Cpac Draft 9-30-13

Lāna`i Community Plan Update

Community Plan Advisory Committee FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 DRAFT PLAN UPDATE

Long Range Planning Planning Department County of Maui Lāna`i Community Plan

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LĀNA`I COMMUNITY PLAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE Reynold - (Butch) Gima, Chair Stanley Ruidas, Vice Chair Jarrod Barfield Jeofrey Baltero Christine Costales Alberta DeJetley Deborah de la Cruz Joseph Felipe Caron Green Charles Kaukeano Ernest Magaoay Matthew Mano Ron McOmber

Special thanks to the citizens of Lāna`i who participated in the community plan meetings and workshops; Pulama Lāna`i and their consultants who attended every Community Plan Advisory Committee meeting; and Kepā Maly for his extensive help with the history section.

COUNTY OF MAUI OFFICE OF THE MAYOR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING Alan Arakawa, Mayor William Spence, Planning Director Keith Regan, Managing Director Michele McLean, Deputy Planning Director

MAUI COUNTY COUNCIL LĀNA`I PLANNING COMMISSION Danny A. Mateo, Chair John Ornellas, Chair Joseph Pontanilla, Vice Chair Stacie Koanui Nefalar, Vice Chair Gladys Coelho Baisa Shelly Barfield Robert Carroll Joelle Aoki Elle Cochran Priscilla Felipe Donald G. Couch, Jr. Stuart Marlowe G. Riki Hokama Bradford Oshiro Michael P. Victorino Kelli Gima Mike White Beverly Zigmond

LONG RANGE DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING John F. Summers, Planning Program Administrator Daniel McNulty-Huffman, GIS Supervisor Joy Paredes, Division Secretary Peter Graves, GIS Analyst Richele Lesa, Office Operations Assistant Michael Napier, GIS Analyst

Lāna`i Community Plan Team David Yamashita, Planner Supervisor Mark King, GIS Analyst Kathleen Kern, Project Lead, Senior Planner Connie Tucker, GIS Technician Mary Jorgensen, Senior Planner Doug Miller, Planner IV

CONSULTANT TEAM AND SPECIAL STUDIES Chris Hart & Partners, Inc. – Michael Summers, Senior Planner and Jennifer Maydan, Planner John Knox & Associates: Lānaì Economic Development and Lānaì Housing Issue Papers Belt Collins Hawaiì Ltd., John Kirkpatrick: Land Use Forecast SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc. and Belt Collins Hawaiì Ltd: Socio-Economic Forecast Wilson Okamoto & Associates, Inc.: County of Maui Infrastructure Assessment Update 2003 R. M. Towill Corporation: Public Facilities Assessment Update County of Maui 2007 PlanPacific: Existing land use database for Socio-Economic Forecast

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapters: 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………….…….… 1-1 2. Vision and Guiding Principles…………………………………………………….….. 2-1 3. Environment and Natural Resources……………………………………………….. 3-1 4. Hazard Mitigation……………………………………………………………………... 4-1 5. Cultural, Historic, & Scenic Resources……………………………………………... 5-1 6. Economic Development…………………………………………………………….... 6-1 7. Infrastructure and Utilities……………………………………………………….….… 7-1 8. Public Facilities and Services……………………………………………………..…. 8-1 9. Land Use……………………………………………………………………………..… 9-1

10. Urban Design…………………………………………………………………..…….... 10-1 11. Housing…………………………………………………………………………..…….. 11-1 12. Governance……………………………………….……………………….………….. 12-1

13. Implementation and Monitoring………………………………………….………….. 13-1

Appendices: 1.1 Community Engagement…………………..……………………………………….... A-1 3.1 Ecosystem Services……………………………………………………………….….. A-2

5.1 Historic and Cultural Resources………………………………………………….…. A-3 9.1 Comparison of State Land Use, County Community Plan, and Zoning

Districts……………………………………………………..…………………….…. A-4 9.2 County Community Plan Designations………………………………………….…. A-5

Figures: 3.2 County of Maui General Plan Organization……………………………..….…….... 1-2

3.3 Generalized Planning Process and Schedule…………………………….……….. 1-4

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Tables: 3.1 Environmental and Natural Resources Actions...... 3-5 4.1 Hazard Mitigation Actions...... 4-5

5.1 Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Resources………….………...... 5-5 6.1 Economic Development Actions…………….……………………………………… 6-6 7.1 Infrastructure - Water Actions...……….….…………………...... 7-4 7.2 Infrastructure - Wastewater Actions...………….………………...... 7-7 7.3 Infrastructure - Solid Waste Actions...………….…………………...... 7-10 7.4 Infrastructure - Energy Actions...... …...... 7-13

7.5 Infrastructure - Transportation Actions...…………….……………...... 7-17 7.6 Infrastructure - Stormwater Actions...…………………………...... 7-20 7.7 Infrastructure -Telecommunications Actions……………………...... 7-22

8.1 Public Facilities - Parks and Recreation Actions…………………...... 8-3 8.2 Public Facilities - Police Actions……………………………………...... 8-6 8.3 Public Facilities - Fire and Safety Actions……………………...... 8-8

8.4 Public Facilities - Education Actions……………….…………...... 8-10 8.5 Public Facilities - Health and Social Services Actions………...... 8-14 9.1 Acreage by State Land Use District………...... 9-1

9.2 Lāna`i Community Plan Acreage by Proposed Land Use Designation...... 9-4 9.3 Land Use Actions...... …...... 9-12 10.1 Urban Design Actions...... …...... 10-6 11.1 Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income...... 11-2 11.2 Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentage of Household Income...... 11-2 11.3 Housing Actions...... …...... 11-7 12.1 Governance Actions...... …...... 12-3

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Maps: 1.1 Lāna`i Community Plan Region…………….……………………………………..... 1-5 3.1 Environment and Natural Resources…….…………………………..……… Map Book 5.1 Cultural, Historic, and Archeological Resources……………………………. Map Book 7.1 Infrastructure and Utilities…….………………………………………...... Map Book 7.2 Existing Transportation…….………………………………………...... Map Book 7.3 Future Transportation…….………………………………………...... Map Book 7.4 Road Ownership…….………………………………………...... Map Book 7.5 Road Types………….………………………………………...... Map Book

8.1 Public Facilities...…….………………………………………...... Map Book 9.1 State Land Use...…….………………………………………...... Map Book 9.2 Current Land Use...….………………………………………...... Map Book

9.3 County Zoning…...... Map Book 9.4 Proposed Community Plan Land Use...... Map Book 9.5 Proposed Lāna`i City Land Use Detail…...... Map Book

9.6 Proposed Kahalepalaoa Land Use Detail…...... Map Book 9.7 Proposed Airport Land Use Detail…...... Map Book 9.8 Proposed Mānele Land Use Detail…...... Map Book

9.9 Proposed Kaumālapa‘u Land Use Detail…...... Map Book

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1 1 | INTRODUCTION 2 3 4 5 The Lāna‘i Community Plan 2013 Update is one of the nine community plan updates that are 6 part of the Maui County General Plan 2030 process. This Plan reflects current and 7 anticipated future conditions on Lāna‘i and establishes planning goals, objectives, policies 8 and implementation considerations to guide decision-making and actions through the year 9 2025. 10 11 The Lāna‘i Community Plan Update combines the existing plan with new topics and sections 12 that are required by Maui County Code 2.80B, along with revisions to reflect the County of 13 Maui 2030 General Plan Countywide Policy Plan. The County of Maui Planning Department’s 14 Long Range Division worked with the Lāna‘i community, stakeholders, agencies, and the 15 Lāna‘i Community Plan Advisory Committee, (the Lāna‘i Planning Commission, and the Maui 16 County Council) between 2010 and 2014 to update the Lāna‘i Community Plan. 17 18 This chapter describes the Community Plan’s role in Maui County’s General Plan process, an 19 overview of the update process, a general description of the planning area and a brief 20 overview of Lāna‘i history. This chapter concludes with an overview of the plan organization 21 and chapter topics. 22 23 24 THE ROLE OF THE LĀNA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN IN THE MAUI COUNTY GENERAL PLAN 25 26 The County of Maui General Plan consists of three parts: (1) the Countywide Policy Plan, (2) the 27 Maui Island Plan, and (3) the nine community plans (Figure 1). The Maui County General Plan, 28 adopted in 1980 and updated in 1990, sets forth the long-term social, economic, environmental, 29 and land use needs of the County within goals, objectives, policies and actions. The County of 30 Maui General Plan update began with the Countywide Policy Plan adoption in 2010, the Maui 31 Island Plan adoption in 2012, and initiation of the update to the community plans in 2010. The 32 General Plan supports the Hawai‘i State Plan and interrelates with the State Functional Plans, 33 which have not been revised since the late 1990s. In 2011, the priority guidelines and principles 34 to promote sustainability were adopted from the Hawai’i 2050 Sustainability Plan as an 35 amendment to the State Plan. 36 37 The Lāna‘i Community Plan was adopted by Ordinance No. 1306 in 1983 and updated in 1998. 38 The community plan provides specific recommendations to address the goals, objectives and 39 policies contained in the Maui County Countywide Policy Plan, while recognizing the values and 40 unique attributes of Lāna‘i. Implementation of the goals, objectives and policies contained in the 41 Community Plan occurs through specific actions in each Community Plan. Various County 42 programs and processes – zoning, the capital improvement program, and the County budget - 43 implement the actions as well as broader policy recommendations.

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1 Countywide Policy Plan

Molokai Maui Island Plan Lāna’i Kaho`olawe Community Plan Community Plan Community Plan

Kīhei Makawao Pā`ia Wailuku West Hāna Mākena Pukalani Ha`ikū Kahului Maui Community Community Kula Community Community Community Plan Plan Community Plan Plan Plan Plan 2 3 4 Figure 1.1 County of Maui General Plan Organization 5 6 7 8 THE 2013 LĀNA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE 9 10 In 2004-2010, the Maui County Council modified Maui County Code (MCC) Chapter 2.80B – 11 General Plan and Community Plans to create new requirements. Section 2.80B.070 provides 12 the specifics for the community planning process, and requires that the community plans 13 implement the Countywide Policy Plan’s vision, principles, goals, and policies in the following 14 core themes: 15  Protect the Natural Environment 16  Preserve Local Cultures and Traditions 17  Improve Education 18  Strengthen Social and Healthcare Services 19  Promote Sustainable Land Use and Growth 20  Expand Housing Opportunities for Residents 21  Strengthen the Local Economy 22  Improve Parks and Public Facilities 23  Diversify Transportation Options 24  Improve Physical Infrastructure Management 25  Strive for Good Governance 26 27 Another significant change to MCC 2.80B are the implementation requirements that identify 28 priorities, timelines, estimated costs, and the County department accountable for the 29 completion. Specific milestones to measure progress in the plan’s implementation will be in 30 the updated community plan. New elements required by 2.80B include: 31 32 1) A statement of the social, economic, and environmental effects of development, 33 2) The desired sequence, patterns, and characteristics of future development, 34 3) A statement of urban and rural design principles and objectives, 35 4) A list of scenic sites and resources,

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1 5) A description of a projected multi-modal transportation system, 2 6) A statement of desired population density including visitors and residents, and 3 7) A list of streetscape and landscaping principles and desired improvements. 4 5 In addition, several technical studies and issue papers were used by the Planning 6 Department and Community Plan Advisory Committee to understand future conditions and 7 needs: 8 9  The Final Public Facilities Assessment Update County of Maui. (March 2007) identifies 10 public facilities and services (e.g., schools, parks, police and fire protection, hospital, 11 and solid waste disposal services) issues and opportunities in high-growth community 12 plan regions. 13 14  The County of Maui Infrastructure Update Assessment (May 2003) identifies 15 infrastructure (e.g., roadways, drainage, water, wastewater, telephone and electrical 16 systems) issues and opportunities in the community plan regions. 17 18  The Draft Lāna‘i Economic Development Issue Paper: A Discussion Paper for the 19 Department of Planning Community Plan Update (Draft May 2011) discusses current 20 economic conditions and strategies for the future. 21 22  The Lāna‘i Housing Issue Paper, Draft: A Discussion Paper for the Lāna‘i Community 23 Plan Update, (In-Progress Working Draft, May 2011) discusses current issues and 24 projected future needs. 25 26  The Land Use Forecast, Island of Lāna‘i, Maui County General Plan Technical 27 Resource Study (December 2012) provides a measure of existing and future vacant and 28 undeveloped lands using the Community Plan land use designations. 29 30  The Socio-Economic Forecast, The Economic Projections for the Maui County General 31 Plan 2030 (June 2006) projects residential, visitor, and employment growth, as well as 32 housing demand. This planning tool is used to predict future growth scenarios for each 33 community plan region. 34 35 36 MCC 2.80B also specifies a process to establish the Community Plan Advisory Committee 37 (CPAC) and the update process. The CPAC is composed of thirteen members appointed by the 38 County Council and the Mayor. Over a 180 day period the CPAC will conduct meetings and 39 workshops that encourage public participation in the Lāna‘i Community Plan update. 40 41 Following the 180-day CPAC process, the CPAC's recommendations are submitted to the 42 Planning Department. The Planning Department prepares the revised Community Plan, based 43 on the work of the CPAC. The revised Community Plan is forwarded to the Lāna‘i Planning 44 Commission (6 months) for public hearing and review and then is sent to the County Council 45 (which is allowed up to one year) for further review and adoption by ordinance. This process is 46 summarized graphically in Figure 1.2.

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1 2 3 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 4 5 The Planning Department's Long Range Division conducted four community engagement 6 events to hear directly the resident’s ideas and concerns. An open house on Saturday, 7 August 7, 2010 was attended by 42 Lāna‘i residents. The open house initiated discussion 8 about issues that the community considered to be critical and that should be addressed in the 9 Lāna‘i Community Plan Update. The event explored options for future land use, housing, 10 transportation, infrastructure, development, and historic, cultural, and natural resources as 11 well as community design possibilities. Five interactive stations, with information, maps, and 12 note gathering, focused on key issues, problems, opportunities, and potential solutions. 13 14 On Thursday, April 7, 2011 a second community meeting was held in the evening at the 15 Lāna‘i Community Center and attended by 40 Lāna‘i residents. A panel of four individuals 16 (Colbert Matsumoto, Bob Agres, Davianna McGregor, and Alan Fujimori; see Appendix 1.1), 17 offered their perspectives on the island’s future to start a discussion on ideas and strategies. 18 Various ideas for economic diversification formed the central theme. The community added 19 their ideas and asked questions of the panel members.

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1 On Thursday, April 4, 2013 an island-wide workshop provided an opportunity for the 2 community to indicate areas for potential development and was attended by 64 people 3 including a large group from Pūlama Lāna`i and their consultants. Pūlama Lāna`i displayed 4 their first version of conceptual plans for future development areas. Groups of residents 5 designed three conceptual plans that expanded on the ideas in the consultant’s conceptual 6 plans. A volunteer from each group reported the ideas to the larger group. The community 7 also responded to surveys on trail use and recreational preferences for different locations. 8 9 On Saturday, April 6, 2013 a Lana’i City workshop provided displays and preference surveys 10 for focus areas of Lana’i City and was attended by 120 people. Focus areas were Dole Park, 11 the base-yard, housing types, the proposed expansion area, and street design. Participants 12 provided comments and dot-voted their preferences for potential uses of the different areas 13 or the type of housing form they would like to see built. 14 15 16 OVERVIEW OF LĀNA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN AREA 17 18 Lāna‘i is one of four islands that comprise the County of Maui (Map 1.1). Lāna‘i is the driest of 19 the inhabited main Hawaiian Islands, with less than ten inches of rain along the lowland 20 coasts and 30 to 40 inches above the 2,000-foot elevation. Strong trade winds funneled 21 between Maui and Moloka‘i increase evaporation and soil erosion on the north and east sides 22 of Lāna‘i. 23

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1 Lāna‘i formed as a broad shield volcano and has a remnant caldera, named the Pālāwai 2 Basin. The caldera rim formed the over 3000 foot high ridge line that is now covered by the 3 watershed forest of Lāna‘ihale. A majority of the former pineapple agricultural lands, are 4 located within the Pālāwai Basin, while Lāna‘i City and the Lodge at Kō‘ele are situated on 5 the outer slopes of the caldera. 6 7 To the northwest is the Kānepu‘u Preserve Natural Area, a dryland forest, and Keahiakawelo, 8 windswept lands that contain what was first called “Garden of the Gods” in 1911- a place of 9 rich traditional significance and unique geological formations. The south coast has Mānele 10 and Hulopo‘e Bays and the Mānele Resort, which opened in 1991. Just to the west is the 11 Keālia Kapu-Kaunolū traditional village and ceremonial complex, which also includes the 12 remains of King Kamehameha I’s Lāna‘i compound and fishing retreat. Today, the north, or 13 windward coast, is sparsely populated and includes extensive ancient sites/cultural resources 14 as well as historical sites such as Federation Camp, the remnants of the Maunalei Sugar 15 Company developed between 1898 to 1901, and Keōmoku Village. It is also the site of a 16 failed visitor development known as Club Lāna‘i at Kahalepalaoa. 17 18 19 LĀNA`I HISTORY SUMMARY 20 21 The traditional history of Lāna‘i is rich and diverse, spanning some 800 years of Hawaiian 22 residency, followed by a century of ranching, a brief sugar venture, and seven decades of 23 pineapple plantation history. 24 25 Prior to human arrival the mountain zone was largely covered by a cloud-fog drip forest, the mid- 26 lowlands were covered by dryland forests and native grasslands, and the coastal zone was host 27 to many native plant species and life forms. Early Lāna‘i settlers came across the channels from 28 Maui and Moloka`i—in traditional lore, settlement occurred after Kaululā‘au, a young chief from 29 Maui, killed the ghosts who initially inhabited the island. Charcoal layers indicate that the early 30 settlers cleared sections of the lowland forests with fire to develop agricultural fields and as 31 building sites1. Initial settlements were along the coasts or up the few deep valleys with 32 intermittent water flow and springs. The largest villages were along the windward Keōmoku 33 coast and the perennial Maunalei River valley, and along the leeward coast at Kaunolū. The 34 latter site became the focal point of Lāna‘i’s religious, political and social community. 35 Abundant ocean resources, combined with upland taro and sweet potato fields, provided food 36 to the residents for centuries. 37 38 Individual districts or entire islands were governed by high chiefs during the early years of 39 settlement. Later, as the population grew and spread inland, the governance system 40 changed. Traditional land divisions called ahupua‘a, which extended from ocean fisheries to 41 the mountain peaks were established – developed to promote a healthy landscape and 42 ______43 1 Kumu Pono Associates, 2011.

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1 2

3 4 FAST FACTS ABOUT LĀNA`I 5 6 PHYSICAL FEATURES: 7 8 . Area - 140.5 square miles 9 . Sixth largest of main Hawaiian Islands and the smallest publicly accessible inhabited island 10 11 . Highest Elevation – Mount Lāna‘ihale at 3,366 feet. 12 . Kalohi Channel separates it from Molokai Island to the north 13 . ‘Au‘au Channel separates it from Maui Island to the east 14

16 17 POPULATION / DEMOGRAPHICS (2010 Census): 18 19 . 2010 population 3102 people; a decrease of 91 people from 2000. 20 . Population by Race – 56% Asian, 22.99% Two or more races, 14.02 White, 6.61% Native 21 Hawaiian and other Pacific native, 0.16% Black or African American, 0.16% Some other race 22 23 alone, 0.06% American Indian and Alaska native. 24 . Persons of Hispanic or Latino Origin (of any race) 254 or 8.19% of total population. 25 . Population by Age – 0 to 4 years: 7.58%; 5 to 17 years: 18.60%; 18 to 64 years: 58.96%; 65 26 years and over: 14.86%. 27 28 29 30 EMPLOYMENT (2010 Census): 31 . 951 total primary jobs 32 . Five highest jobs by NAICS Industry Sector – Accommodation and food service: 574 jobs; 33 Management of Companies and enterprises: 118 jobs; Arts, entertainment, and recreation: 55 34 35 jobs; Real estate and rental and leasing: 47 jobs; and Retail trade: 45 jobs. 36 . Jobs by earnings - $1,250 per month or less: 88 jobs; $1,251 to $3,333 per month: 500 jobs; 37 and more than $3,333 per month: 363 jobs. 38 39 . Jobs by Worker Sex – Male: 497 jobs; Female: 454 jobs. 40 41 42 FLORA AND FAUNA 43 44 .su staina Sixty-fourble resources plant species in support listed asof endangthe growinered,g population.candidate, orLesser species chiefs of concern. (ali‘i ‘ai ahupua‘a) 45 .were L āgrantedna‘ihale tracts Forest of Conservation land to manage Area on - 3,588behalf acres of the of higher wet forest. chiefs and kings (ali‘i ‘ai moku 46 .& mKōā‘īnepu‘u). Throughout Preserve most Natural of its Area recorded - 590 history,acres of L lowlandāna`i fell olopua/lama under the control dryland of forest. Maui rulers. 47 .From Endangered ca. 1795 to ‘Ua 1810,‘u (Hawaiian the warrior petrel) chief in Kamehamehafern understory I, offrom Lāna Hawai‘i‘ihale forest.Island, led wars until 48 .the Mindividualānele –Hulopo‘e chiefdoms Marine were Life subjugated Conservation and District unified with into coral the reef, Kingdom sandy beaches, of Hawai‘i, and rockya 49 monahabitats.rchy with Kamehameha I as the first king. During the period of his quest to unify the 50 .islands Hawaiian under monkhis rule, seals, Kamehameha green sea turtles, spent spinnertime at Kaunoldolphins.ū and other sites on the island of 51 Lāna‘i. His primary residence is still pointed out, in view of a sacred temple and place of 52 sanctuary, and the area of his favored fishing grounds off of Lāna‘i. 53

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1 The first account of a western visitor to walk on Lāna‘i was recorded in 1828 (five years after the 2 Protestant mission station was established in Lāhaina). By this time, Lāna‘i’s native population 3 had suffered significant losses, so the mission did not place a foreign resident on the island. The 4 historical record indicates that the first ‘permanent” western residents on Lāna‘i settled the island 5 in 1853. These settlers were Mormon elders who had been refused access to land to develop a 6 colony for converts on other islands. The Mormon mission at Pālāwai (which they dubbed the 7 City of Joseph in the Valley of Ephraim), was abandoned by the elders in 1858, leaving the little 8 colony to some 100 Hawaiian converts. In 1861, Walter Murray Gibson, settled on Lāna‘i at the 9 Pālāwai settlement, and for a time worked to reposition the Mormon colony. By 1865, Gibson 10 was excommunicated from the Mormon Church, and the lands he acquired—with donations 11 from the Hawaiian converts—were held under his name as personal property. In 1874, Gibson 12 secured a lease on the lands which form the Kō‘ele area, and he built his home there, as the 13 heart of a ranching operation on Lāna‘i. In between 1864 till the time of his death in 1888, 14 Gibson acquired fee-simple and/or leasehold title to nearly all the land on Lāna‘i, with the 15 exception of parcels retained by native tenant families who were granted lands as kuleana or in 16 Royal Patent Grants. The ranching operation initially focused on raising sheep and goats, with 17 smaller herds of cattle, horses and pigs. With the passing of time many of the animals became 18 feral, and their rapid increase in herd size on the island caused extensive damage to the 19 remaining forests and native vegetation during the mid-1800s to early 1900s. 20 21 The first plantation on Lāna‘i was a sugar mill started by Walter Murray Gibson’s son-in-law, 22 Frederick Hayselden, who through his wife, Talula Gibson Hayselden, controlled most of the 23 land on Lāna‘i. The plantation venture focused on the lands extending from Maunalei to 24 Kahalepalaoa, with the primary seat of operations and the mill site, being established in the 25 area of Keōmoku. The plantation idea began to be developed by 1898, and was incorporated 26 in 1899, but went bankrupt in March 1901. During those years, laborers from Japan—smaller 27 numbers of Chinese, Portuguese, and Hawaiians—built a narrow gauge railroad, constructed 28 a wharf and planted sugar cane irrigated by water from Maunalei Valley and from a well 29 system developed both near shore and in the mountains. 30 31 With bankruptcy, the Gibson-Hayselden family lost control of Lāna‘i, and tracts of land began to 32 be sold to Charles Gay and family, who formally settled Lāna‘i in 1903. Gay recognized the 33 damage being done to the islands’ resources by feral ungulates and began a program of 34 eradication—at times driving thousands of goats over the cliffs of Ka‘apahu along the 35 northwestern shoreline. At the same time, Gay also entered into an agreement with the 36 Territorial Governor to purchase all the government (Ceded) lands on Lāna‘i, with the deal 37 completed in 1907. For the first time, fee-simple title to some 99% of the island was held by one 38 family. The Gays ran into financial difficulties, and by 1910, a new ranch company was formed. 39 The owners elicited help from the Territorial Forestry Division and developed a plan to protect 40 the forest lands and carefully control herds of grazing animals. In 1911 George Munro was hired 41 as the ranch manager by the new owners, Lāna‘i Ranch Company. Munro was also dedicated 42 conservationist, and took on the task of halting the destruction of forest and loss of soil through 43 erosion and uncontrolled grazing. In this period, Munro recognized the value of the Norfolk Island

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1 Pine Tree that Gibson had planted at Kō‘ele in 1875, and initiated a program of planting Cook 2 Island Pines across Lāna‘ihale. He also had the remnant dryland forest of Kānepu‘u fenced in to 3 protect the rare plant species of that region. 4 5 Having eradicated goats on Lāna‘i, George Munro introduced axis deer to Lāna‘i in 1920. In his 6 later years, he lamented the introduction as a mistake. The axis deer were originally brought to 7 Hawai‘i in ca. 1865, given as a gift to Kamehameha V, and taken to the king’s lands on Moloka‘i. 8 Munro encountered the deer when he was working on that island in the 1890s. At the time of 9 their introduction, hunting on Lāna‘i was controlled, open to employees of the ranch (generally 10 the native families of Lāna‘i), and guests of the owners. As the deer herd became established, 11 hunting deer was added to the recreational offerings on Lāna‘i. It was not until after World War II 12 that the Territory of Hawai‘i created a public hunting program. Since then, hunting axis deer and 13 the mouflon sheep (introduced in the later 1950s) has become a way of life—subsistence and 14 recreation—for Lāna‘i residents and others from around the state. Herds of these animals now 15 roam the island and have caused severe deforestation, which diminishes the ability of Lāna‘i to 16 capture moisture from the clouds and fog that recharge the island’s aquifer. 17 18 In September 1922, James Dole purchased the island as a part of his Hawaiian Pineapple 19 Company. In 1923 the groundwork for pineapple cultivation began and a new city of 40 20 buildings, laid out on a grid with Dole Park as the central town square. Lāna‘i City— 21 composed of hundreds of buildings, with running water, electricity and other amenities—was 22 formally debuted in January 1926, and accommodated the new plantation workers. The first 23 major labor force was made up of Japanese, followed by Filipinos, and smaller groups 24 immigrants from China, Korea, Portugal and other countries. Dole also built the Kaumālapa‘u 25 Harbor and a water system which relied on Maunalei and the Lāna‘ihale aquifer for water to 26 supply the residents and irrigation needs of the plantation. The culturally diverse population 27 that came to Lāna‘i in the 1920s is the foundation of Lāna‘i’s population in the modern day. 28 29 The ranching operation, the longest surviving western business venture on Lāna‘i, was 30 continued the first 30 years of the plantation. But as a result of the diminishing water 31 resources and degradation of the pasture lands, the ranch was closed in 1951. The pineapple 32 plantation continued to grow, and at one point some 18,000 acres of land were under 33 cultivation, and Lāna‘i was known as the worlds’ largest pineapple plantation. In 1961, Castle 34 & Cooke purchased all interests of the Dole family in the Hawaiian Pineapple Company – 35 Dole Foods, and In 1985, David H. Murdock bought Castle & Cooke, acquiring 98 percent of 36 Lāna‘i as well. Under Murdock’s tenure, Lāna‘i’s economy shifted from agricultural-based to 37 tourism-based. The Lodge at Kō‘ele opened in 1990 and the Mānele Bay Hotel in 1991. After 38 seventy years, the pineapple operations ended in 1992. 39 40 The effects of the island’s previous businesses and decisions continue to be seen today. 41 Agricultural operations required an extensive amount of clearing, the use of pesticides and 42 fertilizers, and the widespread use of black plastic as a weed block. Feral ungulates caused 43 continual loss of forest cover that ultimately resulted in a decreased aquifer recharge rate. In

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1 1995, the State Commission on Water Resource Management modeled the groundwater system 2 of Lāna‘i and predicted that reduction of forest cover would affect ground water levels drastically. 3 4 Many Lāna‘i residents made the shift from plantation agriculture employment to work in the 5 visitor industry. Lāna‘i City today is the last intact plantation-era town in Hawai‘i. In June 6 2012, Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle Corporation, purchased Murdock’s holdings on Lāna‘i. 7 Since the purchase, the management unit has been re-named Pūlama Lāna`i. 8 9 10 11 PLAN ORGANIZATION 12 13 Lāna‘i Community Plan 2013 Update is organized into thirteen chapters and an appendixes 14 section with maps and background materials. This chapter is followed by Chapter 2 that 15 explores Lāna‘i’s future – the vision, issues and opportunities including what is needed to 16 sustain the resources, quality of life, and economy as well as what level of growth might be 17 expected given current and projected future population and demographics. 18 19 Chapters 3-13 incorporate the elements required by MCC 2.80B into the Lāna‘i Community 20 Plan 2013 Update. Each chapter provides background, existing conditions, issues and 21 strategies to address them, and goals, policies and actions. Chapters 3-5 cover the 22 environment and the natural, cultural, and historic resources, as well as hazard mitigation to 23 protect these resources and the community. 24 25 Chapter 6 – Economic Development discusses the reliance on a single industry – luxury 26 tourism – and the strategies to diversify the economy. This chapter is based on the extensive 27 technical report and the two community engagement meetings. 28 29 Chapters 7 and 8 discuss the existing and future needs for infrastructure, utilities, and public 30 facilities and services. Traditional County services and capital improvement projects, such as 31 transportation, energy, or water supply are essential for supporting the economy. 32 33 Chapters 9 through 11 – Land Use, Urban Design, and Housing provide the policies and 34 actions that will shape the future location and form of development. The Housing chapter 35 looks at specific housing needs, such as low-income and aging-in-place, to provide a variety 36 of housing options for a diverse community. 37 38 Chapter 12 and 13 discuss Governance and Implementation. The chapter on governance 39 looks at the current system and what changes in the system and function of governance are 40 needed to guide the community toward a sustainable future. Actions from previous chapters 41 are listed in the Implementation chapter in priority order, with cost estimates, timelines, and 42 implementing agency. This table will facilitate funding decisions during the county budget 43 process.

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1 2 | LANA`I’S FUTURE

2 3 4 2A VISION AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES 5 6 We are Lāna’i – people who care. Lāna’i was and is the Pineapple Island: while the 7 plantation is gone, the Pineapple remains the symbol of hospitality and warmth. We cherish 8 our sense of ohana, in which people know each other, share, sacrifice, and take care of each 9 other. We deeply value our rural lifestyle of being close to the land, a life spent outdoors. It 10 is the history of our land and people that makes Lana’i different from other places. We honor 11 and take care of our kupuna and nurture our children in a safe and peaceful place and we 12 value, cherish and protect our environment and natural resources1. We honor our unique 13 heritage by preserving many of our archeological and cultural sites and by maintaining Lāna`i 14 City’s special sense of place as the last plantation town in Hawaii. 15 16 We recognize that Lanai faces many challenges in order to achieve a sustainable future. We 17 must seek ways to expand our economy, provide for better healthcare, improve education, 18 become energy independent and encourage self-sufficiency. As we strive to meet these 19 challenges, we realize that we must work to preserve some things and accept those changes 20 that do not fundamentally alter Lanai’s unique character 21 22 We offer the following as guiding principles and goals for the future of the island: 23 24  Diversify the economy to provide opportunities and resiliency through time.

25  Provide opportunities for the island’s keiki to live and work on Lana’i.

26  We realize that in order to create more economic diversity and job opportunities, our 27 population will need to grow. As a result we are committed to finding constructive 28 ways to help assimilate the growing population into the community. 29 30  Malama Aina: protect and restore the environment.

31  Protect our water and provide efficient, effective, and environmentally sound 32 infrastructure and services.

33  Preserve the historic character of Lāna`i City and honor the Hawaiian culture through 34 preservation of cultural sites.

35  Maintain the rural lifestyle with its slower pace, open space, and connection to the 36 natural environment.

37  Ensure a healthy community that is supported by a full array of health care services 38 for all members of the community.

