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ToR Compliance

Compliance of Terms of Reference for the expansion of sugar mill from 2500 to 6000 TCD and molasses based distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Village: Shreenathnagar Patethan, Post: Rahu, Tal: Daund, Dist: Pune Maharashtra-412207

This project was submitted to MoEFCC (EAC) in Aug 2017 for ToR for preparation of EIA report. The EAC considered the project and prescribed the standard ToR for undertaking details EIA study. The pointwise compliance of compliance of ToRs is given in the table below

A. Model TOR by MoEF&CC (April 2015)

# Points of TOR Compliance 1. Executive Summary Prepared, bound separately and submitted along with EIA report 2. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET Vasantdada Sugar Institute accreditation Manjari (Bk), Pune, Maharashtra- 412307 Accredited by QCI/NABET; Certificate No.: NABET/EIA/1417/SA 0014 3. Information about the project proponent Details are given in Chapter I, Point 1.3, Page 1-2 4. Importance and benefits of the project Details are given in Chapter I, Point 1.5, Page 1-3 5. Cost of project and time of completion Details are given in Chapter II, Point 2.16, Table 2.17 and 2.18 Page 2-46 6. Products with capacities for the Details are given in Chapter II, Table proposed project 2.2, Page 2-3 7. If expansion project, details of existing products This is expansion of sugar unit and with capacities and whether adequate land is molasses based distillery project. available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if Earlier capacities given in Chapter II, any point 2.2 page 2-1 Land Breakup given in Chapter II, Point 2.7.4, Table 2.5, Page 2-11

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance 8. List of raw materials required and their Details are given in Chapter II, Please source along with mode of transportation refer to Table 2.4, Page 2-10 9. Other chemicals and materials required Details are given in Chapter II, Please with quantities and storage capacities refer to Table 2.4, Page 2-10 10. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous Details are given in Chapter II, Point waste generation and their management 2.13, Table 2.9, Page 2-21 11. Requirement of water, power, with source of Water requirement for the proposed supply, status of approval, water balance project will be met from Bhima River. diagram, man-power requirement (regular and Water drawl permission is attached contract) as Annexure VI. Details are given in Chapter II, Point 2.7.5, 2.7.7, Table 2.6 and 2.7, Page 2-12 to 2-14, manpower requirement in Table 2.2 on page 2-5 12. Process description along with major Details are given in Chapter II, Point equipment’s and machineries, process flow 2.8, Page 2-16 to 2-19 sheet (quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided 13. Hazard identification and details of proposed Please refer to Chapter VII, Point safety systems 7.2.1, Page 7-4 14. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) EC was applicable only to existing including Amendments thereto obtained for the distillery since existing sugar mill project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as capacity is 2500 TCD an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest EC of distillery is attached as Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Annexure VIII- A Ministry of Environment and Forests as per Consent for sugar mill & distillery is circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of attached as Annexure VII- A & B compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report 15. In case the existing project has not obtained Existing sugar mill capacity is 2500 environmental clearance, reasons for not taking TCD hence EC is not applicable EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification Consent for sugar mill is attached as 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be Annexure VII B provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted 16. Location of the project site covering village, Details are given in Chapter I, Please Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification refer to Point 1.2, Figure 1.1 Page 1-1 for selecting the site, whether other sites were and Point 2.4 Page 2-2 considered 17. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km Please refer to Annexure I (B) for and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on Toposheet an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) 18. Details with respect to option analysis for Please refer to Chapter V, Point 5.1, selection of site Page 5-1 19. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the Please refer to Chapter III, Point site 3.3.1, Page 3-1 20. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project Please refer to Chapter III, Figure 3.1, site Page 3-3 21. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as Please refer to Chapter I, Figure 1.1, proposed unit indicating storage area, plant Page 1-3 and Chapter II, Figure 2.1, area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located Page 2-6 within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance 22. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if Please refer to Chapter II, Figure 2.20 applicable) plant site. If existing, show A & Figure 2.20 B Page2-44 & 2-45 photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular 23. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site Please refer to Chapter III, Point (identified and acquired), government/private - 3.3.2.2, Table 3.3 Page 3-6 agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) 24. A list of major industries with name and type Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.16 within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area 25. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status Please refer to Chapter III, Point 3.4.4 of the study area shall be included Page 3-19 and Point 3.5.1 and 3.5.2 Page 3-24 26. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km Please refer to Chapter III, Figure 3.6 radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km Page 3-14, Table 3.1 and 3.2, Page 3- radius of any major river, peak and lean season 2 to 3-3 river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided (mega green field projects) 27. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not Land is already in possession of complete, stage of the acquisition process and factory. Please refer Chapter No. II, expected time of complete possession of the land Point No. 2.7.4, Page 2-11 28. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Not Applicable Government policy 29. Permission and approval for the use of forest Not Applicable land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department (if applicable)

