honey later in the season. · Orchardists and other farmers who rent bees for pollination need to know what plants may attract bees -away from the crop they are trying to po 111 nate. The attractiveness of the plant they are trying to pollinate is also important. Spray damage can often be avoided if the plants attractive to bees are known. · For example, bees have been killed because they were visiting cover crops in orchards when these orchards were sprayed, eve·n though the orchard was not in bloom. Cover crops in bloom have also attracted the bees away from the trees they were moved in to pollinate.

An indication of the color of honey prod~ced from a plant can be obtained by noting the co 1or of the honey sac of bees gathering nectar from these plants. *(See methodology following.) This knowledge will enable the beekeeper either to avoid large plantings of plants from ~hich the bees produce dark-colored honey, or to ~eep this honey from these~plants separate from his light-colored honey." 1 To observe the honey sac, kill a bee that has just come from the field. Grasp the thorax (middle body division) of the bee with o_ne hand and the abdomen (third or 1 ast body di vi.s ion) with the other hand without squee.zi ng too hard. Slowly, but fi nnly, pull the thorax from the abdomen. You wi 11 note a clear, colorless tube attached to both body . divisions with a sac-like structure, the honey sac, hanging from it. The color of the plant nectar wi11 be apparent through the · honey sac. Size of the honey sac a 1so wi 11 be quite variable depending on the nectar flow or the nectar available. {See Cant. p.6) * * * * * As soon as honey harvest is complete, you should initiate preventative or cleanup treatment for American and European foul brood. Check your books for the symptoms if you see something suspicious. TREATMENT OF FOULBROOO Proper treatment with various chemica·1 compounds can effectively prevent the spread of foulbrood disease within an apiary or control the infection in a colony. Chemical treatment should be a supplement to, but not a substitute for, good management practices, e.g .. , removal of the source of infection or badly diseased combs. Terrafl\Ycin works well as a preventive treatment or as a chemotherapeutic compound in the control of both American and European foulbrood of honey bees. The antibiotic 'TerramYcin is often abbreviated as TM5, TMlO, or TM25, depending on the concentration of the antibiotic in the di"luent powder. In preparing a dust treatment for "sprinkling over the top bars of the brood combs, mix one part TM5 with . one part powdered sugar. The same formulation can be obtained by mixing one ·part TMlO with two parts powdered sugar~ or one part TM25 with five parts powdered sugar. Give each colony 4 teaspoonfuls of the preparation (this is equal to about 200 milligrams of antibi otic activity). -5-

Terramycin should be used early in the spring or late in the fall when there is no chance of contaminating surplus honey. If additional treatment is required during a major nectar flow when · surp 1us honey is being .stored, do not use the honey for human consumption. Care should .be taken not to apply the dust directly over uncapped heal thy brood s i nee .the powder often fi 1ters down into the open cells and kills young larvae.. In most cases, one or two treatments are sufficient as a preventive. When caring for diseased colonies, several applictions should usually be given at weekly intervals. An uninterrupted suppy of antibiotic should be available to the worker bees during the ent~re tleanup period. Treatment should continue until all disease symptoms are gone. From "Beekeeping in the Intermountain Region: * * * * * The following table of toxicities to honey bees · could be of considerable value to all beekeepers. Clip it out for future reference.

TABLE 2. loxlclty of lnaectlcEdos to .honeylx!n, allalfa lNicuitlno and 11\all bHI. (Couri"Y Hugh W. Hom•n «nd Cra/IJ n. 81lrd, Ut~:we;alfr ol (tlaho £xfMSHIIt St#~lct.)

R•tmg auhr: o • No d•t• Of axJNrionoo I• naiiAble. Oo nor ""' 1 • Oo nat epp!y to ~II plertll. 2 • Apply In evenlslg eher bnal\owa 1~d torajjlng. ' .. Applf duflnol•t• .-ttt~fAtleltar beu till.,. •loppO«

AI IIIII Alfalle Honey. lllf•GUUI"f Alktill HoM~ ttaf.oulttnG Alllall.,.. ln-tlolcf• bee ~.. bao lnll!Ctlcfdo bee ... ~-----, -----,---,-um;a~.~;;---- ...... ·Ambuah ~ \ , Undana 1 1 1 At;pon 2 0 .o \ofiban 1 1 otlnpl\oal1leU\yl 1 1 malatlllon l a' Alodtln I 1 1 Mlllothk-n IA.V 1 1' 1 BMM 0 0' MaiOIIobafl 2 1 :s Bacillus •4 .. 4 Mat Mil 0 0 IIIUtlngietllll Maaurol 1' 1 , 8111101 t 0 0 MetHYIIOli·A 3 3 3 Baygon ,. t t U.tacldo , t BaygonG 4 .. 4 methyl ~ramlhlon 1' I 1 Bayttlt t• 1 1 m1111y1 ,.,alfllon I 1 , GHC 1 t 1 (Microancoptut•tedl llldfln 1 1 , JMthollyctllot WP 2 2 Bron\yl I 1 1 MoniiOl 1 QhiOrdaM . 1 1 1 4' 0 Cldlal t t Hudfill~·- ~ 1 Clodrlft 0' 0 Omit a 4 Comlte ' .. OmiliO + Oylol: 2 •a calclu111 •1 •1 t + SVatow trtenate Ofthecle a 1 . 2 CtriOI a l t J'llrllillo4\ t ~ t Cygon I l'enlltli!I)M t t OOl a '\ 3' Peill*'> 4 0 0 OeFend 1 PM! hiM a 0' 0 Delna" s' 3' 0 Ptlo:ulrlll l t Olbfom a 2 :s pl\oll)!lllinkl

'OIIfaban, Bay!o• •® Baygon 1.1 lllt\lqullo aim-* ratea t.an be ~~only MMII\d 'IlOilO~,.,....

Tho to~lclly rollnoa wtro bllced on labOratory and llollld •tudlea by -lllncSIYidiHU with major contributions by CA Johanael\, WatNnoton Slate tlAIIIOfllty.

11 11 From Agrichemical Age , April, 1979 * * * * * -6-

Rubber Rabbltbrush, Rabbltbrushr lCHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS_) Composltae Sln-uba 8 Inches to 6 feet tall: k!aves narrow: tloweraln headl, ut~ually about 5 torether, yellow, no atrap.llhaped onea preaent; beacla In round or llat·topped clusters: achenes with long hatra at the apex. Plalna. valleya and hUla. Saakatcllowan to Brltlah Columbia. aouth to Tuu and Calltor• nln. Scattered over Colorado at 4,00().10,000 tcot. · Rabbltbruah hs probably the beat aource ot late ~aaaon nectau• In Colorado. The honey Ia reported to be amber In color and atrona In flavor. The Uquld In the honey aa~ ran(ea trom colorlltll to yellow and usually haa a stron1 odor. The honey from thla plant Ia a valuable aource ot overwlnterlns atore1. The tan t1owen1 are of Jlttle lmportanc. u a pollen source. Thla wuteland plant has a wide dlat.rlbutlon over the entlre atate• • Lat'ie numbera arow on the dry alopea and the poor lOll amona the aaa• brush. · Early- troat does not appear to affect the flowea'll or 11top nectar secretion. The late flow Ia dependable. John Hol:tberleln, Jr., of Meeker reports that ralna In late Au(USt and September occaalonaUy hamper the collecting of nectar from lt. This plant Ia much mot•e Important In Colot-ado Ill a IOUrce of latC! nectar than the aatera.

8ummat1' of obeanlatfoM Oft 11oft t~laitlno tkfe ~~: Percent supr In the nectar.. ,...... 19.4 t35.5l 61.3 Bees collected ...... 60 Bees with meaaurable honey sacs...... 40 Size ot ~oney aaca and color ot their llqui4...... Modlum to lar1e: . colorleu to Uaht yellow Datea observations were made ...... Auaust 24, Scptemboa· 5, 1955: July 28. A\lgust 22, Septombcr 4 and 5, 1956 Localities where bees wore obscrvcll ...... Monte Vista, Fort Col· llns, Antonito, Gardner, Craig, Meeker

PIGIIII J, 1-llllro.. Ia IM ..., ...,_,..,., loto '"'" ...... - 1o ,..... ef Col4otoft. tloh _,.... pl•t k wl4oly ollllrll••••- loo IV- I, MM

LOCAL HAPPENINGS The State Fair Honey Booth should be a success. The following Colorado Packers plan on having honey available at the booth; Haefeli Honey Farms, Danny Culhane, Madhava Honey, Rice•s lucky Clover, Paul Limbach, Leonard Blake, Guy Lee, Paul Hendricks, and Oalgarn &Sons. Gary Milligan of Durango found a seven pound fawn while moving some bees. The family adopted it with the blessing of the Fish and Game Department. Monte Anderson, a teacher and beekeeper living at Crook, had an electrical fire in his home. Part of his house had to be demolished. He is in the process of rebuilding. Glenn Toyne, so·n of Doo 1ey Toyne, a 1so had a fire. His doub 1e-wi de trailer was destroyed by a malfunctioning water heater. Tim Baublits, son of Bill and Dianne Baublits, will be teaching at Fowler. He graduated from U.N.C. in June and was a counselor for Frontiers of Science at U.N.C. this summer. Sherry Baublits, daughter of Bill and Diane Baub 1 its, toured with the Continental Singers this summer for the second time. * * * * * FOR SALE 250 colonies· of 8 frame hives and 250 colonies of 10 frame hives located in northeast Colorado. Several hundred supers with Pierco frames - both B's and 10 1 s. Contact Larry Johnston, 637 Co.ttom>~ood, Las Animas, Colorado, 81054. Phone {303) 456-0492. Dadant Mini-melter, stainless steel, nearly new and in excellent condition. New price: $264.00, will sell for $225.00. Contact R. G. Simpson, 1317 Lory St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80524. Phone {303} 4;84-1206. · ~ \ :' ' I , '

500, 10 frame medium and shallow supers~ Conta·ct Ernest Harer, 415 Fullenwider, Center, Colorado 81125. r : Root Extractor, 4-frame, reversible \vith motor. Galvanized and ·treated with epoxy. $300.00 Contact Tom Theobald, 8019 Neva Rd., Box 33, Niwot, Colorado 80544. Phone (303) 652-2266 from 7:00-7:30 a.m. * * * * * -8-

Cotoro.do Bee Notes NONPROfiT Robert G. Simpson, Editor PERMIT. 19 ORGANIZATION U.S. POST AGE Department of Zoology and Entoroology PAlO Colorado State University THIRD CLASS 'on C..li111, Co !Of 1100 1062 t Fort Co 11 ins., Co 1ora do 80523 ,.,"''' Nu""""* tt . DEVOTED TO EOUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY

DECEMBER, 1985 * * * * * NOTICE * * * * * NOTICE * * * * * NOTICE * * * * * OATES FOR THE C.OLORAOO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION MEETING HAVE BEEN CHANGED The dates of the CBA Convention have been set back one week to December 7 & 8. Since the meeting follows Thanksgiving by only two days, it was felt that it would create many holiday and travel conflicts. The convention will be held at the , Denver Day•s Inn at Colfax and Hwy. 70 as previously announced (see map). Noted speakers ·for ~he co·nventfon will be Mr. Tim lawrence and Ms. Sue Colby from Vacaville Apiaries, Vacaville, California.· They will speak on the .. Breeding of Bees and Artif,cial Insemination ... A demonstration will accompany the presentation. They ·wi) J. give an . update on the African . Bee in Ca 1 i forn1 a. ·. · · Paul Limback will speak on . "Pollination". This will be fo11owed by a panel discussion on 11 Ae -~ial Spraying~~. An update on new chemicals will. be presented as well. The meeting wi11 · start at 9:00 alrm. on December 7. When making reservations be sure and say that you are with the C.B.A. for special rates. * * * * * NOTICE. *. * * * * · NOTICE . * * * * * NOTICE * * * * * The Pike's Peak Beekeepers• Association will soon have their 1986 Bee Calendars on sale for $2.50. My 1985 calendar is a dandy and I treasure the monthly hints, artwork, and information. Contact Mike Herr, 4641 N. Crimson Circle, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80917 for your calendar. The Editor * * * * * Little drops of honey, little grains of wax Help the thrifty beekeeper pay his income tax. The Bee Buzzer

* * * * * .. -2 ...

DENVER METRO . AREA MAP

Gol4kn ... • ·' f9'tiki. ,. ~ o.f o.ft\'et vl.a U.$ ~ \Jf l·";'ll

THORNTON

ARVADA

EN<.~t t Yt'()OO

\.

* * * * * Send in your equipment items for sale or wanted - there is no charge to have them published in Bee Notes. * * * * * -3-

BEEKEEPING LICENSE FEE: The CBA Advisory Board met in Denver on October 8, 1985. The purpose was to establish annual fees for beekeepers--something everyone could live with under the new 1aw. The fee schedule the Advisory Board came up with which is to be considered by the Colorado Agriculture Commission members is as follows: Colonies · Fee 1-3 $ 2.50 (The intent for this fee is to cover license plates, etc.) 4-15 $10.00 16-30 $15.00 31-100 $20.00 101-200 $25.00 201 to infinity $25.00 plus Sf per colony

The Commission will meet later th·is month (O~tober}. We wi 11 keep you infonned as to their decision.

* * * * *

The Best Angle--The best angle from which to approach any problem is the try~angle. The Bee Buzzer * * * * * FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APICULTURE IN TROPICAL CLIMATES The I nternat i ona 1 Bee Research Association is p1 eased to announce that the Government of Egypt has agreed to host the 4th International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. Dr. Youssef A. Walli, Minister of State for Agriculture and Food Security, has invited IBRA to convene this conference in Cairo in March, 1988. The President of the conference will be Dr. Abdel Rahim Shehata, Director of the Agri cul tura 1 Research Centre Cairo, and the conference Chairmen will be Dr. Ahmed Awada11ah, Head of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Cairo, and Mr. Tecwyn Jones, Deputy Director, Tropical Development and Research Institute, London. Or. M. M. Mazeed of the Bee Section of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Cairo, will be Conference Secretary. The Conference will be organized by a local committee of representatives from the Ministry, a number of university departments in Egypt, and by a Steering Corrmittee of international specialists includingt from IBRA, Or. Margaret Adey, Director. and Dr~ Nicola Bradbear, Information Officer for Tropical Apiculture. Further infonnation on dates, programs, and organizational matters will be issued as soon as this is available. From International See Research Association * * * * * -4-

Sandb.ar Willow; (SALIX INTIRI~Rh Sallcaceo• · · · Low ahruba to small treu up to 15 feet tall; le~lVes narrow: tlowera In ·elonpted catkins, the 1tamtnato and pistillate on separate tree~. Banks ~1 streams and lake& Maine to wutern Canada, south to Marylan

Stunmar» o/ obtBMX~tiont em bse~J ttfaltJng this BtJCfcle•: Pereent sugar in the nectar...... ,...... 40.1 <52.8) 63.7 Bets collected •...... •... .,...... 3 Betta with meuun\ble hor..ey sacs...... 8 Size of honey saca. and color of their liquid ...... Small to medium: light yellow Date observations weN madc...... May 30, 19!6 LoeaUty where bees were ob~erved ...... ~ ...... Fort Co!ltna

* * * * * . ~.