1 Lana`i Island Water Use & Development Plan, Dept. of Water Supply, County of Maui, February 25, 2011 DWS Amended Draft

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1  Expand educational opportunities to nurture children and inspire adults.

2  Provide a variety of social and recreational faculties and opportunities for all ages.

3  Preserve the subsistence lifestyle through traditional access for gathering, hunting, 4 and fishing.

5  Establish trust to create a collaborative and respectful relationship between the 6 community and Pūlama Lāna`i.

7  Establish Lāna`i as a model sustainable island – known for its bold integration of 8 innovative green technologies into a traditional rural island community.

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1 2 B PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES

2 3 4 INTRODUCTION 5 The identification of major problems and opportunities is required by Maui County Code 6 2.80B. This description is based, in part, on the 1998 Community Plan, which, in turn, was 7 based on the formulation developed by the 1993 Citizen’s Advisory Committee. Issues have 8 been updated to reflect current conditions, and new problems and unique opportunities have 9 been added. 10 11 12 PROBLEMS 13 14 A. WATER AND THE FOREST ECO-SYSTEM 15 Much of Lāna’i’s forest eco-systems and water resources have been declining 16 over the last century. Water and other natural resources on the island are 17 vulnerable due to historical loss of forest cover and natural ecosystem functions as 18 well as to the future effects of climate change. Lānaì’s forest systems are fragile and 19 vitally important resource because the island’s main aquifer relies, in part, on the 20 ‘cloud forest’ for water recharge. Lānaì’s forest systems have been significantly 21 altered since ‘western’ contact. Ungulates (sheep, goats, deer) have, over the past 22 150 years, decimated and denuded the forests and invasive species have taken over 23 and crowded out native species. Fencing off the water recharge area of the 24 watershed, and removing invasive vegetation and feral ungulates from the fenced off 25 area is required. The planting of the Cook Pines in the early 20th century helped to 26 create a cloud forest, but now the cloud forest (on Lānaìhale) is in need of 27 replanting. 28 29 B. LIMITED RECREATION, HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES 30 There is a need for increased health care and social services. There is a 31 shortage of in-home care services, hospice and nursing facilities and this problem will 32 likely grow as the population increases. There is much concern within the Lānaì 33 community about the need to address social issues such as alcohol and drug abuse 34 and child and spousal abuse. Meanwhile, youth and adults on Lānaì have limited 35 access to organized recreational and social activities – especially for teenagers (11- 36 17) and young adults (18-30). In addition, recent immigrants and new arrivals are in 37 need of support services to help them integrate into Lānaì’s community. 38 39 C. NEED FOR ECONOMIC DIVERSITY 40 A narrow economic base provides limited economic opportunities for the 41 island’s residents. Since the end of the pineapple plantation, Lānaì’s economy has 42 depended mainly on luxury tourism and resort home construction. The recent ‘Great 43 Recession’ of 2009 – 2011 significantly reduced vacancy rates at the resorts and

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1 curtailed luxury resort home construction, resulting in lower employment and some 2 out-migration as people left the island to find work. Limited employment opportunities 3 are a constraint to residents’ ability to achieve a higher standard of living. Because 4 Lāna’i relies on a single industry, the island is vulnerable to the fragility of the luxury 5 tourism and resort housing markets. The particularities (i.e. the management 6 structure) of luxury resort employment, and the boom and bust cycles of home 7 construction, provide little incentive for the youth of the community to remain on - or 8 return to - the island. A more diversified economy would provide greater 9 opportunities for Lānaì residents to live and thrive on the island. 10 11 12 D. NEED FOR PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC CHARACTER 13 Lānaì’s historic and cultural resources are truly unique in the state and the 14 country, but many of these resources are threatened by incremental demolition 15 and by ‘demolition by neglect’. Lāna’i City is the state’s last intact plantation town, 16 filled with houses and other structures that are not only part of the personal histories 17 of many families but also represent a significant chapter in Hawaiì's social history but 18 the integrity of the historic town is being eroded by the demolition of contributing 19 buildings. As a result, it is essential that the protection, preservation and restoration 20 of the town’s historic structures are part of the town’s future: there is a need for a 21 comprehensive strategy for historic preservation. The historic plantation town 22 character of Lānaì City needs to be maintained through restoration, rehabilitation 23 and preservation of existing structures as well as through careful integration of new 24 structures. Furthermore, whole areas of the island’s cultural resources and 25 landscapes could be significantly altered and transformed by the development. 26 27 28 E. LIMITED HOUSING OPTIONS 29 The availability and the variety of housing types on the island are limited. 30 While the housing ‘crisis’ eased somewhat during to the economic recession of 2008- 31 2011, in 2013 with increased economic activity on Lanaì, there is a shortage of 32 affordable housing options available. There is a lack of entitled land to build new 33 housing, except within the Koele and Manele Project Districts. New housing needs to 34 be developed to meet the needs of working families as well as for the short term 35 workers who are on island for contract work. In addition, there is a limited variety of 36 housing types available. New housing choices are needed for singles, elderly, 37 renters and first time home buyers. However, there is also a concern that 38 inappropriate and insensitive new housing and development could negatively alter 39 Lānaì’s unique rural character. New development -- residential and commercial -- 40 should respond to community needs while respecting and enhancing Lāna’i City’s 41 rural plantation town character. 42 43

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1 F. TRANSPORTATION LIMITATIONS AND COST 2 The island suffers from an extremely limited number of options for freight 3 shipments and for personal transportation. As one of the smallest islands (and 4 least populated, with the exception of Niìhau) in the most isolated island chain in the 5 world, Lānaì suffers from expensive transportation costs for freight, goods, and 6 people. Limited freight transportation to the island – by sea barge and air freight -- 7 contributes to high costs of groceries, fuel, and goods. Limited airline seats and 8 flights inhibit both the number of tourists who can visit the Island, as well as 9 opportunities for residents to travel off-island. Increased transportation services is 10 seen by the island’s community as essential for economic development. 11 12 13 G. AGING INFRASTRUCTURE 14 Many of Lānaì’s infrastructure systems are old, inadequate, and require 15 extensive renovation or redevelopment to meet existing and future needs. As 16 Lānaì City nears its centennial –- since its founding in 1922, many of its 17 infrastructure systems are old and need to be repaired, replaced, and/or expanded. 18 For example, the water transmission system has leakage rates above industry 19 standards. The current landfill is nearing capacity – it is estimated to be full by 2020. 20 A new landfill site will be needed, or the island will have to start shipping solid waste 21 off-island. A drainage master plan was prepared for Lānaì City and the Koele project 22 district in 2006 but have not been fully implemented. Furthermore, there is a desire 23 to create infrastructure systems that have enough capacity and are designed with the 24 resiliency to face the challenges of the next century. Electric power is more 25 expensive on Lānaì than other Hawaiian islands; as a result, many residents 26 expressed a desire to develop renewable sources of electricity and fuel. 27 28 29 H. RELATIONSHIP WITH MAJOR LANDOWNER 30 The relationship between the island’s previous major landowner and the 31 community was historically difficult. One of the issues identified through 32 workshops and interviews was the poor working relationship between residents and 33 the island’s previous owner - Castle and Cooke Resorts (CCR). - Communication 34 between CCR’s management and community members was strained, resulting in an 35 eroded sense of trust over the past two decades. In part, this may have been due to 36 the unusual nature of Lānaì being a ‘company town’. However, now that CCR 37 holdings on the island have been sold to Pūlama Lānaì, there is an opportunity to 38 rebuild a more positive relationship between ‘the Company’ and the islands’ 39 residents. In addition, the relationship of the Lānaì community to the County 40 government is also unusual: many government services and functions are based on 41 Maui and Oahu, which makes it difficult for Lāna’i residents to access. This gap 42 makes it almost impossible for residents to participate in meetings and hearings on 43 issues that directly affect the island when they are held on Maui.

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1 OPPORTUNITIES 2 3 A. MALAMA AINA: COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION 4 There are ongoing programs to restore Lāna’i’s watershed which is essential to 5 maintaining its water supply and natural resources. Environmental restoration is 6 an opportunity for all residents and visitors to share common goals and objectives of 7 preserving and protecting Lanaì’s natural resources. The multiple benefits of 8 conserving and restoring the forest ecosystem - aquifer (groundwater) recharge (for 9 water supply), healthy habitats for fish and game, protection of native flora and fauna, 10 and recreation – have been recognized and are valued by Lānaìans. Residents, the 11 Company, state agencies, and non-profit groups have accomplished initial forest 12 restoration projects and are continuing these efforts. Additional community 13 stewardship for forest restoration could engage groups such as youth, hunters, 14 fishermen, and eco-tourists. Working together will not only help build trust between 15 different groups in the community, but will also accelerate restoration. 16 17 18 B. WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN 19 The county’s Water Use and Development Plan provides a guide to how the 20 island’s water system can be improved. Water conservation actions identified in 21 the 2011 Water Use and Development Plan1 provide specific measures individual 22 citizens, ‘the Company’, landowner(s), and government agencies could use to reduce 23 consumption and avoid over-pumping of the aquifer, prevent pollution, and reduce 24 operational costs as well. Actions such as: allowing laundry to be hung outside to air- 25 dry, re-using household greywater, and increasing recycling of water and wastewater 26 are all relatively inexpensive and simple measures that could be implemented 27 relatively quickly. 28 29 30 C. DESALINATION 31 The new landowner is exploring the option of developing desalination plants 32 that would create water out of salt water. Producing water through desalination 33 would greatly decrease the potential of over-withdrawal of the high level aquifer and 34 there could be adequate water supply for the re-introduction of substantial 35 agricultural operations, irrigation of the golf courses, landscaping and for human 36 consumption. Desalination creates brine as a by-product: this could be used to create 37 ice for (seafood) pakcing operations. 38 39 40 D. INTACT HISTORIC CHARACTER OF LANAÌ CITY AND THE ISLAND 41 The historic character of Lāna’i City and the island is relatively intact and 42 provides a solid foundation for the future. Lānaì City is an idyllic small town with 43 a unique sense of place due to its historic character. The plantation small town

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1 lifestyle and sense of òhana, draws not only former residents but also visitors back 2 time and again. The ‘ohana’ lifestyle which creates a supportive network of 3 neighbors and residents is viewed by locals as an opportunity to facilitate problem 4 solving which can benefit the greater community. The intact historic character of 5 Lānaì City should be seen as an asset for both residents and visitors. Its unique 6 character could be enhanced by additional restoration and adaptive re-use of historic 7 buildings and careful integration of new development. The urban design of Lānaì 8 City centralizes housing and commercial services: this development form can be 9 easily replicated and adapted to include additional forms of housing. Its rural 10 character and sense of place could be maintained through the implementation of 11 design guidelines. Historic resources and landscapes in other parts of the island - 12 Keomoku, Keahiakawelo, Maunalei - could also be seen as assets, adding to the 13 special character and sense of place that is unique to Lānaì. 14 15 16 E. NEW MAJOR LANDOWNER 17 Having a new landowner provides new opportunities to create a stronger 18 relationship between the community and Pūlama Lānaì and to initiate a clear 19 program for economic development. In June 2012 David Murdock, owner of 20 Castle and Cooke Resorts, announced that he was selling most of his holdings on 21 Lānaì to Larry Ellison, who has created a new ownership/management entity - 22 Pūlama Lānaì. Pūlama Lānaì management have expressed their vision to the 23 community and are interested in involving the community while preserving the islands 24 precious resources. Pūlama Lānaì is interested in new projects, new enterprises 25 and new investment on the island. This is a great opportunity that could help to 26 diversify the island’s economy, and implement a new vision for the future of Lānaì. 27 There are benefits of having a single major property owner: it is possible to facilitate 28 faster negotiations and decision making, and it could be easier to marshal resources 29 to pursue new ventures. 30 31 32 F. HUNTING 33 Subsistence hunting by residents and the cottage industry of hunting-tourism 34 are important activities on the island, both economically and environmentally. 35 Hunters come to the island to hunt Axis Deer as well as Mouflon Sheep: hunting can 36 be part of the game management strategy to control the feral ungulates on the island. 37 Hunting is an economic engine for the island: hunters bring money into the economy, 38 specifically to local businesses and hunting operations, and provide the livelihood for 39 numerous residents and businesses. The Hunting Advisory Council, comprised of 40 local operators, believes that Hunting tourism could grow if there were more 41 accommodations available serving the needs of hunter-tourists.

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1 2 C SUSTAINABILTY AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 While not required by MCC 2.80B, events in Hawaiì and elsewhere (for example, Katrina, 7 Superstorm Sandy, the Tsunami and Earthquake in Japan) make it imperative to consider 8 and deal with the issues of sustainability and climate change in this long range plan for 9 Lānaì. 10 11 The intent of this 2012 update is to help establish a sustainable and resilient future for Lānaì. 12 This update works with the County of Maui’s Community Wide Policy Plan, which was 13 developed in 2005-2008 and approved by Maui County Council in March 2010. While the 14 Countywide Policy Plan lays out broad goals and policies for the County, the Lānaì 15 Community Plan develops more specific and detailed guidance and articulates specific 16 actions that are intended to serve the island for the next 10 years and beyond. 17 18 Rather than establish a new, separate chapter, and distinct set of goals, objectives, policies, 19 and actions regarding sustainability and climate adaptation, the update to the Lānaì 20 Community Plan integrates sustainability principles throughout the plan. This section 21 provides an introduction and brief guide to how sustainability and climate change adaptation 22 are woven into the fabric of the plan’s update through a variety of policies and actions 23 throughout the various elements of the plan. 24 25 26 B. SUSTAINABILITY 27 28 ‘Sustainability’ has become a fundamental concept within comprehensive and community 29 planning over the past decade. It refers to the ability to address the needs of the present 30 without compromising the ability of the future to meet their own needs. It requires a need to 31 consider the long term environmental, social, cultural and economic costs of present day 32 actions. 33 34 Sustainability is a particularly important concept in a region as fragile and remote as the 35 Hawaiian Islands. In 2006-2008 the State of Hawaiì developed the first long range plan for 36 the State in 30 years - Hawaiì 2050 Sustainability Plan (2008). The plan was developed 37 through extensive citizen participation and includes a definition of sustainability for/in Hawaiì. 38 39

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1 DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY IN HAWAI‘I 2 3 From Hawaiì 2050 Sustainability Plan (2008) 4 5 A Hawai‘i that achieves the following: 6 . Respects the culture, character, beauty and history of our state’s island 7 communities 8 . Strikes a balance between economic, social and community, and 9 environmental priorities 10 . Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future 11 generations to meet their own needs 12 13 The updates to the County of Maui’s General Plan – which includes the Countywide Policy 14 Plan, The Maui Island Plan, The Lanaì Community (Island) Plan, the Molokai Community 15 Plan, and the Community Plans on Maui Island – embrace this concept of sustainability, 16 along with the guiding principles in Hawaiì 2050. 17 18 In 2011 the Hawaiì State legislature enacted into law State Bill 283, which established 19 sustainability as a state priority by incorporating the Hawaiì 2050 Priority guidelines and 20 principles into Chapter 226, the Hawaiì State Planning Act, of the Hawaiì Revised Statutes. 21 22 23

Guiding Principles of Sustainability – Hawai`i 2050 HRS 226-108

Priority guidelines and principles to promote sustainability shall include: 1. We balance economic, social, community and environmental priorities. 2. We respect and live within the natural resources and limits of our islands. 3. We must achieve a diversified and dynamic economy. 4. We honor the host culture. 5. We make decisions based on meeting the present needs without compromising the needs of future generations. 6. The principles of the ahupua‘a system guide our resource management decisions. 7. Everyone — individuals, families, communities, businesses and government — has a responsibility for achieving a sustainable Hawai‘i

24 25 26 27 28

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1 C. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

2 Climate change, along with impending shortfalls in the supply of fossil fuels, will become 3 increasingly serious before the middle of the 21st century, and will have profound impacts for 4 societies all over the world, including for the Hawaiian Islands. Indeed, it is anticipated that 5 island communities, around the world, will be affected most severely.

6 Climate change will profoundly affect not only Hawaiì’s natural environment but also its 7 communities. Lives and property will be at risk. Major climate change effects expected for 8 Hawaiì include: warmer temperatures; increases in heat-related deaths and illnesses; sea- 9 level rise with resultant flooding, beach erosion, and damage to coastal property; sea surface 10 temperature increase and ocean acidification with negative impacts to coastal and marine 11 ecosystems; increased frequency and severity of storms, with increased vulnerability to storm 12 damage; and increased drought with variable effects on stream flows and freshwater 13 resources. These effects will adversely affect communities and sectors throughout Hawaiì, 14 including the economy (agriculture, tourism, fisheries, and trade), the built environment, 15 historic and cultural resources, infrastructure systems, and the environment and natural 16 resources.

17 While the precise timing and impact cannot be predicted, it is clear that significant climate 18 adaptation measures will be needed very soon. The intensity of climate change impacts in 19 Hawai`i can, to a significant degree, be mitigated. By taking action now, it is possible to 20 reduce potential damage in the future.

21 In July 2012 the Hawai`i State legislature enacted into law State Bill 2745, which amended 22 the Hawai`i State Planning Act, Chapter 226 HRS, by adding climate change adaptation 23 priority guidelines. 24 25

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1 HRS §226- Climate change adaptation priority guidelines.

(a) Priority guidelines to prepare the State to address the impacts of climate change, including impacts to the areas of agriculture, conservation lands, coastal and near shore marine areas, natural and cultural resources, education, energy, higher education, health, historic preservation, water resources, built environment (such as housing, recreation, transportation), and the economy:

(1) Ensure that Hawai`i's people are educated, informed, and aware of the impacts climate change may have on their communities;

(2) Encourage community stewardship groups and local stakeholders to participate in planning and implementation of climate change policies;

(3) Invest in continued monitoring and research of Hawai`i's climate and the impacts of climate change on the State;

(4) Consider Native Hawaiian traditional knowledge and practices in planning for the impacts of climate change;

(5) Encourage the preservation and restoration of natural landscape features (such as coral reefs, beaches and dunes, forests, streams, floodplains, and wetlands) that have the inherent capacity to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the impacts of climate change;

(6) Explore adaptation strategies that moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities in response to actual or expected climate change impacts to the natural and built environments;

(7) Promote sector resilience (in areas such as water, roads, airports, and public health) by encouraging the identification of climate change threats, assessment of potential consequences, and evaluation of adaptation options;

(8) Foster cross-jurisdictional collaboration between county, state, and federal agencies and partnerships between government and private entities and other non-governmental entities, including nonprofit entities;

(9) Use management and implementation approaches that encourage the continual collection, evaluation, and integration of new information and strategies into new and existing practices, policies, and plans; and

(10) Encourage planning and management of the natural and built environments that effectively integrate climate change policy."

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1 D. WORKING TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT LĀNAÌ 2 3 The following lists the key strategies, (policies + actions) within the Lānaì Community 4 Plan that are intended to establish Lāna’i as a sustainable and resilient island, one that 5 can adapt to a changing climate. 6 7 Protection, Management and Restoration of Natural Resources 8 . Water: protect watershed recharge areas 9 . Protect and restore cloud forest to help increase fog drip 10 . Reduce destruction of forest by invasive animals and plants 11 . Improve shoreline water quality through stormwater management 12 . Increase public stewardship of natural resources 13 14 Renewable Energy 15 . Increase the amount of electricity generated for Lānaì by renewable 16 sources (PV, Wind, Bio-Diesel, Bio-fuels, etc) 17 . Promote the use of electric vehicles – charged by renewable electricity 18 . Promote solar hot water heaters for residential users 19 . Explore options for bio-fuels and bio-diesel 20 . Explore waste-to-energy technologies using solid waste 21 22 Green Infrastructure 23 . 100% of wastewater is re-cycled for irrigation 24 . Explore options for re-use of household greywater for garden irrigation 25 . Expand recycling program to reduce solid waste 26 . Stormwater management to improve water quality 27 . Develop plan to replace Cook Island Pines with native species. 28 . Develop greenways/trails/bike/ped master plan 29 30 Climate Change adaptation, management, and mitigation 31 . Incremental adaptation of boat harbors due to sea level rise 32 . Manage and mitigate aquifer recharge as precipitation levels change 33 . Increase water conservation and re-use 34 35 Hazard mitigation 36 . Relocate critical structures out of tsunami inundation zone 37 . Increase public awareness re: fire hazard 38 . Increase emergency preparedness through education 39 40 Food Security 41 . Expand community gardens 42 . Expand production of non-GMO locally grown food 43 . Support Future Farmers of America and 4H programs

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1 Sustainable growth and green building 2 . Direct growth to existing entitled land areas 3 . Focus growth in areas with existing infrastructure 4 5 Diversified Housing for all stages and ages of life 6 . Permit new housing types (such as ‘granny cottages’, ohana units, 7 townhouses, seniors supportive housing, co-housing) for all stages and 8 ages of life 9 10 Protection, Management and Restoration of Cultural and Historic Resources 11 . Protect and maintain all archaeological and cultural sites 12 . Protect Lānaì City’s historically significant buildings and urban design 13 . Preserve and enhance scenic vistas 14 15 Economic Diversification 16 . Diversify Lānaì’s economy by introducing new industries 17 . Diversify Lānaì’s tourism sector 18 . Establish sustainable agriculture to Lānaì 19 . Expand education and support services for small businesses and agriculture 20 . Expand sea and air transportation options for Lānaì 21 22 Maintain and enhance sense of place 23 . Rural/country town roadway design standards for Lānaì City 24 . Protect historic plantation town character of Lānaì City 25 . Promote planting of drought tolerant and native plants 26 . Develop new growth areas sensitively and sustainably 27 . Maintain distinct communities separated by open space 28 29 Education and Social Services for the 21st Century 30 . Expand primary care and emergency care on the island 31 . Expand in-home care, extended care and hospice facilities and services 32 . Increase college level education available on island 33 . Expand park facilities 34 . Expand recreational opportunities 35 . Improve the quality of the schools on Lānaì 36 . Provide services for families in crisis (shelters, etc) 37

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1 3 | ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 Lānaì’s native ecosystems have been significantly changed by clearing and degradation of 7 the once extensive wet and dryland forests. Hoofed animals, initially free-range and later feral 8 (wild), critically damaged the forest understory and tree roots, which eventually destroyed 9 large forest areas. Invasive plants became established on bare forest lands, which resulted 10 in increased erosion, native species loss, and reduced water recharge of the aquifer. 11 Invasive plants, animals and insects decimated native species, such as forest birds, and 12 decreased bio-diversity creating a less resilient forest ecosystem. 13 14 Protection and restoration of Lānaì ’s forest ecosystems directly helps to ensure a 15 sustainable water supply, and to reduce erosion, surface water runoff, flooding, and siltation 16 of reefs and ocean waters. The forest ecosystem greatly influences many elements of the 17 Lānaì’s community – natural and cultural resources, recreation, agriculture, tourism, 18 infrastructure, and economic viability. Recent studies have calculated financial values for 19 services provided by forest ecosystems (see Appendix 3.1). 20 21 A University of Hawaiì study examined the various services provided by 22 O’ahu’s Koòlau forests - including water recharge, water quality, climate 23 control, biodiversity, and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, and commercial 24 values. These services were calculated to have a net present value of 25 between $7.4 and $14 billion. Approximately half of that amount is attributed 26 to the forest’s contribution to ground and surface water quality and quantity. 27 Other watersheds across the state were estimated to be comparable in 28 value. 1 29 30 Background 31 32 By the mid-1800s the damage to forests by feral ungulates (hoofed animals) was well known on 33 Lānaì. In the early 1900s, state agencies, conservationists, and agricultural lobbyists called for 34 eradication of feral goats to protect the wet forest and Lānaì’s limited water supply. Goats were 35 eventually eradicated, but other ungulates, axis deer and mouflon (European big horn) sheep, 36 were introduced for hunting in the 1920s and mid-1950s, respectively. 37 38 Lānaì is the driest of the inhabited Main Hawaiian Islands. The island relies on the remaining 39 native wet forest and the thick fern understory to capture moisture, or fog drip, from passing 40 clouds to recharge the aquifer. In 1995, the State Commission on Water Resource 41 Management modeled Lānaì’s groundwater system and predicted that reduction of forest 42 cover would drastically affect ground water levels. The model indicated that fog drip 43 contributes approximately 50% of the island’s fresh water in the central aquifer region2, and 44 ______45 1. DLNR, State of Hawaiì, The Rain Follows the Forest, 2011, page 4. 46 2. Stokes, Darrell. Final EA Lānaí hale Forest Stewardship Plan, Lānaì Company, August 2000.

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1 these findings are supported by recent studies by County of Maui Department of Water 2 Supply and others.3 3 4 Existing Conditions 5 6 Lānaì retains the agricultural (52%) and small town (4%) land use designations of its former 7 pineapple cultivation period combined with conservation (42%) land use designations. Only a 8 small percentage of the agricultural land is in production. Two main forest conservation areas 9 protect the wet forest on the Lānaìhale summit and Kanepuù, a large, significant dryland 10 forest. Most vegetation outside of Lānaìhale or Kānepu’u is non-native. Currently, 64 native 11 plant species are listed as endangered, candidate, or species of concern, 70 native plant 12 species have disappeared, and only one of eight native forest bird species remains.4 13 14 The Lānaìhale cloud Forest Conservation Area has 3,588 acres, with 2300 acres fenced, yet 15 axis deer and mouflon sheep are still within the fenced area. The dark night sky of Lānaì 16 has helped to retain a large colony of ‘ua’u (Hawaiian petrel) that nest in the fern understory 17 of Lānaìhale forest. The highly invasive strawberry guava plant has become established and 18 is destroying the native forest structure that sustains a healthy watershed and aquifer. A 19 healthy native forest is beneficial in providing habitat for the survival of endangered and 20 endemic native plants and animal species. In 2006, control efforts began against invasive 21 predators for the protection of the Hawaiian Petrel colony on Lānaì, the second largest in 22 Hawai’i. In 2008, research and removal efforts began for the strawberry guava that is 23 displacing habitat for the Hawaiian Petrel nesting grounds and native forest structure. Soil 24 loss, from 200 acres of denuded land around Lānaìhale, is estimated at upwards of 2,200 25 tons per year.5 26 27 The Kānepuù Preserve, Lānaì, Natural Area Partnership, is seven sections that total 590 28 acres of lowland olopua/lama (native trees with cultural importance) dryland forest. Early 29 fencing in 1911 saved this forest from destruction by goats. Recently the Nature 30 Conservancy, in partnership with Castle & Cooke Resorts, replaced the fence and developed 31 a management plan for the 48 species of native plants. Many of these plants are being out- 32 planted to establish new restoration areas. The Lānaì Forest and Watershed Partnership 33 oversees 20,000 acres of lowland mesic (moderate) and dry communities, including 34 Lānaìhale acreage. The Lana’i Native Species Recovery Program has been receiving 35 Watershed Partnership Program funds to carry out invasive weed control, fence upgrading, 36 and fence maintenance. The focus is on fenced State Department of Land and Natural 37 Resources (DLNR) Priority I and II areas6, but future plans call for additional fencing, feral 38 animal removal and native plant restoration. DLNR and US Fish and Wildlife have been 39 working to keep conservation action on-going. 40 _____ 41 3. Lānaì Island Water Use & Development Plan, Dept of Water Supply, County of Maui, February 25, 2011 DWS Amended 42 Draft. 43 4, and 5. Stokes, Darrell. Final EA Lānaì hale Forest Stewardship Plan, Lānaì Company, August 2000. 44 6. DLNR, State of Hawaiì, The Rain Follows the Forest, 2011, Map page 5.

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1 The entire island is in the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary. 2 The Sanctuary was created by Congress in 1992 to protect humpback whales and their 3 habitat and constitutes one of the world’s most important humpback whale habitats. The 4 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the State of Hawai’i’s DLNR 5 jointly manage the Sanctuary. 6 7 On Lāna’i’s south shore the State DLNR’s Division of Aquatic Resources manages two areas 8 to protect ocean resources. These ocean resources, coastal reefs, fish, and mammal 9 species, are affected by excessive sediment and other water quality pollutants, recreational 10 over-use, and over-fishing. The Manele-Hulopo`e Marine Life Conservation District, 309 11 acres, was established in 1976 to protect species associated with shallow coral reef, sandy 12 beach, and rocky habitats; and to protect Hawaiian monk seals, green sea turtles, spinner 13 dolphins, and other marine mammals. The Manele Harbor Fishery Management Area sets 14 limits on fish harvest and defines the fishing season and fishing areas. 15 16 17 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 18 ______19 20 Issue 1: Forest ecosystems are declining due to erosion, loss of native species, 21 and an increase in invasive animal and plant species. 22 23 Strategy 1a: Increase public understanding of and support for the importance of forest 24 ecosystems and watersheds to both the environment and the economy. 25 Increase collaboration and stewardship to effectively implement actions. 26 Build on existing stewardship efforts and increase programs for community 27 groups, schools and individuals to become involved. 28 29 Strategy 1b: Increase efforts for prevention, control, and eradication. Evaluate existing 30 prevention policies to close loopholes, such as a lack of regulations for 31 imported nursery plant materials, or effective game management. Increase 32 public outreach to build support for funding inspectors, research, and control 33 or eradication. 34 35 Issue 2: Excessive eroded sediment from forests, agricultural lands, gulches, 36 and development sites enters surface and ocean waters. In addition, 37 golf courses, households, business, and farm practices may contribute 38 other pollutants, such as chemicals or fertilizers through discharges 39 into soil or water. 40 41 Strategy 2: Develop a landowner/business toolbox of green infrastructure best 42 management practices to intercept and reduce sediment and other pollution 43 sources in surface water run-off and coastal waters. 44

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL Lānaì’s land and water environments and natural resources must be 5 protected, restored, and preserved for future generations. 6 7 Objectives 8 9 • Increase fog drip by restoring the native forest on Lānaìhale. 10 11 • Reduce runoff by re-establishing ground cover in denuded areas around 12 the island. 13 14 • Increase infiltration for aquifer recharge. 15 16 • Reduce destruction of forests by invasive animal and plant species. 17 18 • Strengthen native forest ecosystems. 19 20 • Improve aquifer and marine water quality. 21 22 • Increase public stewardship of natural resources. 23 24 Policies 25 26 1. Protect, preserve, restore and enhance Lānaì’s existing forest ecosystem, 27 including Maunalei Gulch. 28 29 2. Protect existing, and potential, watershed recharge areas. 30 31 3. Protect and restore biodiversity, native habitats, and native plant and animal 32 species, through conservation, land management, education, and control of 33 invasive species.. 34 35 4. Recognize and support agricultural, forestry and game management as key 36 elements in maintaining, preserving and protecting Lānaì’s land, water and 37 marine resources. 38 39 5. Protect and, where appropriate, restore Lānaì’s coastal resources and water 40 quality through green infrastructure best management practices for surface water 41 management. 42 43 6. Support the Marine Life Conservation District at Manele/Hulopoe Bays. 44 45 7. Support maintaining and expanding the existing boundaries of the Kānepu'u 46 Preserve. 47 48 8. Support a system of floating preserves (adaptable areas of protection) as a 49 means of managing nearshore coastal resources. 50 51 9. Encourage and support the establishment and expansion of native plant species, 52 utilizing appropriate practices and techniques for propagation, planting, and 53 distribution of native plant species.

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1 Actions 2

Table 3.1 Environment and Natural Resources

No. Action Policy Lead Partners # County Agency

3.01 Map primary water recharge areas for highest 2 Dept of Planning Pūlama Lāna`i , or protection and restoration effort. assigns* Map secondary water recharge areas that may USGS be susceptible to pollutant infiltration.

3.02 Protect and restore both wet and dryland 1,3 Environmental DLNR forests. Coordinator Pūlama Lāna`i • Develop specific actions, baseline Community Groups survey maps, and key messages. Office of Economic • Increase implementation capacity and Development on-going stewardship. Maui Nui Seabird • Continue efforts to control feral Recovery Project’s animals. Lana’i Native • Conduct or coordinate public Species Recovery education and involvement events to Program and other increase community stewardship.. non-profit groups • Install interpretive signage, State Department • Educate shipping companies on of Education invasive species Lana’i Forest and • Develop native tree planting program Watershed and establish nursery. Partnership • Re-establish Forest and Watershed Partnership. Department of 5 Department of Public Works Develop a toolbox of green infrastructure best 3.03 Planning Non-profits management practices. State Greenway Program Department of Develop a toolbox of best management 3,4, 6 Department of Public Works 3.04 practices (BMPs) for use by citizens and Planning Environmental business to improve ecosystems and water Coordinator quality, in urban areas • Provide assistance or workshops on BMPs and education to change business and household practices Maintain a website for public education on water quality pollution prevention and BMPs.