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance 30. Land use map based on High resolution satellite Please refer to Chapter III, Point imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating 3.3.2.2, Figure 3.2 Page 3-6 & 3-7 the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) 31. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the No forest land is used for the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status proposed project shall be submitted 32. The projects to be located within 10 km of the Not Applicable. National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere No National Parks, Sanctuaries, Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory the project proponent shall submit the map duly Corridors of Wild Animals located authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing within 10 km radius of the project these features vis-à-vis the project location and site, Details are given in Chapter III the recommendations or comments of the Chief point 3.3.1 Table 3.1 Page 3-2 Wildlife Warden thereon 33. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated Not Applicable by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area 34. Copy of application submitted for clearance Not Applicable under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 35. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at Please refer to Chapter III point the project site and site-specific micro- 3.3.1.1 and Table 3.2 Page 3-3 and meteorological data using temperature, relative Chapter IV, Point 4.3.2.1.1, Page 4-9 humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall 36. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for Please refer to Annexure 10 and

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters Chapter III, Table 3.5 Page 3-11, relevant to the project shall be collected. The Point 3.4.5, Table 3.9 Page 3-21 monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests 37. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks Please refer to Annexure 10 and of all stations as per frequency given in the Chapter III, Point 3.4.5, Table 3.9 NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - Page 3-21 min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report 38. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m Please refer to Chapter No. III, Table upstream and downstream of discharge point) 3.5 Page 3-11 and Table 3.7 Page 3- and other surface drains at eight locations as per 15 CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines 39. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of Not Applicable river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes Site does not fall near to polluted give details stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details 40. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.8 locations shall be included Page 3-17 41. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.10 study area Page 3-24 42. Soil characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Please refer to Chapter III, Table 3.6 Page 3-13 43. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, Please refer to Chapter III, Point frequency of vehicles for transportation of 3.8.1, Table 3.17 materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. 44. Detailed description of flora and fauna Please refer Annexure-XII for list of (Terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study flora & fauna existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, area. endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I No schedule-I fauna was found in the fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife study area.

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished 45. Socio-economic status of the study area Please refer to Chapter III, Point 3.7, Page 3-28 to 3-30 46. Assessment of ground level concentration of Please refer to Chapter IV, Point pollutants from the stack emission based on 4.3.2.1.1 and 4.3.2.2, Page 4-9 to 4-14 site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. 47. Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in No discharge in water body as ‘Zero water body liquid discharge’ will be achieved 48. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and Please refer to Chapter II and IV, end products on the surrounding environment Point 4.3.1, Page 4-5 shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or convey or cum- rail transport shall be examined 49. A note on treatment of wastewater from Please refer to Chapter V, Point 5.3 different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules 50. Details of stack emission and action plan for Please refer to Chapter IV, Point control of emissions to meet standards 4.3.2.1.1, Page 4-9 51. Measures for fugitive emission control Please refer to Chapter IV, Point 4.3.3, Page 4-12 52. Details of hazardous waste generation and their Please refer to Chapter IV, Point storage, utilization and management. Copies of 4.5.1.1, Page 4-16 MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. 53. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as Please refer to Chapter IV, Point per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of 4.3.2.1, Page 4-6 action shall be provided 54. Action plan for the green belt development plan Please refer to Chapter IX point 9.4 in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 Page 9-11 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. 55. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures Please refer to Chapter IX, Point at plant site shall be submitted to harvest 9.3.3.2, Table 9.2 Page 9-10 rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance 56. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.16, environmental pollution control measures shall Page 2-46 be included Chapter IX, Point 9.8, Table 9.8 Page 9-18 57. Action plan for post-project environmental Please refer to Chapter VI monitoring shall be submitted 58. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Please refer to Chapter VII, Point 7.9 Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Page 7-20 and Point 7.11 Page 7-27 Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan 59. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the Please refer to Chapter XI, Table 9.8 occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers 60. Details of exposure specific health status Please refer to Annexure No. XIII evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. 61. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Please refer to Chapter VII and Hazards. What are the exposure levels of Chapter IX Point 9.5 Page 9-14 hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance 62. Annual report of heath status of workers with Please refer to Chapter IX Point 9.5 special reference to Occupational Health and Page 9-14 Safety. 63. Does the company have a well laid down Not available Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. 64. Does the Environment Policy prescribed for Not available standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA 65. What is the hierarchical system or Please refer to Chapter IX, Figure 9.5, Administrative order of the company to deal Page 9-20 with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given 66. Does the company have system of reporting of Please refer to Chapter VI, Table non compliances / violations of environmental 6.5b and 6.6a Page 6-7 norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 67. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such Please refer to Chapter IX, Point 9.5 as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided & 9.6 Table 9.7 Page 9-14 to 9-18 to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 68. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project Please refer to Chapter IX, Table 9.7, cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Page 9-17 Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance economic development activities need to be elaborated upon 69. Any litigation pending against the project No litigation pending and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case F70. A tabular chart with index for point wise Given in EIA Report compliance of above TOR