-5-

WOOD-ROTTING FUNGUS CAN EAT UP TOXIC CHEMICALS The discovery that a common fungus that rots dead trees also degrades toxic chemicals may open up a whole new field of environmental waste disposal. Possible applications for the organism, Phanerochaete chrysoseorium, better known as wh1te rot fungus, could include cleaning soil and water of problem pollutants, converting coal into liquid fuel, and reclaiming valuable chemicals from agricultural and industrial waste. MSU biochemists Stephen D. Aust and John A. Bumpus and colleagues report 1n Science magazine that they disovered P. chrysoseor1um's remarkable properties in the course of research on the chemical processes that allow white rot fungi to break down the main component of wood, a complex polymer called 11gn1n that is not affected by most microbes. Some of the carbon-based molecules that are components of lignin are also components of a number of long-lasting toxic chemicals and carcinogens. When the scientists tested the white rot fungus on some of these chem1cals, they also went down before the voracious rot • . Among the chemicals that !· .!=hrxsosporiuiJl will degrade are DDT, dfox1ns, Lindane, benzopyrene. and two .kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)tl According to Aust, the fungi do not actually ingest toxic· chemicals; rather, they secrete an enzyme. 11 gnase, that breaks a chemica 1 down into sma 11 er, more eas11y degraded molecules. These in turn are broken down into harmless carbon dioxide, with perhaps some chloride or bromide ions left over. Aust says the ., chemistry of the reaction is such that the fungus should be able to degrade many organoha 1ides, that is, chemica 1s based on carbon, ch 1ori ne, bromine, and other· re 1a ted e1 ement s. Th 1s wou 1d 1nc 1ude PCBs and many other tox 1c chem1 ca 1s that 'tend ·to persist 1n the environment. A1 though the process has so far proved · i tse 1f only in the 1aboratory • Aust is optfm1st1c about its prospects for application. He suggests such possib111t1es as inoculating contaminated so11 with fungus grown on wood chips, or adsorbing wastewater onto sawdust or some such material and then treating that with the white rot fungus. Such procedures cou 1d we 11 prove cheaper than the current costly decorit~ination methods used to clean up toxic waste. From Agrichem1ca1 Age August .. september. 1985

* t * * tJf r .. ·~ • ......

Co Z.On:ufo S.e No us Robert G. Simpson, Editor PERMIT. 19 -. Department of Entomology Colorado State University THIRD CLASS Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 COI,..ORAOO STATE UNIVERSITY · E)(P.f:RIMENT STATION INTOMOI.OGY !J!CTION

DEVOTED TO EDUCATION ANp RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY MARCH 1986

WINTER MEETING - COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION The 1985 winter business meeting of the C.B.A. was held in Golden at Day•s Inn on December 8th. President Danny Culhane called the ~eeting to order at 9:15AM. The first item of old business was the Colorado Bee Law. Danny reported on the license fee schedule. He explained the fee schedule and the volunteer bee inspection program that the Advisory Board recommended at the meeting held in October. He then reported on the considerably higher fee schedule that the Agriculture Commission passed at their meeting. The difference being a comparison of $125 to $475 for 1700 · colonies. The volunteer inspector•s program was kicked out because they · stated that we could not legally do it. Tom Jones, who was the only beekeeper available that attended the meeting, gave a r·eport. Danny read a quote made at an earlier meeting of the commission which stated that "Chairman Moschetti reiterated that this was only~ proposed schedule and the Commission will not do an,ything that the majo!'it_y of the industr,y did 11 not agree to • It was s~ggested that we use Chairman Moschetti's statement to protest the fees. After a lot of discussion ft was decided that the C.B.A. would send a resolution to all the members of the Agricultural Commission, Tim Shultz, and Bob Sullivan. The resolution will state that we feel the fees that are in effect now are too high for . us to live with and that we would like to see the schedule the Advisory Board recommended be adopted. It will suggest that perhaps there could be an added inspection fee to be paid at the time of an inspection. We feel the new fees will cause a large number of beekeepers not to renew their licenses because the fees are too high. We are concerned that after more than 10 years we still do not have a Bee Law that is workable, and that we hope the fee schedule c~uld be resolved before the new licenses are due. The next item of old business was the report on the honey booth ·at State Fair. Leonard Blake reported that we sold $2,300.00 worth of honey~ Several members of the C.B.A. were there to work in the booth and the Bee Cage. Live demonstrations wer·e given throughout the fair and each was well attended. Guy Lee stated that the fee for the booth next year may be considerably higher. The booth fees will be set by the Farm-City Council of which Guy and Leonard are members. The C.B.A. set a limit of $500 to be spent for a booth. 2

Meeting dates were set for the :next summer and winter meetings. The summer meeting will be June 28th in Salida. The winter meeting will be December 6th and 7th. Elections were held with the follo..wing elected: Preiident- Bill Morris Vice-President - Guy Lee Secretary-Treasurer - He 11 en ·'·Jones Nominations for the Advisory Board· for the Platte Valley are Tom Jones, delegate and Dooley Toyne, alternate. Submitted by Hellen Jones

* * * * * BEEKEEPER LICENSE FEE SCHEDULE Set by State of Colorado Agricultural Commission On October 25, 1985 Colonies Fee

1 - . 3 $ 5~00 plus 25 cents per colony 4 - 15 20.00 plus 25 cents per colony 16 - 30 30.00 plus 25 cents per tolony 31 - 100 40.·00 plus 25 cents per colony 101 and over 50.00 plus 25 .cents per ~olony Editor * * * * *

Honey granulates ~ost rapidly at 57°F (14°C}~

LOCAL HAPPENINGS: The American Beekeeping Federation held their anriual meeting in Phoenix, Arizona January 19-24. Some of those attending from Colorado were Mr. &Mrs. Danny Culhane, Mr. &Mrs. Gary Milligan, Mr. & Mrs. John Haefeli, Harold Wehling and Mr. ~Mrs. Dooley Toyne. The Tri-Country Committee reported on the African bee, and the Varoa and Trachael mites on Monday. Alfred Dietz of the University of Georgia states the African bee has aclimatized and moved as far south as the 40th parallel. N. Koeninger of Germany and Raymond Bornec-k of France say that it is impossible to winter the African bees they had imported into their respective countries. • 7' 3

Gerald Rose of Eagle missed his first winter CBA meeting in many years. He· wa$ having heart by-pass surgery ·at Porter· Memorial Hospital in Denver a.t the time. He i.s getting along f'ine.- The day after he g_ot home, Sioux .Honey Company showed up to pick up his honey· crop. Thanks to Claude Wood and some friends the honey was loaded for Gerald. The Ernie Harers of Center have their second grandchild. Their daughter Joan Scarborough and husband of Pratt, Kansas had a son, Stephen Lee on August 24, 1985. The Colorado beekeepers now have a member representing them on· the Colorado .farm Bureau Advlsory Committe'e. Dooley Toyne was appointed to · . Jhe Horticultur~l - Advisory Committee in January. Paul Hendricks of Englewood flew to Washington in -December to lobby .. for the honey support program. A daughter, Carolyn, of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Simpson was married to Mr. Kurt Smalley in October. The Smalleys reside in · Fort Collins.

I 'I• * * * * · * TIP--If your bees are watering at your neighbor's cows' water trough, tell the neighbor to put ju~t a little (couple of tablespoons} mineral oil in the water. The cows won •t know · it •.s there but the bees wi 11 and they '11 decide. to go elsewhere to. water. From the Michig~n Beekeeper~ Newsletter Dooley Toyne * *· •• * • .

Honey sugars have about 25% greater sweetening · power ~ than cane sugar.

* * * . ' * . . . ' . .• COMPARISON OF HONEY BEES 1 VS HAND AND SELF POLtiNAJlO~FOR OBTAINING SEED FROM WILD TYPE SUNFLOWERS IN CAGES V. L. Collison and . R. L.- Wilson 3 ·

ABSTRACT A 2-year comparison was made of three pollination methods for one .· wi 1d a<;:.cess ion of sunf1 ower, -He 1 i.anthus annuus l. , in cages. Sunflowers exposed to honey bees, Aphis mellifera L., produced from five to' nine times more seed than those pollinated by hand or self pollinated. The cost of producing a gram of seed using honey bees is only 10% as much as using the traditional method of hand pollination. THE SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST, VOL. 10 NO. 4, DEC. 1985. Editor * * * * * 4

* * * ·* * Joy Blanton, P.O. Box 797, Lamar, Colorado 81252 is looking for some information about her grandfather, D.C. Polhemus, who was. a beekeeper in 1917. If anyone knows anything about Mr. Polhemus or the history of C.B.A., she would like to hear from them. Dooley Toyne * * * * *

OBITUARIES Cecil M. Mount, 88, died January 28, 1986 at Boswell Memorial Hospital in-Sun City, Arizona. He was born in La Jara, Colorado and was employed by the U.S. Postal Service for 59 years. He also ran approximately 100 colonies ·of bees. He was a veteran of World War I and was a member of the LaJara Rotary Club, the Masonic lodge and Lakeview United Methodist Church. He moved to Arizona 14 years ago. Survivors include his wife, Lucy, daughters Marian Snow and Dorothea Moore and four grand chi 1dren. Funera 1 ·services were he 1d January 31 at Sun City.

~~!· McClaughertx, longtime Monte Vista, Colorado resident, died . January 3, 1986 at the Alamosa Community Hospital. · He was 83.

Mr. McClaugherty was born September 23, 1902, in Bi rm·; ngham, A1 abama, to Madison McClaugherty and Idellia Harris. On April 20, 1939 he married Berthal Bates. She survives. He was a commercial beekeeper for 50 years, and a member of the Sioux Honey Association for 40 years. He also served as past President of the Colorado Beekeepers Association. He was a teacher, and enjoyed hunting, fishing, and other mountain activities. Other survivors are two sons, Kyle Jay of Denver, and Ralph W. of Edroy, Texa's, and . lO grandchildren: · Julie Todd of Orlando, Florida, Kerry and Ethan McClaugherty, both of Denver, Ralph E. and Charles, both of Colorado Springs, Colorado, Andrew P. and John W. both of Monte Vista, Colora~o, Aaron and Robert G. both of W~shington D.C. and Shaun of ·Idaho Springs, Colorado.

He is survived by seven great-grandchildren: Courtney, Catherine, Evan, Erica, Charles I. McClaugherty, and Sara Nicole and James Montana Todd. His grandchildren wrote the eulogy, and grandson Ralph E. presented it during the funeral service. His son, Ralph W. of Edroy, Texas, still carries on the family bee business in Texas. 5 ..... * * * * * In the Fort Collins area the -bees have been active with egg laying and rearing brood since the first week of February. Some pollen is being brought j·nto the hives. Make sure there are sufficient reserves of honey or syrup to carry the bees through until fruit trees and dandelions bloom. · In this area this early bloom starts in late April or early May depending on weather conditions. Smaller beekeepers may want to consider pollen patties. Don't forget to medicate with Terranycin for American and European fowl brood. Terramycin must be removed from the _supers 30 days before the nec~er flow.· Some books and bulletins indicate one of the materials to be used for fowlbrood diseases is sodium sulfathiazale. This chemical is no longer permitted to be used in bee colonies in the treatment of fowlbrood diseases. Editor * * * *

THE "AFRICAN .. H6NEY BEE edited by David J.C. Fletcher and Michael o. · Breed The introduction and spread of the African honey bee and its hybrids in the New World has received substantial pub1ic and scientific at~ention • . In this book the available scientific information concerning ·the identif1catiqn·, b~ _ ology, and management of the bee is reviewed. _The first section covers the biology of· the African honey bee in Africa, the introduction ·of African genetic stock to the New World~ and the subsequent s_pread of "African" bees. The second section presents state-of-the-art knowledge of the biology of the bee in South and Central America. Included are chapters on genetics, defensive behavior, mating systems, foraging, population dynamics, ·fmpacts ·on native species and diseases~ Methods of identification of pure and hybrid types are given. The final section revi·ews the impact of the bee on apicultural management systems, with separate chapters on management in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, and -Africa. This book is particularly timely, given the recent arrival of the "African" bee in the United States. It will be of interest to ethologists, behavioral ecologists, ecologists, entomologists, and apicultural researchers, as well as to beekeepers. 6

David J.C. Fletcher is associate professor of entomology at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. After earning his doctorate at the University of Natal, he became head of the Bee Research Laboratory of the Plant Protection Research Institute in Pretoria, where he conducted research on the African bees for twenty years. Michael D. Breed is associate professor in the Department of Evolutionary, Population, and Organismal Biology ·at the University of Colorado in Boulder. ca. 350 pages · : ISBN 0-8133-7209-7 (sc) December 1986 Book Code: FLEAFRS $38.85 Studies in Insect Biology

* * * * * Yvonne Pace was crowned the 1985 Honey Queen of the Pikes Peak Beekeepers Association in Colorado Springs. •\ Contact Mike Herr, 4641 N. · Crimson Circle, Colorado Springs, 80917 in order to buy a 1986 Bee Calendar produced by the Pikes Peak Beekeepers Association. The calendars are very attractive and great reminders for beekeeping··chores. * * * * *

FOR SALE: My hobby is too big. Dadant 20 frame radial extractor w/honey gate. Extracted only 20,000 lbs of honey; like new, $650.00. Kelley's capping melter, w/bucket and stand. Al _so like new, $80.00. 25 colonies of bees. Price negotiable (no Amer. Fowlbrood). 1385 S. Willow St., Denver, Colorado 80231. {303) 755-3414. One (1) mile due west of Buckingham Shopping Center.. Choron A. Grimsley . . FOR ·SALE: 500 colony honey, pollen and packing operation in western Colorado. 4 1/2 acres with house, honey house, shed, well, vehicles, 2 acres tillable. Senior water rights. Room for expansion in packing business. $140,000.00 cash. Serious inquiries only, please. Evenings after 6 PM (303) 625-3382. Blane Colton. 7

FOR SALE: Oil and coal fired steam boilers, 8 or 10 frame factory made bottoms and telescoping covers, vibrating knife uncapper, 8 frame wood section supers, full round comb honey sections. All reasonably priced. 876-5489. Paul Limbach.