Use system of roads or trails as firebreaks. 1,3 Fire Department Pūlama Lānaì 3.05 Construct small water storage reservoirs for DLNR fire suppression in consultation with the (see Action 7.25) landowner(s). * Future references to Pūlama Lānaì in the Action tables will include both Lānaì Resorts, LLC or assigns. 3

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1 Actions

Table 3.1 Environment and Natural Resources Actions

No. Action Policy Lead Partners # County Agency

Hold educational forums on the protection Environmental DLNR-DAR 3.06 of coastal waters to discuss current 6, 8 Coordinator activities and programs, e.g. Hawaiian Non-profits Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, or fish farms and water quality NOAA issues.

Coordinate with landowner(s) to construct Dept of Public Pūlama Lāna`i small-scale water retention projects to 2, 5 Works DLNR 3.07 increase infiltration to the aquifer and NRCS

control surface flow. Include bioretention Non-profits

methods to reduce sediment and nutrient loads from entering coastal waters.

Pūlama Lāna`i Conduct outreach to agricultural, Environmental College of Tropical ranching, and development interests to 4, 5 Coordinator Agriculture and 3.08 implement best management practices to Human Resources

reduce herbicides and pesticides. (CTAHR)

Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS)

Complete County inventory of scenic Dept. of Planning - DLNR 3.09 value lands to identify scenic resources. 1, 3, 7 LRD Combine and map scenic resources with State’s highest priority ecological areas to identify areas for protection.

Work with National Oceanic and Environmental Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to 6, 8 Coordinator 3.10 initiate a Lāna`i Makai Watch program to

provide education and community

involvement in the stewardship of the coastal areas.

3.11 Develop a quarantine and inspection Environmental State Department process for imported plant species. 1, 3, 4 Coordinator of Agriculture Pūlama Lāna`i

Work with Pūlama Lānaì to establish a Environmental DLNR 3.12 feral animal control program, conduct 1,3,4,7 Coordinator Pūlama Lānaì comprehensive study, and apply Lānaì Hunting appropriate game management Advisory Group techniques.

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1 4 | HAZARD MITIGATION

2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 Hazards from natural forces have been measured in Hawaiì since the early 1800s. Yet, 8 within communities, there is limited preparation for, and knowledge of, the different types of 9 hazards and their associated risks. In 2002 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published the 10 Atlas of Natural Hazards in the Hawaiian Coastal Zone that compiled the historical trends and 11 natural factors that influence whether a site is vulnerable to hazards. The USGS report 12 cautions that: 13 14 …given the small size of Hawaiì State, an area that does not have a 15 prerecorded history of a natural hazard occurrence does not preclude it from 16 being affected in the future.1 17 18 Hazard mitigation plans seek to reduce risk to people and property from natural and human 19 created hazards. The 2010 Maui County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan2 covers the natural 20 hazards (tsunamis, hurricanes, et al.) identified in the USGS report and several additional 21 hazards - dam failure, drought, wildfire, and hazardous substances. 22 23 24 Background 25 26 In the USGS report, historical records provide an estimated recurrence cycle of every 23 years 27 for a damaging tsunami reaching Molokai and Lānaì. However, it had been over fifty years 28 between the last damaging tsunami on Molokai in 1957 and the two recent tsunamis 29 generated by earthquakes in Chile (2010) and Japan (2011). Cost of damages to docks at 30 Mānele Bay from these last two tsunamis ranged from $1.5 million to $2 million, but no 31 human lives were lost. 32 33 Lana’i, as the most arid inhabited Hawaiian island, is at high risk for fire. Nine out of ten 34 wildfires are human caused and pose a high risk to human life, property, and natural 35 resources. Lānaì has been fortunate with only two wildfires in 27 years, but just these two 36 fires burned over 3500 acres. 37 38 Nationally, the topic that is challenging disaster recovery workers is how to build resiliency – the 39 bounce-back capabilities – into communities. First, people must recognize the inherent risks 40 involved in their choices of where and how to live. Then the community “adopts approaches that 41 eliminate, reduce, mitigate or transfer those risks in ways that make them more manageable 42 over the long haul” 3. 43 44 ______45 1. Fletcher, et al, Atlas of Natural Hazards in the Hawaiian Coastal Zone, United States Geological Survey, 2002, page 3‐1. 46 2. Martin & Chock, Maui County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2010. 47 3. Ben Brown, What is Resilience? In A Roadmap to Resilience: Towards a Healthier Environment, Society and Economy for South 48 Alabama. A Report by the Coastal Commission of Alabama, December 2010, page 4.05.

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1 2 Recent resilience studies have found the following: 3 4 Communities with strong disaster resilience capabilities were often those that 5 were already doing well at the things citizens and businesses most value – 6 having leaders that people trust and institutions that work, having a healthy 7 environment, having a regularly maintained infrastructure designed to 8 anticipate stresses, and having a flexible economy that provides 9 opportunities for broad cross-sections of workers and investors. 4 10 11 12 13 Existing Conditions 14 15 Hazardous conditions that have increased significantly over time are erosion, drought, and 16 the risk of sea-level rise with climate change. These hazards are affected by human 17 activities. With Lāna‘i City located at a high elevation, most of the community lives in a 18 relatively safe area from coastal flooding and tsunami dangers. However, recreational 19 activities take them to the remote Keomoku coastline or Mānele Bay - both areas are at high 20 risk from tsunamis. These low-lying coastal areas of the north/northeast and southern shores 21 are susceptible to coastal flooding, coastal inundation from tsunamis and sea level rise, and 22 storm surge. Areas of the tourist resort at Mānele and the entire campground at Hulopoe are 23 located in these inundation zones. 24 25 The entire island is subject to high drought conditions and is vulnerable to fire hazards. 26 Currently in Lāna‘i City there is one fire station with a five person crew, and at Mānele there is 27 not a fire station and only one paved access road.. For disaster warning there are two sirens 28 on island with a half-mile radius each. Sirens are located in Lana’i City and above Mānele 29 Resort. Helicopter(s) are used for warning the remote coastal areas. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ______49 4. Ben Brown, IBID, page 4.04 50 51

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1 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 2 3 4 5 Issue 1: There is low public awareness of disaster preparation, response, and 6 post-disaster recovery planning. 7 8 Strategy 1: An increase of local disaster preparation and inter-agency coordination will 9 improve community resiliency to disasters. Improve distribution of information 10 on disaster preparedness and response to community and visitors. 11 12 13 Issue 2: There is a high risk of wildfires on the entire island. 14 15 Strategy 2a: The State Division of Forestry and Wildlife and County of Maui Fire and Police 16 Departments need to coordinate the community’s response and evacuation 17 plan to wildfires. Distribute public information on fire prevention and 18 evacuation routes to community and resort employees. 19 20 Strategy 2b: Prepare by maintaining the fire breaks and evaluating the adequacy of the 21 water supply for fire emergencies. 22 23 24 Issue 3: Some Kaumalapa`u Harbor and Mānele Bay resort areas are located in 25 tsunami zones. 26 27 Strategy 3: Prepare for disaster response by the planned or phased relocation of critical 28 structures and long-term strategic retreat of buildings. 29 30 31 Issue 4: Sea level rise due to climate change will increase inundation and storm 32 surge risk to development in coastal areas. 33 34 Strategy 4: Coordinate with State agencies to obtain current sea level rise information and 35 maps. Plan phased relocation of critical structures and long-term strategic 36 retreat of buildings, and adequate setback of new development. 37

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL Lāna`i will be prepared for natural disasters. 5 6 7 Objectives 8  Increase community understanding of different hazards and how to 9 reduce damage or impacts. 10 11  Increase disaster preparation, response time, and inter-agency and 12 community coordination. 13 14  Ensure the community’s recovery needs post-disaster, including 15 adequate supplies to meet the community’s needs for two to four 16 weeks. 17 18  Formalize existing practices on the use of heavy equipment during 19 fires. 20 21 22 Policies 23 1. Promote public preparation and involvement related to risk 24 reduction from hazards. 25 26 2. Adopt risk management approaches that eliminate, reduce, 27 mitigate, or transfer hazard risks. 28 29 3. Encourage greater community resiliency through economic 30 diversity, healthy environment, maintained infrastructure, and 31 hazard preparedness. 32 33 4. Locate all critical infrastructure out of the evacuation and 34 inundation zones of projected future sea levels. 35 36 5. Improve hurricane building standards to protect life and property. 37 38 6. Encourage review of the Special Management Area (SMA) to 39 reduce risk from hazards.

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Table 4.1 Hazard Mitigation Actions

No. Action County Partners Agency

Establish Lāna`i - based Community Coordinator for County of Maui Emergency Operations. Civil Defense 4.01  Develop community volunteer network to assist Police Dept. emergency responders.

Implement the Maui County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, and Civil Defense 4.02 subsequent updates, as far as it is consistent with the Lāna‘i Police Dept. Community Plan.

Seek community information on possible hazardous waste sites Civil Defense 4.03 buried decades ago, investigate, and use remediation when State DOH

needed. Pūlama Lāna`i Distribute information on hazard-mitigation: - Disaster planning, evacuation routes and formalized

evacuation plans, and shelter location, Civil Defense - Steps that homeowners or businesses can take to Fire Department 4.04 strengthen and harden their buildings against disasters, Environmental - Fire prevention, Coordinator - Household and small business best management practices for

toxics (heavy metals) and hazardous waste disposal (include pharmaceuticals). Identify whether additional shelter space is needed that is capable of withstanding hurricane force winds or other natural 4.05 hazards, and the potential locations. Provide back-up resources Civil Defense to have communication and emergency services if power is out.

Identify critical infrastructure, lifelines, roads, and structures that are vulnerable to coastal hazards and develop a more 4.06 coordinated emergency response system of well-defined and Civil Defense Pūlama Lānaì mapped evacuation routes. Distribute emergency response Four Seasons information at camping sites and through school programs. DLNR- DOFA Identify critical infrastructure, lifelines, roads, and structures that Volunteer Fire are vulnerable to wildfires and develop a more coordinated Crew (State 4.07 emergency response system of well-defined and mapped Fire Department trained) evacuation routes. Train volunteers for community response Pūlama Lānaì and for fire-fighting crews. Four Seasons Work with the community and Pūlama Lānaì to develop a post- 4.08 Civil Defense Pūlama Lānaì disaster recovery and reconstruction plan to increase resilience. Dept. of Public Strengthen building code to prevent or reduce destruction of 4.09 Works Dept. of Planning land and property from natural hazards.

Provide information and opportunities to participate in Civil Defense Department of 4.10 discussions on the impacts that climate change may have on the Fire Dept. Planning community. Encourage buildings that can withstand Category 4 hurricanes Civil Defense Department of 4.11 and that can be used as a temporary shelter during Fire Dept. Planning emergencies. Develop detailed mapping of hazards and review, and provide Department of 4.12 Civil Defense recommendations to revise, if needed, SMA boundary line. Planning 1

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1 5 | CULTURAL, HISTORIC, & SCENIC RESOURCES 2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 The island of Lāna‘i is fortunate that most of the artifacts and structures of early Hawaiian 8 settlement and the plantation era remain in good to excellent condition (see Map 5.1). With 9 vast areas remaining in open space, sites still could be discovered. Today, the center of the 10 community is Dole Park – built in the 1920s and surrounded by residential and commercial 11 plantation buildings regularly used by community members. The Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage 12 Center and other non-profit organizations are active in preserving, documenting, studying, 13 and organizing programs for cultural and historical resources. Since less than four percent 14 of the land is designated urban, the island residents and visitors have an abundance of 15 scenic resources in forests, historic landscapes, agricultural and open land. 16 17 18 Background 19 20 Lāna‘i’s Keōmoku coast, stretching from Maunalei to Kahalepalaoa along the island’s 21 windward side, is known to have significant archaeological resources and historic sites from 22 both Lāna‘i’s pre-western contact and sugar plantation period. Early residents constructed 23 lo‘i kalo (taro pond terraces) along the island’s only perennial stream in Maunalei Valley. 24 These terraces still exist today. Within sheltered coves along the coast, Native Hawaiians 25 constructed loko i‘a (fishponds). The Maunalei Sugar Company developed a narrow gauge 26 railroad between Keōmoku Village and Kahalepalaoa, and constructed a wharf at 27 Kahalepalaoa. Material remains of the plantation include the wharf foundation stones and 28 Buddhist cemetery at Kahalepalaoa, segments of the railroad beds, remnants of the sugar 29 mill, a church and associated cemetery at Keōmoku, and numerous buried structural 30 foundations in the former village. 31 32 Cultural artifacts and structures have been partially documented throughout the island by 33 early archaeological surveys conducted by Kenneth Emory and the Bishop Museum in the 34 1920’s and 1970’s. The Maui County Cultural Resources Survey1 identified about half of the 35 sites noted in the previous surveys and reports that the complexes and sites are in good to 36 excellent condition and have changed little since they were studied in 1974. The survey notes 37 that these historic resources have tremendous potential to add to the knowledge about this 38 important chapter of Lāna‘i’s history. Further field work has revealed that many previously 39 unrecorded sites occur around the island. 40 41 ______42 1. Maui County Cultural Resources Survey, Pacific Legacy, October 2009.

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1 Existing Conditions 2 3 Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center serves as the home for many artifacts collected on Lāna‘i, 4 as well as the lead for cultural and historical information, programs, and activities. Current 5 stewardship programs are focused on stabilizing Ka Lanakila Church, and other sites on the 6 Keōmoku Coast, and preserving the last harvesting machine. Through grants from the Office 7 of Hawaiian Affairs, the center has recently conducted an ethnographic study, traditional 8 cultural properties study, and limited archaeological reconnaissance survey for the Ka‘ā 9 ahupua‘a in the northwest region of the island2. Most of the documented sites were not 10 previously described, indicating that a full archaeological survey of the area is needed to 11 adequately document sites and assess the full cultural significance of the region. The center 12 has also published historical references such as E ‘Ike Hou Iā Lāna‘i – To Know Lāna‘i Once 13 Again: A Historical Reference and Guide to the Island of Lāna‘i and other documents that 14 educate the public about these important resources. 15 16 Early archaeological studies have documented sites including massive heiau complexes at 17 Ka‘enaiki, Lōpā, Kāhe‘a and Kaunolū. There are also sites associated with major ali‘i such as 18 Kalani‘ōpu‘u at the fortified ridge of Ho‘okio and Kamehameha I at Kaunolū. There are 19 numerous small settlements including Hulupo‘e, Kapiha‘a, and Kalamanui and abundant 20 petroglyph sites such as Luahiwa, Kahe‘a, and Kaunolū. The Luahiwa petroglyph complex is 21 one of Hawai‘i most important with over 1,000 ancient stone carvings. 22 23 Lāna‘i City has a truly unique character and it symbolizes an important part of the island’s 24 history. Dole Park town square remains the center of most commercial and community 25 activities and is an important resource for Lāna‘i residents, visitors, and Pūlama Lāna‘i. While 26 design guidelines currently exist for the Business Country Town (BCT) District, there is no 27 clear strategy to protect the town’s numerous historic structures. A number of historic 28 structures have already been demolished, including the old firehouse and old post office. 29 30 In the past, meetings were held between the Lāna‘i community and Castle and Cooke 31 Resorts (CCR) in an effort to support the overall goal of preserving the historic character of 32 Lāna‘i City. Proposed methods discussed include utilizing the BCT zoning ordinance, BCT 33 Design Guidelines, and nominating the area for designation on the National Register of 34 Historic Places. 35 36 Scenic views and scenic view corridors are abundant and diverse on Lāna‘i. Scenic views 37 combine land, sky, sea, historic structures at a variety of scales and locations: urban, rural, 38 agricultural, or open natural spaces. Views of nature - ocean, hill slopes, valleys, ridgelines 39 or coastlines - are abundant from roadways that cross the island or follow the coast. The 40 Maui County General Plan 2030 Scenic & Historic Resources report provides guidance on 41 visual quality ratings based on eleven factors: land-sky interface, landform, land cover, water- 42 form, surprise, clutter, unique visual element, magnitude, distinctiveness, intactness, and

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1 draw3. For Lāna‘i, a photo inventory of scenic resources was conducted and mapped, but not 2 rated for resource value. 3 ______4 2. Maly, Kepa and Onaona Hanohano Lāna‘I - Lāna‘i is Distinguished, An Ethnography of Ka‘ā Ahupua‘a and the 5 Island of Lāna‘i, The Lāna‘i Cultural and Heritage Center, May 201. 6 3. Maui County General Plan 2030 Scenic & Historic resources, Inventory & Mapping Methodology Reports, Chris 7 Hart & Partners, Inc., June 2006 8 9 10 11 12 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 13 14

15 Issue 1: Lāna‘i City’s historic buildings are being lost to demolition and/or 16 neglect. 17 18 Strategy 1: Protect Lāna‘i’s unique small town character and plantation heritage by 19 supporting collaborative efforts to develop a vision and master plan for 20 preservation of Lāna‘i City historic resources. 21 22 Issue 2: Cultural and archaeological sites are vulnerable to destruction, theft, 23 and environmental degradation. 24 25 Strategy 2: Prioritize areas for protection, preservation, and restoration based on new 26 and completed inventories, studies, and mapping that identify areas of high 27 concentration of cultural significance or historical structures. 28 29 Issue 3: Cultural and environmental degradation affects the ability of 30 contemporary Hawaiian cultural practitioners to practice their 31 traditional lifestyles, including subsistence practices. 32 33 Strategy 3: Revive traditional resource management practices and local stewardship to 34 protect, or restore, cultural and natural resources that are essential to 35 traditional Hawaiian cultural practices. Community place-based 36 traditional resource management can be combined with other resource 37 management practices and regulations to build community stewardship, and 38 to ensure the continuation of traditional and subsistence practices. 39 40 Issue 4: Scenic resources are vulnerable when not identified. 41 42 Strategy 4: Integrate scenic resources into mapping and protection efforts for historic 43 and cultural resources. The community can identify viewsheds that are 44 vulnerable to impacts from development.

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1 C. GOAL, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL Lāna‘i’s diverse cultural, archaeological, historic resources and practices, 5 and scenic resources will be protected for future generations. 6 7 Policies 8 1. Protect Lāna‘i City’s historically significant buildings, plantation era city 9 design, and plantation cultural resources. (see Appendix 5.1). 10 11 2. Protect all significant archaeological sites, historical and cultural resources 12 throughout Lāna‘i (see Appendix 5.1). 13 14 3. Investigate and encourage the nomination of historic sites and structures to 15 the State and National registers (see Appendix 5.1). 16 17 4. Support an annual, or more if there are Lāna‘i topics, County of Maui Cultural 18 Resources Committee meeting on Lāna‘i. 19 20 5. Support all Lāna‘i based organization’s cultural and historic educational, 21 restoration and stewardship events, and on-going maintenance of sites.. 22 23 6. Support the protection and preservation of Lāna‘i’s historic and cultural 24 resources through controlled, informed, and guided access to historic, 25 archaeological and culturally important sites. 26 27 7. Support protection of Luahiwa petroglyphs from human disturbance and 28 hillside erosion. 29 30 8. Support and maintain the Lāna‘i Archaeological Committee (LAC). 31 32 9. Support access for subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering. 33 34 10. Support protection of native Hawaiian rights customarily and traditionally 35 exercised for subsistence, cultural, and religious purposes in accordance 36 with the Hawai‘i State Constitution (Article XII, Section 7) and Hawai‘i law. 37 38 11. Restrict or mitigate development’s impact to historic, cultural, natural or 39 scenic resources. 40 41 12. Protect scenic roadway views and significant view corridors and view-sheds. 42 Protect significant views of ridgelines and hill-slopes to maintain open space 43 scenic character. 44 45 13. Increase community awareness, appreciation, and stewardship of Lāna‘i’s 46 historical and cultural resources. 47 48 14. Support an expanded Special Management Area (SMA) boundary in order to 49 help protect cultural and archaeological sites.

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1 Actions

Table 5.1 - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Resources Actions

Policy No. No. Action County Agency Partners

Facilitate community meetings to determine the best methods for protecting and Lāna‘i preserving the historic character of Lāna‘i Department of Archaeological City. 1, 3, 4, 7, Planning Committee (LAC) 5.01 - Educate property owners on the benefits 10, 12 of historic designation. Lāna‘i Culture & - Provide technical support to property Heritage Center owners pursuing the nomination process. Pūlama Lāna‘i

Uhane Pohaku No Department of Moku O Hawai‘i Planning Develop a comprehensive cultural resource Pūlama Lāna‘i 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, Cultural protection plan for the entire coast. Non-profit 5.02 8, 10 Resource Conduct feasibility study for Federation organizations Committee Camp restoration and fisherman shacks. (CRC) Conduct study for Maunalei Gulch. Lāna‘i Culture &

Heritage Center Non-profit organizations Inventory and identify old plantation camps. Department of 5.03 1, 2, 3 Lāna‘i Culture & Planning Heritage Center

Non-profit organizations Restore and preserve the Brown House Department of Lāna‘i Culture & 5.04 1, 3 (Social Hall) for continued community use. Planning Heritage Center Pūlama Lāna‘i

Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center Uhane Lāna‘i Community Provide educational materials, websites, OED Association events, and visitor brochures to educate Lāna‘i Chamber of and involve the community and visitors with 1, 2, 3, 5.05 Department of Commerce Lāna‘i’s history, cultural resources and 5, 12 Planning Non-profit cultural practices. Support cultural and organizations historical festivals at Dole Park. LAC Pūlama Lāna‘i Four Seasons Resorts LAC Non-profit Include visitors and community members in organizations 5.06 public involvement events and restoration OED Lāna‘i Culture & projects. Heritage Center Pūlama Lāna‘i Four Seasons 2

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Table 5.1 - Cultural, Historic, and Scenic Resources Actions

No. Action Policy No. County Agency Partners

LAC Non-profit Increase support of all Lāna‘i based non- OED organizations profit organizations seeking additional 4, 12 Department of Lāna‘i Culture & 5.07 funding sources for community Planning Heritage Center stewardship. Pūlama Lāna‘i

Lāna‘i Culture & Support the current list, and the addition Heritage Center of sites, of significant historic properties

5.08 on the State and National “Register of 3, 7 Department of LAC Historic Places” . Planning Pūlama Lāna‘i

State DLNR - Na Hale Trail and Collaborate with State and community Access program groups, such as the ‘Aha Moku Council Non-profit or similar Hawaiian advisory council, to 2, 5, 8, Mayor’s Office organizations 5.09 implement an ahupua’a / moku-based 9, 12 Environmental LAC natural and cultural resources Coordinator Lāna‘i Culture & management system to protect sensitive Heritage Center cultural sites, trails, and landscapes. Pūlama Lāna‘i

LAC Non-profits

Develop a comprehensive cultural 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Lāna‘i Culture & 5.10 Department of resource protection plan for Lāna‘i. 10, 11, 12 Heritage Center Planning Pūlama Lāna‘i

Complete visual inventory and analysis Non-profit of key scenic corridors and view-sheds. organizations

Develop best management practices for 5.11 10, 11, 12 Department of development to protect identified priority Lāna‘i Culture & Planning view corridors or viewsheds. Heritage Center

Non-profit organizations Provide education on Lāna‘i scenic best 10, 11, 12 Department of management practices (per Action 5.11) 5.12 Planning Lāna‘i Culture & Heritage Center Identify and map cultural, historic, and LAC archaeological sites that are within or Non-profits near the SMA boundary and develop 2, 9, 5.13 Department of Lāna‘i Culture & recommendations for expansion, either 11, 14 Planning Heritage Center horizontal or vertical distance, of SMA, if

needed. 2

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1 6 | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 Lānaì faces a number of unique and limiting factors that present challenges to its economic 8 development. An isolated, small island, with a finite water supply, small population, and 9 dependence on a single primary industry – luxury tourism – mean that finding ways to sustain a 10 thriving and diverse economy is difficult and requires careful consideration and collaboration 11 among the County, the major landowner, the State and the community. The island’s challenge 12 for the 21st Century is to find and establish sustainable economic engines that will sustain the 13 population of the island while not depleting the Island’s precious natural, environmental, cultural 14 and historic resources. 15 16 17 Background 18 19 In 1922 James Dole’s Hawaiian Pineapple Company purchased Lānaì island and established 20 what would become the world’s largest pineapple plantation. Pineapple dominated Lānaì’s 21 economy for 70 years and had significant influence on the development of the island and its 22 population. Within three years of purchasing the island, Lānaì City was planned and building 23 commenced; the Hotel Lānaì was established, and Kaumalapaù Harbor was developed. 24 Lānaì became known as the Pineapple Island, as thousands of acres were used to grow 25 pineapple, and Hawaiian Pineapple Company employed the vast majority of the workers on the 26 island for well over 50 years. 27 28 Dole Plantation merged with Castle & Cooke in 1961 and in 1985 David Murdock bought Castle 29 & Cooke, acquiring 98 percent of the island. With increasing competition from Latin America and 30 the Philippines, the 1980s and 1990s brought declining profitability for pineapple. Under 31 Murdock’s direction, Lānaì’s economy shifted from agricultural-based to tourism-based. The 32 Lodge at Kōèle opened in 1990 and the Mānele Bay Hotel opened one year later. The last 33 pineapple harvest occurred in 1992. While many Lānaì residents made the shift from plantation 34 agriculture employment to work in the visitor industry, there was also some out-migration 35 experienced after the closure of pineapple operations. 36 37 In 2012, David Murdock sold most of his holding on Lānaì to Larry Ellison who established a 38 new management company, Pūlama Lānaì. 39 40

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1 Existing Conditions 2 3 Lānaì’s economy is heavily dependent on luxury resort tourism and resort real estate sales. 4 There is very little activity in any other economic sector; thus, the success or failure of the resorts 5 is critical. The island’s two luxury resorts and associated resort real estate have not achieved 6 the occupancy and profitability originally anticipated and struggled during the recent economic 7 downturn. Both the Kō‘ele and Mānele Project Districts have only developed to half of the 8 original planned size and only 10% of the entitled resort housing units have been sold or built. 9 The recession of 2008-2011 hit Lānaì’s economy hard; the island’s largest employers - Castle & 10 Cooke Resorts and resort manager Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts - laid off substantial 11 numbers of workers. With the island’s almost complete dependence on tourism, many Lānaì 12 residents found themselves without other employment options following the economic downturn. 13 As a result, the island experienced some out-migration of residents. 14 15 Outside of the two luxury resorts, Lānaì has very limited visitor accommodations. Visitors 16 seeking more affordable alternatives have the choice between the 10-room Hotel Lānaì and a 17 few B&Bs. Lānaì currently has only one permitted B&Bs or vacation rental. Lānaì airline 18 passenger fares to and from Honolulu have consistently remained the highest or second highest 19 in the state. Delays and cancellations have presented recurring difficulties. Much of this reflects 20 the limited capacity of Lānaì Airport to accommodate larger planes, making ferry service all that 21 much more necessary. Because of air service problems, ferries are far more important for 22 Lānaì than for any other island, providing relatively inexpensive and frequent service to and from 23 Maui. 24 25 Diversification of Lānaì’s economy has been identified as a key factor in the long-term economic 26 health of the island. Since the change in ownership, Pūlama Lānaì has presented preliminary 27 plans for the future of Lānaì that include measures to address economic diversification. They 28 have proposed making strategic infrastructure investments that include adding a second airport 29 runway, harbor improvements, and expansion of support facilities. In order to address the critical 30 water supply issue, Pūlama Lānaì plans to invest in water desalinization facilities, to improve 31 management of the watershed, and to promote conservation and re-use of water. They intend to 32 develop more solar power generation capacity and implement smart grid technology. 33 34 Agricultural consultants are studying ways to revive commercial agriculture as a key component 35 of the island economy. They are working on identifying production crops suitable both for export 36 and for local consumption in order to reduce island dependency on food imports. Pūlama Lānaì 37 plans to improve and diversify the hospitality industry at the Kō‘ele and Mānele resorts and they 38 would like to build a third resort at Kahalepalaoa. They have proposed creating a robust 39 education sector by improving K-12 education and by building a world class research institute to 40 study sustainability and endangered species in cooperation with the University of Hawaii. They 41 would also like to foster the growth of small businesses by providing business support in key 42 areas such as marketing and human resources and by making more commercial and industrial 43 space available both for lease and for sale.

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1 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 2 3 4 Issue 1: Lānaì’s economy is too reliant on the single industry of luxury tourism. 5 6 Strategy 1a: Diversify Lānaì’s economy by attracting and developing new industries and 7 providing appropriate infrastructure and supply of commercial and industrial 8 spaces for new businesses. 9 10 Strategy 1b: Provide support and education for small business creation and management, 11 financial literacy, and community economic development. 12 13 Strategy 1c: Revitalize commercial agriculture and promote the growth of small scale 14 agriculture. 15 16 17 Issue 2: Tourism, including tourist accommodations and activities, are targeted 18 only to the luxury market. 19 20 Strategy 2a: Create a greater variety of tourist accommodations and activities aimed at 21 ‘alternative’ tourist markets. 22 23 Strategy 2b: Support the development of regulations for B&Bs, Transient Vacation Rentals 24 (TVRs) guest houses and small hotels that are appropriate for the unique 25 visitor market on Lānaì. 26 27 28 Issue 3: Limited transportation to the island contributes to the high cost of goods 29 and services and low numbers of tourists. 30 31 Strategy 3: Advocate for greater service to and from Lānaì with airlines, cargo, and 32 passenger ferry services. 33 34 35 Issue 4: Limited pool of qualified trained workers on Lānaì limits local 36 employment and recruitment of new business. 37 38 Strategy 4: Support workforce training and educational programs in order to develop an 39 ample pool of highly qualified workers.

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL A stable, sustainable and diverse economy that is consistent and compatible 5 with Lāna‘i’s rural island lifestyle. 6 7 Objectives 8  Increase the diversification within Lānaì’s economy. 9 10  Expand education and support services for small businesses and agriculture. 11 12  Diversify Lānaì’s tourism sector by attracting other market segments. 13 14  Expand sea and air transportation options for Lānaì. 15 16  Re-establish sustainable agriculture on Lānaì based on the traditional ahupua‘a 17 system. 18 19 Policies 20 1. Identify, plan, and implement new industries and business to attract to the island – 21 such as tv/film production and post-production, agricultural operations, aquaculture, 22 information technology. 23 24 2. Support improvements in educational programs at all levels to ensure a well 25 educated workforce. 26 27 3. Support the development of scalable sustainable agriculture. 28 29 4. Support the (re) establishment of a Community Development Organization. 30 31 5. Support small business assistance, training and vocational programs. 32 33 6. Support the growth of kamaàina tourism, cultural tourism, eco-tourism, agri- 34 tourism, sports tourism, hunting tourism, and other alternative tourism ventures. 35 36 7. Support the growth of permitted B&Bs, small inns, guest houses, and other 37 alternative lodging units. 38 39 8. Advocate for Lānaì’s interests with shippers, airlines, and regulators. 40 . 41 9. Encourage and support leases and fee simple land ownership options for 42 commercial and industrial properties 43 Actions

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Table 6.1 – Economic Development

Lead County Policy No No. Action Agency Partners

Lānaì Office of Changes Create a Rural Communities Economic Development Economic MEO – 6.01 Specialist position that will address Lānaì economic 1, 2, 3 Development business development challenges and opportunities. 5, 8 (OED) development center University of Hawaii (UH) College of Develop an Agricultural Strategic Plan for Lānaì with Tropical 6.02 attention to assisting both larger agri-businesses and OED 1, 3, 8 Agriculture small farms. and Human Resources (CTAHR) Department of Agriculture Work with farmers to refer them to State and Federal loan 6.03 OED Farm Service and grant programs. 3 Agency Hawaii UH Maui Support small business training and loan program College 6.04 2, 5 OED providers. Pūlama Lānaì

Partner with MEO Small Business Development Program Maui to provide economic education workshops on Lānaì to 6.05 OED Economic increase the overall level of financial literacy among all 2, 5 Opportunity, residents. Inc. (MEO) Lānaì Identify funding source and establish a Community Changes 6.06 OED Development Organization 4 Pūlama Lānaì

Hawaii Visitors and

Convention Develop an Alternative Tourism Strategic Plan to guide Bureau 6.07 diversification of Lana`i’s tourism sector including 1, 6, 7 OED Maui Visitor’s activities, lodging, and marketing. Bureau and its

Lāna`i chapter Pūlama Lāna`i

Assess alternative shipping options including utilizing the Expeditions 6.08 6, 8 OED ferry as a small cargo carrier between Maui and Lana’i. and others.

