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Public Review Draft November 2015 NORTH SHORE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT NOVEMBER 2015 PREPARED FOR: HONOLULU BOARD OF WATER SUPPLY PREPARED BY: GROUP 70 INTERNATIONAL, INC. THIS PUBLICATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE GENERAL INFORMATION PREPARED BY PROFESSIONALS IN REGARD TO THE SUBJECT MATTER COVERED. IT IS PROVIDED WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER, AUTHORS, AND EDITORS ARE NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICE HEREIN. DUE TO THE RAPIDLY CHANGING NATURE OF THE LAW, INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION MAY BECOME OUTDATED. ALTHOUGH PREPARED BY PROFESSIONALS, THIS PUBLICATION SHOULD NOT BE UTILIZED BY A LAWYER AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HIS OR HER OWN RESEARCH. THE LAWYER IS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANALYZING AND UPDATING THE INFORMATION TO ENSURE ACCURACY. THIS PUBLICATION SHOULD NOT BE USED BY NON-LAWYERS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL LEGAL OR OTHER ADVICE. IF LEGAL ADVICE OR OTHER EXPERT ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A PROFESSIONAL SHOULD BE SOUGHT. THE PUBLISHER, AUTHORS, AND EDITORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY, LOSS OR RISK INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE AND APPLICATION, EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION, WHETHER OR NOT NEGLIGENTLY PROVIDED. ALL PROCEDURES AND FORMS ARE SUGGESTIONS ONLY, AND CHANGES MUST BE MADE DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES IN EACH CASE. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES.1 THE NORTH SHORE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN PURPOSE........ ES-1 ES.2 THE NSWMP AND THE NORTH SHORE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES PLAN ............................................................................... ES-3 ES.3 THE PLANNING PROCESS ........................................................................ ES-3 ES.4 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE NSWMP .............................................. ES-4 ES.5 SUMMARY PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT ..................................................... ES-5 ES.6 WATER USE AND PROJECTED DEMAND ................................................. ES-7 ES.7 SUMMARY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY .................................................. ES-10 ES.8 ULTIMATE DEMAND SCENARIO AND SUPPLY ...................................... ES-12 ES.9 PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES................................................................... ES-14 ES.10 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NSWMP ...................................................... ES-17 1 OÿAHU WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN OVERVIEW 1.1 AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE ...................................................................... 1-1 1.2 OÿAHU WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK ................................ 1-5 1.3 OÿAHU WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN UPDATE ....................... 1-13 1.4 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................... 1-50 2 NORTH SHORE WATERSHED PROFILE 2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.3 LAND AND WATER RESOURCES ................................................................ 2-2 2.4 TRADITIONAL PRACTICES AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ........................ 2-50 2.5 SETTLEMENT HISTORY ............................................................................. 2-56 2.6 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS......................................................... 2-63 2.7 TRANSPORTATION .................................................................................. 2-64 2.8 LAND USE ................................................................................................ 2-66 2.9 PREVIOUS RELEVANT PLANS .................................................................. 2-76 2.10 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ............................................................. 2-80 3 WATER USE AND PROJECTED DEMAND 3.1 WATER AVAILABILITY AND USE ................................................................ 3-1 3.2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ......................................................................... 3-12 3.3 PROJECTING FUTURE WATER DEMAND ................................................. 3-23 3.4 MOST PROBABLE WATER DEMAND SCENARIO ...................................... 3-30 3.5 ADEQUACY OF SUPPLY TO MEET DEMAND ........................................... 3-31 NORTH SHORE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN - DRAFT i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 4 PLAN OBJECTIVES, WATER SUPPLY AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES .................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 OVERALL GOAL, OBJECTIVES, AND SUB-OBJECTIVES OF THE NSWMP ...................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECTS, PROGRAMS & STRATEGIES ....... 4-5 4.3 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS WITH “PROJECTS CHAMPIONS” ....................................................................... 4-15 4.4 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ............................................... 4-53 5 IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN .................................................... 5-2 5.3 PHASING AND FUNDING OF “PROJECTS WITH CHAMPIONS” ................ 5-7 5.4 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT – PRIORITY WATERSHEDS AND CATALYST PROJECTS ................................................................................ 5-12 5.5 IMPLEMENTATION AND FUNDING: SOURCES AND STRATEGIES........... 5-29 APPENDICES A OAHU WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK B PLANS, POLICIES, GUIDELINES, AND CONTROLS C OÿAHU WATER USE PERMIT INDEX D OVERVIEW OF OÿAHU HYDROGEOLOGY E WATER FORECASTING ii NORTH SHORE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN - DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES ES.1 The Eight Districts of the Oÿahu Water Management Plan ................................. ES-2 ES.2 North Shore Watersheds .................................................................................. ES-6 ES.3 Water Demand by Water System ..................................................................... ES-9 ES.4 North Shore Demand and Supply: Most Probable and Ultimate Scenarios ...... ES-13 ES.5 Watershed Management Projects Map ........................................................... ES-15 1.1 Oÿahu Development Plan Areas ......................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Watershed Management Plans for Oÿahu, County and State Level Planning Framework Diagram .......................................................................................... 1-7 1.3 BWS Potable and Nonpotable Water System Demands: Actual 1970 – 2014 and Linear Projection to 2035 .......................................................................... 1-16 1.4 BWS Gallons per Capita Day Demand Trend 1980-2040 ................................. 1-17 1.5 Department of Hawaiian Home Lands on Oÿahu .............................................. 1-21 1.6 Agricultural Zoned Lands on Oÿahu ................................................................. 1-23 1.7 Punaluÿu Stream Diversion and Piped Ditch ..................................................... 1-24 1.8 Oÿahu Aquifer System Areas ............................................................................ 1-27 1.9 Oÿahu Surface Water Hydrologic Units ............................................................ 1-30 1.10 Population and Potable Water Demand Distribution 2010 ................................ 1-36 1.11 Estimated Population and Potable Water Demand Distribution 2035 ................ 1-37 1.12 Seasonal Agricultural Water Use Supplementing Surface Water with Ground Water .............................................................................................................. 1-44 2.1 Ahupuaÿa of the North Shore District ................................................................. 2-3 2.2 Watersheds of the North Shore District ............................................................... 2-4 2.3 Mean Annual Rainfall (1978-2007) of the North Shore District ........................... 2-6 2.4 Indicators of Climate Change ............................................................................. 2-7 2.5 Cross Section of Central Oÿahu ........................................................................ 2-11 2.6 Ground Water Movement on Oÿahu ................................................................ 2-12 2.7 North Shore Pass/No Pass and UIC Lines .......................................................... 2-16 2.8 Streams, Wetlands and Fishponds of the North Shore District ........................... 2-20 2.9 CWRM Surface Water Hydrologic Units ........................................................... 2-22 2.10 Highly Erodible Lands (HEL) of the North Shore ............................................... 2-27 2.11 Tsunami Evacuation Zone for the Haleÿiwa/Waialua Areas ............................... 2-32 2.12 North Shore Flood Zones ................................................................................. 2-34 2.13 Nearshore Marine Resources of the North Shore .............................................. 2-39 2.14 Haleÿiwa Ocean Recreation Management Activity Zones .................................. 2-40 2.15 North Shore Ecosystem Management Areas ...................................................... 2-48 2.16 North Shore State Land Use Districts ...............................................................
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