FOR SALE: 25 2-story colonies; supers and brood boxes ~11th comb i frame feeders; Kelly•s 40-gal S.S. double boiler with heater, cover, strainer screen and honey gate; Kelley•s S.S. water-jacketed automatic sump w1th heater, cover, and motor control; Dadant S.S. Little Wonder 4-frame power extractor; S.S. sink for uncapping comb and liquifying honey. Some miscellaneous equipment. Prices negotiable. Donald E. Bunnell, 3830 W. County Rd. #8, Berthoud, Colorado, 80513. (303) 532-3820 evenings and weekends.

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AFRICANIZED BEES AND MITES. OF BEES

THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY c:olumbus.• IJh!t:? . . ' . ' MARCH 30- APRIL 1 1987

F•:t~ Ir.tforrnat.iC•l1 Cr::t11.tact.: [.tr. Gle11. ~·Ieed.heltL or D:r .. Rctb F'ag.e Depa:rtme11.t of E11.ton1•::tlog.~l T:b.e Ohict St.;s.te TJni'lersit~,r Col 1Jrrt bus~ Cl:r.LitJ 1.

'.

Co.Zomdo Bee Notes Robert G. Simpson, Editor PERMIT. 19 Department of Zoology and Entoroology Colorado State University THIRD CLASS Fort Collins., Colorado 80523 COI..ORAOO STATE UNIVERSITY !:XP£AIMENT STATION ENTOMOl.OGY SECTION OEVOTgo Tp EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY

JUNE 1986

· SUMMER MEETING - COLORAPO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION The summer meeting of th.e Colorado Beekeepers Association is planned for Saturday, June 28, 1986. _·The meeting will be held again ·at the Shavano Manor located at 16th ·& I Street· in Salida, Colorado {just east of Salida Swimming Pool Pavilion). The program will begin at 9:00 AM. Lunch will be provided for a nominal price at noon. The meeting will resume at 1:00 PM. The summer meeting of the CBA will be utilized to examine problems of the beekeepers and to develop a program addressing those problems. Among the issues to be considered are: Disease Control Conduct annual disease control workshops. · Develop ! CBA logo Will help to identify Colorado honey • . This logo could be used on honey labels, letterheads, advertising etc. Also to be used in promoting Colorado Honey at the State Fair, County Fairs, Annual Town and City Celebrations, newspaper articles etc. Pol-lination Studl Conduct a study to determine the importance of the honey bee to Colorado Agriculture. Good Colorado data is essential when dealing with the legislature and could influence an overall CBA -program.

Organizatio~al Change I Oiscuss ·a change in the CBA organization to 1nclude a Board of .Directors (perhaps the same as the advisory board) and the incorporation of regional Bee Associations in the CBA (already proposed). 2

Vidio Tape Production Produce two video tapes (1) a short tape for use at the State Fair to combat publicity of the African bee, pesticide poisontng, honey promotion and importance of honey bee in pollination. (2) Produce a tape .for elementary classrooms to teach appropriate sections noted above and the biology of the honey bee.

Other A~enda Items (1) The CBA will participate in .the Colorado State Fair again this year. The bee cage will be used in addition to other educational items. The eleven day period will be divided into one and two day increments and allocated to participating beekeepers and beekeeping associations. Education will be emphasized although honey can be : sold. We. will have a Colorado Honey Queen and a bee beard. One day will be set aside as Colorado Honey Day for media promotion. Guy Lee will be coordin.ating. Anyone wishing to participate please call 634-5188. (2) Select a new chairman for the Education Committee. (3) Discuss arrangements and agenda for.the CBA winter meetipg.

by Guy lee ****************************************************************************** SEND IN ITEMS OF INTEREST FOR THE BEE NOTES ***************************************************************************** Honey Price Support Program

On Thursday, May 8th, the U.S. House of Representatiyes Budg~t Committee threw a scare over the entire beekeeping industry by adopting an amendment offered by Rep. Hank Brown (CO) to eliminate funding for the Honey Price Support Program from the 1987 budget! Describing the program as 11 indefensib1~ 11 . , Rep. Brown commented that only 200 or so beekeepers were benefiting from this $100 million program. Fortunately, Larry Meyers, the Washington lobbyist whom the A.B.F. has retained from time to time, was on the job and persuaded Rep. Vic Fazio (CA) to offer a .motion to reconsider this action when the committee resumed its deliberations. Using information provided, Larry Meyers prepared a statement for Rep. Fazio's use. As a result of these comments, and a number of telephone calls to committee members from the people back home, the Budget Committee reversed its previous action and restored funding for the program by a vote of 17 to 10! It appears that the Colorado beekeepers have a big job ahead. of them to explain the problems of beekeeping economics to. Congressman Brown. Dooley Toyne ****************************************************************************** 3

Poisoning of Honey Bees Information and . calls ·regarding honey bee kills, primarily on alfalfa, are coming in at a fast clip. Unfortunately these problems are likely to continue until the first cutting is off the field. It appears that the only means of preventing bee mortality in alfalfa areas .is to move the hives until spraying in the foraging area (2-3 ·m1) or cutting is complete. Most sprays for the alfalfa weevil..are applied ·on th~ first cutting-an occasional spray application -might .. be made on the stubble, but this should cause no problem for the bees. '· Yes, this means a 1ot of work but which option do beekeepers prefer? ·Lets face facts; ..· the a~ri~l applicators and chemical representatives are not going to change their programs just for a few pounds of bees. So it will be up to the beekeepers to prevent heavy losses from occurring. Although it probably will be too late for use this summer a brochure "How to Reduce Bee Poisoning" will help with infonnation on nearly all common insecticides. In addition to the hazardous materials to bees other information relative to the length of toxic residue in hours or ·days is presented. If you have hives within foraging distance· of alfalfa ·I '·· WOUld urge you to get' a copy and keep it handy for the future. All regi-stered beekeepers in the state received a copy from the Division of Plant Industry very recently. The same brochure was published by the Cooperative Western State Extension Service and can be obtained from the exter'sion service, Washington State University at Pullman, Washington.' Editor ****************************************************************************** ITEMS "FOR SALE 11 OR 11 WANTEO" ARE PUBLISHED FREE - SEND THEM IN.

****************************~************************************************* MORE ON ALFALFA WEEVILS Here we go again! The May 12, 1986 High Plains Journa1 ran an article on controlling alfalfa weevil with Pencap M. The reason 1s, ··it costs $2-$3 per acre less than Furadan. I don't know about the rest of you, but this weevil control appears to be harder on bees than it is on the weevil. Dooley Toyne ***************************************************************************** . .,

4

TASTE AND SOURCE OF HONEY Per:iodica.lty, articles· on the low consumption of honey by the American public appears before· the beekeeping industry. Various factors are attributed to this low consumption from lack of advertising. the need for a more attractive container or bottle, better labels that appeal to the public eye and pressure from hugh amounts of imported honey. All of these probably affect sales to some degree but have you tasted some of the honey being sold? ! ' have a jar of Acasia honey from China that isn't fit for the Post Office glue pot. Yellow Star Thistle honey from a large department store in San Francisco is no better. Personally, I feel that honey with flavor of these two examples probably will do more harm to discourage increased consumption than all of· the factors listed above. Editor ***:**·************************************************************************ Along the same vein - if you haven't done so - examine the honey in t~ .e supennarkets and note the mixtures ... that from the USA usua 11 y is . listed last after Argentina, Mexico and Canada indicating the least amount. We need to emphasize .domestic or local honey much more. , Editor ***************************************************************************** Press release PLANTS AND BEEKEEPING by F. N. Howes !BRA has acquired from Faber & Faber the residual stock of the latest edition of PLANTS AND BEEKEEPING by the late F. N. Howes. Published in 1979, this edition has a foreword by Or. Eva Crane and additional material by Or. J. B. Free on oilseed rape, now an important crop for bees • . PLANTS AND BEEKEEPING (paperback edition only) is available from its sole. dist-ributor, the International Bee Research Association, Hill House, .Gerrards Cross, Bucks Sl9 ONR, UK, price· $5.}5· or .US $9.00, post paid.

NEW BEEKEEPING DICTIONARY A new Dictionary has been added to the International Bee Research Association's Series ,DICTlONARY OF BEEKEEPING TERMS WITH AlliED SCIENTIFIC TERMS. It is Volume 9: English-French-Japanese, 187 pages, and it is available direct from IBRA, Hill House, Gerrards Cross, Bucks Sl9 ONR, UK, price $8.80 or US $14, post paid. I •

5

BEE HIVES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD by Dr. Eva Crane and Professor A. · J. Graham , · . One of the highli-ghts of Bee. World in 1985 was the article (in two parts·) on Bee· hives of the Ancient World by Or. Eva Crane and Professor A. J.· Graham.T~e paperprovfde.s a synthesis of the available evidence about hives of the Ancient World, much of the evidence resulting from research work done in the past ten years. Of particular interest are finds made · during excavations on the mainland and islands of Greece, and in the Maya region ·of Central America. The Maya remains provfde the first archaeologi·cal evfdence· for beekeeping in the· New .world. Many types of hive from :·the Ancient World have been found still in use, especi·ally .' in Mediterranean countries, but also farther afield - for instance in · Ethiopia and Kashmir. Bee hives of the Ancient World has been reprinted, with a two-colour illustrated cover,as a 44-page reprint (!BRA Reprint M117). ·. It ·is · · · ~ .-.. · available direct from the International Bee Research Association, Hill House, Gerrards Cross, Bucks SL9 ONR, UK; the price is $4 or US $6.80, post paid. ***************************************************************************** LOCAL HAPPENINGS Roger and Monteen Wadleigh are grandparents now. Their son and daughter-in-law, Mike and Teresa had a girl on February 21, 1986. The baby's name is Heather lynn. The family resides in Cheraw . . Roger Wadleigh sold his bees to Bill Baublits. He now works for 8111 • .· Dooley Toyne ****************************************************************************** UNCAPPING HONEY Recently, my beekeeping class had a brief experience using the relatively new Phifa (Swedish) uncapping plane on a limited number of frames frozen last fall. Several students had never uncapped honey before and thought the plane was neat. One student who had previous experience with a Pierce knife did not care for it. Personally, I want to try it on more frames - think I might like it. Editor ****************************************************************************** 6

HONEY §g FARM Mr. Jack Walburn, representing 'Colorado Ecology Project', hopefully w111 meet with us in Salida .on the 28th. Jack has pursued various aspects of getting a Honey bee farm permanently located at the Denver Zoo and wfll discuss this project with us. This will help beekeepers 1nfonm the public · about bees and honey on a grand · scale since about one mf111on people v1sft the zoo each year. It w111 require that beekeepers help to get it established and maintain the honey bee farm, however. Early and prolonged flowering of fru1t. and flowering· trees, shrubs and dandelions fn the Fort Co111ns and Greeley area filled some honey supers of some . local beekeepers. Lets hope this portends a good omen for the rest of the season. Editor ***************************************************************************** WANTED IQ §.!!!: Water jacketed sump with motor fn reasonably good condition. Call (303) 484-1206. Evenings. Keep trying.-

~k»Ndo · S.• Notes Robert· G. S'1mpson·, Editor. PERMIT: 19.· Department of ZOology and EntotOOlogy Colora~ Sta.te l)n1vers1ty THIRD CLASS Fort Collins., Colorado 80523 · ·

-· .. ·:1: COLO,.AOO MTA'nl UNIVK.. 81TY IXII'PI.. SNT .TATICN llNTOMOLOOY .ICTION

DEVOTED TO EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COI:-ORAOO SEE INDUSTRY

SEPTEMBER, 1986

An Open letter to the Beekeepers of Colorado At the summer CBA meeting. during discussion of the fee schedule for 1986 bee licenses, it was noted, with some pride, that many beekeepers had paid up. Frankly, I see no reason to gloat. It was also noted that there are far fewer beekeepers in the state this year and that those that are paying up seem to have far fewer bees than .1n previous seasons. That the current situation is less than satisfactory to many should be self-evident. In 11 seasons of cormnerc1al beekeeping, I can state with certainty that I have yet to recefve a dimes worth of service from the state. Surely, I will not live long enough to receive $175.00 (my license fee) in services. Clearly, many among us feel the same. Son~ of us have just ignored the is.sue and thrown .away the application. Others have claimed fewer, bees than we really have. It gripes me no end to realize that the state has turned otherwise honest and hard-working men and women into liars. We are an association of liers. The Colorado bee law, as 1t stands, does a little for some of us and nothing for most of us. The law does not . address the concerns of the larger operations, who are expected to provide the bulk of the furtds, while a handfull of beekeepers are provided with .. the nicety of being able to call up the inspector so that he can point out FB scale to them. I have never had .my bees inspected. If I was unable to deal with disease I'd have been out of business long ago. I certainly know a great deal more about disease. and it's prevention than the local bee inspector. I should pay $175.00 for what? There is nothing 1n the bee 1aw to prevent someone from moving into my area and placing bee yards next to my o~m.. There is nothing 1n the law to pre9ent someone from bringing mite-infested or even Africanized bees into the state •. It ,would seem time to consider these and other issues of concern to those that would foot the tab for inspectors. I resent the fact that a portion of the enorniDus sum of moany extorted from beekeepers this year 1s being used to finance new pickups for the inspectors. I st111 drive my old one. Why can't he? I am w1111ng to pay for services rendered. No more. I would like to suggest that we all consider the issues that have turned us into an association of liars and show up at the winter meeting armed with the ideas a.nd enen'JY necesstu·y to rectify th1s situation.