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1 2

Table 6.1 – Economic Development

Action Policy No. Partners No. County Agency

Public Utilities Work with inter-island shippers and the Public Utilities Commission 6.09 Commission to keep shipping costs affordable and 8 OED Expeditions service frequency adequate. Young Brothers

State Work with the State Department of Transportation to 6.10 1, 8 Public Works Department of implement commercial harbor improvements. Transportation

Work with inter-island airlines to keep airfares Island Air affordable and service frequency adequate to 6.11 8 OED Hawaiian Air accommodate Lāna`i visitors, residents, and Mokulele Air businesses.

State Department of 6.12 Work with the State Department of Transportation to 8 OED Transportation expedite continued airport improvements. Pūlama Lāna`i Support the development of lease and fee simple

commercial and industrial properties for small Planning 6.13 9 Pūlama business and operations. Mayor’s Office Lāna`i

Develop state-of-the-art information and communications Pūlama Lāna`i technology infrastructure to support community education Hawaiian 6.14 2, 5 OED and business development/recruitment. Telecom Sandwich Isles

6.15 Establish agricultural programs at the community college. 2 ,3, 5 OED UHMC

Provide business courses to farm owners and agricultural Department of 6.16 entrepreneurs. 2 ,3, 5 OED Agriculture CTAHR

Establish vocational programs such as the Future Department of Farmers of America Program and 4H at Lāna`i High Education 6.17 2 ,3, 5 OED School. Hawai‘i FFA Foundation 4H

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1 7 | INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES 2 3 4 5 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 6 7 Known throughout much of the 20th Century as the Pineapple Island, Lānaì has, since the 8 end of the pineapple plantation, become more well known as a tourist destination. While 9 close to 98% of the island’s land area is owned by a single land owner, the infrastructure and 10 public services on the Island are a mixture of publicly and privately owned facilities. The 11 major landowner, Pūlama Lānaì , owns and operates the Island’s water utility company and 12 wastewater treatment plant and pump stations at Mānele, a tertiary wastewater treatment 13 plant at Lānaì City. The County of Maui owns and operates the Lānaì City Wastewater 14 Treatment Facility (WWTF) and a number of other infrastructure systems – and provides 15 significant public services, such as Police, Fire protection, Parks and Recreation. The Maui 16 Electric Company owns and operates the major electric power plant. Pūlama Lānaì owns 17 and operates the Photovoltaic farm. Most major paved roads on the island are either under 18 the County or State jurisdiction. The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation – Airports 19 Division operates the Lānaì Airport, while the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation – 20 Harbors Division operates Kaumalaupaù Harbor. The Department of Lands and Natural 21 Resources operates the Mānele Small Boat Harbor and Lānaì High and Elementary School 22 is part of the State’s Department of Education public school system. 23 24 25 26 WATER 27 28 29 A. INTRODUCTION 30 31 Unlike the other main Hawaiian islands, Lānaì has only one aquifer. Geologially, Lānaì’s 32 aquifer is made up of two sub-aquifers: Leeward and Windward. Each has a sustainable yield 33 of 3 million gallons per day (MGD), for a total island sustainable yield of 6 MGD. Current 34 (2013) metered pumpage totals approximately 1.8 MGD. The sustainable yield of Lānaì’s 35 aquifer is approximately 6 MGD. Although the 1.8 MGD represents approximately 30% of the 36 total sustainable yield, most of 1.8 million gallons that is pumped daily is coming from the 37 Leeward sub-aquifer. Hydrologists have cautioned against this practice and instead 38 recommended increased redundancy or spreading the pumpage throughout both sub- 39 aquifers. The Mānele Project District uses approximately 1.0 MGD of total potable and 40 brackish water or about 66% of total water used. 1 41

1 Information in this section is from the Water Use and Development Plan, County of Maui, February 2011.

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1 B: ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 2 3 4 Issue 1: Degradation of the Lānaì Hale forest ecosystem has the potential to 5 affect the long term viability of the aquifer’s ability to recharge, thus the 6 potential to decrease the Island’s sustainable yield of water. 7 8 Issue 2: Over pumpage of any well can alter the water quality of the well and its 9 production. In addition, the aquifer’s water quality can be negatively 10 affected by non-point source pollution that can infiltrate the water 11 through the ground. 12 13 Strategy 1+2: Protect the Lānaì Hale watershed system and groundwater aquifers through 14 programmatic measures, Federal, State and County regulatory requirements 15 and community involvement and education. Clearly identify recharge areas 16 that are highly susceptible to pollution. 17 18 Issue 3: A large portion of the existing water infrastructure dates from the 19 pineapple days and has not had significant upgrades. As a result, 20 water loss has been higher than industry-accepted standards. 21 Although the water purveyor has decreased leakage over the past few 22 years, especially in the Palawai Basin, continued leak detection and 23 remediation is essential to preserving water resources. 24 25 Strategy 3: Continue the Lānaì Water Company’s leak detection program and identify 26 areas of needed repair and program improvement. 27 28 Issue 4: With Lānaì’s limited water resources, continued conservation and 29 water efficiency measures are required to decrease demand as 30 development in Kōèle, Mānele and other areas proceed. 31 32 Strategy 4: Continue to improve existing conservation measures that result in lower 33 water demand. 34 35 Issue 5: Based on the adopted Water Use and Development Plan, build-out of 36 the Island requires an alternative source of water to supplement the 37 existing groundwater source. The alternative water source must not be 38 from the Lānaì High Level aquifer system. 39 40 Strategy 5: Explore the option of developing alternative water sources, such as 41 desalination. Initiate planning and design to direct the development of an 42 alternative water source that will be used to supplement the existing high 43 level aquifer water source.

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, ISSUES, STRATEGIES 2 3 4 5 GOAL Lāna’i will have a sufficient supply of potable and non-potable water 6 provided in an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective manner. 7 8 9 Objectives 10  Supply water in sufficient quantities to meet the community’s growing 11 and diverse needs. 12 13  Improve the long-term efficiency, reliability and capacity of the island’s 14 water infrastructure to reduce leakage. 15 16 17 Policies 18 1. Work with the State and landowner(s) to ensure that water resource 19 management is based on best planning practices. 20 21 2. Support the implementation and monitoring of the Water Use and 22 Development Plan by ‘home rule’ – that is, by a committee of Lānaì 23 residents in collaboration with the water purveyor and regulatory 24 agencies that have responsibility over Lānaì’s water. 25 26 3. Protect the long-term health of the Lānaì Hale watershed for 27 groundwater water recharge. 28 29 4. Encourage and improve data exchange and coordination among 30 Federal, State, County and private land use planning and water resource 31 management agencies. 32 33 5. Ensure the planning, repair, replacement or removal of aging, damaged 34 and leaking water infrastructure occurs in an efficient and timely manner. 35 36 6. Increase water conservation using demand-side management through 37 education, incentives, and regulations. 38 39 7. Initiate the planning, design and development of an alternative water 40 source that must be used to supplement the existing high level aquifer. 41 42

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1 Actions

Table 7.1 – Infrastructure – Water Lead Policy No County No. Action Agency Partners

Commission on Water Resource Monitor and implement the Water Use and Development Management 7.01 Plan. 1, 2 (CWRM ) Lāna`i Water Co, Pūlama Lāna`i LWAC

Support a Memorandum of Agreement between Pūlama CWRM Lānaì LLC and the community to create a Lānaì Water Lānaì Water Co, 7.02 Use and Development Committee that would monitor and 1, 2 Pūlama Lānaì implement the Water Use and Development Plan LWAC

CWRM DLNR Develop and implement a comprehensive watershed NOAA 7.03 protection plan, that would maximize fog drip and 1, 3 Fish and Wildlife recharge. Lānaì Forest & Watershed Partnership CWRM Develop and/or continue to support public and quasi- Lānaì Water Co. 7.04 public partnerships to protect and restore the island’s 1, 3 Pūlama Lānaì watershed and maximize aquifer recharge. Watershed Partnership

7.05 Implement the County’s Wellhead Protection Strategy. 1, 2 Lānaì Water Co. Prepare an evaluation of the status of available water resources on the island if the Commission on Water CWRM 7.06 1, 3 Resource Management identifies major flaws in the Lānaì Water Co. monthly water status reports Continue the use of the recycled or brackish water for Lānaì Water Co. 7.07 irrigation. Pūlama Lānaì Develop a water rate structure that encourages CWRM 7.08 conservation. 1 Lānaì Water Co.

Continue to improve landscape planting and irrigation Planning Lāna`i Water Co. 7.09 guidelines that encourage drought tolerant plants and 1 Dept. water conserving irrigation systems. Pūlama Lāna`i

Continue to implement leak detection and repair 5 7.10 Lānaì Water Co. programs. Cover the 15 MG brackish reservoir to reduce Lānaì Water Co. 7.11 1 evaporation. Plant more trees and foliage on the Hale and other areas to 1, 3 7.12 Pūlama Lānaì capture fog drip and help recharge the aquifer.

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1 WASTEWATER 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 Wastewater collection and treatment is managed on Lānaì by both the County of Maui 7 Department of Environmental Management Wastewater Reclamation Division and Pūlama 8 Lānaì or its subsidiaries. The majority of wastewater generated in Lāna’i City is conveyed 9 though gravity pipelines to the County owned and operated wastewater treatment plant 10 (WWTF). There are, however, a few subdivisions in Lānaì City that require a small pump 11 station. These pump stations are owned and operated by Pūlama Lānaì or its subsidiaries. 12 The wastewater generated in Lānaì City and the Kōèle Project District are treated by the 13 County WWTF. The treated effluent from the County WWTF then flows to the Pūlama Lānaì 14 Auxiliary Wastewater Treatment Facility where the wastewater is further treated to R-1 15 standard wastewater. The R-1 wastewater produced is stored in a 10 MGD reservoir and 16 eventually pumped to the Experience at Kōèle Golf Course for irrigation purposes. 17 18 The County’s treatment plant has a designed capacity of 500,000 gallons per day (GPD) and 19 the 2012 wastewater processed was approximately 302,000 GPD (0.30 MGD), or 60% of 20 capacity. In 2009 the County performed an inspection of the high capacity sewer pipes and 21 pipes with higher failure potential; the investigation revealed that the sewer collection system 22 was mostly in satisfactory condition. The Pūlama Lānaì wastewater facility in Lānaì City has 23 a designed capacity of 400,000 GPD and current wastewater flow is approximately 245,446 24 GPD or 61% of capacity. 25 26 Pūlama Lānaì and its subsidiaries also own and operate the Mānele WWTF that services the 27 Four Seasons Resort at Mānele Bay, Mānele Small Boat Harbor, and the Mānele Project 28 District. The treatment facility has a designed capacity of 140,000 GPD and current flow is 29 77,281 GPD (or 55% of capacity). Wastewater is treated to R-1 quality and used in its 30 entirety as irrigation water at the Challenge at Mānele golf course. 31 32 There are no major injection wells on Lānaì ; however, some properties in Lānaì City – 33 above the Hotel Lānaì and below the new houses at Kōèle are served by individual septic 34 systems.

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1 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 2 3 4 Issue 1: Insufficient wastewater treatment capacity in the near future. Expected 5 growth in the number of households to 2035 will not create wastewater 6 flow in excess of capacity. However, if actual growth exceeds 2035 7 projections, the facility’s capacity will be inadequate. 8 9 Strategy 1: Monitor growth on the island and prepare a facilities plan when 75% of the 10 WWTF’s capacities are reached, as per State Department of Health (DOH) 11 guidelines. 12 13 14 Issue 2: Wastewater Treatment Plants are expensive to build and expand. 15 16 Strategy 2: Explore options for wastewater treatment system technologies that will 17 minimize cost and energy use, while limiting odor generation, for large 18 projects such as: DHHL, County Affordable Housing, Department of 19 Education campus, Mānele Mauka, or the Lānaì City expansion. 20 21 22 Issue 3: Lānaì’s limited resource of potable water is being used for uses that 23 don’t require potable water (i.e. flushing toilets and home garden 24 irrigation). 25 26 Strategy 3A: Explore options for permitting use of non-potable water (brackish water, or 27 household greywater) for flushing household toilets and home garden 28 irrigation, provided the system(s) meets County of Maui codes and State of 29 Hawaiì health safety standards. 30 31 Strategy 3B: Promote the conservation of potable water by residents, hotels, and golf 32 courses. 33 34 35

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL An efficient, effective and environmentally sound wastewater system that 5 meets the population’s needs. 6 7 Objectives 8  A sustainable and sufficient level of wastewater service that complies 9 with environmental regulations. 10 11 Policies 12 1. Improve and upgrade Lāna`i’s existing wastewater collection, treatment 13 and reuse facilities when warranted, consistent with current and future 14 plans and the County’s CIP. 15 16 2. Encourage a conservation ethic which supports wastewater reclamation 17 and utilization of alternative resource conservation and re-use 18 technologies. 19 20 21 Actions 22

Table 7.2 Infrastructure – Wastewater Policy County No. Action No. Agency Partners

Coordinate with the landowner(s) to develop a Lānaì Utilities Comprehensive Wastewater Functional Plan for Lānaì 7.13 1 Env. Mgmt Pulama Lānaì that addresses the long-term goals for the maintenance and upgrading of facilities.

Maintain an on-going sewer inspection program for public Lāna`i Utilities 7.14 and private multi-user systems to identify potential 1 Env. Mgmt Pulama Lāna`i problems and forecast each system’s residual life.

Coordinate with the landowner(s) to regularly update and Lāna`i Utilities. 7.15 1 Env. Mgmt implement the County’s wastewater reuse plans. Pulama Lāna`i

Study options and necessary code and regulation changes Dept. of Public State Dept. of to allow grey-water re-use systems for home garden Works (DPW) Health 7.16 irrigation and toilet flushing as long as the system meets 1 Development County of Maui codes and is within health safety Services (DSA) standards.

Study options for biological sanitation treatment systems Lāna`i Utilities 7.17 1 Env. Mgmt for large projects or WWTF expansion or relocation. Pulama Lāna`i

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1 SOLID WASTE 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION2 5 6 The existing County landfill occupies about 20 acres of a 36 acre parcel and is located four 7 miles south of Lāna’i City, between Kaumalapa`u Highway and the Kalamaiki Gulch at an 8 elevation of about 850 – 1,020 feet. The landfill has been in operation since 1969. As a 9 small landfill, in an arid area, it has been developed without liners and leachate collection and 10 removal. The County employees at the landfill divert both inert material and green waste 11 from the materials brought to the landfill. The green waste is collected in a dedicated are 12 where its volume is reduced before it is used for slope stabilization. 13 14 The landfill receives about 14 tons of solid waste per day and is estimated to reach capacity 15 by 2020. Private haulers bring 64%, County crews 19% and self haulers bring 17% of the 16 waste to the landfill. County crews collect waste from 640 homes, out of 1300 homes on the 17 island. For the past four years, Community Work Days and the County’s Office of 18 Abandoned Vehicles have held 3-4 collection events each year for scrap metal, white goods 19 (fridges, stoves, freezers, washing machines, etc), tires, and batteries at the Lāna`i recycling 20 Center. 21 22 The pilot recycling center, located behind the Central Services offices in Lāna’i City, has been 23 given an extended lease until December 31, 2013. Subsequently, the temporary location will 24 be at the labor yard and its ultimate location will be at Miki Basin. 25 26 27 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 28 29 30 31 Issue 1: Too much solid waste is being sent to landfill. 32 33 Strategy 1A: Improve solid waste diversion by encouraging increased recycling, re-use 34 and reduction. 35 36 Strategy 1B: Expand recycling facilities and programs. 37 38 39 Issue 2: Landfill nearing capacity: estimated lifespan of 8 years from 2012 to 40 2020. The Department of Environmental Management developed an 41 Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan in 2007-2009 which assessed 42 options for expanding the landfill or shipping solid waste off island in 43 containers.

2 Information in this section is from the Maui County Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan.

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1 Strategy 2A: Assess options to either expand the landfill utilizing alternative technologies 2 that would extend its life, or to ship solid waste off-island. 3 4 Strategy 2B: Implement the recommendations of the County of Maui’s Integrated Solid 5 Waste Management Plan. 6 7 8 Issue 3: No facilities for scrapping vehicles, machinery, metal, household 9 hazardous waste, white goods and bulky goods. 10 11 Strategy 3: Continue to develop periodic events for collection of specialty waste 12 materials and provide pick up by appointment for bulky waste and white 13 goods. 14 15 16 17 18 C. GOAL, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 19 20 21 GOAL Efficient, environmentally sound and comprehensive solid waste 22 management that aids residents and businesses on Lāna`i to effectively 23 recycle as much as possible, and limits the amount of solid waste that 24 is sent to the landfill. 25 26 27 Objectives 28 29  Reduce the amount of solid waste that is sent to the landfill through 30 effective recycling and waste reduction programs. 31 32  Develop regular programs for collection of hazardous, bulky and metal 33 waste. 34 35  A cost effective, environmentally sustainable solution to the landfill 36 reaching capacity. 37 38 Policies 39 40 1. Support implementation of the County’s Integrated Solid Waste 41 Management Plan. 42 43 2. Support increased recycling by commercial and residential customers. 44 45 3. Support the development of an efficient and cost effective mechanism to 46 deal with obsolete and abandoned vehicles and machinery. 47 48 4. Explore options for creating energy from waste. 49

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1 Actions 2

Table 7.3 Infrastructure – Solid Waste

Policy Lead

No County Partners No. Action Agency

Provide funding to the Department of Public Works Budget and Waste Management's Solid Waste Division for the 7.18 1 Env. Mgmt proper landscaping and maintenance of solid waste DPW facilities and surrounding environs.

Conduct an education program to discourage

residents and tourists from dumping garbage, cars 7.19 2, 3 Env. Mgmt Pūlama and machinery in remote locations, and locations Lāna`i other than the landfill or appropriate recycling site.

Study options for waste to energy through different 7.20 technologies- such as HBAR, a small, ultra-high 4 Env. Mgmt Pūlama temperature incinerator. Lāna`i

Promote recycling by residential and commercial

clients by advertising and promotional materials. 7.21 2 Env. Mgmt Pūlama Provide information on what can be recycled, where Lāna`i facilities are located, and operating hours and days.

3 4 5 6

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1 ENERGY 2 3 A. INTRODUCTION 4 5 According to Hawaiian Electric Co.(HECO), the cost to produce power in Hawaiì is higher 6 than on the U.S. mainland for a number of reasons: Hawaiì’s power systems are designed 7 to include back up emergency infrastructure facilities needed to account for emergency 8 situations - this increases the rate payer’s cost. In addition, there are no economies of scale 9 in Hawaiì’s market due to the relatively small population base. The use of imported crude oil 10 needed to fuel the power generators makes Hawaiì vulnerable to global crude oil price 11 fluctuation. Being an Island State, other raw materials that can be used to power up the 12 plants are unavailable. In 2012, the average residential rate was 46.61 cents per kilowatt 13 hour for Lānaì, 46.13 cents on Molokaì and 38.71 cents per kilowatt hour on Maui. 14 Business rates were also highest on Lānaì - with one exception - the small power user rate 15 was highest on Molokaì. 16 17 The power plant and associated power distribution components on Lānaì are owned and 18 operated by the Maui Electric Co.(MECO),a subsidiary of the Hawaiian Electric Co.(HECO). 19 The majority of the electrical loads on Lānaì are attributed to the large resorts (the Lodge at 20 Kōèle and Mānele Bay), the well pumps for water on the island, and Lānaì City.. Power 21 production capacity on Lānaì is approximately 10.4 megawatts, with two 2.2 MW diesel 22 generators that typically run in a master-slave configuration, and six 1.0 MW diesel powered 23 generators that operate during peak power demands. In 2008, the former majority land 24 owner, Castle & Cooke Resorts, installed a 1.2-megawatt photovoltaic solar farm. The 25 photovoltaic facility was purchased by Pūlama Lānaì as part of the island purchase 26 agreement. The Average daily electrical load on Lānaì is approximately 4.5 MW; with an 27 average peak load of approximately 5.4 MW and a minimum load of 2.1 MW. 28 29 30 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 31 32 33 Issue 1: Highest electricity rates in the state. 34 35 Strategy 1A: Work with MECO to find ways to reduce electricity costs for Lānaì. 36 37 Strategy 1B: Promote conservation and reduction of power usage by residential, 38 commercial and resort consumers. 39 Strategy 1C: Encourage home owners to install solar hot water and PV panels. 40 41 Issue 2: 90% of Lānaì’s electricity is produced by petroleum. 42

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1 Strategy 2: Work with MECO and the major landowner to develop appropriate renewable 2 electrical generation. 3 4 5 Issue 3: Fuel for vehicles is expensive and requires importation to the Island. 6 7 Strategy 3A: Increase the use of electric vehicles on the island. 8 9 Strategy 3B: Provide charging stations, charged by renewable power sources, with 10 multiple locations around the island. 11 12 13 14 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 15 16 17 GOAL Reduce Lāna`i’s dependence on fossil fuels and the cost of generating 18 electricity. 19 20 21 Objectives 22  Increase the proportion of electricity that is generated from renewable sources. 23 24 25 26 Policies 27 1. Support the increased use of renewable energy sources. 28 29 2. Maintain and support consumer incentives to promote the installation of 30 renewable energy systems. 31 32 3. Promote energy conservation and awareness programs, including, but not 33 limited to, the use of CFLs, solar hot water, and conservation behaviors. 34 35 4. Promote the use of electric vehicles charged via renewable energy. 36 37 5. Explore options for the growing and manufacturing of bio-fuels and bio- 38 diesel on island. 39 40 6. Ensure that main utility transmission lines are robust and resilient to 41 withstand hurricane forces winds. 42 43 7. Promote the undergrounding of utilities. 44

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1 Actions 2

Table 7.4 Infrastructure – Energy

Policy Lead No. Action No County Agency Partners

Create a ‘smart grid’ that would allow for development of Pūlama 7.22 1, 2 Energy additional renewable energy sources. Lāna`i Commissioner MECO

Support the use of electric vehicles on the island through Pūlama 7.23 the development of charging stations, powered from 2, 3, 4 Mayor’s Office Lāna`i renewable energy. MECO

Pūlama Support the use of steel poles for main utility Planning Dept. 7.24 6 Lāna`i transmission lines. Mayor’s Office MECO

Planning Dept. Pūlama Encourage and support the undergrounding of utility 7.25 6, 7 Mayor’s Office Lāna`i lines in new areas of development. DPW MECO

Planning Dept. Pūlama Encourage and support the undergrounding of utility lines in 7.26 7 Mayor’s Office Lāna`i existing areas, where possible. DPW MECO

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1 TRANSPORTATION 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 As a small island, Lānaì relies heavily on its transportation systems – air, sea and land – to 7 deliver people, goods and services to the island. Most of Lānaì’s consumable goods are 8 transported to the island via barge, making the cost of most items more expensive than on 9 Maui Island or in Honolulu. Tourism, Lānaì’s major industry, relies on stable, consistent and 10 sufficient flows of tourists coming by plane and ferry. 11 12 Existing Conditions 13 14 Sea 15 Young Brothers barge service between Oàhu and Lānaì occurs once a week; the barge 16 arrives on Wednesday mornings and leaves Wednesday afternoon. Expeditions passenger 17 ferry offers five daily round trips between Lahaina and Mānele Small Boat Harbor. Fuel oil – 18 diesel for the powerplant and gasoline for vehicles - is now transported to the island on the 19 barge, using ‘pods’ – small cylindrical tanks that can be moved by truck rather than the old 20 double hulled fuel barge. 21 22 Air 23 The number of flights serving Lānaì increased as economic conditions improved in 24 2012/2013. Hawaiian Airlines announced in October 2012 that it plans to renew service to 25 Lānaì and Molokaì. Island Air was purchased by Larry Ellison in 2013: they provide service 26 to Lānaì Airport with flights to and from Honolulu, Kahului, Kapalua, and Molokaì. Fedex 27 and Kamaka Air provide air freight service. 28 29 Lānaì Airport’s runway is undersized and requires lengthening in order to bring it into 30 compliance. Fully loaded and fueled planes have difficulty taking off given the length of the 31 runway and its direction with respect to Lānaì Hale. In order to land larger jets, including 32 long-haul jets from the mainland, a new longer runway will be required. Pūlama Lānaì is 33 currently (2013) working with the State Department of Transportation – Airports Division, to 34 explore options for developing a second runway. 35 36 Land 37 Most roads on Lānaì are publicly owned and managed: the County for local roads and the 38 State for Kaumalapau Hwy (Hwy 440) and Mānele Road. While there is no public transit 39 system on the island, Pūlama Lānaì runs shuttles from Mānele small boat harbor and 40 Mānele Resort to Lānaì City and Kōèle Resort. Maui Economic Opportunity operates a 41 shuttle service for youth, elderly, and the disabled. Commercial taxi and shuttle services are 42 also available. 43

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1 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 2 3 4 Issue 1: Current barge service to Lānaì from Oahu is only once per week and 5 during winter storm or rough sea conditions, barges are unable to enter 6 the harbor. 7 8 Strategy 1A: Explore options for transporting freight goods on the ferry or airlines. 9 10 Strategy 1B: Advocate for expanded ferry service as the population increases and 11 economic development warrants. 12 13 Issue 2: Unaffordable transportation from Lānaì City to Mānele and Kōèle for 14 workers. 15 16 Strategy 2: Assess feasibility of shuttle transportation for resort workers. 17 18 Issue 3: Current airport runway unable to accommodate larger planes (a fully 19 loaded plane with fuel is unable to take off). 20 21 Strategy 3: Work with Pulama Lānaì, the State Department of Transportation Airports 22 Division and the community to assess options to accommodate some larger 23 airplanes via airport runway expansion or a second runway. 24 25 Issue 4: Very limited direct flights between Lānaì and other Maui County 26 airports. 27 28 Strategy 4: Work with airlines to improve air transportation between the islands of Maui 29 County. 30 31 Issue 5: Lānaì customers must pay for both legs of shipping freight to the 32 island from other outer islands – Lānaì is the only island with this extra 33 charge. (i.e. From Kauai to Oahu, and Oahu to Lanaì). 34 35 Strategy 5: Work with the shipping companies to find a better rate structure - to reduce 36 the premium on shipping to Lānaì. 37 38 Issue 6: The cost of shipping fuel to the island from Oahu is made more 39 expensive by the use of fuel tanks – or pods – rather than using a fuel 40 barge. 41 42 Strategy 6: Explore options for shipping fuel to the island that would reduce costs.

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL A complete, integrated, safe and reliable system of transportation 5 networks that serves the needs of Lānaì businesses, residents and 6 visitors. 7 8 9 Objectives 10  Adequate, reliable, and reasonably priced barge service 11 12  Continued reliable and frequent passenger ferry services between Maui 13 and Lānaì. 14 15  A more connected, complete, and safe network of lanes, streets, roads 16 and highways. 17 18  Expanded air services between Maui and Lānaì. 19 20  Maintain public access trails for hunters, hikers, and coastal access. 21 22  More affordable transportation options for resort employees. 23 24 Policies 25 26 1. Encourage commercial concession and lease opportunities for local 27 residents at State harbor and airport facilities. 28 29 2. Support the improvement of the airport, including expansion of existing 30 runway and/or addition of a second runway. 31 32 3. Support the establishment of regularly scheduled direct Maui-Lānaì 33 flights. 34 35 4. Encourage competitive pricing for inter-island airfares to provide increased 36 opportunity for inter-island mobility by residents. 37 38 5. Support the expansion of barge and freight services to the island. 39 40 6. Advocate for the need for direct ocean freight transport between Maui and 41 Lānaì. 42 43 7. Street and roadway design standards should maintain and enhance 44 Lānaì’s rural character. 45 46 8. Maintain a pedestrian orientation for the Lānaì City core area. 47 48 9. Encourage the development of a safe network of pedestrian pathways 49 connecting key recreational and educational facilities in Lānaì City.

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1 Actions

Table 7.4 Infrastructure – Transportation Lead Policy County No. No Partners Action Agency

Advocate for the need for increased barge service to Economic 7.27 5, 6 Pūlama and from Lāna`i if the population significantly increases Development Lāna`i and economic development warrants.

Economic Advocate for increased ferry service to and from Lāna`i 7.28 6 Development Pūlama if the population significantly increases and economic Lāna`i development warrants.

Pūlama Develop a long range land transportation master plan Lānaì for Lānaì, which utilizes a complete streets approach DPW 7.29 7, 8 Lānaì to roadway design and includes a pedestrian plan for Planning Dept. Resorts Lāna’i City. HDOT

Pūlama Develop low cost transportation option(s) for resort Lāna`i 7.30 employees. Four Seasons MEO

Establish who has jurisdiction/ownership and Public Works 7.31 Pūlama responsibility over Old Government Road. Planning Lāna`i

Develop and implement trails, greenways and open space access plan, utilizing, where appropriate, old DPW agriculture roads. The project should work in concert 7.32 9 Planning Dept. Pūlama with storm water, sedimentation and environmental DEM? Lāna`i protection plans to close down unnecessary or unused

agricultural roads.

Restrict commercial trucks and buses exceeding 6,000 Pūlama 7.33 LB GVW to established routes through Lāna`i City DPW Lāna`i pending the construction of a bypass road.

Develop Lāna`i specific roadway standards and DPW 7 Pūlama 7.34 guidelines. Planning Dept. Lāna`i The access road in and out of Mānele needs to be

maintained in order to serve as a secondary and Pūlama emergency access road. Encourage landowner to 7.35 DPW Lāna`i maintain a secondary and emergency access road to

and from Manele.

Evaluate proposals and provide development services in DPW Pūlama a timely manner for the airport expansion proposal, 1, 2 7.36 Planning Dept Lāna`i which could include expansion of runway or addition of

second runway.

Study and evaluate options for shipping fuel to the island Pūlama 5 OED? 7.37 in order to reduce costs. Lāna`i

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1 STORMWATER DRAINAGE 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 The low annual rainfall of approximately 28.3” for Lānaì City (15.6” at the Lānaì Airport)3 7 inches most often drains into the soils or intermittently through the gulches. In general, a 8 combination of increased impervious surfaces (such as roads, rooftops, and parking areas) 9 and occasional heavy rainstorms contributes to surface water drainage issues within Lānaì 10 City and the two Project Districts of Kōèle and Mānele. These drainage issues - such as 11 shallow ponding - are generally minor and of short duration. 12 13 In general, Lānaì City is well positioned on a high plateau with a relatively good drainage 14 pattern that has reduced flooding conditions during heavy rainfall events. The roadways 15 drain by the natural slope of land in most areas. To the northeast of town there is a natural 16 depression that directs flow away from town into the gulches. Within town there are drain 17 lines installed along Lāna’i Avenue and in few locations along Fraser Avenue.4 Lānaì City 18 experiences localized flooding due to the blockage of the existing stormwater drains and 19 channels. Primarily the blockage is caused by grass overgrowing the drains or build-up of 20 sediment and grass in the channels where the original grass swale no longer functions. 21 22 Storm runoff from the Kōèle Resort, upslope from Lana’i City, is captured within the Project 23 District and re-directed to discharge into Kaiholena Gulch, east, and Kapono Gulch, 24 southeast of Lāna’i City. Kapono Gulch is deep enough to carry the increased runoff from the 25 golf course. The Mānele area’s average annual rainfall is 15 inches and flood events are rare. 26 During extreme storms Mānele Project District’s sheet flow runoff drains naturally through six 27 major gulches and drainageways5 before discharging into the adjacent bays of Mānele and 28 Hulopo’e. 29 30 The Kōèle Project District Infrastructure Master Plan, Final (July 30, 1993) showed proposed 31 drainage improvements of numerous drain lines within the resort. The new drain lines will re- 32 direct flow to an existing golf course lake, while other new lines will direct flow to retention 33 basins and existing drain lines to discharge into Kaiholena Gulch. Due to catchment and re- 34 direction of more surface flow to the larger Kapono Gulch, the effective drainage basin and 35 discharge will decrease for Kaiholena Gulch and increase for Kapono Gulch. Two drainage 36 master plans were developed for Kōèle Project District and Lānaì City in 2006. These plans 37 include recommendations and a phasing plan but have not yet been implemented. 38 In 2002 a series of heavy storms resulted in heavy flooding, sedimentation in Hulopoe Bay 39 and erosion within the watershed. Community meetings and consultant planning and design

3 Rainfall data from the National Climate Data Center 4 Maui Infrastructure Assessment Update, Drainage Systems, prepared for County of Maui Department of Planning by Wilson Okamoto & Associates, Inc. 5 Director’s Report, Maui County Planning Commission, October 31, 1990, page 3.

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1 addressed the flow and filtration issues. In addition to a revised layout of roadways and 2 drainage facilities, the drainage plan used native plants or native grass with stone edges, to 3 create natural filtration areas.6 A drainage master plan for Mānele Project District was 4 completed in March 2004 to protect property and the ocean environment. At the time of the 5 small boat harbor improvements, the Mānele project site stormwater drainage system 6 consisted of sheet flow and percolation, with no filtering of pollutants or siltation during storm 7 events. The Mānele Bay Small Boat Harbor (MBSBH) improved catchment of runoff and 8 decreased sediment entering the harbor by redirecting runoff into drain inlets and silt basins. 9 10 11 12 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 13 14 15 Issue 1: Storm water flows down dirt roads into gulleys, gulches and the ocean. 16 17 18 Strategy 1: Develop a comprehensive plan to address areas of high flow runoff from dirt 19 roads. Design a toolbox of road runoff diversion methods that can be easily 20 implemented. 21 22 23 Issue 2: Localized minor flooding causes repeated areas of water ponding or 24 mud in Lāna`i City. 25 26 Strategy 2: Implement Drainage Master Plans for Koele and Lanai City. Develop a 27 comprehensive drainage plan for stormwater runoff through Lāna’i City and 28 surrounding area. Evaluate older swales and drains for current functioning 29 and restore, if needed. Add natural drainage storage and filtration to 30 supplement existing system and clear all blockages. 31 32 33 34 35 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 36 37 38 39 GOAL Surface water runoff is managed to prevent flooding and to improve 40 water quality for both fresh and coastal waters. 41 42

6 Working Together – The Lāna`i Community Joins Planners and Engineers to Solve Mānele Drainage Problems, In Motion, R.M. Towill Corporation, Vol.2 Issue 1, 2004

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1 Objective 2  Provide surface water management for roadways and developed areas. 3 4 Policies 5 1. Manage surface water using natural system drainage, retention and 6 filtration to reduce flooding and siltation of ocean waters. 7 8 2. Encourage DHHL compliance with Maui County regulations on drainage. 9 10 11 12 Actions 13

Table 7.6 Infrastructure – Stormwater Drainage Policy County No. Action No Agency Partners

Pūlama Develop a stormwater management plan that Lāna`i DPW 7.38 1 DHHL emphasizes/ utilizes natural systems drainage, where Planning Dept.

possible.

Pūlama Address dirt road runoff through dispersion and Lāna`i 7.39 1 DPW DHHL retention methods.

Pūlama Implement Kōèle Project District and Lānaì City Lānaì 7.40 DHHL Master Drainage Plans.

Repair stormwater drainage swales in Lāna`i City Pūlama Lāna`i 7.41 1 (swales and culverts) and remove blockages from DHHL drains and channels. 14

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1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 For a small, relatively isolated island such as Lānaì, digital and electronic 6 telecommunications systems are important as they link the island to the rest of the county, 7 state and indeed the world. Land-lines, cellular telephone services, and high speed internet 8 enable communications for residents, businesses and students: making working at home, 9 and ‘telecommuting’ to off-island work possible. Hawaiian Tel provides telephone and 10 internet service for most residents on the island; Sandwich Isles provides service in the 11 Hawaiian Homelands subdivision. Oceanic Cable provides cable television and cable 12 internet. 13 14 15 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 16 17 Issue: There are dead spots on the island for cellular/mobile telephone 18 service. 19 20 Strategy 1: Increase the strength and array of cell phone signals. 21 22 Issue 2: In order to provide high quality education, it is important that all 23 educational institutions (Lānaì High and Elementary School, and UH 24 Maui College) have access to high speed internet and 25 telecommunications. 26 27 Strategy 2: Ensure that educational institutions on the island have a full array of high 28 speed internet and telecommunication services. 29 30 31 32 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 33 34 35 GOAL Lānaì will have a robust and reliable telecommunications network. 36 37 Objective: Improve telecommunication services on Lānaì so that high capacity, high 38 speed wireless internet and telephone are available for residents, 39 businesses, and educational facilities. 40 41 Policies: 42 1. Complete the fiber optic network and the improvement and expansion of 43 telecommunications on the Island.

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1 Actions

Table 7.7 Infrastructure – Telecommunications

Policy County No. Action No Agency Partners

Hawaiian Provide wireless high speed internet throughout Telecom 7.42 1 Pūlama the island. Sandwich Isles Lāna`i Hawaiian Provide cell phone service all around the island Telecom 7.43 1 Pūlama for complete coverage. Sandwich Isles Lāna`i 2

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1 8 | PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES

2 3 4 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 5 The County of Maui provides significant public services, such as police, fire protection, parks and 6 recreation. Lānaì High and Elementary School is part of the State’s Department of Education. 7 Health and social services are provided by the State as well as private providers - Lānaì 8 Community Hospital is part of Hawaiì Health Systems Corporation. 9 10 11 12 PARKS & RECREATION

13 14 A. INTRODUCTION 15 16 Being a former ‘company town’, many of the Island’s largest and important parks and public 17 spaces are owned by the major landowner – Pūlama Lānaì LLC -- this includes Dole Park, 18 Cavendish Golf Course, the community swimming pool, and Hulopo'e Beach Park and 19 Campground. The County of Maui owns, leases and manages a number of parks and facilities 20 in Lānaì City including the gymnasium, the community center in Dole Park, the baseball field, 21 softball field and tennis courts in the Lānaì Community Center Complex. Dole Park is owned 22 and managed by Pūlama Lānaì. Currently, Lāna’i’s public parks total 26.5 acres. The major 23 landowner also owns, and manages much of the island’s open spaces, conservation areas, and 24 hunting areas. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources manages 25,000 acres 25 for hunting at the north end of the island. 26 27 28 29 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 30 31 32 33 Issue 1: An insufficient configuration and array of parks and programs to meet the 34 community’s existing and future needs. 35 36 Strategy 1: Prepare an overall parks and recreation master plan, in conjunction with the major 37 landowner, to identify needs for the island’s parks, facilities, and programs. 38 39 40 Issue 2: While land was set aside for park space in the Lalakoa developments, those 41 park areas were never constructed. 42

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1 Strategy 2: Ensure that there are funds to develop and construct parks when land is 2 dedicated to the County for parks and recreation as part of a development 3 agreement. 4 5 Issue 3: Certain sub-areas of Lanai City have a park deficit. 6 7 Strategy 3: Ensure that each sub-area of Lanai City as well as any new development meets 8 County subdivision standards or benchmarks for the amount of park space per 9 housing unit. 10 11 Issue 4: Public Restrooms in Dole Park are often closed during the day. 12 13 Strategy 4: Ensure that public restroom facilities are open during the day for the public to use; 14 and advertise their availability. 15 16 17 18 19 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 20 21 22 23 GOAL A system of parks, recreational facilities, and programs that meets the 24 needs of the island’s residents and visitors. 25 26 27 Objectives 28  Provide a greater variety of parks, facilities, and programs to accommodate 29 existing and projected needs of the island’s residents and visitors. 30 31 32 Policies 33 1. Encourage the development and support of leisure activities for all 34 segments of the population. 35 36 2. Ensure Dole Park’s long-term value as a social and recreational 37 gathering place. 38 39 3. Where appropriate, collaborate with Pūlama Lāna`i on the provision of 40 parks, facilities, and programs. 41 42 4. Ensure that all new areas of development include adequate park space 43 based on a determined ‘park ratio’ of park space per 1000 residents. 44 45 5. Ensure that public washroom facilities are available and open during 46 daylight hours in Dole Park or other central public facility or park. 47 48 6. Ensure that any significant new active park include public washroom 49 facilities. 50 51

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1 2 Actions

Table 8.1 Public Facilities and Services – Parks and Recreation

Policy Lead No. Action No County Partners Agency

Develop a master plan for the island’s parks, Parks & 8.01 recreational facilities, and programs. Survey 1 Recreation Dept. Pūlama Lāna`i residents to find out what their recreational needs are. Planning Dept.

Maintain the quality and availability of the Cavendish 8.02 1, 3 Pūlama Lāna`i Golf Course in perpetuity for Lāna`i residents.

Work with the Company to prepare a Dole Park Parks & 8.03 master plan which improves and preserves the Park's 1, 2, 3 Recreation Dept. Pūlama Lāna`i recreational, urban design and social functions. Planning Dept.

Support the planning, design and development of Parks & 8.04 action-sport facility such as a skateboard park, roller 1, 3 Recreation Dept. derby facility, or BMX (Bicycle-Moto-Cross) track. Planning Dept. Pūlama Lāna`i

Parks & Support the opening of public washrooms during 8.05 5, 6 Recreation Dept. Pūlama Lāna`i daylight hours in Dole Park or a central public facility. Planning Dept.

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1 POLICE

2 3 A. INTRODUCTION 4 5 As of 2012, Lānaì had 10 officers and a part time Animal Control Officer who work out of an 6 8,000 SF facility that includes three jail cells, a juvenile cell, and office space. It opened in 2004 7 at a cost of $4.1 million. The island makes up Maui Police Department (MPD) District II, which is 8 in turn divided into two motorized beats, each of which is patrolled by one officer. Animal control 9 is also aided by the Maui Humane Society as well as Lānaì Animal Rescue Center (LARC), a 10 non-profit community services organization that provides shelter, spay/neuter services, 11 adoptions, sustenance, and humane education; they operate the ‘Kitty Paradise’ cat sanctuary. 12 13 The current number of officers slightly exceeds the estimate of need in the Public Facilities 14 Assessment published in 2007 by RM Towill Corporation. This is necessary, however, because 15 of the island’s large area and because it includes many places that are remote. According to 16 the RM Towill study, “expansion of existing service within the study period (to 2030) is not 17 required”. However, Pūlama Lānaì LLC now plans to expand Lanaì City, and create new 18 residential areas at Mānele Mauka, above Kaumalapau Harbor, and to develop a third resort and 19 rural housing at Halepalaoa Landing (Club Lanai site). It is likely that the population will increase 20 more than the previous population forecasts projected. The population of the island could 21 increase from about 3,100 to 6,000 or more, which would necessitate an increase in Police 22 services. 1 23 24 While the Police Station is a relatively new and well appointed facility, the island lacks an 25 impound yard, and on-call or full-time tow truck services. There are numerous abandoned 26 vehicles at the airport and at the Mānele Small Boat Harbor. However, since these are state 27 operated facilities, jurisdiction and responsibility for these vehicles is unclear. 28 29 30 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 31 32 33 Issue 1: Adequate and affordable housing for future police staff. 34 35 Strategy 1: Ensure that affordable workforce housing is provided for any expansion of 36 police staffing. 37 38 39 Issue 2: Additional animal control services and facilities will be needed to deal 40 with an increase in pet and feral animal populations. 41

1 Use updated population forecast figures, when they become available.

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1 Strategy 2A: Explore options for shelter facilities for stray dogs. 2 Strategy 2B: Explore options for expansion of Animal Control services and facilities: 3 coordinate with LARC. 4 5 Issue 3: Substance abuse is a problem on the island. 6 7 Strategy 3: Maximize the island’s minimal resources to properly enforce substance abuse 8 laws. 9 10 Issue 4: High turnover of police personnel. 11 12 Strategy 4: Encourage changes to MPD contract so that officers can stay on the island 13 longer than a 1 year rotation, especially the senior officer. 14 15 16 17 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 18 19 20 GOAL An effective and efficient police force for the island of Lānaì. 21 22 23 Objectives 24  A safe, peaceful and friendly community. 25 26 27 Policies 28 1. Ensure that the staffing of the police office on Lanaì is enlarged 29 appropriately if the population of the island significantly increases. 30 31 2. Support the development and provision of workforce housing for police 32 personnel. 33 34 3. Support additional animal control services. 35 36 4. Support police taking an active role in civil defense. 37 38 5. Support policing strategies to deal with substance abuse. 39 40 6. Support longer tours of duty on Lānaì for police personnel.

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1 Actions

Table 8.2 Public Facilities and Services – Police

Action Policy Lead County No. No Agency Partners

Humane Explore options for expansion of Animal 8.05 3 Control facilities and services. MPD Society LARC Humane Provide public education on responsible 8.06 3 pet ownership. MPD Society LARC

Study options for development of impound yard Pulama 8.07 and need for tow truck services, and whether a MPD Lāna`i 4WD tow truck is necessary.

Coordinate with community organizations in their prevention and treatment efforts to reduce substance use and abuse. CDFL 8.08 5 MPD LCHC Continue working cooperatively with the Prosecutor’s Office and the DEA to enforce substance abuse laws.

Examine options for extending the length of time

8.09 police personnel and officers are on Lanai for a 1 MPD

tour of duty.

Provide Lana`i orientation training classes and Pulama 8.10 1 MPD support for Police Staff. Lanai

Create a position on the Police Commission for a MPD 8.11 1 Lāna`i representative Mayor’s Office

2 3 4

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1 FIRE AND PUBLIC SAFETY 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 There is one fire station on the island located on Fraser Avenue in Lānaì City. A new 4 wheel 7 drive truck was purchased for the Lānaì Fire Department in 2009. The 2014 County budget 8 includes funding to purchase a brush truck for the Fire Department. 9 10 11 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 12 13 Issue 1: Response time to Mānele can be 15-20 minutes; population growth and 14 increased visitors at Mānele may warrant the location of a fire station at 15 Mānele. 16 17 Strategy 1: Explore options for locating fire, safety, ambulance and ocean rescue services 18 at Mānele. 19 20 Issue 2: Location of proposed 3rd Resort on the Keomoku Coast is remote; it will 21 be challenging to provide fire and safety services to this location. 22 23 Strategy 2: Pūlama Lānaì should work with Police, Fire and Safety to develop a plan for 24 fire, safety and rescue services at 3rd Resort location. 25 26 Issue 3: There are no water rescue services based on Lānaì. 27 28 Strategy 3: Explore options for establishing water rescue services on the island. 29 30 Issue 4: Firefighters sometimes have problems locating addresses in Lānaì City. 31 32 Strategy 4A: Provide better orientation and maps of Lānaì City streets, street names and 33 address locations to firefighters. 34 35 Strategy 4B: Encourage Lānaì property owners and managers to clearly place addresses on 36 their structures with numbers that are visible from the street. 37

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL To protect life, property and the environment by providing effective and 5 efficient fire protection and rescue services for the island of Lāna`i. 6 7 8 Objectives 9  Improve ocean rescue services and fire protection by providing 10 necessary equipment, training and staffing. 11 12 13 Policies 14 1. Provide appropriate levels of fire, safety, and rescue services. 15 16 2. Encourage Pūlama Lāna`i to work with the Fire Department, Maui Police 17 Department and Civil Defense while planning any development in remote 18 areas of the island. 19 20 21 Actions

Table 8.3 Public Facilities and Services – Fire and Safety

Policy County Agency No. Action No Partners

Explore feasibility for locating fire, safety and Fire Dept. 8.12 1 rescue services and facilities at Mānele. Pūlama Lāna`i

Support establishing ocean safety and rescue Fire Dept. Pūlama 8.13 1 services on Lana`i. Lāna`i

Support orientation and training about living on 8.14 Lana`i for Fire Department staff on the island for a Fire Dept. Pūlama tour of duty. Lāna`i

Work with homeowners, business owners, landlords to visibly mark addresses on structures Fire Dept. Pūlama 8.15 1 or properties for easy identification in case of Planning Dept. Lāna`i emergencies.

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1 SCHOOLS 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 The Lānaì High and Elementary School campus comprises approximately 10 acres of land on 7 the western edge of Lānaì City. While some of the existing facilities on the campus date back to 8 1937, many structures were added in 1970’s, portables were added in the 1990’s, and a few 9 new classrooms were completed in 2013. 10 11 All of Lānaì’s student population is served by the combined Lānaì High and Elementary School. 12 It is the only school on the island and it is the largest K-12 school in the State of Hawaiì. The 13 Department of Education (DOE) reports that the school has been experiencing an average 14 decrease in enrollment of about 20 students per year for the past five years: however, that 15 decline was during the years of a struggling economy on the Island. School enrollment would 16 appear to be very much tied to the economy: as the recession caused fewer jobs, working 17 families moved away, taking their children with them. It is expected that with increased 18 economic activity on the island, there will be a subsequent increase in enrollment at all levels. 19 Indeed, School year 2012-2013 enrollment was 530 students; while the Lānaì High and 20 Elementary School enrollment for the 2013-2014 school year is 585 students: an increase of 21 over 50 students in a single year. 22 23 The DOE has developed a master plan to guide the future development of the school over the 24 next 25 years. The master plan includes the upgrade and expansion of the school onto an 25 additional 50 acres of County owned land west of the existing campus and includes facilities for 26 pre-school to university level classes. Currently the University of Hawaiì Maui College (UHMC) 27 has a small facility on Lānaì. There is a pre-school in town that uses borrowed facilities. 28 29 30 31 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 32 33 34 Issue 1: Desire to separate elementary and high school facilities. While the facilities are 35 adequate to accommodate the existing and short-term projected student 36 population, the community has for a long time expressed the desire to separate 37 the elementary and high schools. 38 39 Strategy 1: Expand and improve the elementary and high school campus as the population 40 warrants, consistent with the campus master plan.

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL High-quality educational facilities and programs that accommodate the 5 community’s diverse learning needs. 6 7 Objectives 8  Public school facilities and programs are provided in a more timely manner. 9 10  An expanded array of post-secondary, vocational, English as a second 11 language and career counseling programs are available on island for Lānaì 12 residents. 13 14  Adequate and affordable preschool facilities and programs for Lānaì 15 families. 16 Policies 17 1. Continue to support the Lānaì High and Elementary School Master Plan 18 ‘P-20’ -- Preschool to 20 concept. 19 20 2. Support public/private/non-profit partnerships to build and staff schools and 21 improve existing facilities. 22 23 3. Encourage major employers on the Island to support or provide English as 24 a second language education for employees. 25 26 4. Support Hawaiian Language Immersion Program. 27 28 Actions

Table 8.4 Public Facilities and Services – Education

Lead Policy County No. Action No Partners Agency

Implement the Master Plan for the expansion of the DOE elementary and high school into separate campuses and the UH Maui 8.16 creation of a ‘P -20’ campus – i.e. that includes educational 1 College facilities and programs for Preschool – Post-Secondary

education.

DOE Continue to fund adult and post-secondary education 1, 2 UH Maui 8.17 programs. College

8.18 Continue to fund English as a second language classes. 3 DOE

Develop and implement a program for additional pre-school 8.19 1 DOE services.

8.20 Advocate for Hawaiian Language Immersion Program. 4 DOE 29

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1 HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES 2 3 4 A. INTRODUCTION 5 6 Health and social services on the island are limited in part due to the island’s small population. 7 The small size of the population makes it difficult to provide the full array of health and social 8 services that are available to larger communities with larger markets. Demographically, the 9 population is aging and there will be a need for increased health and social services for the 10 elderly and aging populations. 11 12 Lānaì Community Hospital (LCH) is the only hospital on the island of Lānaì. A sister hospital to 13 Kula Hospital and Maui Memorial Medical Center (MMMC), it is part of Hawaiì Health Systems 14 Corporation (HHSC). LCH was originally built in 1927, however, the existing building was built in 15 1968, and the emergency room was remodeled in 2012-2013. It has 47 employees and 16 approximately 30 admissions and 1,000 Emergency Room visits annually. In 2012, LCH had 17 1937 Laboratory patients and 591 X-Ray patients.

18 Lānaì Community Health Center is a non-profit which provides health services to all community 19 members, but it’s particular focus is on a special focus on provided health services to those who 20 live below 200% of the federal poverty level—nearly 40% of the island’s population.Services are 21 currently provided out of a three bedroom house that has been converted into temporary clinical 22 space on Lauhala Place. Straub runs the Lānaì Family Health Center in Lānaì City which 23 provides clinical services and some minor surgical procedures. Ke Ola Hou O LānaÌ provides 24 health care services for the island Hawaiian population. 25 26 27 28 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 29 30 31 Issue 1: Some important health services are not available on the Island, such as 32 maternity and neo-natal care, palliative care and hospice facilities; in 33 addition, there is no pharmacy on the Island. 34 35 Strategy 1: State and County agencies should collaborate with with Hawaiì Health 36 Systems, Straub, the Community Health Center and Pūlama Lānaì to develop 37 and support improved health services and facilities on the island. 38 39 40 Issue 2: A growing and aging population with increased health and social service 41 needs. 42

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1 Strategy 2A: Increase health and support services for aging community members to allow 2 them to ’age in place’ 3 4 Strategy 2B: Develop palliative care services and hospice facilities to allow terminally ill 5 patients to remain on the island in their last days. 6 7 Strategy 2C: Develop a means of inexpensive non-emergency medical transportation for 8 Lānaì residents who are hospice patients within the State of Hawaii to return to 9 Lānaì. 10 11 Strategy 2D: Support the organization and development of an infrastructure for elder care on 12 the island of Lānaì. 13 14 15 Issue 3: Continue to support the expansion of social and mental health services 16 including comprehensive foster care services. 17 18 Strategy 3: Expand the number and array of social services. 19 20 21 22 Issue 4: The island has multiple immigrant communities, who have limited English 23 language skills; as a result there is a need for social and health services 24 in multiple languages. 25 26 Strategy 4: Expand support services for new immigrants, including health and social 27 services in their native language, whenever possible. 28 29 30 Issue 5: The prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse is a concern to many 31 Lanaì residents. 32 33 Strategy 5: Ensure that prevention, enforcement, treatment and educational services for 34 alcohol and substance abuse are available on island and that there is a 35 coordinated effort to minimize the harm to the community. 36 37 38 Issue 6: The prevalence of domestic violence is a concern to the community. 39 40 Strategy 6: Ensure that support services for families in crisis, including domestic violence, 41 are readily available on the island 42 43 44

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 5 GOAL An array of health and social services that provide for the needs of 6 Lāna`i’s population. 7 8 9 Objectives 10  A comprehensive, integrated health care system. 11 12  Improved accessibility to medical, dental and vision care by increasing 13 services available on the island. 14 15  Expand public health programs, services, and facilities that support family 16 planning and the special needs of children, elderly and immigrants. 17 18  Ensure the long-term integrity of medical and emergency medical 19 facilities and services with adequate funding for staff, programs and 20 capital improvements. 21 22 23 Policies 24 1. Provide and support an eldercare infrastructure system, including health 25 and social programs for the elderly, services and facilities for ‘aging in 26 place’ as well as palliative care services and hospice facilities for the 27 dying. 28 29 2. Provide and support social services for immigrants. 30 31 3. Provide and support social services for children and youth. 32 33 4. Provide for adequate emergency sheltering for family intervention needs. 34 35 5. Provide and support short term and long term nursing care on the island. 36

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1 Actions 2

Table 8.5 Public Facilities and Services – Health and Social Services

Policy Lead No. County Action No Partners Agency

Pūlama Lāna`i

LCH / HHSC Develop a Master or Strategic Plan 1, 2, 3, Housing & Human 8.21 STRAUB for health care services on Lāna`i 4, 5 Concerns KE OLA HOU (HHC) LCHC

Allocate funding to expand the 8.22 HHC Hawaii Dept. of number and array of social services Health

Prepare a Master Plan for the Lāna`i 8.23 1 HHC Community Hospital and related LCH / HHSC medical facilities. Improve and enhance short term and LCH / HHSC 8.24 long term nursing care services and 1 HHC Lāna`i Changes facilities on the island.

Develop a plan for provision of LCH / HHSC 8.25 1 HHC services for elderly to ‘age in place’ Pūlama Lāna`i Lāna`i Changes

Develop palliative care services and 8.26 1 HHC LCH / HHSC hospice facilities for the dying. Lāna`i Changes Hawaii Dept. of Health Ensure funding and support of the Partners in 8.27 child welfare and social services 3 HHC Development network and ancillary support Partners In services Including foster care. Development Foundation (PIDF)

8.28 Coordinate services for immigrants. 2 HHC

Ensure support and funding for the 8.29 4 HHC Hawaii Dept. of network of services for alcohol and Health substance abuse.

Ensure support and funding for the 8.30 network of services for domestic 5 HHC Hawaii Dept. of violence and families in crisis. Health

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1 9 | LAND USE 2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 Land use on Lānaì has been strongly influenced by water availability, ranching, and large- 8 scale pineapple production. Vast open spaces have been retained by fallow agricultural 9 fields, and barren, and rocky land areas. With the decline and then closure of pineapple 10 production in 1992, tourism and resorts came to Lānaì. Today the population of 3,1351 lives 11 primarily in the historic small-town of Lānaì City, with some residences located near the 12 resort hotels in the Kō‘ele and Mānele Project Districts. A few rural residences are scattered 13 along the leeward Keōmoku coast. 14 15 16 Background 17 18 The vast majority of Lānaì’s lands are designated as Agricultural or Conservation by the 19 State Land Use Commission (see Table 9.1 and Map 9.1). A single landowner owns 20 approximately 98%, while the State of Hawaiì, County of Maui, and other private landowners 21 own the remaining 2% of the island. 22 23 24 Table 9.1: Acreage by State Land Use District 25 SLUC District Acres Percent

Urban 3,039 3.4 Rural 2,076 2.3 Agriculture 44,612 49.4 Conservation 40,570 44.9 TOTAL 90,298 100% 26 Source: State of Hawaii, Office of Planning, February 2013 27 28 Lānaì City, the Kō‘ele and Mānele Project Districts and small scattered areas on the 29 Keōmoku Coast make up the urban land use acreage. Lānaì City, built for the plantation 30 workers in 1920, now remains as the last fully-intact plantation town in Hawaiì. As pineapple 31 production phased out, tourism was brought to Lānaì by Castle and Cooke Resorts. The 32 Lodge at Kō‘ele opened in 1990; Mānele Bay Hotel opened one year later in 1991; and resort 33 real estate development followed shortly after. 34 35 ______36 1. DBEDT 2010 Census Report

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1 Existing Conditions 2 3 4 Lānaì City continues to be the island’s population and service center. Lānaì also has 5 two Project Districts, Mānele and Kō‘ele, with resort hotels and nearby, dispersed 6 residential development. Future growth on the island is currently planned at the 7 northwestern edge of Lānaì City and within the Mānele and Kō‘ele Project Districts. 8 The three large projects planned at the northwestern edge of Lānaì City include 9 expansion of the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands’ (DHHL) subdivision, the 10 County’s Lānaì City Affordable Housing Project, and the Department of Education’s 11 expansion of the Lānaì Elementary and High School campus2 (see Map 9.2). The 12 Mānele and Kō‘ele Project Districts were approved 26 years ago (1986), yet only a 13 small fraction of the approved units have been constructed. Approximately 6% of the 14 entitled housing units in the Kō‘ele Project District have been constructed and 18% of 15 entitled housing units at Mānele3. 16 17 The island’s primary industrial areas are located southwest of Lānaì City, off of 18 Kaumālapa‘u Highway, near the Lānaì Airport, and at Kaumalapa‘u Harbor. The 19 remaining lands are primarily open space, agricultural lands, barren rock lands, or 20 conservation lands protecting the forest along the mountain ridge. 21 22 State Land Use Districts have designated all of the lands on Lānaì in the four land use 23 classifications given in Table 9.1 and shown on Map 9.1. Currently there are 24 differences in land use designations in the State Land Use Districts and the Lāna‘i 25 Community Plan that need to be resolved. Major differences between the 1998 Lānaì 26 Community Plan Land Use Map and classifications in the State Land Use Districts are 27 along the windward and southern coast that are primarily designated open space in the 28 Lānaì Community Plan, whereas, they are designated urban lands in the State Land 29 Use Classifications. There are no permanent settlements on the windward and northern 30 regions of the island as these areas are remote from existing development and 31 services, lack infrastructure, and may have environmental and/or cultural constraints. In 32 addition, most of the island has interim zoned lands that need specific zoning standards 33 (Map 9.3). 34 35 36 37 38 39 ______40 2. Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. Island of Lānaì Regional Plan. June 2010, and 41 Department of Education. Lānaì High Elementary School Master Plan Final Environmental 42 Assessment. March 2011. 43 44 3. John M. Knox & Associates, Inc. Draft Lānaì Economic Development Issue Paper. May 2011, and 45 County of Maui Department of Water Supply. Draft Lānaì Island Water Use and Development 46 Plan. February 2011

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1 Future Conditions – Planned Growth 2 3 Five areas of Lānaì have been proposed for future development by Pūlama Lānaì (see 4 detail maps within Land Use Designations Map 9.4). The composition of the land uses within 5 these five areas is intended to provide economic diversity, sustainability, infrastructure 6 improvements, diversity of housing options and locations, diversity in resort experiences, and 7 educational opportunities. The five areas are seen as interrelated and supportive of each 8 other in order to achieve economic and community sustainability. 9 10 Approximately 3,100 total acres are proposed with the following land uses: urban and rural 11 residential, residential mixed use, hotel, commercial, airport, heavy and light industrial, 12 public/quasi-public, parks, and conservation (see Table 9.2). The new development will 13 incorporate smart growth principles of walkable neighborhoods, green infrastructure, and 14 multi-modal transit oriented development while capturing the historic form of Lānaì City and 15 the rural, open spaces of the island. 16 17 Pūlama Lānaì target for total population is approximately 6000 residents. To meet the future 18 demand for housing Pūlama Lānaì’s proposal includes development of new urban and rural 19 residential housing, as well as development of currently entitled lands in the Lana’i City 20 affordable housing project site (372 units) and the Koele and Manele Project Districts. 21 22 23 Lānaì City Area – Map 9.5 24 25 The Lānaì City Area proposes new development areas west of Lānaì City to include: 9.5A 26 Lānaì City Expansion, 9.5B Tennis Academy, 9.5C Gateway Park, 9.5D the University, and 27 9.5E Paliamano Gulch Park. To the north there is 9.5F Rural Residential, and to the south is 28 9.5G Film Studios. The key features of these areas include an education and recreation core 29 surrounded by residential areas and mixed use development. Building design would retain 30 the plantation village character, and neighborhoods would be connected and walkable. 31 There would be a diversity of housing types and affordability. The areas are in the 32 conceptual planning phase (pre-design) and proposed as follows: 33 34 35 9.5A Lānaì City Expansion – This area would be approximately 546 acres on the west end. 36 It would include part of the existing County of Maui affordable housing lands and extend 37 south, below 9th Street to include the land area of the current sewage treatment plant. The 38 sewage treatment facility would be moved north of Paliamano Gulch. The Lāna‘i City 39 Expansion would be mixed use, which includes commercial, residential, and business 40 development. Street pattern and housing form would be similar to the historic areas of Lānaì 41 City. Acreage for some of the housing may be exchanged by Pūlama Lānaì for land within 42 the County of Maui’s affordable housing project, which currently has a 73 acre site. If 43 approved, this would allow construction of housing to occur at an earlier date and, over time, 44

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1 Table 9.2 Lana'i Community Plan Acreage by Proposed Growth Areas Land Use Designations - Draft Proposed Land Use Designations Public/ Proposed Growth Lanai City Com- Light Heavy Quasi- Total Areas Expansion Residential Hotel mercial Airport Industrial Industrial public Park Rural Conservation Acres Lāna`i City 1476 Lāna`i City Expansion* 546 University Campus 524 Tennis Academy 50 Linear Park /Drainage 270 Gateway Park 16 Rural Residential 50 Film Studios 20 Kahalepalaoa 537 Kahalepalaoa Village 250 Retreat Resort 20 Parks 7 Conservation Buffer 260 Airport 878 Airport Expansion 678 Miki Basin Industrial 65 100 Energy Park 35 Mānele 181 Mānele Mauka 83 Commercial 2 Park 20 Rural Residential 76 Kaumālapa'u 60 Ocean Resource Industrial 10 Residential 50 TOTAL ACRES 546 133 20 2 678 120 110 524 363 376 260 3132 * Note: Includes proposal to incorporate County of Maui Affordable Housing Project into new land use designation. CPAC DRAFT 9-30-13

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1 intermix the affordable housing with other housing throughout the County of Maui lands and th th 2 the Lānaì City expansion area for a more balanced housing community. Existing 5 and 9 3 Streets would be extended to intersect with a new bypass road that would cross the 4 Kaumalapaù Highway and loop north then east to end at the corner of Lānaì Avenue and 5 Keōmoku Road. 6 7 8 9.5B Tennis Academy Park - The tennis academy is proposed as approximately 50 acres of 9 park in the central education and recreation core. The concept is modeled after similar 10 programs that train professional tennis players. The academy would have dormitory housing 11 nearby and complete tennis facilities. Students would come from around the world seeking 12 training to prepare for international level competition. 13 14 15 9.5C Gateway Park – This park area of 16 acres expands the existing park at the junction of 16 Mānele Road and Kaumālapa‘u Highway. The park would provide an attractive entrance to 17 Lānaì City. Mānele Road would split into two roadways approximately 1000 feet south of 18 Kaumālapa‘u Highway. The second bypass road would divide the core education and 19 recreation area from the Lānaì City Expansion area, and would intersect with the outer 20 bypass road to the north. 21 22 23 9.5D University – Approximately 524 acres are proposed for a new university and research 24 institute on the western edge of the Lānaì City Expansion. The acreage reflects a reserve of 25 land to allow enough space to achieve an attractive campus design. 26 27 28 9.5E Paliamano Gulch Park – Approximately 275 acres of linear park and drainage along 29 the Paliamano Gulch. 30 31 32 9.5F Rural Residential – A rural residential area is proposed adjacent to Koele stables. The 33 50 acrearea is between Keomoku Road and Kopolihua Road with a proposed extension of 34 Fraser Avenue for additional road access. This rural residential area is intended to provide 35 larger lot sizes than lots within Lanai City and to allow farming. Lot sizes could range from 36 one-half acre to ten acres under the current Maui County zoning code. 37 38 39 9.5G Film Studios - Twenty two acres of light industrial land will be used for film studio 40 facilities. The warehouse-type structures will be sited to prevent the buildings from being 41 visible from Mānele Road. For proposed development areas described above, and as shown 42 on Lānaì City Area Conceptual Plan – Map 9.5, a determination will be made at the time of 43 entitlement as to whether a project district, detailed zoning, or other means, will achieve the 44 goals stated above.