Respectfully~

J ~:"..,.., /")) . ·~ ~~.~~ .. Slane Colton ****************************************~************************************

The winter meeting of the -Colorado Beekeepers Association wi11 be held ·fn Colorado Springs this year on the li'Jeekend of 6... 7 Oecembcu'. Included in the agend• will be items of interest to both the hobby and professional beekeepers. Suggestions are requested for topics on items for the agenda.. Please fcn'ward them to Guy Lee at 741 Castle Rd. Colorado Springst CO 80904. **************i'****************~*****************************************~***

It probably would be a good idea to get mouse guards installed soon. It ufeelsn like wint.er could come early again as it did in 1985. *******.***~'t*********************************************************'********* u.nc!1.2ffl~~i Hone~ The Phifa (Swedish) uncapping plana works nicely and I am able to consistently cut thinner capp1ngs, my wrist no longet· aches after a day of extracting and as the advertising states - the tappings do seem to drain faster., It feels aw;.kward at first but so did the regular Pierce uncapping knife.. You might want to experiment with one .. Editor ***'fl'*********

~ .Quettton. t_tl~ tl!_s.d~!fl !f. Bee~eel!ing,? .. Read .9!! This article was taken from January 1986 ASJ.

HONEY BEES PROVIDE A GOOD LIVING FOR HIM " Recently. there '\fas a question in the Bee Journal; "Can one make a I living by keeping bees? ------1 would like to relate my experience in regard to the question .. v I was born and t.. eared a farm boy in Oklahoma, and after graduating from high school»

Ford. We found a job that summer (1936) 1n the wheat fields nearby Denv.er. Having relatives in Greeley. I stayed there where ! met the girl who was to bec_otr..e my wife in 1937. After marriage, I went to work for L. R. Rice &Sons who operated over 1000 colonies of bees in northern Colorado~ I worked there until 1955 when they started an operation in the San luis Valley of southern Colorado.. During that time we had two consecutive crops of 300 pounds and 360 pounds. Due to changes 1n farming practices, the potential for a honey crop dropped to 30·50 pounds and the bees were sold. I went to Sunnyside, Washington and worked for Jim•s Valley Apiaries, ~Jho eventually operated several th~usand co1on1es. We returned to Greeley where I worked as a retail dairy route salesman. I borrowed $500~00 and bought 50 colonies and equipment. I continued buying retired beek~eper operations who wanted to retire, until 1 had around 900 colonies, paying from $5.00 to $22.00 per h1ve. No money down and 7% interest. We raised four daughters during that time and eventually had the bees paid for. In 1973 I went into beekeeping full time. Our area seldom produces over 60 ... 80 pounds, occasionally 100 pounds .. The last few years I have taken bees to pollinate both hand-picked and machine ... picked pickles, but due to arthritis I have discontinued this. I have sold most of my bees, but still operate over 200 colonies. The circle now is almost complete .... having reached age 70. I too am about to retire. ucan you make a 11v1ng at beekeeping?" Not boasting, but my last financial report totaled assets of well over $100',000.00. I could not have asked for a better occupation. It has been very enjoyable and very profitable. Robert Kent 1702 3rd Avenue Greeley, CO 80631 Now the circle has been completed. Bob Kent sold his bees th1s spring to Morris Apiaries in Greeley. He is now enjoying his retirement growing a .nice garden and going fishing. He plans to do some traveling~ Good luck, Bob. As we all know ·he deserves to er1joy his retirement. submitted by 8111 Morris ****************' **************************'****************'~"************~***~'*

Annually the Colorado Farm-city Council sends to the ed1tors of Colorado ne~1spapers a compilation of articles written for the purpose by persons of prominence or expertise in vat"ious fields of agriculture. The .... 4.. .

articles are printed at the discr'et1on of the editors.. We need to include an up-beat, forward looking article ~~ritten by one of OUt'' Bef~· keepersll If you can contribute, contact Guy t.ee (63fl· -51BS)~ *****~*********************~~nwww*********~****~*****************************

REMEMBER ...... Wax ft>ths are lookitlg over your hives at this time of the );e"in·.. Be sure to treat your frames before storing them for the season .. ***********~*******************~*******************************~********w****

In2ortaQ! ~,go;) c.e

As most of you know the National Beekeep·ing orglHtizations have spent a tremendous amount of time and money to save the Honey Support Program,. They need your financial assistance no~v., Pay your dues now.. If you don't belong to a group, join now~ Without th~mt t'•te would be without a program. · t. ~ Dooley Toyne W$~**********************-*****"t-1''1\'*'it**·"'t"'rk************'l-*****

The Jli'fy issue of Ne"'1sweek had an article c~:Jncerning the dangers to humans by the use of pesticides~ The article states in part u---the r·e.a1 guina pigs in the experirr.ents on pesticide safety are f1e1d hands ~ho come in contact with poisons every \~Orking dayu~ The a.rticle also quotes pesticide poisoning specialist Or. Naijvin Gordon of San Diego as estimating the true number of people poisoned w·ith pesticides in California 1ast year at 3211000. In consider·ation of this" we Beekeepers have a powerful argument for· the careful use of pesticides. We should point out to the fanner' the potential hazt1rch~ to the health of himself and his familY as ~'ell as the damage to the ecology of his cn"ea, hL water contamination, loss of beneficial irlsects, etc. through the reckless use of pesticides. . . ~y~e ****~''itw.-.\·1tW:'k?-'1'k'k*****'****~.. **********trlr."'lrk-A·w-t?*'k"f.l1'rk******** 1>'*'f-tiew************'**111***

Coloradq_ .§!!J! ~~.. t~ .., ~

This year the Colorado Beekeepet~s ?~ ssociatiOi'l participates in the . Coloado State Fair* Saturday, 23 August ~:as chosen as ncolorado Honey Day". Nancy Rieck, our nco10t"'(H.io Honey Queenu (of the Pikes Peak Beekeepers Assn.) will attend to promote Colorado Honey and an understanding of the importance of the Honey See to Co1or·ado Agriculture.., If you visit the fair (22 Aug. thru 1 Sept.) stop by the Colorado Pavillion and say hello. Guy lee ) ****************************************'k*********************~**~**~~******* ( -5-

_tljghlfg_t!Ji.! gf .i!he. !!~!~1:!1 Agrj_cultvr! §..9£i!l.! ... Victor!!, j!.,f. ~

The resuits of a tt<~O"*year" ~tudy by [h'" 9 Basfl Furgala, University of Minnesota, on pollen trapping r,evealed the following information with fu11 -time tr·aps .. 1. There is a negative weight gain in honey production .. 2~ A negative effect on the queen surv1va1. 3 ~ A negative effect or~ ,the weight of adu1 t production and brood production. 4o A positive effect on the moisture content (2-3%; 17.6-19~6) of honey~

Dr .. Orley Taylor p?~esented a discussion on the 18 Potentia1 Impact of African Bees in the United Statesu ~ Although this \~as a condensed vel-sion of an ear·lier paper it was an excellent reminder of what is heading our way,. One important i~Jlpact which probably will happen in 1986 or 1987 is that production of honey in southern Mexico (the area of quality honey production) will fa11 to about 30% of not1ma1 due to africanized bees. The northern spread of AHB is not known due to a lack of surveys in Mexico. There \oJere many other excellent pl"esentations as we11 as demonstrations ont queen marking. bee diseases, a hive scale) charting nectar flows, pollen traps, observation hives 11 sever~al bee beards, hive carts and hive 11fterse

The 1987 meeting \~:111 be in Reno{/ Nevada in July. Plan on attending - you will not be disappo·fnted. Editor ************************************•*********~'***•**********~**************

Fol7 Salft Three extractors, steam boiler, approximately 700 used 9 l/8 inch frames, 1000 end bars. ~~1v1n McCa11t 1725 Valley Forge Avenue,. Fort Collins, CO 80526~ (303) 482· .. 7196 .. Six hives and 12 deep supers. Six hats and veils, 2 pr. gloves (lt}ld. & large), 2 smokers, electric knife" hive tool, 4-.frame stainless steel hand extractor~ $625.00 for all~ l. 0. Johnson, 1071 Jasper, Aurora, C~ 80011, (303) 366-2422.

l Colorado Bae Notes Robert G. Simpson, Editor PERr~IT 19 Department of Entomology Co1ora.do State University THIRD CLASS Ftn·t Co 11 ins, Co 1ora do · 80523 tCIZ uA I J( t C:Ol.OJitAOO STATE ~YCAfiTY ltl

ANNUAL MEETING * COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATIONa a J tw ~ &;., .. .,..

Please note: the annual meeting on Decembet~ 6 a.nd 1 w111 be held in Colorado Springs, Colorado at the Raintree Inn Downtown (314 W. B1jou). From I-25 take the Exit 142 to reath the motel ~ it is visible from I-25. To make reservations ca11 471-8680 and mention. that you are attending the Colorado Beekeepers Association ~1eeting - this will save you money. Rooms are $35.00 single or double occupancy. The meeting r•oom is on the 3rd floor. PROGRAM Saturday. December 6 9:00 am - 9:30 am Announcements · 9:30 am - 10:30 am International Development 1n Beekeeping. Or. Peter Kevan, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. Canada.

10:30 am ~ 10:45 am Break 10:45 am - 11:30 am Question and Answer Period for Hobby Beekeepers, 11:30 am - 12:00 N Recognition .. Contributions to Colorado Beekeepers. 12:00 N - 1:00pm lunch"': soup and salad bar fn hotel., Also a listing of nearby restaurants w111 be available. 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm A look at Plant Pollination and Nectar Flow. Dr. Peter Kevan

2:30 pm ~ 2:45 pm Break 2:45 pm - 3:30 pm What's 1n the Beekeeping .Newi" State Bee Inspector, John Haefe11, Guy leea 3:30 pm - 4:00 pm Preview of Colorado Beekeepers fn 1987 ... ( -2-

4:30 pm - Sample mead or other fe~nts in the "hfve" in the 2nd floo~ lounge. Sunday, December 7 9:00 am - 4:00 pm Business meeting ... Please attend these meetings as many important items will be· discussed. . Guy. tee · ***************************************************************************** Dr .. Jaycox, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, at Las Cruces. New Mexico reported the following item concerning chalk.brood 1n his quarterly newsletter ..

REDUCING THE INCIDENCE ~ CHALKBROOD . There is evidence that.. chalkbrood can be more .damag1ng than tracheal · m1,tes, yet little progress has been made in controlling 1t. No effective control agents have been di.scovered. although many have been tested 1n the U.s. and Canada. Culling of old. black combs appears to be . worthwhile because the fungus causing chalkbrood, AscosEh.!~ra apis. may grow better in such combs or it may persist more readily 1n them. Professor l. A. F. Heath, of Pl~~outh Polytechnic in England, has been studying chalkbrood intensively.. He can now germinate the spores reliably, wh.1ch enables him and his students to investigate the conditions that might prevent·· . germination. The spores are very resista~t to heat, ultraviolet l.ight,, and many chemicals. However, they can be destroyed by the acetic acid treatment used to k111 Nosema apis spores on unoccupied combs. This does ,not entirely eliminate Chalibrood· because the spores are ·also carried on the bees themselves. However, acetic acid treatment ensures that larvae are not affected by residual spores on the comb. Details of Professor Heath's work were reported in the Huntingdonshf,re Beekeepers' Associatton Newsletter • .· Acetic acid fumigation is carried out by making sealed stacks of hive bodies containing empty combs. One ... fourth pint (150 ml) ·of 80 percent 'acetic ac1d is poured onto a cloth pad in each . super~ After a week in a · warm environment. the combs are aired for about 48 hours before be1rig used. ***************************************************************************** Here 1s another nectar plant in our series .from "Nectar and Pollen 11 Plants of co·l orado •

Showy Milkweed, Common Milkweed, Common Broad-leaved Milkweed; · (ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA); Asclepiadaceae Sterr•s 1 1/2 to 5 feet tall, stout; leaves large, ·oblong in shaf)e; ( flowers in rounded clusters, each flower about 1/2·3/4 inch long$ pink to ; ... ( ..•• ::··. -r ... ·.. .- ~·:.

whitish.. Plains and valleys often along ditehes, Saskatchewan to 8r1t1th . Columbi.a. south to Kan5as and Arfzon~, Wfd.1y sca·ttored over Colo:rado at 3,500-7,500 feet.. . .· The big problem with m11kweeds is that many of th• honeybees Jrt trapped by the floral parts wh11t eo11ectin9 neetar. ltl'f&.11y the tarsal .segments of the bee•s leg .are_ caught between two of the. elt~b,._ sha{)ed al-.st.ea . of pollen in a clfp.... · like device. called the eorpu.sculum. The worker bee · struggles to e•cape 4nd either breaks off part of its leg, pulls the . , corpusculum away from the flo~al ·· arrangement, or dies of exhaustion. . . Often severa.l bees a_nd oth_er po111ne. ting 1nseets can be s•en hanging dead on each f~ower~ Thfl' pollen grains are conte1ned in sacs called po111nia -· and are of no value to the honeybee .•

...

,. . . •_ " ~o: •. . :r~ -,. . •, .. ,.;· . . ·' ...... These p~ants b1oss• for severJl -.eks dur1nt the 1att SQ81er. l·t is consf4ertd • watd. . . , . . . · . The nectar 1s •vffi c1ent1y attraetf·ve ·tO thi bees tht\t thi·l' ue; returning to the plants. even thoug~ tbe1 haYe been trapped ·by tbi pltnts and .have been tble to break away ·ptev1ousl.y. · The authors have observed n-.rous bets vfs1ti-ng the · plants that have loit ~rsa1 Hfllntt .,,,_one or •re of the1 r legs. . · · . ,

. Bees "ltam" to V1S1t &1f$1fa plants Mit tffteti-Vtl.Y over I pe~.f· od of t1•, but do not se• to learn to avoid the c11~henfsm of the •11k•ed. . .

Th1s species ~uHs the h1ght$t los••• of bees of· a11 the a11bJieds. as 1t catches tht bees • legs ·1n the corpuscu1UtJ. The dttrfaenta1 aspects of t1111ng or daaging the bets preat1y rtt~~ces its v•~ue to ap1cv1ture. The ntctar 1s colorless and attractive to the bees. The plots . sect'ete freely for a period of sever•·l NMks d~.trtnt the .s..-er. A ..ll surplus is undo. ubtectly realized tn sCMe a.-,&s .e.re there are large n.-.rs of ·these p1antt. · · ·. ·

· · ·Plants usually trow along d1t~h banks, fence 11nu, ··, and 1n .. wastelands. The flowers are colorful and have a sweet. Odor.