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1 Kahalepalaoa Area– Map 9.6 2 3 The Kahalepalaoa Area conceptual plan includes proposed new development located along 4 the eastern Keōmoku Coast in the general area of Kahalepalaoa Landing (former Club Lānaì 5 site) and extending south toward Kikoa Point. The Kahalepalaoa Areas are as follows: 9.6A 6 Kahalepalaoa Retreat Resort, 9.6B Kahalepalaoa Village rural residential, 9.6C Kikoa Point 7 and Kahalepalaoa Landing Beach Parks, 9.6D Conservation Buffer. The new destination 8 resort would provide an alternative hotel experience to the other two Lānaì resorts by being 9 small in scale, private, views toward both Maui and Moloka’i, and would feature a Hawaiian 10 village style with low-impact, environmentally sensitive design. An open space coastal 11 preserve would follow the coastline, while a permanent conservation buffer surrounds the 12 proposed development areas. The new resort and residential area will require development 13 of suitable access. 14 15 9.6A Kahalepalaoa Retreat Resort – The Retreat Resort would have up to 100 guest units 16 on approximately 20 acres in the general location of Kahalepalaoa Landing (the former Club 17 Lānaì). Hotel units would be individual structures built in a Hawaiian Village style with a low- 18 impact, eco-friendly design. There would be a Beach Club. 19 20 9.6B Kahalepalaoa Village Rural Residential – An area limited to 250 acres for rural 21 residential would parallel the coastline between Kahalepaloa Landing and Kikoa Point. Rural 22 residential lots would be approximately 5-acre, or larger, estates for up to a maximum of 50 23 total residences within the village. 24 25 9.6C Kikoa Point and Kahalepalaoa Landing Beach Parks – Kikoa Point Beach Park 26 would be approximately 4 acres and Kahalepalaoa Landing Beach Park would be 27 approximately 3 acres. A shoreline access trail would connect the two beach parks parallel 28 to the shoreline setback line and makai of Kahalepalaoa Village and Kahalepalaoa Retreat 29 Resort. The shoreline access trail would also follow the shore to the south of Kikoa Point 30 until meeting the relocated Old Government Road. Additional shoreline access trails will 31 ensure public access to the coast per Maui County Code. 32 33 9.6D Conservation Buffer - A permanent conservation area, approximately 260 acres, will 34 be established in, and managed by, a land trust in perpetuity, and will preserve lands 35 surrounding the Kahalepalaoa Retreat Resort and the Kahalepalaoa Village rural residential 36 areas. This conservation buffer shall prevent expansion of future development outside of the 37 Kahalepalaoa Retreat Resort and Village Residential area. The Conservation Buffer shall be 38 a minimum depth of 1000 feet on the mauka side of the Kahalepalaoa Village, and extend 39 north and south along the coastline 1000 feet including the two parks’ boundaries. Any 40 existing privately owned rural residential parcels (in-holdings) will be excluded from the 41 Conservation Buffer land trust. The Old Government Road would be partly within the 42 Conservation Buffer, except for the relocated portion of the road that would follow the outside, 43 mauka edge of the Kahalepalaoa Village residential area. 44

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1 For proposed development areas described above, and as shown on Kahalepalaoa Area 2 Conceptual Plan – Map 9.6, a determination will be made at the time of entitlement as to 3 whether a project district, detailed zoning, or other means, will achieve the goals stated 4 above. 5 6 7 Airport Area– Map 9.7 8 9 The Airport Area conceptual plan’s goals are to improve the experience of flying into Lānaì 10 by improving transportation facilities, and to consolidate industrial uses. The land use areas 11 are as follows: 9.7A Airport Expansion, 9.7B Miki Basin Industrial, and 9.7C Energy Park. 12 13 9.7A Airport Expansion - The Airport Expansion would add approximately 680 acres to the 14 existing airport to increase lift capacity of Lānaì airport with a new 7-8,000 foot runway. In 15 addition, supporting facilities, a taxiway, and hangar area would support an anticipated 16 increase in air transportation. 17 18 9.7B Miki Basin Industrial – The existing industrial uses on Miki Road would be expanded 19 in a proposed industrial area of approximately 200 acres, divided into approximately 100 20 acres each of light and heavy industrial. Light industrial from within Lānaì City would also be 21 moved and consolidated in this area. It would also serve as a staging area for shipments 22 from the harbor to be distributed closer to town. 23 24 9.7C Energy Park - Approximately 35 acres of the light industrial would be adjacent to the 25 industrial area and airport for energy generation. Example of uses may be solar energy or 26 algae farms for biofuels. 27 28 29 Mānele Mauka Area– Map 9.8 30 31 Mānele Mauka Area conceptual plan proposes approximately 180 acres for primarily 32 residential use and amenities such as a park and community center as the following areas: 33 9.8A Mānele Mauka, 9.8B Commercial, 9.8C Park, and 9.8D Rural. 34 35 9.8A Mānele Mauka – Mānele Mauka, approximately 83 acres, would be close to Mānele 36 Bay Resort and Hulopo‘e Bay, and would have a variety of housing types, some with ocean 37 views, within a compact walkable neighborhood. The concept includes compact, walkable, 38 urban density residential with single and multi-family units, including housing for seniors. 39 Mānele Mauka is located south of the junction of Mānele Road and Kaupili Road with open 40 agricultural lands bordering both roads to retain views. Road access would initially be via 41 Mānele Road and Kaupili Road; Hulopo‘e Drive would be opened at a later time to connect to 42 the Mānele Project District. 43

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1 9.8B Commercial – To service the Mānele Mauka community there would be approximately 2 2 acres of commercial land. It is anticipated that the businesses would reduce trips into town 3 for gas, groceries and similar residential needs. 4 5 9.8C Park - An approximately 20 acre community park area would be centrally located in the 6 Mānele Mauka residential area. The park would contain a community center and the reservoir 7 on the outer, eastern edge. 8 9 9.8D Rural Residential – Due west of the Mānele Project District and above Poopoo and the 10 coastline, 76 acres is proposed as rural residential housing. 11 12 For proposed development areas described above, and as shown on Mānele Area 13 Conceptual Plan Area – Map 9.8, a determination will be made at the time of entitlement as 14 to whether a project district, detailed zoning, or other means, will achieve the goals stated 15 above. 16 17 18 Kaumālapa‘u Area– Map 9.9 19 20 The Kaumālapa‘u Area conceptual plan creates ocean resources heavy industrial and 21 residential areas along the Kaumālapa‘u Highway above the harbor. The two areas are as 22 follows: 9.9A Ocean Resource Heavy Industrial, 9-9B Kaumālapa‘u Harbor Residential. 23 24 9.9 A Ocean Resources Heavy Industrial – Approximately 10 acres of Ocean Resources 25 Heavy Industrial is proposed as a new area up the highway from the harbor heavy industrial 26 area. Industrial development will be limited to harbor or ocean related activities to potentially 27 include aquaculture, fish farming, and processing facilities. The Ocean Resources Heavy 28 Industrial area is south of the highway and adjacent to the western edge of the quarry. 29 30 9.9 B Kaumālapa‘u Harbor Residential – The concept proposes creating a residential 31 area on approximately 50 acres of land above the harbor and south of Kaumālapa‘u 32 Highway. There would be ocean view sites and a community garden/farm. Residential areas 33 would be sited to reduce visibility of housing from the highway and to retain view corridors 34 from the highway to the coast. 35 36 For proposed development areas described above, and as shown on Kaumālapa‘u Area 37 Conceptual Plan Area – Map 9.9, a determination will be made at the time of entitlement as 38 to whether a project district, detailed zoning, or other means, will achieve the goals stated 39 above.

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1 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 2 3 4 5 Issue 1: State Land Use designations and Lāna`i Community Plan designations 6 are inconsistent. 7 8 Strategy 1: Identify State land use designations that are inconsistent with Lana`i 9 Community Plan land use designations and work to bring them into 10 agreement. 11 12 Issue 2: Interim zoned lands lack specific zoning standards. 13 14 Strategy 2: Conduct a comprehensive review of interim zoned lands to identify 15 appropriate zoning following a thorough review of updated Community Plan 16 land use designations. 17 18 Issue 3: Due to development, wetlands, riparian areas, forests, and traditional 19 use lands need protection from degradation and loss. 20 21 Strategy 3: Identify and map natural and cultural resource areas and provide guidelines 22 for development, such as Best Management Practices, to ensure protection 23 of significant natural and traditional use lands. 24 25 Issue 4: Several Memorandum(s) of Agreement (MOA) and unilateral 26 agreements may not be in compliance. 27 28 Strategy 4: Work with landowner(s) to review MOA(s) and unilateral agreements, and 29 determine actions needed to bring into compliance.

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1 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 2 3 4 GOAL Retain and enhance Lānaì’s rural character, respecting its vast open 5 space lands and small island town environment, which are unique in the 6 State of Hawaiì. 7 8 9 Objectives 10 . Urban expansion and development occurs in areas planned for such uses. 11 12 . Important agricultural lands are maintained and protected from urban 13 development. 14 15 . Urban development occurs in a coordinated manner, consistent with the 16 Community Plan, and in conjunction with the provision of infrastructure. 17 18 Policies 19 20 1. Limit State Urban District boundary expansion and County urban zoning to 21 areas designated as urban use on the Lānaì Community Plan Land Use map. 22 23 2. Limit new residential, commercial, or infrastructure development to existing 24 communities and proposed expansion areas as shown on the Lānaì 25 Community Plan Land Use map. 26 27 3. Manage Lānaì Airport lands to include commercial and industrial airport facility 28 development within Airport boundaries wherever possible. Expand airport 29 boundaries to allow extension of existing runway and to develop a second 30 runway, with the least impacts to Lāna‘i City. 31 32 4. Encourage conservation of existing Agricultural Lands of Importance to the 33 State of Hawaii (ALISH) agricultural lands classified as Unique Agricultural 34 Land and Other Important Agricultural Land for agricultural use rather than for 35 development. 36 37 5. Discourage developing or subdividing productive agricultural lands for 38 residential uses where the residence would be the primary use and any 39 agricultural activities would be secondary uses. 40 41 6. Encourage cluster housing, conservation subdivision design (CSD), or the use 42 of green spaces/natural separations to protect the character of rural and 43 agricultural landscapes. 44

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1 7. Discourage approvals of Special Use Permits in State Agricultural and Rural 2 Districts unless: (1) to accommodate public/quasi-public facility uses such as 3 utility installations, landfills and wastewater treatment plants whose location is 4 determined by technical considerations; (2) supportive of agricultural uses; or 5 (3) required for the use or distribution of economic resources and not 6 otherwise adversely affecting the environment or surrounding agricultural 7 uses; or (4) to allow very low-impact accommodations (non-permanent 8 structure or tent ) to support small-scale eco-, cultural-, or adventure-tourism. 9 10 8. Discourage urban level development in remote areas that would create a 11 future demand for public infrastructure, facilities, or services, unless (1) shown 12 as urban on the Lana`i Community Plan Land Use Map and (2) a development 13 agreement provides fiscal neutrality for the County by whatever means 14 necessary. 15 16 9. Establish a predictable and timely development approval process for requests 17 that meet Community Plan policies and land use regulatory requirements. 18 19 10. Ensure all lands are zoned and zoning standards are consistent with 20 Community Plan policies and objectives. 21 22 11. Facilitate the provision of infrastructure and public facilities and services prior 23 to, or concurrently with, development, including provision for on-going 24 maintenance through district funding or other funding mechanism.

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1 Actions

Table 9.3 Land Use

Policy Lead No. Action County Partners No. Agency

Conduct a comprehensive review of interim zoned lands to identify and adopt zoning that is consistent Pūlama Lāna‘i 4,10,11 Planning 9.01 with the Community Plan. The process shall include Department consultation with affected property owners and assessment of potential impacts of rezoning. Work with landowner(s) and community stakeholders Pūlama Lāna‘i to make necessary adjustments to Project District Planning 9.02 2 zoning and development standards to facilitate project Department build-out.

Evaluate and establish zoning for airport land Pūlama Lāna‘i expansion, when needed for runway improvements State Planning 9.03 consistent with the Community Plan. Evaluate lands 3 Department of Department Transportation – between airport and Lāna`i City for compatible land Airport Division uses, particularly with respect to sound attenuation.

Amend the zoning ordinance to permit low-impact DLNR accommodations for small scale eco-, cultural-, or Planning 9.04 adventure tourism in Open Space, Parks or 4, 8 Department Conservation lands through the issuance of a State Special Permit or County Special Use Permit.

Develop and adopt regulations that establish permit Planning 9.05 review timelines and a more transparent, efficient, and 10 Department equitable permit process.

Revise subdivision regulation to permit clustering and Dept. of Conservation Subdivision Design within the Rural and Public Works 9.06 5, 6, 7 Agricultural Districts. Planning Department

Develop and provide incentives to landowner(s) to Planning 9.07 5, 6, 7 preserve and protect agricultural lands. Department

Revise guidelines and standards for provision and Dept of Public Works 9.08 phasing of public facilities and services for new 9, 13 Planning development. Department

Concurrent with new major development, revise the Pūlama Lāna‘i State Land Use urban and rural designations to be Planning 9.09 1 consistent with the Lāna‘i Community Plan Land Use Department map.

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1 10 | URBAN DESIGN 2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 Background 8 9 Lānaì City was originally conceived by James Dole as a new town in 1923. Today it is the 10 last intact plantation town in the State of Hawaii. Built to be a self-sufficient ‘company’ town, 11 Lānaì City’s commercial district is organized around the rectangular shaped Dole Park and 12 surrounded by a grid pattern of residential streets. Most of the ‘plantation style’ structures 13 were built between 1927 and 1938. One of the most significant character defining elements 14 of Lānaì City is the abundant plantings of Cook Island Pines throughout the town, which, now 15 that the mature trees are 60-100’ tall, gives the town the unique ambiance of being nestled in 16 a forest. The landscaping, the rectilinear street pattern, the centralized commercial land uses 17 around a large green park and the small scale of the buildings embodies many of the best 18 qualities of late 19th / early 20th century American town planning. In 2009, the National Trust 19 for Historic Preservation included Lānaì City on its list of the Top 10 “Most Endangered” 20 historic sites in the United States. 21 22 Existing Conditions 23 24 Most of Lānaì City’s original structures are still standing, however in recent years some 25 buildings– both commercial and residential - have been demolished and replaced with new 26 construction. There are also a number of structures that are empty and falling into 27 substantial disrepair, becoming so termite infested to the point where they cannot be 28 renovated and restored resulting in what has amounted to ‘demolition by neglect’. Residents 29 of Lānaì greatly value the unique character of their town and would like to see the town’s 30 design character maintained and enhanced, while, at the same time, allowing for 31 improvements for safety, efficiency, expansion and viability. There are design guidelines for 32 the Business Country Town area of Lānaì City. The other settlements on the island – Kōèle 33 and Mānele - also have their own design character. As project districts these areas have 34 design guidelines under their project district schedules. 35 36 There are three major projects proposed on the northwest edge of Lānaì City (DHHL, County 37 affordable housing and DOE campus expansion) that, taken together, represent a 38 considerable extension of the existing town, totaling over 150 acres. In addition, Pūlama 39 Lānaì has conceptual expansion plans designed to accommodate projected population 40 growth due to anticipated increased economic activity. The projects are planned to be 41 constructed in phases over the next 25 years and will require infrastructure upgrades and 42 expansions. Infrastructure needs, and urban design should be coordinated between all 3

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1 projects and with the existing town so that efficiencies can be achieved and the urban design 2 of the projects work together to provide an appropriate and seamless expansion of Lānaì 3 City. 4 5 The Cook Island Pines that were planted throughout Lānaì City are mature, and some are 6 reaching the end of their lifespan. Some trees will have to be cut down, and replaced, as 7 they age, get diseased, and potentially cause property damage. 8 9 10 11 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 12 13 14 Issue 1: The array, quality, and integrity of the historic structures that make up 15 the core of Lānaì City are threatened by some structures not being 16 adequately maintained, others being demolished, and others being 17 renovated without care for their historic character. 18 19 Strategy 1A: Explore, analyze and implement the most effective strategies for preserving 20 and rehabilitating historic buildings within the BCT. 21 22 Strategy 1B: Protect Lānaì City’s unique small town character and plantation heritage by 23 supporting collaborative efforts to develop a vision and master plan for Lānaì 24 City that includes historic preservation of historic structures in the Business 25 Country Town (BCT) area. Prepare guidelines for the protection, preservation, 26 rehabilitation and restoration of structures in the BCT 27 28 Strategy 1C: Review, revise and enhance as necessary the BCT design guidelines for Lānaì 29 City to provide more detailed guidance for new construction as well as 30 renovation and reconstruction of existing structures. Review and amend the 31 BCT ordinance to allow flexible adaptive re-use. 32 33 34 Issue 2: Lānaì City’s intact and unique plantation era historic character could be 35 compromised by inappropriate new development and insensitive 36 renovation of existing structures. 37 38 Strategy 2A: Develop design guidelines for structures not only in Lānaì City but also outside 39 of the BCT area to provide guidance on appropriate form, scale, architectural 40 character, details and materials. 41 42 Issue 3: County standard parking requirements for commercial operations make it 43 expensive and difficult to obtain building permits, when the situation in

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1 Lānaì City is that there is ample parking surrounding Dole Park for the 2 surrounding businesses and institutions. 3 4 Strategy 3A: Create a comprehensive parking strategy for Lānaì City, and develop and 5 adopting less restrictive parking requirements as part of the revised Lānaì City 6 BCT Design Guidelines which would allow businesses to utilize public parking 7 surrounding Dole Park instead of developing new parking spaces on site. Review 8 and amend the BCT ordinance to be consistent with proposed guidelines. 9 10 11 Issue 4: The rural character of Lānaì City’s streetscapes could be compromised 12 by the imposition of modern street design standards which include 13 requirements for curb and gutter, sidewalks, wider lane widths, etc.). 14 15 Strategy 4: Develop specific rural and small town street design standards for Lānaì, which 16 would permit context sensitive street design and maintenance of the small town 17 streetscapes found in Lānaì City that includes streets without curbs and 18 gutters, overhead utilities and sidewalks. 19 20 21 Issue 5: Previous expansions of Lānaì City have utilized modern, curvilinear, 22 street network forms, breaking the small grid and intimate scale of Lānaì 23 City’s rural small town streets. 24 25 Strategy 5: Maintain, where possible, the overall gridded street network pattern for Lānaì 26 City, including new subdivisions and areas of expansion. 27 28 29 Issue 6: Pūlama Lānaì has conceptual plans to expand Lānaì City in order to 30 provide more housing (affordable as well as market rate) and a new 31 commercial/mixed use area as the population grows due to increased 32 economic activity. 33 34 Strategy 6A: Encourage Pūlama Lānaì to collaborate with the community and the County 35 on the development of site plans, building types, planning and design 36 standards, and design guidelines for any expansion of Lānaì City, as well as 37 for any new development areas, through interactive public design workshops 38 and design charrettes. 39 40 Strategy 6B: Create design standards and guidelines for the expansion of Lānaì City for 41 both commercial and residential properties, as well as streetscape/street 42 design guidelines. 43

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1 2 Issue 7: Loss of the array of Cook Island Pines in Lānaì City due to age or 3 disease would significantly alter the urban design character of the town. 4 5 Strategy 7: Develop a management and replanting plan for the Cook Island Pines 6 throughout Lānaì City. Explore options for appropriate alternative tree 7 species, depending on location and site. Cook Pines could be replanted if 8 appropriate for that location, or other alternative, native or indigenous and non- 9 invasive species could be used. 10 11 12 Issue 8: Inappropriate landscaping in settled areas consumes precious water 13 resources, has the potential to unleash invasive species, and blurs the 14 character of the native landscape. 15 16 Strategy 8: Develop a street tree planting plan for existing areas and new development. 17 Develop a guidance document for homeowners and landowners to address 18 both new and existing and landscapes that would promote the use of non- 19 invasive drought tolerant and climatic zoned native plants wherever possible. 20 21 22 Issue 9: Parks in Lānaì City are concentrated in the central area; outlying 23 neighborhoods have a lack of parks. 24 25 Strategy 9: Ensure that the urban design of any expansion of Lānaì City or development 26 of new residential areas provides for adequate parks and open spaces, as 27 required by Maui County Code title 18. 28 29 30 Issue 10: Unshielded street lights and playfield lighting cause glare and light 31 pollution that not only detracts from the rural character of Lānaì but also 32 causes problems for migrating and nesting sea-birds. 33 34 Strategy 10: Ensure that street lighting is minimized and that street lights use shielding to 35 prevent unnecessary light pollution.

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1 2 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 3 4 5 6 GOAL Protect and enhance Lānaì’s unique urban design character through design 7 standards and guidelines . 8 9 Objectives 10  Protect, preserve, maintain and enhance Lānaì City’s unique plantation 11 town character. 12 13  Maintain and enhance the traditional small town streetscape design and 14 road network of Lānaì City as well as the rural roadscapes outside of town. 15 16  Enhance the landscape of Lānaì City, and other settlement areas, through 17 the use of native or other appropriate, indigenous, non-invasive and 18 drought tolerant plants. 19 20  Ensure that new development in Lānaì City and expansion of LanaÌ City 21 respects and enhances the urban design character of the plantation town, 22 including expansion of the gridded street network and the design character 23 of new construction. 24 25  Ensure that the urban and architectural design of new development areas 26 is in keeping with the rural, small town character of the island. 27 28 29 Policies 30 1. Encourage infill residential construction and development in Lānaì City 31 that responds to and enhances the architectural character of the 32 plantation era buildings. 33 34 2. Ensure that proposed land uses and land use patterns in Lānaì City are 35 consistent and compatible with the historic design character of Lānaì 36 City. 37 38 3. Promote the development of a variety of recreational facilities for both 39 active and passive uses. 40 41 4. Encourage the planting of suitable street trees species in new and 42 existing areas and the replacement of Cook Island Pines, if appropriate. 43 44

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1 Actions

Table 10.1 Urban Design

Policy County No. Action No. Agency Partners

Explore, analyze and implement regulatory and Pūlama 10.01 financial mechanisms for preserving and Planning Dept. Lāna`i rehabilitating historic buildings within the BCT .

Prepare a vision and master plan for Lāna`i City, Pūlama 10.02 through collaborative efforts that include historic 2 Planning Dept. Lāna`i preservation of structures in the BCT area.

Revise and enhance the BCT design guidelines for Lāna`i City to provide more detailed guidance for Pūlama 10.03 new construction as well as renovation and 1, 2 Planning Dept. Lāna`i reconstruction of existing structures for adaptive re- use.

Develop design guidelines for structures in Lana`i City, but outside of the BCT area to provide Pūlama 10.04 2 Planning Dept. guidance on appropriate form, scale, architectural Lāna`i character, details and materials.

Create a comprehensive parking strategy for Lāna`i City: develop and adopt less restrictive parking requirements as part of the revised BCT Design Pūlama 10.05 2 Planning Dept. Guidelines to allow businesses to utilize public Lāna`i parking surrounding Dole Park instead of developing new parking spaces on site.

Develop specific rural and small town street design standards for the Island which would permit context Public Works Pūlama 10.06 sensitive street design and maintenance of the rural 2 Planning Dept. Lāna`i streetscapes without curbs, gutters and overhead utilites, as found in Lāna`i City.

Develop a street tree planting plan, for existing and new development. Research and explore different Parks Pūlama 10.07 street tree options for planting in Lāna`i City and the 4 Department Lāna`i expansion areas. Planning Dept.

Develop subdivision standards and design Public Works guidelines for any expansion of Lāna`i City that Development Pūlama 10.08 continues and expands the rectilinear street grid (2) Services (DSA) Lāna`i and rural roadway standards, and the plantation Planning Dept. town character of new buildings and residences.

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Table 10.1 Urban Design

Policy County No. Action No. Agency Partners

Department The County and State will need to coordinate Planning Dept. of Hawaiian phasing and build-out of the three projects (DHHL, Public Works Homelands DOE, County Affordable Housing) and needed Housing and (DHHL) 10.09 infrastructure improvements to maximize community Human Department benefits, minimize costs and ensure a seamless Concerns of Education and complementary incorporation of these projects (DOE) into the community. Pūlama Lāna`i

Develop an urban forestry management plan for the Cook Pines on County and public property throughout Lāna`i City. Include options for the Parks Dept. planting of native, or indigenous and non-invasive Pūlama 10.10 4 Planning Dept. species where appropriate, and consider replanting Lāna`i

Cook Pines only where there is adequate space for the mature trees. Encourage Pūlama Lāna`i to adopt a similar plan.

Produce a guidance document for homeowners and landowners to address new landscapes as well as Pūlama 10.11 renovation of existing landscapes to encourage the 4 Planning Dept. Lāna`i use non-invasive, drought tolerant and climatic zoned plants wherever possible

Develop standards for street lighting that mandate ‘dark sky’ shielding of lamps in order to minimize Planning Dept. Pūlama 10.12 light pollution and glare. Explore options for LED 2 Public Works Lāna`i Lighting to not only save energy but also to provide a more point-like light source.

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1 11 | HOUSING 2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 During the 1920s, as pineapple production expanded to become the primary industry on Lānaì, 8 more than 600 plantation style houses were constructed by Hawaiian Pineapple Company to 9 house the influx of workers. The island now has around 1,400 dwelling units, most of which were 10 built as the economic base shifted to tourism during the 1980s and 1990s. Lānaì may be on the 11 cusp of another housing construction boom as plans to diversify the island’s economy are 12 realized. 13 14 While this new development will likely improve the economy, there are challenges. The provision 15 of housing needs to address factors that affect affordability, as well as neighborhoods and 16 communities. Special needs populations may require affordability and/or special housing types. 17 In tourism or scenic areas, investment or second home purchases may put upward pressure on 18 prices if the property is used for a tourism rental rather than an owner-occupied or long-term 19 rental home. 20 21 Housing affordability is a problem throughout the County and Lānaì is no exception. Without 22 reasonably priced housing Lānaì, like other Maui communities, will experience high rates of 23 crowding, and lower ownership rates, and more people per household. The ability of residents 24 to purchase or rent can improve when there is an accessory - òhana - unit to provide rental 25 income or to house family members. Housing affordability improves when residences are built in 26 areas where infrastructure can be provided economically and within proximity of employment 27 and services. Regulations or zoning may need modification to accommodate a variety of 28 housing types, lot sizes, or mixed use neighborhoods that would bring housing closer to the 29 workplace. 30 31 Background 32 33 The County of Maui has a number of policies and provisions in place to address its stated goal of 34 ensuring quality, island-appropriate housing is available to all residents. The Countywide Policy 35 Plan Section IV (E)(1)(a) Expand Housing Opportunities for Residents specifically addresses 36 affordable housing: 37 38 Ensure that an adequate and permanent supply of affordable housing, both 39 new and existing units, is made available for purchase or rental to our 40 resident and/or workforce population, with special emphasis on providing 41 housing for low- to moderate-income families, and ensure that all affordable 42 housing remains affordable in perpetuity.

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1 The Mānele and Kō‘ele project district ordinances both contain provisions requiring the 2 development and coordination of an affordable housing program for residents of Lānaì. 3 4 In addition, the Maui County Code of Ordinances Chapter 2.96 – Residential Workforce Housing 5 Policy requires that any new development of five or more dwelling units and/or lots include plans 6 to ensure that a number of affordable residential workforce housing units will also be provided. 7 The provision also applies to development of three or more lodging, dwelling, or time share units 8 in a hotel; conversion of one or more hotel units to dwelling units or time share; or any hotel 9 redevelopment or renovation project that increases the number of units. The workforce housing 10 requirement can be satisfied by providing for-sale units, rental units, or by paying a fee. The 11 number of workforce units required is either 25% or 50% of the total number of market rate units 12 depending on their sales price. 13 14 15 Existing Conditions 16 17 A majority of the island’s population lives within Lānaì City. Additional housing is located in the 18 Mānele and Kō‘ele project districts. Pūlama Lānaì is the primary provider of rental housing, with 19 455 single-family and multi-family units within Lānaì City. The American Community Survey 20 (ACS) 2007-2011 5-year estimated home ownership rate on Lānaì was 59.4%. This was 21 slightly higher than the county rate of 58.3% and the state average of 58.7%, but less than the 22 64.6% national average1. 23 24 The ACS 2007-2011 5-year estimated median household income on Lānaì was $69,464, 25 compared to Maui Island’s $64,583, and the State’s $67,116. For the same period the median 26 Lānaì home value was $452,000 compared to Maui County at $594,400. Housing prices and 27 rents on Lānaì have consistently been lower than Maui County as a whole, The U.S. 28 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines housing affordability as a 29 household that pays less than 30% of its annual income on housing. Table 11.1 shows that an 30 estimated 17% of Lānaì renters pay more than the HUD affordable rate for housing costs versus 31 55% of Maui County renters and 56% of Hawaii renters. 32 33 Table 11.1. Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income Gross Lānaì Maui County Hawaii Rent as a Renter Percent Renter Percent Renter Percent % of Households Households Households Household Income Less than 263 83% 8,871 45% 73,455 44% 30.0 percent

30.0 percent 52 17% 10,793 55% 93,427 56% or more 34

1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007‐2011 American Community Survey 5‐Year Estimates.

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1 Table 11.2 shows that an estimated 61% of Lānaì home owners with mortgages pay more than 2 the HUD affordable rate for housing costs versus 53% of Maui County home owners and 49% of 3 Hawaii owners. So although a relatively low number of Lānaì renters pay unaffordable rents by 4 HUD standards, the opposite is true for home owners on Lānaì; a higher percentage of them are 5 paying unaffordable monthly home ownership costs compared to owners in Maui County as well 6 as the rest of Hawaii. 7

8 Table 11.2. Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentage of Household Income (for homes 9 with mortgages) ā Maui County Hawaii Monthly Owner L na`i Costs as a % of Owner Percent Owner Percent Owner Percent Household Income Households Households Households Less than 30.0 162 39% 10,128 47% 91,576 51% percent 30.0 percent or 257 61% 11,642 53% 87,097 49% more 10 11

12 The Department of Hawaiian Home Lands has had 55 lots available to qualified Native 13 Hawaiians since 2005; about 65% of the lots are leased. DHHL recognizes that many 14 homestead applicants are unable to qualify for home loans after being awarded a lot. To 15 address this issue, DHHL developed the Home Ownership Assistance Program, which offers 16 classes on financial literacy, job training, and placement services.

17 A proposed County affordable housing project is located on 73 gross acres on the west side of 18 Lāna`i City. The project as planned is comprised of 372 affordable residential units: 199 for sale 19 lots and 173 multi-family rental and for sale units. Two parks are planned including five acres for 20 a community center and four acres for a detention basin. The project is planned in five phases 21 over a period of 17 years.

22 Since Pūlama Lānaì purchased Castle & Cooke’s holdings on Lānaì, there has been increased 23 investment and increased employment on the island which has resulted in a shortage of 24 housing. In the short term, Pūlama Lānaì’s options for building more housing are limited as the 25 only entitled lands near Lānaì City are within the County’s planned housing project and within 26 the Kō‘ele Project District. In the long term, Pūlama Lānaì would like to expand residential 27 areas in order to accommodate what is expected to be a growing population.