, ~r1 of observations on bees v1s1t1ng this species:

Percent sugar 1n the ~eur ...... ~ ..... ,, •.••••••••• ~ ••• 26.3 (34.0) 45.7 lees co11e.cted ········ft········,~·········,··ft····o••29 Beet with IIIJSurable bont,y SICS •••••e••ao••·••••••••••17 Size of honey sacs and color of the1r ·11quid .. ~·······"'dfta to largei · 'olcrlets , Date$ ObHFVI't-1cns wtre ad• "~ ...... it •••• ~ •••••• "ul.v 4 tnd e. 195la dune 24, liM .. Loca11tfes where bees wre observed ····~~·········~··Fort Co1l1ns, · · . ·. ·Tt.,.ath, liNker · ...... ~,.············ ,·········· ·····················-··· · ··-····-··· October 31, 1986

Dear Editor;

· This year the Colorado Legislature, with suggestions fra~ the Colorado DetHlrtMnt of Agriculture, set the fees for 11cens1ng .Co1or•d0 beekeepers_, Beekeeper 1"put and sugpsttons were pntttJ.I ~SUch ignored. At the CBA s.t~~~~~r meetfng ft was stated thJt the CDA had co11ected $12.000 frora Colorado· beekeepers tnd P.UPChlied a new pickup truck to va for ·1-nspecting bee hives.. steuapers .-.qu.~sttng in fnspeqtfon for o . (tisease-free certificate ·to liOve hives to a~ther state st'f1l htve to pay for t~ total cott of 1ntpeet1oa. · · ,

.,.. \: ' I •'I

·...... ;" . ·.!r·' '

~.· ' •·' L·,. -5-

In past years, commercial beekeepers were inspected, charged the inspectors fee, and 1f passed, granted a disease free certificate even if not licensed. This year my license fees went from $50 to $600. Because of two poor honey years in a row, I could not afford the license fee for the first time since licensing began years ago. After splitting 100 hives into 200 to move to Arizona this fall, as in past years, i't was very disappointing to learn these hives had to stay in Colorado because the CDA refused inspection. Normally these 200 hives are wintered in Arizona where it is warm, saving on f~ed, and brought back to Colorado in late Spring to replace my winter loss. The only hives inspected this year, according to reports I have received. belong to small hobby beekeepers. I have long been a supporter of Colorado's bee laws and licensing system. but not it seems to me that the commercial beekeeper gets very little for his bee license~ Commercial beekeepers control disease to stay in business. There is no protection of their locations from large migratory beekeepers. Please attend the winter CBA meeting and see if we can solve some of the problems of our current law - Possibly, since the state has a new pickup (it should last a few years), fees can be lowered for the coming years - Possibly inspection by request or· just in problem areas. Thank you. Paul Limbach ***************************************************************************** The latest ABJ (Nov. 86) reported on an article that appeared in the McAllen, Texas Monitor Sunday, August 17, 1986, pp 11 & 128 concerning research on control of the tracheal mite by Dr. Bill W11son9 Preliminary research showed that "Menthol n. a ct"ysta111ne alcohol occurring in mint oil, controlled the mite with results "that are too good to be true". Wilson said that he was amazed with its success.. Fifty grams of methol crystals (ca. 2 oz.) in three days killed 85% of the mites in heavily infested hives. In four weeks all mites were dead. The cost would run about $100/hive which is expensive but is much less than Folbex ($10-$12/hive) and is not approved for use in this country • . Methol on the other hand is a constituent of a natural compound and should not have too much trouble being registered with EPA. let's keep our fingers crossed and perhaps .we can have a control for tracheal mites and also chalkbrood. Editor ***************************************************************************** .,,

LOCAL HAPPENINGS Joaquin Watkins, a beekeeper, was appointed to the Fruita City Council on August 19. Vernon Culhane, a beekeeper of Durango, had a recent write-up in the November issue of Colorado Rancher and Farmer telling a little bit about -6- the honey operation his son now operates. The article was primarily about h1s work with chokecherries for jelly production. ·· Dooley Toyne

[QS. SALE Thirteen excluders, 1 box. Pi-erco frames, 620 frames with combl 21 covers. 20 inner covers, 19 bottom boards, ca 60 supers, 21 feeder caps, 20 div~ board feeders, little Wonder Extractor, Kelly Wax Separator, .capping melter-tank, Ke-lly thermostat. Kelly grocer tank, filter holder (for stocking). Eight hives with bees (hive bodies with honey included above) at ·$30.00 each, uncapping knife, double sieve (2 each), 1 smoker, 1· canvas legging. Due to failing health the above items ·are for sale, preferable as a package. All items are 1n good condition. Contact Ben Romer 12365 O~kland . Street, Henderson, CO, 80460 or call (303) 659-6877. Bee bu.s1ness $2,000.00. Eleven lfve co1on1esp equipment for 14 more hives, 10 frame radial ·extractor, stainless steel sfnk, uncapping knife assorted containers. Contact Bonnie Williams, P.O. Box 642, La Veta, CO. 81055 or call (303) 742-3054. Colorado Bee Notes Robert G~ Simpson, Editor Qepartment of Entomology PERMIT 19 Colorado State University Fort Co ll ·f ns, Co 1or ado 80523 THIRD CLASS ~INM - i.:!I, O ...... l . CCM.OftAH t!TAT11 ~ldtTY IXJtGIMIHT' 8TATION ~y HCTION

DEVOTED TO EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY

MARCH 1987

RATIONAL HONEY BOARD LOCATION

Dool~y Toyne asked me to write a piece about the recent National Honey Board meeting in Longmont, Colorado, I decided to focus on one thing which I feel is of particular interest to Colorado beekeepers. A more detailed account will appear in- the Speedy Bee for those of you who get that publication. First question I have heard asked around is, 11 Why did the National Honey Board locate in longmont?" I was really happy to find t~at it was not because of . skiing or scenery. Colorado was chosen because by locating the office in the area where the manager lives, the board could avoid having to pay a large sum of money to move the manager and his family to anothe.r location. This frugal attitude by the board should be a real plus because we all want to be sure to get the most bang for our buck.

I was pri vi 1eged to sit through. a 11 the presentations and subsequent deliberations as the honey board narrowed the final four choices (from an original 16) to ultimately pick the Evans/Kraft Co. of Seattle, Washington to • handle the advertising account for the honey industry. Believe me, it was a difficult decision to make and I'd give Binford Weaver partial credit for suggesting a very democratic solution. ·He suggested that each member give· a short statement about their top two choices and then they'd see if there was a -2· concensus. Halfway around the 24 person board it was clearly a two horse race .. Then slowly the tide started turning in favor of Evans/Kraft. Ultimately, the vote was 11-1 for Evans/Kraft, or 22-2 if you counted alternate votes. Why they we.re such a clear winner is obvious to me, because I got to hear their presentation. They really comnunicated that they believe in their product" Market analysis aside, that is the #1 quality you want in a salesman. Personally I feel the advertising business is full of· ads which are properly targeted, demographed to death, but don•t sell more product because they dontt reach the customer's emotions. Evans/Kraft took the relatively obscure Kiwi Fruit account in 1981 and catapulted its sales 667$ in 6 years. Production of u.s. kiwi fruit increased 25%/year. · And now Evans/Kt--aft represents honey. We should not expect simi 1ar results because our market is different and the Seattle company clearly r·ecognized that fact as well. However, they set some lofty goals for themselves, namely. to increase consumption to 1/2 pounds Ot"' approximately 501 by the end of two years. Given their enthusiasm for our product and their track record and dedication I think they will succeed. They eminently deserve the chance to try.

Finally, it was downright heartwarming to see people who are locked in business competition set aside thefr differences a.nd work on a co1m1on goal. I refer to the honey board members themselves. All of them set aside time from their fami 1 ies and businesses to serve on the board and we should encourage them at least as much as we criticize. John Haefel i represents Colorado beekeepers on the board. If this project succeeds like we all hope it will,

I'd say we all owe John a debt of sincere thanks. I

By Paul Hendricks, Colorado Beekeeper -3-

COLORADO B-NOTES 11 FUTURE FILEu

News Bulletin-----Washington D.C~, March 19, 1989 Colorado Senator Griego of the Senate Agricultu,re Committee is recommending that price supports for honey be e 1 i mi nated s i nee the "Nation a 1 Honey Boardj' efforts have resulted in an uptut'n in the honey market. Samuel Lewis, President of the Colorado Beekeepers Associ at ion, testified that the dramatic increase in honey sales represented mostly imported honey. He said that much of the Colorado honey crop for the past 2 years remains unsold. News Bulletin-----Longmont, Colorado, January 20, 1991 Farmer Brown notified Joe the Beekeeper that Joe would have to move his Apiary off of Farmer Brown•s land.. It seems that Mr. Brown had just seen the latest T.V. news broadcast about the sensation a 1 arri va 1 of k i 11 er bees in Texas. \Joe's explanation that his bees were of Italian stock and very gentle didn't convi nee Mr.. Brov1n that honey bees were not a grave risk, so Joe had to move his apiary.

News Bulletin-----Denver, Colorado, December 2~ 1995 Jane Atkins, Colorado Bee Inspector, told the Colorado Beekeepers Association at their annua 1 winter meeting that the routine honey bee 1os.s due to pesticide poisoning should be expected. She stated that help in the form of revised statutes was unlikely since the Colorado Honey industry was relatively small and had no real clout in the state legislation. Comment------

Do news reports like these look rediculous? It seens to me that the Colorado Beekeepers Association should initiate a public information and honey promotion program nows and lead the parade, rather than follow along with a shovel. What do you think??

Conment s may be sent to: Guy Lee 741 Castle Road Co 1orado Springs, Colorado 80904

***** ***** *****

The winter has been relatively mild and the bees have gotten a lot of extra flight time. With a11 this activity some beekeepers have had to feed them more than usual. Be sure to check your bees. If stores are 1 i ght or nearly gone feed them sugar water {1: 1 ratio) or move frames of honey from those hives with more than adequate stores. A1 so, remember to medicate your bees up to 30 days before the nector flow. -Editor-

***** ***** *****

When it gets to be your turn, they change the rules. -Sigetad•s Law -4- AMERICAN HONEY PRODUCERS MEETING 11 The American honey Producers held their annual meeting in Corpus Christi, Texas on Jan. 13-17, 1987. The program was excellent.. Among other things, Dr. W.T. Wilson gave a talk on mite control. Dr. Wright from ARS explained a tentative program to make an African Bee barrier in lower Mexico. Equipment used to lower the moisture content of extracted honey was shown by Dadant.

The meeting was held at the Sheraton-Mat"ina Hotel, overlooking Corpus Christi Bay. It was a beautiful view. The weather could h~ve cooperated a little though. Some of those attending from Colorado were Paul Hendricks and Mr. and Mrs. Dooley Toyne. -Dooley Toyne-

NOTES FROM PIKES PEAK BEEKEEPER'S ASSOCIATION I. The Pikes Peak Beekeepers Association voted at their January meeting to affiliate with the Colorado Beekeepers Association. This will be in accordance with guidelines established by the Colorado Beekeepers Association at their December meeting. I I • The Pikes Peak Beekeepers Association is conducting a disease identification workshop on Saturday, June 13l> 1987. Lab techniques used to identify tracheal mites and nosema will be demonstrated as well as the usual methods of recognizing foulbrood and other diseases. Interested Beekeepers should call Guy Lee 634-5188 in Colorado Springs. III9 The Pikes Peak Honey Festival will be held on Wednesday, August 12, 1987 in Acacia park in downtown Co1orado Springs. If any Beekeepers happen to be in the area at that time, stop by and visit. -Guy Lee-

***** ***** *****

PIKES PEAK BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION Colorado Springs, Colorado

President -Bill Roberts V. President - Frank Schmidt Secretary - Erne Hamel Treasurer - Nancy Rieck Membership - Mike Herr Hospitality - Rebecca Long Board - Nary Fielder - Guy Lee - Randy Ott I -5-

QUEEN REARING SIMPLIFIED by Vince Cook, 1986. Published by the British Bee Publications. 45 Queen Street, Geddington, Northhamptonshire, NN141AZ. This publication can be purchased from larry Conner. P.O. Box 817 Cheshire, Connecticut 06410. Sells for $8.95. This book presents the entire process of queen rearing ----- in a clear, succinct manner. Photographs illustrating each. step are excellent. Rearing our own queens could save considerable money and may eventually be necessary or preferred when the african bee invades the southern states. Although I have never attempted to rear queens, I*m planning to try this sunvner. -Editor-

***** ***** *****

In matters of principle, stand like a rock, in matters of taste, swim with the current - -Thoma~ Jefferson-

***** ***** *****

For the third consecutive year Barbara Morris has contributed one of her hand painted bee pictures for the drawing highlight at the Annual Meeting of the Colorado Beekeepers Ass'n. The winner this year was Mr. Miller. This is one drawing that everyone wants to win. We are ever grateful for your generosity Barbara.

***** ***** *****

OFFICERS - COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION President - Bill Morris, Greeley V. President - Guy Lee, Colorado Springs Secretary-Treas. - Hellen Jones, Yuma

***** ***** *****

Too much of a good thing is Wonderful -Mae West- "·

COLORADO BEEKEEP-ING SUPPLIERS: Always Buy ~olorado

1 ) TRE BEEKEEPER CO.

Th~ BEEKEEPER CO. (303-798-0036) carries a complete line of beekeeping supplies for the hobbiest beekeeper--woodwaret clothing, tools, containers, books, ·extracting equ 1pment, etc. · They • 11 be happy to send you a catalog if you call or write to them at 9684 West Sunbeam Avenue• Littleton, Colorado 80125.

2) SUPREME BEE SUPPLY .Jack Hanna purchased some of the equipment of Super Bee. He presently concentrates on wooden ware and some of ·the basic beekeeping equipment. but m~ expand later. Write to Jack Hanna, P.O. Box 673, Hotchkiss, Colorado 81419 or call 872-2240 for a catalog.