28 Lānaì also has a number of Transient Vacation Rentals (TVR’s) and Bed and Breakfast 29 accommodations. The conversion of houses to TVR’s and B&B’s has reduced the inventory of 30 housing available for residents on Maui and has created some conflicts with neighbors. The 31 County recently created/revised regulations regarding TVR’s and B&B’s: however those 32 regulations were aimed at the situation on Maui. Vacation rentals on Lānaì will require 33 regulations that are tailored to the unique situation on Lānaì.

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1 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES

2 3 4 Issue 1: There is a lack of affordable housing on Lānaì. 5 6 Strategy 1A: Gain a better understanding of the problem by surveying Lānaì residents (and 7 temporary workers) about their present and future housing needs and desires. 8 9 Strategy 1B: Work with Pūlama Lānaì to project future population growth and housing 10 needs, based on their plans for new development. 11 12 Strategy 1C: Encourage Pūlama Lānaì to explore all options for building new affordable 13 housing. 14 15 Strategy 1D: Work with the community and public-private partners to establish a community 16 land trust to reduce the affordability gap between median income levels and 17 housing costs. Investigate whether Na Hale ‘O Maui, a community land trust on 18 Maui, would consider operating on Lānaì. 19 20 Issue 2: The County Department of Housing and Human Concerns has land use 21 entitlements, and preliminary plans, for an affordable housing 22 development; however, the County does not currently have the funding to 23 begin developing the project and there is an immediate need for more 24 housing. 25 26 Strategy 2: Encourage the Department of Housing and Human Concerns and the County to 27 collaborate with Pūlama Lānaì to swap land so that Pūlama Lānaì can begin 28 immediate development and construction of housing. In exchange, the County’s 29 affordable housing will be developed incrementally at multiple sites in the 30 company’s proposed expansion areas. 31 32 Issue 3: There is a lack of housing choices available at different price levels and 33 housing sizes. 34 35 Strategy 3A: Encourage new development to include a variety of lot sizes and housing types. 36 37 Issue 4: There is an increasing need for housing and services for special needs 38 populations 39 40 Strategy 4A: Form partnerships to establish and provide housing and residential care for 41 special needs populations. Form partnerships between the County Department 42 of Housing and Human Concerns, State Department of Health, non-profits,

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1 private landowners, and the community to establish a elder care infrastructure 2 system. Housing that allows aging-in-place may require supportive building 3 code standards. Evaluate all special needs groups to ensure an adequate 4 supply of quality housing is provided at all income levels. 5 6 Issue 5: Lānaì has a number of vacation rental properties (including Bed and 7 Breakfasts) that cater to hunters, kamaàina tourists, short stay visitors 8 but most do not have County permits. 9 10 Strategy 5: Work with Lānaì residents and the Lānaì Planning Commission to develop 11 unique vacation rental regulations for Lānaì.

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C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS

GOAL Housing that meets the needs of all Lāna`i’s residents in order to ensure a healthy and vibrant social and economic environment.

Objectives . Increase the long-term supply of housing for multiple income levels.

. Housing opportunities that are affordable, safe, and environmentally and socially beneficial.

. Increase the variety of housing types that are available for sale or rent/lease.

Policies

1. Support initiatives, plans, and regulations that keep housing affordable in perpetuity.

2. Require County mandated affordable housing be subject to buy back provision so that affordable units are not sold for profit and taken out of the affordable housing stock.

3. Require County subsidized affordable rental housing remain available as rental housing at affordable rents.

4. Expedite permit process and provide incentives for safe, environmentally, and socially beneficial housing projects.

5. Encourage development of a mix of quality multi-family and single family housing units to expand housing choices and price points.

6. Support opportunities for multigenerational housing and efficient use of existing infrastructure through the development of `ohana units on Lāna`i.

7. Ensure that elderly residents and residents with special needs have access to appropriate housing.

8. Support self-help housing as a means of addressing affordable housing needs for Lāna`i residents.

9. Promote the sale of rental residential properties to current occupants as a means of encouraging homeownership by residents.

10. Require the development of employee housing in connection with the establishment of major economic development initiatives.

11. Encourage the County to work collaboratively with Pūlama Lāna`i in order to build affordable housing incrementally throughout the town and the island.

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Actions

Table 11.3 Housing Actions Policy County No. Action No. Agency Partners

Department of Develop and implement a comprehensive affordable Housing and 11.01 housing plan for Lāna`i. within one year of adoption of 1 Human Pūlama Lāna`i the Community Plan. Concerns

(DHHC) Work with Pūlama Lāna`i to implement a housing

11.02 rehabilitation loans, grants and/or technical assistance DHHC Pūlama Lāna`i and community outreach.

Revise the County’s Workforce Housing Ordinance to 11.03 DHHC Pūlama Lāna`i address Lāna`i’s particular situation.

Amend zoning codes to allow for a greater variety of Planning Dept. 11.04 housing types, including: mixed-use, mixed housing 1

types, co-housing, prefabricated homes, and small lot development.

Provide assistance with securing / leveraging federal grants, Low Income Housing Tax Credits, and other 11.05 DHHC resources that support affordable housing and price points.

Department of Review and revise, as needed, building codes to allow 11.06 7 Public Works aging-in-place housing adaptations. Planning Dept.

Develop a plan for establishing a long-term care Pūlama Lānaì 11.07 infrastructure on Lānaì – including long term and short 7 DHHC Lānaì Changes term supportive housing, palliative care and hospice facilities. Provide adequate government-sponsored affordable 11.08 housing units to be used by government personnel and 3, 10 DHHC Lānaì residents.

Work with Lānaì residents and the Lānaì Planning Planning Dept. 11.09 Commission to develop unique vacation rental Lānaì Planning

regulations for Lāna`i. Commission

Work with Pūlama Lāna`i to re-configure and develop DHHC 11.10 housing on the County’s affordable housing site more 1, 4 Planning Dept. Pūlama Lāna`i rapidly. Mayor’s Office

Hold workshops with the community to explore different housing types and development patterns that could be 11.11 11 Planning Dept. Pūlama Lāna`i utilized in an expansion of Lāna`i City, or in the development of new residential areas.

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1 12 | GOVERNANCE 2 3 4 5 A. INTRODUCTION 6 7 Lānaì is one of five islands that comprise the County of Maui and the County is the sole local 8 government for the three inhabited islands of Maui Nui; there are no townships or villages 9 with separate municipal governments. Legislative representation on the County level is 10 served by a single member, who sits on the Maui County Council in Wailuku on Maui Island. 11 The County civic center, also located in Wailuku, is distant and not readily accessible to 12 Lānaì residents. 13 14 Having the county seat located on the island of Maui makes participation in Council meetings 15 difficult for Lānaì residents, however, recent improvements in telecommunications have 16 enabled them to participate remotely. Lānaì has a diverse population, including residents 17 who cannot speak English and need translation services in order to provide testimony or 18 comments. 19 20 The Lānaì Planning Commission has regularly scheduled monthly meetings providing a 21 forum where residents bring forward various issues, but not always issues appropriate for 22 land use and planning meetings. Occasionally, additional County-sponsored public meetings 23 provide a more appropriate forum for a variety of community issues. 24 25 Approximately 98% of the island is the private property of a single landowner, Pūlama Lānaì. 26 As a result, some of the infrastructure and community services that are traditionally 27 government responsibilities are the responsibility of the owner and public needs are subject 28 to private funding limitations. 29 30 31 B. ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 32 33 34 Issue 1: There has been a history of a lack of effective communication between 35 residents and the primary landowner. 36 37 Strategy 1a: Establish regularly scheduled forums for cooperative communication 38 between Lānaì residents, Pūlama Lānaì, and the island’s major employers. 39 40 Strategy 1b: Develop a formalized process that will ensure ongoing open communications 41 between residents and the major land owner regarding issues of importance 42 such as management of Lānaì’s water resources. 43

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L ā na`i Community Plan

1 Issue 2: There are insufficient opportunities for public participation in County 2 government councils, commissions, committees, and boards. 3 Strategy 2A: Provide a variety of information sources and technological connections for 4 citizens to understand and participate in their community and government. 5 6 Strategy 2B Develop improved government communications to address existing language 7 barriers. 8 9 Issue 3: Lānaì residents are concerned that there is a lack of effective 10 representation at all levels of government. 11 12 Strategy 3A: Explore ways of improving representation at all levels of government. 13 14 Strategy 3B: Encourage elected officials at all levels of government to conduct regularly 15 scheduled public information meetings on Lānaì. 16 17 18 19 C. GOAL, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, ACTIONS 20 21 22 23 GOAL Efficient, accessible County, State, and Federal government services to 24 all Lānaì residents. 25 26 27 Objectives 28  Improved communications to maintain cooperative working relationships. 29 30  Opportunities for all residents to participate in all levels of government. 31 32 33 Policies 34 1. Support the community in its efforts to have a more effective and 35 communicative relationship with the major landowner. 36 37 2. Encourage residents to participate in government decision-making. 38 39 3. Support the centralization of government services in the Lānaì City town 40 core. 41 42 4. Encourage and support the use of telecommunications technology to enable 43 Lānaì residents to provide testimony at public meetings and to connect them 44 with county government personnel.

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L ā na`i Community Plan

1 2 5. Ensure elected officials at all levels of government conduct regularly 3 scheduled public information meetings on Lānaì. 4 5 6. Maui County Boards and Commissions that make decisions on Lanaì issues 6 should hold meetings on Lanai throughout the entire process. 7 8 7. Encourage and support collaborative partnerships between Pūlama Lānaì 9 and government agencies regarding the provision of services, resource 10 management, infrastructure improvements and other issues of importance. 11 12 Actions 13

Table 12.1 – Governance Actions

Policy County No. Action Partners No. Agency

Provide a forum and facilitate regular meetings for the entire community and Pūlama Lāna`i Planning 12.01 1 representatives to discuss on-going issues and Dept. potential strategies for Community Plan implementation. Council Services 12.02 Increase the number of posted agendas and public 1 (OCS) notices printed in multiple languages. Office of the Mayor OCS 12.03 Conduct regularly-scheduled public information 1, 2, 5 Office of the meetings on-island Mayor

Continue to improve, promote, and publicize the Office of the 12.04 availability of telecommunications for county 2, 4 Mayor services and for participation in island of Maui based council meetings. State Study the feasibility for a County government office Office of the Agencies 12.05 2 building in Lāna`i City and explore the possibility of Mayor Federal sharing it with State and Federal partners. Agencies

OCS 12.06 Provide for timely decision making on the Island 2, 6 Office of the for all decision making bodies. Mayor

Create a program to educate and encourage the Office of the 12.07 2 use of telecommunications technologies available Mayor for public participation. OCS Office of the 12.08 Implement the use of social media to improve public 1, 2 Mayor communication. Planning Dept. 14 12 Governance Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC Final DRAFT September 30, 2013 12‐3

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13 | IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING

INTRODUCTION

The preceding chapters identify programs, projects, and regulatory actions that need implementation to actualize the Lāna`i Community Plan’s vision, principles, goals, and policies. Maui County Code 2.80B specifies an implementation program for the plan’s actions and milestones and status reports to monitor the progress of implementation. The implementation program includes a capital improvement element, a financial element and an implementation schedule.

The capital improvement element describes the infrastructure system and public facilities and services in two-year increments over a twenty-year planning period. Typical capitol improvement projects might include roads, sidewalks, bike paths, and pedestrian ways; local water and utility systems, local drainage improvements; community and neighborhood parks; and local public utilities.

The financial element will describe a fiscally sound financial program for identified actions and capital improvements. Currently a consultant is developing this program for the Maui Island Plan and this Community Plan will adopt that methodology.

The implementation schedule is included in this chapter as a draft. Once actions are finalized as recommendations, they will be prioritized. After prioritization start dates and completion dates, estimated costs, and funding sources will be added to the implementation schedule.

To monitor the implementation of actions specific milestones will be developed to measure progress in meeting the plan’s vision, goals, and policies. Milestones consider federal, state, and county economic, demographic, and other significant quality-of-life indicators. The implementation schedule indicates the agencies responsible for particular programs, capital projects, or regulations. These agencies are required to prepare annual status reports that are submitted to the Planning Director. The Planning Director will prepare a report that provides a detailed explanation of implementation and enforcement.

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Lāna`i Community Plan CPAC DRAFT September 2013 Implementation Actions

Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

ENVIR./NR Map primary water recharge areas for highest protection and Envir. / NR 3.01 restoration effort. Map secondary water recharge areas that may Project Planning County, State be susceptible to pollutant infiltration.

Protect and restore both wet and dryland forests. Develop specific actions, baseline survey maps, and key messages. Increase implementation capacity and on-going stewardship Continue efforts to control feral animals. Program/ Environmental Envir. / NR 3.02 Conduct or coordinate public education and involvement events County Coordinator to increase community stewardship. Projects Install interpretive signage, Educate shipping companies on invasive species Develop native tree planting program and establish nursery. Re-establish Forest and Watershed Partnership.

Develop a toolbox of green infrastructure best management Public Works, Envir. / NR 3.03 Project County, State practices. Planning Develop a toolbox of best management practices (BMPs) for use by citizens and business to improve ecosystems and water quality, in urban areas. Provide assistance or workshops on Public Works, Envir. / NR 3.04 Project County, State BMPs and education to change business and household Planning practices. Maintain a website for public education on water quality pollution prevention and BMPs. Use system of roads or trails as firebreaks. Construct small County, CIP Envir. / NR 3.05 water storage reservoirs for fire suppression in consultation with Fire & Public Safety Private small-scale the landowner(s). landowner(s) Hold educational forums on the protection of coastal waters to discuss current activities and programs, e.g. Hawaiian Islands Environmental Envir. / NR 3.06 Program County Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, or fish farms and Coordinator water quality issues.

Coordinate with landowner(s) to construct small-scale water Federal grant, retention projects to increase infiltration to the aquifer and control CIP County, Envir. / NR 3.07 Public Works surface flow Include bioretention methods to reduce sediment Private and nutrient loads from entering coastal waters. landowner(s) Conduct outreach to agricultural, ranching, and development Environmental Envir. / NR 3.08 interests to implement best management practices to reduce Program County Coordinator herbicides and pesticides.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 1 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Complete County inventory of scenic value lands to identify scenic resources Combine and map scenic resources with Planning - Long Envir. / NR 3.09 Project County State’s highest priority ecological areas to identify areas for Range protection. Work with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to initiate a Lānaì Makai Watch program to provide Environmental County, Envir. / NR 3.10 Program education and community involvement in the stewardship of the Coordinator Federal grant coastal areas. Federal grant, Develop a quarantine and inspection process for imported plant Environmental County, State, Envir. / NR 3.11 Project species. Coordinator Private landowner(s) Federal grant, Work with Pūlama Lānaì to establish a feral animal control Environmental County, State, Envir. / NR 3.12 program, conduct comprehensive study, and apply appropriate Project Coordinator game management techniques. Private landowner(s) HAZARD MITIGATION Establish Lānaì based Community Coordinator for County of Hazard 4.01 Maui Emergency Operations. Develop community volunteer Program Civil Defense County Mitigation network to assist emergency responders.

Implement the Maui County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, and Civil Defense, Hazard County, State, 4.02 subsequent updates, as far as it is consistent with the Lāna‘i Program Police, Mitigation Community Plan. Planning - Current Federal Seek community information on possible hazardous waste sites Hazard County, State, 4.03 buried decades ago, investigate, and use remediation when Project Civil Defense Mitigation needed. Federal Distribute information on hazard-mitigation: - Disaster planning, evacuation routes and formalized evacuation plans, and shelter location, Civil Defense, - Steps that homeowners or businesses can take to strengthen Fire & Public Safety, Hazard 4.04 and harden their buildings against disasters, Program Environmental County Mitigation - Fire prevention Coordinator - Household and small business best management practices for toxics (heavy metals) and hazardous waste disposal (include pharmaceuticals).

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 2 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Identify whether additional shelter space is needed that is Hazard capable of withstanding hurricane force winds or other natural 4.05 Project Civil Defense County Mitigation hazards, and the potential locations Provide back-up resources to have communication and emergency services if power is out.

Identify critical infrastructure, lifelines, roads, and structures that are vulnerable to coastal hazards and develop a more Hazard 4.06 coordinated emergency response system of well-defined and Project Civil Defense County Mitigation mapped evacuation routes Distribute emergency response information at camping sites and through school programs.

Identify critical infrastructure, lifelines, roads, and structures that are vulnerable to wildfires and develop a more coordinated Fire & Public Safety Hazard 4.07 emergency response system of well-defined and mapped Project County Mitigation evacuation routes Train volunteers for community response and for fire-fighting crews.

Hazard Work with the community and Pūlama Lāna`i to develop a post- Civil Defense, 4.08 Project County Mitigation disaster recovery and reconstruction plan to increase resilience. Planning Hazard Strengthen building code to prevent or reduce destruction of land Planning - Current, 4.09 Project County Mitigation and property from natural hazards. Public Works Provide information and opportunities to Hazard Civil Defense, 4.10 participate in discussions on the impacts that Project County Mitigation Fire & Public Safety climate change may have on the community. Civil Defense, Fire Hazard Develop detailed mapping of hazards and review, and provide 4.11 Project & Public Safety, County Mitigation recommendations to revise, if needed, SMA boundary line. Planning HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Facilitate community meetings to determine the best methods for protecting and preserving the historic character of Lāna‘i City. Planning – Long County, Cult./Hist. Res. 5.01 - Educate property owners on the benefits of historic Project Range Non-profit designation. - Provide technical support to property owners pursuing the nomination process. Develop a comprehensive cultural resource protection plan Planning – Long for the entire coast. Conduct feasibility study for Range, Cultural County, Cult./Hist. Res. 5.02 Project Federation Camp restoration and fisherman shacks. Resources Non-profit Conduct study for Maunalei Gulch. Commission *State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 3 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Planning – Long County, Cult./Hist. Res. 5.03 Inventory and identify old plantation camps. Project Range Non-profit Restore and preserve the Brown House (Social Hall) for Planning – Long County, Cult./Hist. Res. 5.04 Program continued community use. Range Non-profit Provide educational materials, websites, events, and visitor brochures to educate and involve the community and OED, Cult./Hist. Res. 5.05 visitors with Lāna‘i’s history, cultural resources and cultural Project Planning – Long County practices. Support cultural and historical festivals at Dole Range Park. Include visitors and community members in public OED County, Cult./Hist. Res. 5.06 Program involvement events and restoration projects. State OED, Increase support of all Lāna‘i based non-profit organizations Cult./Hist. Res. 5.07 Project Planning – Long County seeking additional funding sources for community stewardship. Range Support the current list, and the addition of sites, of Planning – Long Cult./Hist. Res. 5.08 significant historic properties on the State and National Project County Range “Register of Historic Places” . Support the current list, and the addition of sites, of Planning – Long Cult./Hist. Res. 5.09 significant historic properties on the State and National County Range “Register of Historic Places” . Collaborate with State and community groups, such as the ‘Aha Moku Council or similar Hawaiian advisory council, to Environmental Cult./Hist. Res. 5.10 implement an ahupua’a / moku-based natural and cultural County Coordinator resources management system to protect sensitive cultural sites, trails, and landscapes. Develop a comprehensive cultural resource protection plan Planning – Long Cult./Hist. Res. 5.11 County for Lāna‘i. Range Provide education on Lāna‘i scenic best management Planning – Long Cult./Hist. Res. 5.12 County practices (per Action 5.11) Range Identify and map cultural, historic, and archaeological sites that are within or near the Cult./Hist. Res. 5.13 Planning – Current County SMA boundary and develop recommendations for expansion of SMA, if needed. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Create a Rural Communities Economic Development Office of Economic Economic Development 6.01 Specialist position that will address Lāna`i economic Program Development County development challenges and opportunities. (OED)

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 4 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Develop an Agricultural Strategic Plan for Lānaì with Economic Development 6.02 attention to assisting both larger agri-businesses and small Project OED County farms. Work with farmers to refer them to State and Federal loan Economic Development 6.03 Project OED County and grant programs. Support small business training and loan program Economic Development 6.04 Program OED County providers. Partner with MEO Small Business Development Program to provide economic education workshops on Lānaì to Economic Development 6.05 Project OED County increase the overall level of financial literacy among all residents. Identify funding source and establish a Community Economic Development 6.06 Project OED County Development Organization. Develop an Alternative Tourism Strategic Plan to guide Economic Development 6.07 diversification of Lana‘i’s tourism sector including activities, Project OED County lodging, and marketing. Assess alternative shipping options including utilizing the Economic Development 6.08 Project OED County ferry as a small cargo carrier between Maui and Lana’i. Work with inter-island shippers and the Public Utilities Economic Development 6.09 Commission to keep shipping costs affordable and service Program OED County frequency adequate. Work with the State Department of Transportation to Economic Development 6.10 Program Public Works County implement harbor improvements. Work with inter-island airlines to keep airfares affordable Economic Development 6.11 and service frequency adequate to accommodate Lānaì Program OED County visitors, residents, and businesses. Work with the State Department of Transportation to Economic Development 6.12 Project OED County expedite continued airport improvements. Support the development of fee simple commercial and Planning - Long Economic Development 6.13 Project County industrial properties for small business and operations. Range Develop state-of-the-art information and communications Economic Development 6.14 technology infrastructure to support community education and OED business development/recruitment.

Economic Development 6.15 Establish agricultural programs at the community college. OED State, Federal

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 5 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Provide business courses to farm owners and agricultural County, State, Economic Development 6.16 OED entrepreneurs. Federal

Establish vocational programs such as the Future Farmers of County, State, Economic Development 6.17 OED America Program and 4H at Lānaì High School. Federal INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure - Monitor and Implement the Water Use and Development Plan 7.01 Project Lānaì Water Co. Water actions for Lānaì . Support a Memorandum of Agreement between Pūlama Lānaì Infrastructure - LLC and the community to create a Lānaì Water Use and 7.02 Project Lānaì Water Co. Water Development Committee that would monitor and implement the Water Use and Development Plan.

Infrastructure - Develop and implement a comprehensive watershed protection 7.03 Program Lānaì Water Co. Water plan, that would maximize fog drip and recharge. Develop and/or continue to support public and quasi-public Infrastructure - 7.04 partnerships to protect and restore the island’s watershed and Program Lānaì Water Co. Water maximize aquifer recharge. Infrastructure - 7.05 Implement the County’s Wellhead Protection Strategy. Project Lānaì Water Co. Water Prepare an evaluation of the status of available water resources Infrastructure - on the island if the Commission on Water Resource 7.06 Project Lānaì Water Co. Water Management identifies major flaws in the monthly water status reports Infrastructure - 7.07 Continue the use of the recycled or brackish water for irrigation. Project Lānaì Water Co. Water Infrastructure - 7.08 Develop a water rate structure that encourages conservation. Project Lānaì Water Co. Water Continue to improve landscape planting and irrigation guidelines Infrastructure - 7.09 that encourage drought tolerant plants and water conserving Planning Water irrigation systems. Infrastructure - 7.10 Continue to implement leak detection and repair programs. Lānaì Water Co. Water Infrastructure - 7.11 Cover the 15 MG brackish reservoir to reduce evaporation. Lānaì Water Co. Pulama Lānaì Water Infrastructure - Plant more trees and foliage on the Hale and other areas to 7.12 Pulama Lānaì Water capture fog drip and help recharge the aquifer.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 6 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Coordinate with the landowner(s) to develop a Comprehensive Infrastructure - 7.13 Wastewater Functional Plan for Lāna`i that addresses the long- Env. Mgmt County Wastewater term goals for the maintenance and upgrading of facilities.

Maintain an on-going sewer inspection program for public and Infrastructure - 7.14 private multi-user systems to identify potential problems and Env. Mgmt County Wastewater forecast each system’s residual life. Infrastructure - Coordinate with the landowner(s) to regularly update and 7.15 Env. Mgmt County Wastewater implement the County’s wastewater reuse plans.

Study options and necessary code and regulation changes to Env. Mgmt, Infrastructure - allow grey-water re-use systems for home garden irrigation and 7.16 Development Wastewater toilet flushing as long as the system meets County of Maui codes Services (DSA) and is within health safety standards.

Infrastructure - Study options for biological sanitation treatment systems for 7.17 Env. Mgmt Wastewater large projects or WWTF expansion or relocation. Provide funding to the Department of Public Works and Waste Infrastructure - Management's Solid Waste Division for the proper landscaping 7.18 Mayor's Office County Solid Waste and maintenance of solid waste facilities and surrounding environs. Conduct an education program to discourage residents and Infrastructure - tourists from dumping garbage, cars and machinery in remote 7.19 Env. Mgmt Solid Waste locations, and locations other than the landfill or appropriate recycling site. Study options for waste to energy through different Infrastructure - 7.20 technologies- such as HBAR, a small, ultra-high Env. Mgmt Solid Waste temperature incinerator. Promote recycling by residential and commercial clients by Infrastructure - advertising and promotional materials. Provide information 7.21 Project Env. Mgmt Solid Waste on what can be recycled, where facilities are located, and operating hours and days. Create a ‘smart grid’ that would allow for development of Energy Infrastructure - Energy 7.22 additional renewable energy sources. Commissioner Support the use of electric vehicles on the island through the Infrastructure - Energy 7.23 development of charging stations, powered from renewable Mayor’s Office energy. Planning, Infrastructure - Energy 7.24 Support the use of steel poles for main utility transmission lines. Mayor's Office Planning, Encourage and support the undergrounding of utility lines in new Infrastructure - Energy 7.25 Mayor's Office, areas of development. Public Works

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 7 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Planning, Encourage and support the undergrounding of utility lines in Infrastructure - Energy 7.26 Project Mayor's Office, existing areas, where possible. Public Works Advocate for Study the need for increased barge service to and Infrastructure - 7.27 from Lāna`i if the population significantly increases and Program OED County Transportation economic development warrants. Advocate for increased ferry service to and from Lāna`i if the Infrastructure - 7.28 population significantly increases and economic development Program OED County Transportation warrants.

Develop a long range land transportation master plan for Lāna`i, Infrastructure - Public Works, 7.29 which utilizes a complete streets approach to roadway design Project County Transportation Planning and includes a pedestrian plan for Lāna’i City.

Infrastructure - 7.30 Develop low cost transportation option(s) for resort employees. Project Transportation Infrastructure - Establish who has jurisdiction/ownership and responsibility over 7.31 Project Public Works County Transportation Old Government Road. Develop and implement trails, greenways and open space access plan, utilizing, where appropriate, old agriculture roads. Infrastructure - Public Works, 7.32 The project should work in concert with storm water, Project County Transportation Planning sedimentation and environmental protection plans to close down unnecessary or unused agricultural roads. Restrict commercial trucks and buses exceeding 6,000 LB GVW Infrastructure - 7.33 to established routes through Lāna`i City pending the Public Works Transportation construction of a bypass road. Infrastructure - Public Works, 7.34 Develop Lāna`i specific roadway standards and guidelines. Transportation Planning

The access road in and out of Mānele needs to be maintained in Infrastructure - order to serve as a secondary and emergency access road. 7.35 Public Works Transportation Encourage landowner to maintain a secondary and emergency access road to and from Manele.

Evaluate proposals and provide development services in a timely Infrastructure - 7.36 manner for the airport expansion proposal, which could include DSA Transportation expansion of runway or addition of second runway.

Infrastructure - Study and evaluate options for shipping fuel to the island in order 7.37 Project Transportation to reduce costs. Infrastructure - Develop a stormwater management plan that emphasizes/ 7.38 Project Public Works County Stormwater utilizes natural systems drainage, where possible.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 8 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Infrastructure - Address dirt road runoff through dispersion and retention 7.39 Project Public Works Stormwater methods. Infrastructure - Implement Kōèle Project District and Lānaì City Master 7.40 Project Public Works County Stormwater Drainage Plans. Infrastructure - Repair stormwater drainage swales in Lānaì City (swales and 7.41 Project Public Works Stormwater culverts) and remove blockages from drains and channels. Infrastructure - 7.42 Provide wireless high speed internet throughout the island. Telecommunications Infrastructure - Provide cell phone service all around the island for complete 7.43 Telecommunications coverage. PUBLIC FACILITIES & SERVICES

Develop a master plan for the island’s parks, recreational Public Facilities & Parks & Recreation, 8.01 facilities, and programs. Survey residents to find out what their County Services - Parks & Rec Planning recreational needs are.

Public Facilities & Maintain the quality and availability of the Cavendish Golf Course 8.02 Services - Parks & Rec in perpetuity for Lāna`i residents. Work with the Company to prepare a Dole Park master plan Public Facilities & Parks & Recreation, 8.03 which improves and preserves the Park's recreational, urban County Services - Parks & Rec Planning design and social functions. Support the planning, design and development of action-sport Public Facilities & Parks & Recreation, 8.04 facility such as a skateboard park, roller derby facility, or BMX County Services - Parks & Rec Planning (Bicycle-Moto-Cross) track. Public Facilities & Explore options for expansion of Animal Control facilities and 8.05 Police County Services - Police services. Public Facilities & 8.06 Provide public education on responsible pet ownership. Services - Police Public Facilities & Study options for development of impound yard and need for tow 8.07 Police County Services - Police truck services, and whether a 4WD town truck is necessary.

Coordinate with community organizations in their prevention and Public Facilities & treatment efforts to reduce substance use and abuse. Continue 8.08 Police County Services - Police working cooperatively with the Prosecutor’s Office and the DEA to enforce substance abuse laws.

Public Facilities & Examine options for extending the length of time police 8.09 Police County Services - Police personnel and officers are on Lanai for a tour of duty.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 9 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Public Facilities & Provide Lanaì orientation training classes and support for Police 8.10 Police County Services - Police Staff. Public Facilities & Create a position on the Police Commission for a Lānaì 8.11 Police County Services - Police representative Public Facilities & Explore feasibility for locating fire, safety and rescue services Fire, Services - Fire & Public 8.12 County and facilities at Mānele. Public Safety Safety Public Facilities & Support establishing ocean safety and rescue services on Services - Fire & Public 8.13 Fire & Public Safety County Lanaì. Safety Public Facilities & Support orientation and training about living on Lanaì for Fire Services - Fire & Public 8.14 Fire & Public Safety County Department staff on the island for a tour of duty. Safety Public Facilities & Work with homeowners, business owners, landlords to visibly Services - Fire & Public 8.15 mark addresses on structures or properties for easy identification Fire & Public Safety County Safety in case of emergencies.

Implement the Master Plan for the expansion of the elementary Public Facilities & and high school into separate campuses and the creation of a ‘P 8.16 State Services - Education -20’ campus – i.e. that includes educational facilities and programs for Preschool – Post-Secondary education.

Public Facilities & Housing & Human 8.17 Continue to fund adult and post-secondary education programs. State Services - Education Concerns (DHHC) Public Facilities & 8.18 Continue to fund English as a second language classes. DHHC State Services - Education Public Facilities & Develop and implement a program for additional pre-school County and 8.19 Services - Education services. State Public Facilities & 8.20 Advocated for Hawaiian Language Immersion Program. State Services - Education Public Facilities - Develop a Master or Strategic Plan for health care services on County and Health & Social 8.21 DHHC Lāna`i State Services Public Facilities - Allocated funding to expand the number and array of social County and Health & Social 8.22 DHHC services State Services Public Facilities - Prepare a Master Plan for the Lāna`i Community Hospital and Health & Social 8.23 DHHC County related medical facilities. Services Public Facilities - Improve and enhance short term and long term nursing care County and Health & Social 8.24 DHHC services and facilities on the island. State Services

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 10 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Public Facilities - Develop a plan for provision of services for elderly to age in County and Health & Social 8.25 DHHC place. State Services Public Facilities - Develop palliative care services and hospice facilities for the County and Health & Social 8.26 DHHC dying. State Services Public Facilities - Ensure funding and support of the child welfare and social County and Health & Social 8.27 services network and ancillary support services Including foster DHHC State Services care. Public Facilities - County, State, Health & Social 8.28 Coordinate services for immigrants. DHHC Services Federal Public Facilities - Ensure support and funding for the network of services for County and Health & Social 8.29 DHHC alcohol and substance abuse. State Services Public Facilities - Ensure support and funding for the network of services for County and Health & Social 8.30 DHHC domestic violence and families in crisis. State Services LAND USE Conduct a comprehensive review of interim zoned lands to identify and adopt zoning that is consistent with the Planning – Long Land Use 9.01 Community Plan. The process shall include consultation Project County Range, GIS, Current with affected property owners and assessment of potential impacts of rezoning. Work with landowner(s) and community stakeholders to Project - Planning – Long Land Use 9.02 make necessary adjustments to Project District zoning and County regulations Range, GIS development standards to facilitate project build-out. Evaluate and establish zoning for airport land expansion, when needed for runway improvements consistent with the Planning – Long Land Use 9.03 Community Plan. Evaluate lands between airport and Project County Range, GIS Lāna`i City for compatible land uses, particularly with respect to sound attenuation. Amend the zoning ordinance to permit low-impact accommodations for small scale eco-, cultural-, or Planning – Current, Land Use 9.04 adventure tourism in Open Space, Parks or Conservation Project DLNR County lands through the issuance of a State Special Permit or County Special Use Permit.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 11 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Develop and adopt regulations that establish permit review Project - Public Works, Land Use 9.05 timelines and a more transparent, efficient, and equitable County regulations Planning permit process. Revise subdivision regulation to permit clustering and Project - Public Works, Land Use 9.06 Conservation Subdivision Design within the Rural and County regulations Planning Agricultural Districts. Develop and provide incentives to landowner(s) to Land Use 9.07 Project Planning County preserve and protect agricultural lands.