3. SKI'S BEEKEEPII& SUPPLIES Ski keeps most 1tems necessary for beekeeping. Drop by or give him a call. Contact Harold Scherbenski, 11046 Isabelle Rd., Lafayette, Colorado 80026, or call 665-5746

***** ***** *****

DON'T FORGET: to order your 1987 Beekeepin~ calendar from Randy Ott, of the Pikes Peak Beekeepers Association, 6535 Re Feather Dr., Colorado Springs, Colorado, 80919. $2.50 + .80' postage. These calendars are cleverly done and remind you of management practices and tips along with honey recipes, honey plants, and general knowledge. All proceeds go to support beekeeper activities at the local and state fair, and beekeeper training sessions. Help them out with their project --- you won't be sorry~ v I I

-7-

NOTES FROM THE AMERICAN BEE FEDERATION Mgl!!f§.:: ~New Orleans, Jan •. 18 .. 22, 19S7. ....

Menthol crystals appear promising as a control for the tracheal mite. Acarapis woodi. Two additional miticides also appear very promi·sing for control of the mite.. Studies in Costa Rica have shown that Africanized bees can survive at higher altitudes then previously thought.. These findings ·suggest that the AHB might exist farther north fn this countr•y than earlier believed. Pre11mina•toY research shows that radar can detect drone congregating areas. Much new data relative to mating will be available from this study. Editor

Those we knew of attending the ABF meeting from Colorado were: Mr. and Mrs. Dan Culhane Mr. and Mrs. John Haefelf Mrs. Patti Haefeli Paul Hendricks Mr. and Mrs. Jim Rice Dr. and Mrs. Bob Simpson Mr. and Mrs. Dooley Toyne Dooley Toyne

***** ***** *****

OFFICERS - NORTHERN COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION President - Richard Johnson V. President - Carl Boone Secr.-Treas. - Scott Waterhouse

***** ***** *****

HONEY BEE T-SHIRTS Members of the Gillette Entomology Club have several drawings that were submitted in a contest for the best des i'gn of honey bees for T-shirts. These designs will be in the June Bee Notes in case the CBA or individuals would like to have their own logos or company names on the shirts. This would be an ideal method to initiate an advertising campaign for the increase of sales and awareness of honey in the state and nation. look for the next issue of Bee Notes. -8-

The Colorado Agricultural Development Authority has now lent over $15 million in low interest loans to Colorado farmers and ranchers. This program, ·administered by the Markets Section, is also available for capital expenditures for food processing. If you're a processor considering building a new facility or expanding your operation and are .looking for financing options, contact Jim Rubingh (866-3561}. Jim Thurman believes this applies to Colorado beekeepers as well.

Four different £rOmotiona1 stickers can be ordered through the Department 11 1 11 "I grew up in Colorado , ' Always Buy Colot~adon, "Fresh Colorado Lamb , and 11 "Colorado Beef , are a11 available for $2 per roll of 1000. These attractive three color stickers have been very effective in selling products that have been grown or processed in the state. One grower found them so effective that he•s putting one on every pumpkin that he's shipping. Contact the Markets Section if you would like a sample or would like to place an order.

The MARKETS NEWSLETTER \'li 11 be printed quarter 1y to inform peop 1e in the agricultural production and processing industry of ongoing and upcoming marketing activities. MARKETS NEWSLETTER

Colorado Department of Agriculture 1525 Sherman Street, Room 406 Denver, Colorado 80203 {303) 866-3561

-Jim Thurman-

LOCAL HAPPENINGS:

Gerald Rose was recognized for 40 years of continuous membership in the American Beekeepers Federation. Dr. Oi ck Nunnamaker was elected President of the Wyoming Beekeepers Association. Mr. and Mrs. Monty Anderson of Crook are parents of a son born November 7, 1986.

Glenn Toyne, son of Mt'. and Mrs. Dooley Toyne, married Sandy Tonga in Minneapolis~ Minn. November 29, 1986. They are living near Sedgwick, Colorado. / Vernon Culhane broke a wrist and his pelvis January 5 and is recovering satisfactorily. I '

-9-

9.§!TIJ!AR I ES

BEN M. KNUTSON, a resident of Carmer District south of Alamosa, d1ed October 28~ 1986, at his home while burning grass and weeds. A retired beekeeper, he was born Nov. 8, 1899, in Cumberland, Wise. In 1943 he married Evelyn Bush, .an Alamosa schoolteacher, who survives at home. He attended Ripon College in Wisconsin and received a B.S. degree 1n physics. Then earned an M.S. degree in physics at the University of Minnesota before working for the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. A hearing problem forced him to move to the San Luis Valley where he started his honey business. Some of his photos of bees were published in the American Bee Journal and the Gleanings in Bee Culture and in bee books. Ben was an elder and former trustee of the Presbyterian Church, member of the Masonic lodge, a fonmer Kiwanian, and active in the Alamosa Senior Citizens. Memorial contributions may be made to the Alamosa Senior Citizens Center.

*****

WILLIAM D. RICE, 72, Greeleys died Tuesday, Dec. 2, at North Colorado Medical Center. He was born Aug. 2, 1914 to LeRoy and Ella (Smart) Rice in Lamar. In 1934, he married Jean Cook in Greeley. Mr. Rice came to Greeley from Lamar in 1924. He attended Colorado State University for one year and was a member of the SAE Fraternity. In 1934~ he joined his father and brother, Harold, in the family business, Rice's lucky Clover and Honey Co., which his father began in 1924. He and his brother continued the family business until 1974, when he sold his share of the business to his son, Jim. Even though Mr. Rice had not been active in the business for several years, often, he went to the office to do a few things right up until he went to the hospital. The bees and the honey business were his whole life. He was proud of what his family had accomplished for over sixty-three y~ars with Rice's Lucky Clover Honey. Contributions may be made to the Heart Fund in care of Macy Allnutt Mortuary. FOR SALE: 100, 8-frame, shallow (5 1/4) supers with 7 frames of drawn comb - fs.oo ea. 120, a... frame comb honey supers .... $1.00 ea. Ambrosia Boney Co., Parachute, Colorado~ Call 625-3382. Blane Colton.

PEACE CORPS OVERSEAS OPPORTUNITIES FOR BEEKEEPERS Apiculture requests include: establishment of hives; disease and pest control; honey extraction, bottling and marketing techniques; a·nd training for fanners and schools. An AS degree in Apiculture or 2 years experience could qualify you. Hobbyist may qualify~ * Medical coverage * Living expenses provided * Paid Vacation * And $4,200 after 2 years US citizens only. Couples accepted. No dependents. No upper age limit. Call: Toll Free {800) 424-8580 Ext. 93 or write: PEACE CORPS P-301, Box 720 Washington, DC 20526

Colorado Bee Notes *""'l'OflT PERMIT.19 ORGAHtlAfiON Robert G. Simpson, Editor · U.I.IQftAGI Department of Entomology PAlO Colorado State University THIRO CLASS , ...... __..c- ...... Fort Collfns, Colorado 80523 DEVOTED TO EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY

JUNE 1987

COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION * .SUMMER MEETIN~ The summer meeting of the Colorado Beekeepers Association is scheduled for Saturday,. June 27, 1987 .. The meeting ~tli11 be held at the Shavano Manor located at 16th and I Street in Salida, Colorado. (just ec1st of the Salida Swirmning Pool Pavi1ion)c It w'i'll begin at 10:00 a.m.. Lunch will be served at a reasonable· price at · noon. There are many ·important items to discuss and decide. Please come in order to vo ·ice your opinion.

***.,~* *****' ***** COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION: Minutes of the 1986 Winter Meetina >('.,

The 1986 w·inter meeting of the CBA was held in Colorado Springs at the Raintree Inn, on December 7th, with 23 members present. The meeting was called to order at 9: 30 by President Bi 11 Morris. The president introduced the officers and new members. Minutes of the 86 Summer meeting were approved as read.

Treasurers report was given, We have $566.65 in Checking and 350.3~ in savings .. OLD BUSINESS:

The first item of o1d business was the Bee Law. .Jim Rickey was not present to give his committee report, therefore, .the Bee Law was transferred to new business. Farm tags for beekeepers was discussed. Paul Hendricks will write a resolution to be voted on later in the n~eting.

The ,Observation Hive was tab 1ed unt i 1 we get a report from Stewart Jackson.

The. ETO Chamber was discussed. Jim Thurman suggested before we jJUt any more money into it, we need to check to see if it is legal to use it now under the new Bee law.. Jim will check on this report at the summer meeting. -2- NEW BUSINESS : Paul Hendricks presented his resolution for license fee for beekeepers. Paul Hendricks moved the CBA adopt this resolution. Roy Rakish seconded the motion. Motion carried.

Resolution for License Fee

The Co 1or ado Beekeepers Association supports a change in the Col ora do revised statutes to wit: A change in the motor vehicle licensing law to permit a producer of honey to acquire farm plates, irrespective of his address, if his yearly production is 6,000 pounds a year or if 60% of his income is derived from agriculture. He/she must file an affidavit with his application for farm plates stating income from honey or proof of production. SPECIAL GROUP REPORTS Honey Promotions: Objectives 1. Continue funding of State Fair. ($1000)

It was decided to set up a special fund for honey promotions, conmer~cial beekeepers wou 1d be asked to support most of their funding as they would benefit most from honey sales. 2. Try to get National Honey Queen or Princess for 2 days of State Fair. 3. Provide a member to Always Buy Colorado board. Randy Ott volunteered for this position. 4. Work on a honey logo. Anyone having ideas for this logo send them to Guy Lee. Bee Law Changes: Danny Culhane 1. To decrease fee schedules. Recommendation . is to have an advisory board meeting and see if we can•t get the fee schedule put back to what was recOJMlended by the advisory board a year ago last October. 2.. Se 1f enforcement, need to· get everyone paying the 1i cense fee and registering. 3. Preventing Colorado from becoming a dumping ground for out of state bees. Disease Control: Leonard Blake Committee feels hobbiests are the major problem with disease control. Solution suggestion is to have disease identification mainly a function of CBA~ Notification of a problem by a hobbiest will be made to a county extension agent who wi 11 have a resource person on file provided by the CBA. The CBA resource person will inspect the hives and advise the beekeepers and report to the county extension agent. The county extension agent will report results to the state bee inspector for action, if required. The committee has agreed to -3- write a letter to 75 county extension agents and explain this to them. They will put in every issue of Bee Notes how to Control foul brood. After receiving responses from agents committees will send out news releases to newspapers. John Haefe l i , Bi 11 Morris, Vernon Da 1gran, Bi 11 Baub lets, Pau 1 Lenbach, Rober Wadleigh, Bob Simpson, and Tom Jones volunteered to have their names submitted to the extension agents as resource persons. Propos a 1 that officers be voted on every other year, starting this year. Agreed upon. Nominating committee of 4 members from 4 parts of the state to be set up at the summer meeting before year of elections with at least 2 people running for president. Gerald Rose and John Haefeli were honored for their many years of service and contributions to the Colorado Beekeepers Association. Meeting Adjourned. ***** ***** ***** COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION - COLORADO STATE FAIR IN PUEBLO

The CBA will participate in the Colorado State Fair again this year. The Bee Cage and other educational items will be used. The 11 day period will be divided into 1 and 2 day increments and allocated to participating Beekeepers. Saturday, August 29 has been designated as Colorado Honey Day and the Colorado Honey Queen will be in attendance. Participants will be encouraged to bring and sell their own honey. Guy Lee will be coordinating. Anyone wishing to participate please call 634-5188. Guy Lee ***** ***** ***** INTERESTING BEAR FACTS Bears are becoming more abundant as laws protect them and hunters like to see them propagate so that they have something to shoot at. But bears and beekeeping just don't mix. Bears love honey and honeybee brood in all stages. Bees are at a loss to defend themselves against the tough hide and fur of the bear. Below are listed suggestions that will help discourage the bear: Heavy woven fences are effective, electric tenses help some. Clean up area, removing garbage, carrion and other food sources. Blaring music, bright night-lights and barking dogs are effective. Culvert live traps No. 5,6sl5, or 150 Newhouse legho1d traps .. Herter's Hudson Bay bear traps are good. Bears lured a.nd cornered within range can be shot with firearms of .. 243 or larger calibers. Black bears are the smallest of the American bear. The color varies from b1 ack in the eastern part of the continent to· b1 ack -brown the further west you I go. They weigh from 100 to 400 pounds. They like heavy forested areas, large ( swamps, mountains, and mixed hardwood forests. They are omnivorous, eating plants, grasses, wood fibre, berries, nutss tubers, 1nsects, small mammals, eggs, carrion, and garbage. They hunt food both day and night. In the north -4- Bear Facts (continued) they hibernate during the winter. Large bears will ki11 and eat smaller bears . Mother bears have to defend their young from being ate by their fathers. They damage sweet corn fie 1ds, camper.' s food, inside cabins, a pi aries, and sheep· are one of their favorite prey.. They k i 11 and marne just for the fun of it. They also eat fruit from orchards. They are unpredictable and do not hesitate to kill even humans if they feel that their young are threatened .. States that protect bear pay for damages caused by them. NJ. Beekeepers Assn. & the Bee Buzzer

***** ***** *****

CANTALOUPE SHERBET 1 1/2 cups water l/2 cup honey 3 cups fresh cantaloupe pulp and juice Mix water and honey thoroughly. Add cantaloupe and blend. Put into freezer tray and freeze. Makes 4 servings. by Caring Family Dentistry

WAX MOTH CONTROL A strong colony with a large population of young housekeeping bees is the best defense against wax moth. In colorado, the wax moth is prevalent from July until cold weather. If supers or brood chambers are off the hive you must fumigate with paradichlorobenzene moth crystals (not naptha1ene) before placing them back on. To fumigate, stack equipment as on a hive, seal up all air holes and put the stack on a flat surface. Put a piece of notebook paper over the top frames to ho 1d the fumigant on the stack. Put a sheet of plastic over the fumigant and cover the entire stack with a flat board or telescoping cover. Sea 1 side cracks between the supers with tape. Two tab 1espoons of paradichlorobenzene will fumigate eight supers or four hive bodies. Check the stack periodically to see if any damage has occurred and to see if the fumigant has disintegrated. Always air the fumigated equipment 24 hours before placing it on the bees. Weak colonies may be dusted with Bacillus thuringiensis {Certan) over the top of the frames. Give weak colonies a new queen at the first opportunities.

Mostly from useekeeping Tips for Beginners~~ Univ. Mo., Columbia- Extension Service -5- AMERICAN & EUROPEAN FOULBROOD How to Mix and Use Medications for Prevention of Diseases TERRAMYCIN SOLUBLE POWDER {TSP) OF TM 25 It is reco01Tlemded to medicate with terramycin in the spring and fall. Treatments should be 5-7 days apart. Spring - 3 times~ stopping treatment 3 weeks prior to the addition of the first surplus honey super. Fall - 2 times, after removing surplus honey. * For treating one colony, mix 1 teaspoon of TSP with 5 teaspoons of powdered sugar. * 1 - 6.4 oz. packet of TSP = 48 teaspoons (1 cup) * Mix 1 cup of TSP with 5 cups of powdered sugar. * The combined mixture of 6 cups = 96 TABLESPOONS of medication. *To provide each colony with the suggested 200 mg •• feed each one 2 level tablespoons of the mixture. Spread along on the top bars near the ends of the hive. Facts abo·ut TSP in 6.4 oz. packets

(1) Terramycin is rated by the pound. (2) 1 - 6.4 oz. packet of TSP = 10 grams of terramycin. ( 3) 10 grams x 2 1/2 packets of TSP = 25 grams of terramycin.

(4) 2 l/2 packets of TSP (6.4 oz.) = 1 lb. (5) TSP is 25 gram strength of terramycin. TERRAMYCIN 50 * Mix 1 cup of TM 50 with 10 cups of powdered sugar. * The combined mixture of 11 cups = 176 TABLESPOONS of medication. *To provide each colony with suggested 200 mg., feed each one 2 level tablespoons of the mixture. Spread along the top bars near the ends of tfie fiive. ANTIBIOTIC EXTENDER PATTIES . Antibiotic extender patties are a means of feeding bees terramycin for prevention and control of America.n and European Foulbrood. They are a method of administering the antibiotic which lasts longer than feeding terramycin in dust. To make the patties, mix the terramycin thoroughly with the granulated sugar. Then add the Crisco (do not use animal fat) and kneed to blend until evenly mixed. Make into half-pound patties. (Do not melt shortening, the heat wi 11 damage the terramycin.) P1 ace patt fes· on a sheet of wax paper directly over the cluster. -6- Antibiotic Extender Patties (continued) If the bees have brood in two brood chambers, p1 ace the patties between the two brood chambers. If they have brood in only one chamber t p1 ace that chamber on the bottom with . the patty above the cluster and the empty box on the top. Use one patty in the spring and another in the fall, after removing the surplus honey .. Four formulas for making antibiotic extender patties are described. Use the one most suitable for the number of patties you wish to make. All can be increased if the ingredients are kept in the same proportion.

2 PATTIES 6 PATTIES l/3 lb. Crisco 1 lb. Crisco 1 lb. Crisco 2/3 lb. granulated sugar 2 lb. granulated sugar 1 Tablespoon TM-50 or TM-25 3 Tablespoons TM-50 or or 2 Tablespoons TSP or TM-25 6 Tablespoons TSP or TM-25

20 PATTIES 100 PATTIES 3 lb. Crisco 16 lb .. Crisco 6 lb. granulated sugar 32 lb. granulated sugar 6.4 oz. TSP or TM-25 (1 pkg.) 2 lb. TSP or TM-25 or 1 lb. TM-50

From Oraper 1 S Super Bee ***** ***** ***** FOR SALE Forty colonies of bees for sale. Includes 2 deep brood supers and 1 honey super, $60.00 each. Interested parties should call Dave Hartman (303} 493-2388 in Fort Collins. *** Stainless steel honey tank (300 lbs.) with gate. Dadant stainless steel mini-melter for cappings, 110 volt. Both items in excellent condition. Call the Beekeeper Co .. in littleton, Co (303) 798-0036 or R.G. Simpson in Fort Collins, CO {303) 484-1206 *** · 100 8 fr. shallow supers (5 1/4) with 7 frames of drawn comb - $5.00 ea. - 130 8 frame comb honey supers $1.00 ea. - 30 frame radial extractor $250.00 - vibratory uncapping knife with stovetop boiler $150.00 - cappings spinner $250.00 - 2 honey pumps $100.00 each - 50 gallon bottling tank $100.00 - 100 gallon bulk tank $100.00 - dadent 5 gallon steam boiler with gas burner $75.00. Ambrosia Honey Co., Parachute CO. -Call 625-3382. Blane Colton. Be sure to check your hives for adequate food reserves. This is especially important between the early bloom of fruit trees, shrubs and flowers and the true nectar flow which starts about mid-June in the Fort Collins area; earlier in the southern portions of the state. I have some medium honey supers at some yards that are about 3/4 ful1 - perhaps the '87 crop will be as good as the '86 crop. ***** ***** ***** BEEKEEPING IN VIRGINIA Early Hi story

General George Washington kept bees at Mount Vernon. On one occasion his storekeeper charged out 300 nails to the carpetnter for use in building a bee house. The documentation of the Mount Vernon bee house is drawn from a record book kept by the storekeeper. The entry reads as follows:

"1787 De1d out of Store

July 28 300 80 Do {Nails) to Mathew for to rMke a bee house.

30 200 brads to Mathew for the bee house'."

The restored she 1ter in the Kitchen Garden still accommodates several colonies of bees. Honeybees, however, were brought into Virginia a long time before· George Washington was born. Volume III of Susan Kingsbury, ed., 11 The Records of the Vi rgi ni a Company of London" Library of Congress, 1933, page 532, states: "The Counci 1 of the Vi rgi ni a Company of london wrote a 1etter to the Governor and council in Virginia dated December 5, 1621, in which they said uwe haue by this Shipp and the Oi scoueri e sent you di urs sorts of seeds, and fruit trees, as also Pidgeons, Connies, Peacocks, Maistiues, and Beehives ••• ". From that we may conclude that bees were imported into Vi rgi ni a from England at least as early as 1621. 11 J.M. Amos Extension Specialist~ Entomology ***** ***** ***** Let • s hear some news from you beekeepers out in the state -- something like births, marriages, prospects of the '87 crop, hot fishing and hunting tips, gripes or whatever.

/ ( SIZE

1""'"--- -- .------·--- ..... - !----- ~

Design · S . ~1 1 L XL ---- - ~ --..--- - ~ ------.----- A. mellifera Blue 50/50

.. ·-- - ·. ------·-- ~ ---- _--- I ---- ; A. mellifera t Blue 1 00% ------·--- ~- ·--- ·-·-----_;_- ·- -- _;_----....;, A. mellifera

) :; Gold 50/50 ' ' •. ! { t ~ _.,------_.---- ·-- .._.,.....--- - =------~ ------~ ----- eooor A. mellifer

Gold 100% l l i ---- - !--- -·-- -- ~ ----- Bee/flower !

Sand 50/50 i ------~-----~---- Bee/flower t

Sand 100% . I -----~-----~----~ Bee/flower ! ~ r--ush ia 50/50 -----~-----L---- Bee/flower

'' '' Fushia 100% I ! -----!--; -- - ~. "EXAMPLE" f3\ -- -G) - ! - \..?_/ ---- - ~-----~------

II of. 50/50 --.--- X $ /shir·t = ·------II of 1 00% X $---/shirt = -~-- If of Colo. Bee. x$.25/shirt = ------ff of Let it bee X $.25/shirt - ---- Shipping cost = ------TOTAL = --.. - t-1ake checks payable to "Gillette Ento­ mology Club" MAIL TO: NAME

ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP Black ink on light blue or gold T-shirt.

LET IT BEE GILLETTE ENTOMOLOGY CLUB Dept. of Entomology Colorado State Univ. Ft. Collins, CO 80523 (303) 491-7860 We are a non-profit organization. T-shirt Prices($):

II shirts 50/50 100%

.. ··· Ap is mel! 1 fer a 1 -5 8.00 8.50 6-13 7.50 8.00 14-23 6.75 7.25 PROTECT OUR 24+ 6.00 6.50 POLLINATORS

"LET IT BEE/PROTECT OUR POLLINATORS" is optional.

Black _ink on sand or fushia T-shirt.

SHIPPING:$.75 for the first shirt, $.25 per shirt for each additional shirt up to a $4.00 maximum. Please allow 4-8 weeks delivery. If you would like "COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIOTION" ~rinted on shirts please underline the number of shirts; indicate "LET IT BEE/PROTECT OUR ~O~LINATORS" option by circling the number of shirts (see "example"). Please add $.25/shirt for each additional lettering option.

I COLORADO BEE~EEPERS ( ASSOCIATION

"COLORADO BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION" is optional. . '

£ZS08 opi~010l 'SU~(lOl lJOJ ~~JSJaA£Ufl &lV+S OpiJOlOJ 'ssv15 'o\J I Hi A60!0W04U] JO ~UvW1~Vd3Q 6t .JJWH3d .Jo:; ~Pl 'uosdw~s .•9 :t.JaqoH salON aaa opeJcto~

merican d ssociation Promoting the Renaissance of Mead Quarterly Ne-vvsletter - The Ameriaut Meadtnaker Ir------, 0 Subscriptions $8.00 per year $_____ I • Includes interviews with meadxnakers I · I • Homewinemaking tips ~ 0 Back Issues $200 each $ ~ • Honey information I 0 Donation $ I • History and rnore... I I $8.00 per year I Total Enclosed cr I I . ~ I ($1200

h------~Return to: Azoorican Mead Association 5236 Fry Roa.d ostrander, Ohio 43061 •

COI.ON-"00 ~TAT& UMI\IIft.ITY P~KRIM&NT .TAT:ON llNTOMObCOY 811tC:T.OH

DEVOTED TO EDUCATION ANO RESEARCH FOR 'l''HE COLORADO BEE INOUS.TRY DECEMBER 1987 WINTER MEETING - COLORADO BEEKEE!!._RS ASSOCIATION The Colorado Beekeepers Association will hold its winter meeting in Glenwood Springs, Colorado on Saturday (9am - 5pm) and Sunday (8am - llam) December 5th and 6th 1987. A review of the status of the Honeybee mites, the Afri canized bee, honey promotion, and hive management techniques wi11 be included in the program. Guest speakers will include Mary Humann of the National Honey Boarde All Beekeepers are welcome to attend~ ·

LODGING Hotel G1 enwood Friday, December 5th and Saturday, December 6th .. $32.00 double occupancy each night (plus tax). Call toll free 1-800-332-1472 and ask for a Beekeepers Reservation9 Reservation deadline is Sunday, November 15. 1987.

FOOD For o~r convenience a Saturday noon and evening Beekeepers meal has been sc~eduled.. Saturday noon Soup & Salad Buffet is $7 .. 30 per person, children $4.80 .. · Saturday evening Chicken !fried Steak Dinner $8.45 per person, children full price. Tax and gratuities are included in the mea1 price~ These will be prepaid meals. Send names and check or money order to: HELEN JONES 605 N.. COLUMBUS YUMA, CO 80759o Meal reservations deadline Sunday It November 15. 1987. TRANSPORTATION Jim Thurman has blocked off 30 seats on the train from Denver to Glenwood Springs. leaving Denver Friday, December 4th at 8:50 am and ~ returning to Denver on Sunday, December 6th, art'iving at 8:25 pm. Cost . is $63.00 per person round trip. Children unde.r 12 half price. Seating is limited. Reservation deadline is Sundayi November 15. Call Jim at 1-866-2825 (w) ·or 798-0820 (H) .. Address 1s 3120 E. Caley Ave. Littleton~ CO 80120. Questions? CalJ Guy Lee at 1-634-5188.

HAVE YOU HEARD?

A man had been shopping around for a church home when he stopped in one church just in time to hear the pastor .say, "We have left undone those things which we ought to have done and we have done those things which we ought not to have done." The man dropped into a pew and sighed with relief$ "I've found my crowd· at last ... The Bee Buzzer NOTICE

Do we have any Colorado Beekeepers that are computer buffs? We ~\iou1d like to computerize the Colorado Beekeepers As soci.ation. membership l ist with the ability to update and print out on a quarterly basis. If you can help, contact ' Guy Lee at 634-5188. · · '

------~------LOOKING FOR A' UNIQUE IDEA FOR YOUR BEESWAX? . MAKE ORNAMENTS!

Bavarian wax art is a centuries-old art form with a tradit·ron. throughout the wood carving areas of Germany .c.nd Austria. .. ' This unique wax at~ t developed with. individual families hand~carv . ing fruit\\!Ood molds.. They \'/Ou1d then· use these molds and thei~ b~eswax to make beautiful and lasting decorative wall hangings and Christmas ornaments which became popu·lar gifts among friends and relatives. Each i'tem could be traced to a certain family~ During World War· II, the art was lost as beeswax was needed for munitions plants. Today the art is being revived using .rubber, plastic, ·and ceramic molds. They make unique .gifts and most take very little. wax. · They can be left p1ains painted Ol" highlighted with . metallic rubs·. Molds can· be obtained from: THE BEEKEEPER CO. at 9684 W. ·Sunbeam Ave. Littleton, CO. . 80125. . ·· ·

. . COLORADO HONEY· IN TIBET? ; .. ..: . .l:·

Colorado hon..ey in ·Tibet? . You bet! liz Nfcho1~ a member of the American 1987 . Mount Everest North Face Climbing Expeditiori is a Colorado S~rtngs beekeeper as well as .an experienced mountain climber. She "tP-Jas assigned the job of assembling ~~e ~ food for the expedition.

One of the food items Liz chose was 60 1bs of Colorado Honey (donated by the Pikes Peak 'Beekeepit1g Association)~ The honey was packed in 5 lb buckets, allowed to granulate and, and along with the other food itemst packed in waxed boxes. Two tons of food was thus assembled and transported as follows: by truck from Colorado Springs to Seattles WA; by freighter to' ·a port in China; by;. truck to Lhasa, Tibet and thence by pack Yaks to the advance base camp at 19,000 feet on the slopes of Evereste A communique from liz states .,everyone loves the honey ... The team expects to be off the mountain by 1 November and on ­ their way home thereafter.

AMERICAN HONEY PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION The 19th annual convention of the American Honey Producers Association will be held in Albuquerque, NM from January 6-lOt 1988 at the Albuquerque Hilton.