Revise guidelines and standards for provision and phasing Public Works, Land Use 9.08 Project County of public facilities and services for new development. Planning

Concurrent with new major development, revise the State Land Use 9.09 Land Use urban and rural designations to be consistent Project Planning County with the Lāna‘i Community Plan Land Use map. URBAN DESIGN Explore, analyze and implement regulatory and financial Urban Design 10.01 mechanisms for preserving and rehabilitating historic buildings Project Planning County within the BCT . Prepare a vision and master plan for Lāna`i City, through Urban Design 10.02 collaborative efforts that include historic preservation of Project Planning County structures in the BCT area. Revise and enhance the BCT design guidelines for Lāna`i City to provide more detailed guidance for new construction as well as Urban Design 10.03 Project Planning County renovation and reconstruction of existing structures for adaptive re-use.

Develop design guidelines for structures in Lana`i City, but Urban Design 10.04 outside of the BCT area to provide guidance on appropriate form, Project Planning County scale, architectural character, details and materials.

Create a comprehensive parking strategy for Lāna`i City: develop and adopt less restrictive parking requirements as part Urban Design 10.05 of the revised BCT Design Guidelines to allow businesses to Project Planning County utilize public parking surrounding Dole Park instead of developing new parking spaces on site.

Develop specific rural and small town street design standards for the Island which would permit context sensitive street design Public Works, Urban Design 10.06 Project County and maintenance of the rural streetscapes without curbs, gutters Planning and overhead utilites, as found in Lāna`i City.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 12 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Develop a street tree planting plan, for existing and new Parks & Recreation, Urban Design 10.07 development. Research and explore different street tree options Project County Planning for planting in Lāna`i City and the expansion areas.

Develop subdivision standards and design guidelines for any expansion of Lāna`i City that continues and expands the DSA, Urban Design 10.08 Project County rectilinear street grid and rural roadway standards, and the Planning plantation town character of new buildings and residences.

The County and State will need to coordinate phasing and build- out of the three projects (DHHL, DOE, County Affordable Public Works, Housing) and needed infrastructure improvements to maximize Urban Design 10.09 Project Planning, County community benefits, minimize costs and ensure a seamless and complementary incorporation of these projects into the DHHC community.

Develop an urban forestry management plan for the Cook Pines on County and public property throughout Lāna`i City. Include Parks & options for the planting of native, or indigenous and non-invasive Urban Design 10.10 Project Recreation, County species where appropriate, and consider replanting Cook Pines only where there is adequate space for the mature trees. Planning Encourage Pūlama Lāna`i to adopt a similar plan.

Produce a guidance document for homeowners and landowners to address new landscapes as well as renovation of existing Urban Design 10.11 Project Planning County landscapes to encourage the use non-invasive, drought tolerant and climatic zoned plants wherever possible

Develop standards for street lighting that mandate ‘dark sky’ shielding of lamps in order to minimize light pollution and glare. Public Works, Urban Design 10.12 Project County Explore options for LED Lighting to not only save energy but also Planning to provide a more point-like light source. HOUSING Develop and implement a comprehensive affordable housing Housing 11.01 plan for Lāna`i within one year of adoption of the Community Project DHHC County Plan. Work with Pūlama Lāna`i to implement a housing rehabilitation County, State, Housing 11.02 loans, grants and/or technical assistance and community Program DHHC Private, Non- outreach. profit Revise the County’s Workforce Housing Ordinance to address Housing 11.03 Project DHHC County Lāna‘i’s particular situation.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 13 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Amend zoning codes to allow for a greater variety of housing Project - Housing 11.04 types, including: mixed-use, mixed housing types, co-housing, Planning - Current County regulations prefabricated homes, and small lot development.

Provide assistance with securing / leveraging federal grants, Low Housing 11.05 Income Housing Tax Credits, and other resources that support Program DHHC County affordable housing and price points.

Review and revise, as needed, building codes to Public Works, Housing 11.06 Project County allow aging-in-place housing adaptations. Planning - Current

Develop a plan for establishing a long-term care infrastructure on Housing 11.07 Lāna`i – including long term and short term supportive housing, Project DHHC County palliative care and hospice facilities.

Provide adequate government-sponsored affordable housing Housing 11.08 DHHC County units to be used by government personnel and Lāna`i residents.

Work with Lānaì residents and the Lānaì Planning Commission Housing 11.09 Planning - Current County to develop unique vacation rental regulations for Lānaì.

Work with Pūlama Lāna`i to re-configure and develop housing on DHHC, Housing 11.10 County the County’s affordable housing site more rapidly. Planning - Current

Hold workshops with the community to explore different housing types and development patterns that could be utilized in an Planning - Long Housing 11.11 County expansion of Lāna`i City, or in the development of new Range residential areas. GOVERNANCE Provide a forum and facilitate regular meetings for the entire community and Pūlama Lāna`i representatives to discuss on- Planning - Long Goverance 12.01 Program County going issues and potential strategies for Community Plan Range implementation. Council Services Increase the number of posted agendas and public notices be Goverance 12.02 Program (OCS), County printed in multiple languages. Office of the Mayor Conduct regularly-scheduled public information meetings on- Planning - Long Goverance 12.03 Program County island. Range Continue to improve, promote, and publicize the availability of OCS, Goverance 12.04 telecommunications for county services and for participation in Project County Office of the Mayor island of Maui based council meetings.

*State agencies that are identified as “Lead / Coordinating Agencies(s)” will be consulted with as coordinating agencies. The State and County will need to coordinate their efforts in order to implement the identified action. 13 Implementation and Monitoring Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30, 2013 14 Community Plan Action Duration Lead / Coordinating Cost Funding Description Type Timing Chapter No. (mths) Agency(s)* ($) Source(s)

Study the feasibility for a County government office building in Goverance 12.05 Lāna`i City and explore the possibility of sharing it with State and Project Office of the Mayor County Federal partners. Provide for timely decision making on the Island for all decision OCS, Goverance 12.06 County making bodies. Office of the Mayor Create a program to educate and encourage the use of Goverance 12.07 telecommunications technologies available for public Office of the Mayor County participation. OCS, Implement the use of social media to improve public Office of the Mayor, Goverance 12.08 County communication. Planning - Long Range

Appendix 1.1 Community Engagement

Lāna`i Community Plan –Meeting at Lāna`i Community Center April 7, 2011 6:30 to 8:30 PM

The Future of Lāna`i – A Public Discussion of Ideas and Strategies for the Next 20 Years

During earlier community engagement events ideas and strategies for Lāna`i’s future were generated by the community. Based on these ideas and strategies, questions were asked of four panelists who offered their perspectives on the island’s future as a starting point for the discussion. The panel discussion was followed by an opportunity for community members to ask questions and make comments.

Panel Members:

Bob Agres - Executive Director of HACBED, the Hawai’i Alliance for Community-Based Economic Development, a statewide federally tax-exempt non-profit organization established in 1992 to encourage increased investments in sustainable and community based approaches to economic development.

Alan Fujimori – registered landscape architect and LEED Accredited Professional with over 30 years experience. He specializes in community planning, urban design, and landscape architecture.

Colbert Matsumoto – Chair of the board and CEO of Island Insurance Company and an attorney by training and practice for over 30 years. Born and raised on Lana`i.

Dr. Davianna McGregor – Professor and founding member of the Ethnic Studies Department at UH-Manoa. She is a historian of Hawai’i and the Pacific and a member of the Protect Kaho`olawe ‘Ohana.

Appendices Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30,2013.doc A‐1 Lāna`i Community Plan

Appendix 3.1 Ecosystem Services

Supporting Services . Nutrient cycling . Soil formation . Primary Production

Provisioning Services . Food (crops, livestock, wild foods, etc…) . Fiber (timber, cotton/hemp/silk, wood fuel) . Genetic resources . Biochemicals, natural medicine, pharmaceuticals . Fresh water

Regulating Services . Air quality regulation . Climate regulation (global, regional, local) . Water regulation . Erosion regulation . Water purification and waste treatment . Disease regulation . Pest regulation . Pollination . Natural hazard regulation

Cultural Services . Aesthetic values . Spiritual and religious values . Recreation and ecotourism

Appendices Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30,2013.doc A‐2 Lāna`i Community Plan

Appendix 5.1 Historic and Cultural Resources

Note: List from 1998 Lāna`i Community Plan page 47-48 with 2013 CPAC edits.

1. Implement the Interpretive Master Plan for the island of Lana`i.

2. Establish a Maunalei Historic Preserve.

3. Fund and establish a cultural and resources preservation program which would address the protection, preservation and restoration needs of the following:

. Historic cemeteries . Keomoku Church and surrounding environs . Hawaiian fishponds . Stone trail at Naha . Salt blocks and pipi chutes at Manele . Kaumalapau Village . Old locomotive engine at Halepalaoa . Train whistle at the top of the shop . Police Station building and jail . Old gymnasium . Old bowling alley . Old administration building . Old theater . First Hawaiian Bank building . Bomb shelter at Maunalei . Brackish water pond at Lōpā . Boat shelter at Naha . Old Lana’i School flagpole at Cavendish Golf Course . Hotel Lana’i . Community flagpole

4. Maintain the 8:00 p.m. siren.

5. Expand the community cemetery program.

6. Build and maintain interpretive trails at Kapiha‘a and Hulupo‘e, to provide educational opportunities about Hawaiian architecture, art, and social systems for residents and visitors.

7. Stabilize the hillside at Luahiwa to protect petroglyphs from erosion. Consider the potential effects of increased foot traffic on erosion in the vicinity of the petroglyphs before deciding to develop an interpretive trail or other access.

8. List significant historic properties and districts on the State and National "Register of Historic Places" including 1) massive heiau complexes at Ka‘enaiki, Lōpā, Kāhe‘a, Manele Site Complex 2) village and petroglyph sites at Kapiha‘a, Ho‘okio, Luahiwa, , Naha Site Complex, and Lōpā Fishpond. Plantation culture sites include the Keōmoku Church, Lāna‘i Gym, Lāna‘i Theater, Former Administration Building, and Hotel Lāna‘i.

Appendices Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30,2013.doc A‐3 Lāna`i Community Plan

Appendix 9.1 Comparison of State Land Use and County Community Plan Designations and Zoning Districts

STATE COUNTY COUNTY ZONING DISTRICTS LAND USE COMMUNITY PLAN DISTRICTS DESIGNATIONS

Urban Single Family (SF) Residential Districts R-1, 6,000 sq ft R-2, 7,500 sq ft R-3, 10,000 sq ft

R-O Lot Line Residential

Multi-Family (MF) Multiple-Family districts Two-family duplex district A-1 Apartment District A-2 Apartment District

Residential* Proposed mix of Residential and Multiple-Family Districts*

Lanai City Expansion* Proposed mix of Residential and Multiple-Family Districts, and Business/Commercial*

Hotel (H) Hotel Districts H-1 Hotel District H-M Hotel District H-2 Hotel District

Business/Commercial (B) Business Districts Business/Industrial (BI) B-1 Neighborhood Business District B-2 Community Business District Business/Multi-Family (BMF) Service Business/Single Family B-3 Central Business District Residential (SBR) B-CT Business Country Town District SBR Service Business Residential District

Light Industrial (LI) Industrial Districts Heavy Industrial (HI) M-1 Light Industrial District M-2 Heavy Industrial District M-3 Industrial (no pyramid zoning)

Appendices Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30,2013.doc A‐4 Lāna`i Community Plan

STATE COUNTY COUNTY ZONING DISTRICTS LAND USE COMMUNITY PLAN DISTRICTS DESIGNATIONS

Airport (AP) Airport District

Public/Quasi-Public (P) Public / Quasi-Public Districts

Project District (PD) Project Districts (PD)

Urban (continued) Future Growth Reserve (FGR)

Park (PK) Park Districts PK-1 PK-2 PK-3 PK-4

Rural Rural Rural Districts RU-0.5 RU-1.0 RU-2.0 RU-5.0 RU-10.0

Agriculture Agriculture Agricultural Districts

Open Space (OS) Open Space Districts OS-1 Passive Open Space OS-2 Active Open Space

Conservation Conservation (C)

* CPAC Final Draft Lāna`i Community Plan proposed new land use designations. Zoning to be developed concurrent with draft community plan.

Appendices Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30,2013.doc A‐5 Lāna`i Community Plan

Appendix 9.2 County Community Plan Designations

The County’s nine geographic community plan regions are: Wailuku-Kahului, West Maui, South Maui, Paìa-Haìku, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, Hana, Molokaì, Lanaì and Kahoòlawe. The following list includes the designations used in the most recently adopted community plan updates, though not every community plan uses all of these designations. The Lānaì CPAC created two new designations, Residential and Lānaì City Expansion

Single-Family (SF): This includes single-family, duplex, and ohana dwellings.

Multi-Family (MF): This includes apartments and condominiums having more than two dwellings.

Residential: CPAC proposed new designation that would include a mix of single family and multi- family residential.

Lāna`i City Expansion: CPAC proposed new designation that would include a mix of single and multi-family residential, and business/commercial uses.

Hotel (H): This applies to transient accommodations. Such hotel facilities may include permissible accessory uses primarily intended to serve hotel guests.

Business/Multi-Family (BMF): This includes a mixture of retail, office, and commercial services which are oriented to neighborhood service and single family and multi-family residential uses.

Service Business/Single-Family Residential (SBR): Includes single-family dwellings with small-scale and neighborhood-oriented businesses and services that are primarily established in existing residential dwellings or other structures. The business use should be compatible with the physical character of the residential neighborhood.

Business/Commercial (B): This includes retail stores, offices, entertainment enterprises and related accessory uses.

Business/Industrial (BI): Includes a mixture of warehousing, distribution, service operations, retail and offices uses.

Light Industrial (LI): Denotes warehousing, light assembly, service and similar industrial operations.

Heavy Industrial (HI): Denotes major industrial operations with potentially noxious impacts due to noise, airborne emissions or liquid discharges.

Appendices Lāna`i Community Plan ‐ CPAC FINAL DRAFT September 30,2013.doc A‐6 Lāna`i Community Plan

Rural Light Industrial (RLI): Includes uses that are related to agricultural activities, industries that are oriented to servicing agricultural and rural communities, and small light operations that would be consistent with the rural lifestyle.

Airport (AP): Includes all commercial and general aviation airports and accessory uses.

Public/Quasi-Public (P): Includes schools, libraries, fire and police stations, government buildings, public utilities, hospitals, churches, cemeteries and community centers.

Project District (PD): Provides for a flexible and creative planning approach, rather than specific land use designations, and allows for a variety of uses in accord with each individual project district objective.

Future Growth Reserve (FGR): Recognizes possible areas of urban growth that would occur beyond the projected ten year time frame of the community plan update, and encourages planning for infrastructure development and use allocations.

Park (PK): Applies to lands developed or to be developed for recreational use, including public and private active and passive parks. Golf courses are identified as "PK (GC)" in order to differentiate golf courses from other kinds of park uses.

Rural (R): Protects and preserves areas consisting of small farms intermixed with low-density single-family residential lots. The requirements of the State Rural District should govern this area.

Agriculture (AG): Indicates areas for agricultural activity, in keeping with the economic base of the County and the requirements of the State Agricultural District.

Open Space (OS): Intended to limit development on lands that may be inappropriate for intensive development due to environmental, physical or scenic constraints, including shore-line buffer areas, landscape buffers, drainageways, viewplanes, flood plains and tsunami-prone areas.

Conservation (C): Primarily recognizes the designation of lands in the State Conservation District and is used to protect and preserve wilderness areas, beach reserves, scenic areas and historic sites, open ranges, wetlands and watersheds; to conserve fish and wildlife; and to promote forestry and grazing.

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KAUNOLU Pālāwai Mānele Mānele Bay Prepared By: Kealiaaupuni Long Range Planning Division Village Department of Planning Kaunolū Mamaki Miles County of Maui National Historic Landmark 250 South High Street Bay Pu`upehe Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 0 0.5 1 2 3 Map 5.1 Cultural, Historic,Archeological and Resources Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Product Code:Product M-TEC_20131021A October 21, 2013 Copyright Awahua Lapaiki Polihua Beach Kaiolohia

Bay September30, 2013

DRAFT

The Experience at Kō‘ele Golf Course

Cavendish Municipal Golf Course Kō‘ele DRAFTSolid Waste Landfill Lāna‘i Well & Wasterwater Reclamation City Pump Station Well & Water Pump Station Pump Station Legend Well & Lāna‘i City/Kō‘ele District Wastewater Treatment Facility Pump Landfill Station Lōpā Recycling Center Golf Course Quarry Solid Waste Primary Road Aggregates Quarry Lāna‘i La Ola Solar Farm Secondary Road Airport Airport

Infrastructure Ownership

State MECO Power Plant

W Kaumalapa‘u Harbor County The Challenge Waste Water Treatment Facility at Mānele Mānele Small Boat Harbor Copyright October 21, 2013Copyright Golf Course Private

Hulopo‘e

Prepared By: Beach Park Long Range Planning Division Department of Planning Mānele Miles County of Maui 250 South High Street Kaunolū Hulopo`e Bay Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 0 0.5 1 2 3 Bay Map 7.1 Infrastructure & Utilities Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Product Code:Product M-TEC_20131021E K UK U I

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Kaiolohia Bay K A IO L

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KAUNOLU Mānele Prepared By: Long Range Planning Division Hulopo`e Bay Small Boat Department of Planning Miles County of Maui Harbor 250 South High Street Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 0 0.5 1 2 3 Update Plan Community Lāna‘i Facilities Proposed Transportation: 7.3 Product Code:Product M-TEC_20131021C2 KEOMUKU K UK U I Awahua

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AULA PO HONU INT TRAIL

50 BAY RD BAY

Kaiolohia MĀNELE HULOPO`E DR Bay MAUNA HULOPO`EBEACH LEI DR PARK RD

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0 0.5 1 2 3 Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Map 7.5 Types Road Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 Product Code:Product M-TEC_20131025 Lapaiki Awahua Polihua Beach

Veteran's Kaiolohia Cemetery Bay

Cemetery September30, 2013

Community DRAFT Center Library

Preschool Gymnasium

School

PO Post Office P LI Dole Park O HU Hospital LI A HU R Community Police Station A D Pool RD Seniors Fire Station Center Lāna‘i City

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State Mānele

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Hulopo‘e Bay Prepared By: Beach Long Range Planning Division Park Day Care Department of Planning Kaunolū County of Maui Miles 250 South High Street Hulopo`e Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 0 0.5 1 2 3

Bay Map 8.1 Public Facilities and Services Community Lāna‘i Update Plan Product Code:Product M-TEC_20131021F Lapaiki

Kaena Halulu September 30, September 2013 Point Maunalei

Keanapapa Point

Kanepu‘u KEOMUKU BEACH

POLIHUA

Haua KEOMUKU DRAFT

LANIOLA Plan Update Community Lāna‘i

EQUESTRIAN CENTER Kahea Ko‘ele

FRASER LANAI Kahalepalaoa

ILIAHI DRAFT6TH Landing 5TH KAUNAOA Lana‘i City

GAY 12TH

PAKALI

OHOHIA

Lana‘ihale

MUNRO MANELE Lopa KAUMALAPAU PIPELINE

LANAI AIRPORT MIKI HOIKE

Lana‘i Airport Kaumalapa‘u Harbor Naha

PUU MAKANI

State Land Use District HULOPOE Urban Rural Agricultural Conservation This map is for informational purposes only and subject to change based upon future research and findings. LOPA MAUNA LEI Manele Small This is not a zoning map. Please contact the KAPIHAA Planning Department for zoning confirmation. Boat Harbor 0 2,500 5,000 10,000 Hulopoe Feet Po‘opo‘o Bay Pu‘upehe 0 0.5 1 2 Palaoa Point Land Use State 9.1 Miles Current Land Use Government Single Family Residential School Multi Family Residential Open Space/Recreation Commercial Golf Course Hotel Conservation Industrial Vacant Agriculture Road September 30, September 2013 This map is for informational purposes Parcels only and subject to change based This is not a zoning map. Please contact the upon future research and findings. Planning Department for zoning confirmation. 0 600 1,200 2,400 Feet

POLIHUA RD

EQUESTRIAN CENTER

Hotel

Ko‘ele Golf Course

KEOMUKU RD

KUKUI CI

KUKUI RD

Multi Family Residential DRAFT Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Community Lāna‘i

KOELE PL

HOUSTON PL

MAHANA PL GAY PL

KOOLOAULA PL 3RDILIMA ST AV

NANI ST

AHAKEA ST

PAINA PL 4TH ST KOELE ST ALAPA ST KOA DR Agriculture EHUNANI CI KAMOKU PL 5TH ST

CALDWELL AV MUNRO TR GAY ST Road HAU DR DRAFTJACARANDA ST Single Family Residential 6TH ST LAUHALA PL

HOUSTON ST LAMA ST OHIA DR

ILIAHI ST KAMOKU ST NININIWAI CI

7TH ST FRASER AV School

8TH ST

Dole Park KOALI ST

ILIMA AV KIELE ST Vacant NAHA ST

Commercial QUEENS ST 10TH ST KONAWAI PL LANAI AV

PALAWAI LN

OLAPA ST

10TH ST 11TH ST

HOUSTON ST

12TH ST Industrial GAY ST

AHA ST MANA ST Open Space/ JASMINE DRMUKU PL Recreation 13TH ST AKAHI PL

KUALUA PL

HA PL PAKALI ST AKOLU PL Government AKOLU ST

HOALAUNA ST HUNA WAI ST OHOHIA ST

PAKALIPL

S OHOHIA PL

MANELE RD

PIPELINE TRAIL

KAUMALAPAU HY PIPELINE TR 9.2 Lāna‘i City Current City Land Use Current Lāna‘i 9.2 Zoning AG Agriculture R-1 Residential Ru-0.5 Rural 1/2 Acre R-2 Residential PD Project District Lapaiki R-3 Residential UR Urban Reserve INT Interim OS Open Space A-1 Apartment P-1 Public/Quasi Public Kaena Halulu H-1 Hotel Public Use September 30, September 2013 Point BCT Business-Country Town PK-1 Park-Neighborhood M-1 Light Industrial PK-3 Park Regional Maunalei M-2 Heavy Industrial Not Zoned A Airport This map is for informational purposes This is not a zoning map. Please contact the only and subject to change based Planning Department for zoning confirmation. upon future research and findings.

Keanapapa 0 2,500 5,000 10,000 0 0.5 1 2 Point Feet Miles

KEOMUKU RD Kanepu‘u KEOMUKU BEACH TR

POLIHUA RD INT

Haua DRAFT Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Community Lāna‘i

Kahea Ko‘ele

SeeLANAI AV A-1 Kahalepalaoa DRAFT Landing AG R-1Lāna‘i City MUNRO TRAIL PK-15TH ST R-3 P-1DetailP Lana‘iH-1 City URBCTGAY ST PK-3OS M-1 R-2

Lāna‘i City Detail Lana‘ihale

PIPELINE TR POLIHUA RD

KAUMALAPAU HY Lopa PD LANAI AIRPORT RD MIKI RD

EQUESTRIAN CENTER HOIKE RD AG Ko‘ele A MANELE RD INT

KEOMUKU RD Ru-0.5 M-2 Lana‘i Airport KUKUI RD Kaumalapa‘u KUKUI CI A-1 Harbor

MAHANA PL 3RD ST KOELE ST Naha ALAPA ST KOA DR ILIMA AV CALDWELL AV 4TH ST

LAMA ST GAY ST LAUHALA PL KAMOKU PL R-1 PK-1 ILIAHI ST NANI ST KAMOKU ST PUULANI PL 5TH ST 6TH ST LANAI AV R-3 KAUNAOA DR 7TH ST P-1 FRASER AV

QUEENS ST MANELE RD P 8TH ST H-1

HOUSTON ST 9TH ST KONAWAI PL PK-3 10TH ST OLAPA ST

11TH ST ILIMA AV GAY ST BCT OS AHA ST MUKU PL

13TH ST R-2 M-1 PAKALI STHA PL Manele Small HOALAUNA ST MANELE RD PD PAKALI PL Boat Harbor Hulopoe KAUMALAPAU HY Po‘opo‘o Bay Pu‘upehe

Palaoa Point Zoning County 9.3 Lapaiki

Kaena Halulu September 30, September 2013 Point Maunalei

Keanapapa Point

Kanepu‘u KEOMUKU RD

KEOMUKU BEACH TR

POLIHUA RD

Haua DRAFT Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Community Lāna‘i Land Use Lāna‘i City Expansion Residential Single Family Kahea Ko‘ele Multi-family See Hotel DRAFT Commercial Detail See Lana‘i MUNRO TRAIL Light Industrial Map 9-5 City Detail Heavy Industrial Lāna‘i City Airport Map 9-6 Agriculture Lana‘ihale Kahalepalaoa Rural Project District

Open Space KAUMALAPAU HY PIPELINE TR Lopa Conservation MIKI RD Public/Quasi-public HOIKE RD

Park See Detail See Detail MANELE RD Park/Golf Course Roads/Trails Map 9-9 Map 9-7 Existing Public Roads Kaumālapa‘u Airport Proposed Public Roads Existing Private Roads Naha Proposed Private Roads Existing Government Roads Existing Trails MANELE RD Proposed Trails See Coral Reefs 100 ft Contours Detail Special Management Area (SMA) Boundary Map 9-8 This map is for informational purposes only and subject to change based upon future research and findings. Mānele Manele This is not a zoning map. Please contact the Planning Department for zoning confirmation. Harbor 0 2,500 5,000 10,000 Hulopoe Feet Po‘opo‘o Bay Pu‘upehe 0 0.5 1 2 3 Palaoa Point Use Land Plan Community Proposed 9.4 Miles Land Use Roads/Trails Cemetary MUNRO TRAIL Lāna‘i City Expansion Existing Public Roads

Single Family Proposed Public Roads KEOMUKU RD Keoneheehee Multi-family Proposed Private Roads Hotel Existing Trails Rural Commercial Contours 100ft 50 Acres Light Industrial Intermittant Streams/Drainageways 9-5 F September 30, September 2013 Agriculture Parcels Rural This map is for informational purposes only and subject to change based Maunalei Gulch Project District upon future research and findings. KOPOLIHUA RD This is not a zoning map. Please contact the Open Space Planning Department for zoning confirmation. Conservation Public/Quasi-Public Park Ko‘ele

Park/Golf Course 0 600 1,200 2,400 Roads Feet

Lāna‘i City Expansion Park Mahana Place Ilima Street Koele Street

89 Acres Gay Street DRAFT 9-5 E Plan Update Community Lāna‘i 9-5 A

Paliamano Gulch Caldwell Street

Lama Street Park 6th Street 9-5 E DRAFTKamoku Street Dole Park 9th Street

Lanai Avenue Fraser Avenue

Public/Quasi Public Queen Street Olapa Street 524 Acres Public Houston Street 9-5 D 5th Street

University Park Campus 9-5 B Mana Street Muku Street Tennis Academy Park Kapano Gulch Lāna‘i City Expansion 9-5 B Naupaka 457 Acres 9-5 A Light 9th Street Industrial Pakali Street Kualua Place

Park 9-5 C

MANELE RD

PIPELINE TRAIL Keone

Film Light KAUMALAPAU HIGHWAY Studio Industrial 22 Acres 9-5 G 9.5 Proposed Lāna‘i City Land Use Detail City Land Use Lāna‘i Proposed 9.5 Land Use KEOMUKU BEACH ROAD

Hotel Keomuku Rural Open Space Conservation Park Roads/Trails Existing Public Roads Park 30, September 2013 Proposed Public Roads 9-6 C Existing Trails Kahalepalaoa WAIOPAE TRAIL Proposed Trails Landing Contours 100ft

Intermittant Streams/Drainageways PUUNEHE TRAIL Parcels Resort Special Management Area (SMA) Boundary 20 Acres This map is for informational purposes 9-6 A only and subject to change based upon future research and findings.Conservation Halepalaoa This is not a zoning map. Please contact the Planning Department for zoning confirmation.

0 600 1,200 2,400

Feet KEOMUKU BEACH ROAD

WAIOPAE TRAIL DRAFT Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Community Lāna‘i

Kahea Gulch

Rural DRAFT 250 Acres Open Space 9-6 B Conservation Proposed 9-6 D Trail

PUUNEHE TRAIL 9-6 C

Makaiwa

Lopa Gulch

Park 9-6 C

Kikoa Point

Conservation Awehi Gulch

KEOMUKU BEACH ROAD 9.6 Proposed Kahalepalaoa Land Use Detail Use Land Kahalepalaoa Proposed 9.6 Land Use Roads Residential Existing Public Roads Public/Quasi-Public Proposed Public Roads Light Industrial Existing Private Roads Heavy Industrial Proposed Private Roads Airport Contours 100ft Agriculture Intermittant Streams/Drainageways

Parcels 30, September 2013 This map is for informationalKiei purposes only and subject to change based This is not a zoning map. Please contact the Kalulu upon future research and findings. Planning Department for zoning confirmation.

0 600 1,200 2,400 Feet

KAUMALAPAU HIGHWAY

MIKI ROAD

Lāna‘i Landfill Kalamaiki Gulch Light Industrial 65 Acres DRAFT

9-7 C Plan Update Community Lāna‘i

KAUPILI RD

Heavy Light Industrial Existing Industrial 100 Acres Heavy 35 Acres ExistingDRAFT Airport Miki Industrial 9-7 B 9-7 C Runway 27 Acres

Proposed Airport Runway Expansion 9-7 A

Kaumalapau Gulch

Kaunolu

Anapuka 9.7 Proposed Airport Land Use Detail Use Airport Land Proposed 9.7

KAUPILI RD Land Use Residential Commercial Commercial 2 Acres Agriculture 9-8 B Rural

Project District MANELE RD Manele Open Space Existing Solar Farm Residential Conservation KAUPILI RD 83 Acres 30, September 2013 Park 9-8 A Park Roads 9-8 C Existing Public Roads Proposed Public Roads Existing Private Roads Mānele Proposed Private Roads Mauka Mahanalua Contours 100ft Intermittant Streams/Drainageways Parcels Special Management Area (SMA) Boundary This map is for informational purposes only and subject to change based upon future research and findings. Kapihua This is not a zoning map. Please contact the Planning Department for zoning confirmation.

0 600 1,200 2,400 Poopoo Feet

Huawai DRAFT Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Community Lāna‘i DRAFT

HULOPOE ROAD

Kaluakoi

Hulopoe

MANELE RD Mānele Project District Manele Small Boat Harbor

Rural 76 Acres 9-8 D Pu‘upehe Open Space Preserve

Hulopoe Bay

Po‘opo‘o

Pu‘upehe Detail Use Mānele Land Proposed 9.8 Land Use Residential Public/Quasi-Public Heavy Industrial Airport Agriculture Kiei Conservation Roads 30, September 2013 Existing Public Roads Proposed Public Roads Contours 100ft Conservation Agriculture Intermittant Streams/Drainageways Parcels Special Management Area (SMA) Boundary

This map is for informational purposes only and subject to change based upon future research and findings. This is not a zoning map. Please contact the Planning Department for zoning confirmation. KAUMALAPAU HIGHWAY

0 600 1,200 2,400

Feet Lāna‘i Landfill Kalamaiki Gulch DRAFT Lāna‘i Community Plan Update Community Lāna‘i

KAUPILI RD

Kalamanui GulchAgricultureDRAFT Residential Heavy Industrial Existing 50 Acres 9-9 B 10 Acres Existing Heavy Quarry Industrial 9-9 A 6 Acres Kaumālapa‘u Harbor

Existing Airport Runway

Conservation Kaumalapau Gulch

Agriculture

Kaunolu 9.9 Proposed Kaumālapa‘u Land Use Detail Land Use Kaumālapa‘u Proposed 9.9