MORE ON THE VARROA MITE The varroa mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans has been detected in Pennsylvania (Clinton County), Florida (8 locations in three counties - Orange, Lake, and Polk), Wiscoh~in (no particula~s)~ Illinois (at Springfield}, Ohio (Paulding and Ashtabula Counties). "The va rroa m·i te ·i s found thr~c:;,u~}hC;lrt A::d ali EtH"ti~e and parts of South Amet"i ca. Although visible to the trained eye', mite populations, mus,t reach a fairly ·substantial level in orde:r to be readi '1y detected., The parasite feeds on the blood or hemolymph of a11 stages of bees~ 1arvaei pupae and adults, eventually causing high bee mortality and weakening of co1onies. PPW, NAPIS, Quincy, FL

------~------~- In accordance with the International Five-year colotn· code for marking queens, the code is: year ending 0 Q\A 5: blue 1 or 6: white (grey) 2 or 7: yellow 3 ot.. 8: red 4- or 9: green

DO BEES SLEEP?

Wo Kaiser in a study of honeybees in an observation hive on warm summer nights, ~ound that· many bees remained motionless at the edges of the comb, on the walls or on the glass window of the hive, with their antennae in characteristic positions. Most of the bees that \\'ere rest·ing fonned tight clusters, others rested . in empty cells. However, bees on brood combs remained active at night, and Kaiser assumed · that the is1eepers 8 were mainly forager bees. Bees which rested on the hive' floor showed an apparent decrease of musc1 e tonus (a state of persistent partial contraction); the tip of their abdomens rested on the substrate, and the.ir thoraxes were lowered. Bees also lay on their sidese

Bee ~lorl d

Experience is not making the .same mistake too many times. Australian Beekeeper

WHY BEES EAT POLLEN

Studies by- Or •. Justin Schmidt (USDA Carl Hayden Bee Lab in Tucson) showed that there are a "variety of compoundsu in pollen that stimulat~ · bees to feed on it {phagostimulants). Bees don't eat pollen because it is nutritious; they eat it since. certain mater.ials in the pollen stimulate them to do so .. Roger D. Morse - Gleanings

A BRIGHT SUNNY DAY IN WINTER I "Now and again we· get a bright sunny day in winter, the bees start to fly and our thoughts go to donning a v~il and having a quick check to see how they ·are overwintering. ·

The best advice is DON'T.

. I At the . V.A.A. conference Graham Kleinschmidt · adda"essed the audience on the subject of Nosema which is a protozoan disease of bees. Abnormal manipulation ·of bee hives in cold weather can be the trigger to get spo·re counts soaring and in the end bring about the decline of the hive as a honey producing unit for the next seasone" Australian Beekeeper A TRUE BUSHMAN I •ve been a free· man as I travel this 1ai'ld. Never worried by power or fame. Had no money to save, but I don • t want a grave· erected wi t.h concrete or name. · But just let me be where Wild animals di·e in the scrub with the mulch on the floors~ When the eagle hawks fly with the remains through the sky you'11 know then I've lived for a cause. Then 1et my bees go wher·e the Stringy Bark grows in the ranges overlooking the west. And then as they fly past where my bones lie you ·will know then I am really at rest.

K. Shepard :- Ca~alaba The Australian Beekeeper

President Bill Morris, Greeley Vice President Guy Lee, Col ora do Springs Secretar~/Treasurer Hellen Jones, Yuma

Colorado· Bee Notes Robert G. Simpson, Editor IOIIPROFIT · oepartmen~ of Entomology . , ; ORGAIU ZA T I ON · Colorado State University U.S. POSTAGE PAID Fort Collins, CO 80523 PERMIT 19 Fort Collins. Colorado· 80523 Pena1t lhlllber 19 THIRD ClASS .

I ( COLORADO .TAT~ UNIV~ReiTY EXPERIMENT STATION ENTOMOLOGY SECTION

DEVOTED TO EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FOR THE COLORADO BEE INDUSTRY SEPTEMBER 1988 COLORADO WYOMING JOINT MEETING The Colorado and Wyoming Beekeepers will conduct a joint meeting of their association members on 3 & 4 December at the Holiday Inn at I-25 in Fort Collins. A joint meeting Saturday will include Dr. Eric Erickson of the Tucson Bee Lab and Dr. Bill Wilson of the Texas ·Bee Lab as guest speakers. A banquet will be held Saturday evening. A honey bee disease display and conmercial exhibits will be included. Separate business meetings of the two associations \'Jill be conducted Sunday 4 December. All Beekeepers are invited to attend. Questions may be addressed to Guy Lee of Colorado Springs, tel. (719) 634-5188. Additional information will be provided at a later date.

First diner (reaching for yet another roll): 11 I really must start watching my waistline. 11

Second diner: •How fortunate it•s right out there where you can! •

The National Honey Board has designated the month of September as National Honey Nonth.

Cool mornings now are giving us fair warning that winter is approaching. This being the case don•t forget to medicate each hive with terramycin for American and European foul brood. Fo 11 0~1 the advice of your dentist who says, 11 Ignore 11 your teeth and they•11 go away • The same advice can be applied to the bees in your hive.

I -Editor .,I 2 WEATHER PREDICTIONS - COLORADO 1989 The Farmers Almanac Forecast for the spring and sulllller of 1989 predicts: Eastern SloQe Western SloQe

Apri 1 Near normal ppt. and temp. Near normal ppt.; near or slightly below temperatures. May Near normal ppt. and temp. Slightly above normal ppt.; slightly below normal temp. June Near norma 1 ppt. and temp. Near normal ppt.; near to above normal temp.

~ Near normal ppt. and temp. Below normal ppt.; above normal temp. August Near normal ppt. and temp. About normal ppt.; near to slightly above normal temp.

The average date of killing frost for DENVER, CO is 14 October and for PUEBLO, CO 12 October.

Check the 9 May issue of the New Yorker magazine to read an interesting article on beekeeping by Sue Hubbell. A shorter version of this account of beekeeping was presented on TV in the spring.

One player's mother was trying to cheer up the Little League coach after his team's disastrous season. 11 At least you've taught the boys sportsmanship," she comforted. "They're certainly good losers ...

11 Good? 11 howled the miserable coach. "Lady, they're perfect!"

YALUE . OF HONEY BEES TO COLORADO The purpose of this report is to lay the foundation for the value of honey bees as accurately as possible. The role played by honey bees in the value of agriculture in the State of Colorado probably is much greater than most people realize. It should be understood that the figures used in the annual reporting services will change from year to year resulting from weather, economic siuations and acreages of various crops. In some instances actual figures are not available 3 and the best estimates to obtain values are utilized. For instance, statistics listing the number of beekeepers show only those individuals with five or more colonies of bees. We know from past experience that hobby beekeepers with two or three hives form the bulk of at least 1000 beekeepers in Colorado. However, there are 65 individual operations of significant commercial proportions (200 or more colonies) producing most of the honey and beeswax. There are some migratory beekeepers that bring several hundred or more colonies into the state for the growing season. Pollination values and honey yields from these colonies are unavailable for statistical records. Increased yields and greater income can be definitely measured in terms of better fruit-set, improved quality of fruit, fiber and seed. Wildlife are heavily dependent upon plants for food and shelter, many of which require insects for pollination. A report by Dr. M.D. Levin shows that a 10% value is a very conservative estimate of the value of bees in the production of feed.

Table 1. Estimated Value of Honey Bees for Agricultural Pollination in Colorado.! Data Percent Value of Value of Crop2 year increase crop bees Apples 1985 Total yield $10 '504 ,000 $10,504 ,000 Peaches 1986 Total yield 2,077 ,000 2,077.000 Cherries-tartl986 Total yield 359,000 359,000 Pears 1985 Total yield 1,294,000 1,294,000 Misc. fruit 1984 Total yield 564,000 564,000 Cantaloupe 1981 Total yield 1,685,000 1,685,000 Tomatoes 1985 20% 1,230,000 246,000 Onions 1986 Total yield 48,750 ,000 48,750,000 Cucumbers 1986 Total yield 2,022,000 2,022,000

Total 67,501,000 1 Procedure used by 1986 paper reporting on the Value of Honey Bees to Mississippi.

2 Data obtai ned from Co 1ora do Agri cu 1tura 1 Stat_i st i cs, 1981 to 1984. 4

The above is a copy of the new Honey Bee Stamp that we issued in Omaha on 2 September. It will be issued as a 25 cent stamp in 100 stamp coils.

The states that have reported varroa finds include Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Anybody who thinks there's plenty of room at the top has a lot to learn about pyramids.

Bees and Beekeeping Roger A. Morse ··.-\n excellent overview of the art of Anatomy of the Honey Bee beekeeping ... !covering] elementary R. E. Snodgrass biology. communication and social control. and colony and apiary man~lge­ .. As a world authority on insect anatt'my. rnent." -Amt•rican Associarion jiJr 1he Snodgrass has given us ... a brilliant Ach'cmn•mt'llf ofScience Bulh•rin account of the anatomy of the honey bee Cloth OHX-l -9 S9.t)5 :r~o pp .. 65 black-and­ and how it relates to the way that bees white illustrations. A Comsrock Book develop. and how and why they function as they do in their interesting communal life .. .. Delightfully written ... enjoyable reading." -American Bee Journal September is when millions of shin­ Cloth 0400-2 539.95 Paper 9302-1 S 12 .1.)5 ing, happy faces turn toward school. 352 pp .. 105 black-and-white illustrations They belong to mothers. • A Comstock Book Tiny chip will track 5 killer bees By The Associated Press COLORADO SPRINGS - Three Martin researchers Whlle Martin Marietta Corp. is started working on a bee defense building a "Star Wars" test cen­ in their spare time two years ter in Colorado Springs, its engi­ ago. neers in Tennessee are applying "We first tried putting tiny their hlgh-tech skills in a battle radio transmitters on their against killer bees. backs, but the antennae kept get­ Th~ company has designed a ting tangled 1n their wings," tiny silicon chip to track the engineer Kelly Falter said. movement of hybrid bees that The solution was to design a researchers say could attack the chip hal! the size of a fingernail United States as early as next that uses laser diodes to emit a year. signal. The incoming targets, whlch have killed people and animals, "It's no he a vier than a good are buzzing up from Brazil at a load of pollen," Falter said. The rate of 200 miles to 300 miles per chip is attached to the bees with year. organic glue. Tests have been carried out on Martin engineers at the Oak European drones. Ridge National Laboratory in Researchers hope to learn Tennessee hope to in!iltrate the more about the bees' mating and bee forces by planting solar­ foraging habits by tracking their powered backpacks on captured movement. Such data will be bees and then sending them back used to control their movement to their comrades. without kllling them with large Silicon chips concealed in the quantities of pesticides. packs will transmit in!rared sig­ nals that can be picked up a mile Martin has invested $100,000 in away. the bee study 1n the hope that the Hundreds of thousands of the technology eventually might be bees, known for their aggressive­ used in other defense applica­ ness, are moving across Mexico tions. toward -r.exas, experts say. Their The Colorado "Star Wars" test flight north originated in the center is being built in Colorado accidental release of African Springs. The center will be used queen bees from a laboratory in to simulate defenses against Brazil in 1957. Soviet missiles.

Honeybees and Wax Contents: Introduction • The Nature and An Experimental Natural History Production of Beeswax • The Origin of Beeswax: By: Howard R. Hepburn, University of An Hiscorical Perspective • Source of Secretion • Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Rise and Fall of the Epithelium • Composition and This book is concerned with the relation­ Synthesis of Beeswax • Food Conversion Ratios in ships between honeybees and beeswax as a bio­ the Production of Beeswax • The Manipulation of logical phenomena. It provides a comprehensive Wax by Honeybees • Manipulation of \'V'ax Scales treatment of all the literature from ancient to mod­ • Metamorphosis of Wax • The Construction of ern. pertaining to this subject. The material is pre­ Cells • The Construction of Combs • Stimuli for sented in three sections: the nature and production Production and Manipulation of Wax • The of beeswax; the manipulation of wax by honeybees; Nectar Flow • Pollen and \'V'ax Production • The and stimuli for production and manipulation of wax. Brood Nest • The Queen • Space and Density • The reader will heneflt from both chis in-depth Subject Index review and the comprehensive bibliography rhat 1986/2 50 pp.:82 illus./Hardcover $59.00 accompanies the text. ISBN 0-387-16918-0 Pheromones of Social Bees The Archaeology of 6 John B. Free Beekeeping "The book is outstanding. It will be a Eva Crane leader in the field for a great numbe:r of years." -Roger A. Morse. Depanment of " Reading thi:-. hook has hel'n one of the Entomology. Cornell University lllllrt• tklightful dlOrl'S f"ve donl.' in ~Onll' timl'. Thl.'rl' ts no tllhcr puhli~hl'd worJ... liJ...e Pheromones are chemical substances it in English. and I douht that an vthine l'lse generated by bees and other animals as sex in any other langu;tgt· i' at aiiL·i;lse. " ':_ attractants. alarm signals. trai I markers, Rogl'r A. !\fm,e. Profe s ~or of :\pirullllrt•. and regulatory agents. Because of the Cornell L : ni\'er~ity economic imponarace and intrinsic interest of social bees. their pheromones have been "This i~ the fir't hook to nplme tht' rll' h among the most studied. This book. the and fascinating heritage of hceJ...eeping first comprehensive volume on the subject. arrhaenlogy. The tl'Xt is lavi-.hh· illu~trated summarizes research on bee phero­ with pictures ranging from lllt' S~llithir rtiCk mones-mostly those of honeybees­ paintinp and SCl'lll'" in Egyptian tumh:-.. to focusing on work done at Rothamsted photograph~ of hcl'kt·eping opcr;ttitlll\ Experimental Station in England. a leading taken in the last century." center for hee study. - Rcckt·cp£'rs· /\'ott'S Cloth 2004-0 S2lJ.95 192 pp .. 35 bla(·k­ Cloth 1(109-4 SJ9.50 .120 pp .. 100 black­ and-v..hite illustrations. 2X line drawings. and-white illustration:-. r\ ComJtod. Book r\ Comstock Book

FOR SALE: Tom Theobald, Niwot, CO has two extractors for sale. Excellent for the small hobbyist.

Colorado Bee Notes Robert G. Simpson, Editor MOMPROFIT Department of Entomology ORGANIZATIOM Colorado State University U.S. POSTAGE PAID Fort Collins, CO 80523 PERMIT 19 Fort Collins. Colorado 80523 Penn1 t Humber 19 THIRD CLASS

· TOM JONES 605 NORTH COLUMBUS YUMA, CO 80759