B. Specific terms of reference for EIA studies for sugar industry

# Points of TOR Compliance 1 Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its Please refer to Chapter II, processes and operations in production of sugar, along Point 2.8, Figure 2.3 Page 2- with material and energy inputs and outputs (material 16, 2-17 and energy balance). 2 Details on water balance including quantity of effluent Please refer to Chapter II, generated, recycled & reused. Efforts to minimize Point 2.7.5, Table 2.6 Page 2- effluent is charge and to maintain quality of receiving 12, 2-13 water body. 3 Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated Please refer to Chapter II, water quality with specific efficiency of each treatment Point No 2.14.1, Figure No. unit in reduction in respect to fall concerned / regulated 2.7 Page 2-22 to 2-25 environmental parameters. 4 Number of working days of the sugar production unit. Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.5, Table 2.2 Page 2-3 5 Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.7.6 Page 2-14

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

# Points of TOR Compliance 6 Details of proposed source-specific pollution control Please refer to Chapter II, schemes and equipment’s to meet the national Point 2.14.1, Figure 2.7, standards. Page2-22 to 2-25, Point 2.14.4, 2.14.5 & 2.14.6 Page 2-38 to 2-40 7 Collection, storage, handling and transportation of Please refer to Chapter II, molasses Point 2.7.2 table 2.4 Page 2-9 8 Collection, storage and handling of bagasse and press Please refer to Chapter II, mud. Point 2.7.3 Page 2-10 9 Fly ash management plan for coal based and bagasse Please refer to Chapter IV, and action plan Point 4.3.2.1.1, Page 4-9 10 Details on water quality parameters such as Please refer to Chapter III, Temperature, Colour, pH, BOD, COD, Total Kjeldhal Table 3.5 Page 3-11 and Nitrogen, Phosphates, Oil & Grease, Total Suspended Table 3.7 Page 3-15 Solids, Total Coli form bacteria etc. 11 Details on existing ambient air quality and expected, Please refer to Annexure 10 stack and fugitive emissions for PM10, PM2.5, SO2*, and Chapter III, Point 3.4.5 NOx*, etc., and evaluation of the adequacy of the Page 3-21, Table 3.5 Page 3- proposed pollution control devices to meet standards 11, Table 3.9 Page 3-21 for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*-As applicable)

C. Specific terms of reference for EIA studies for Distilleries

# Points of TOR Compliance 1 List of existing distillery units in the study area along Please refer to Chapter III, Point with their capacity and sourcing of raw material. 3.7.4.3 Table 3.16 Page 3-30 2 Number of working days of the distillery unit. Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.5, Table 2.2 Page 2-3 3 Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, Please refer to Chapter II, Table their source with availability. 2.4 Page 2-10 4 Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.7.6 Page 2-14

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ToR Compliance

5 Surface and Ground water quality around proposed Please refer to Chapter III, Table spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard. 3.7 and 3.8 Page 3-15 to 3-18 6 Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 Please refer to Chapter II, point KL/KL of alcohol produced. 2.8 Page 2-16 and Figure 2.4 Page 2-19 7 Proposed effluent treatment system for Please refer to Chapter II, point molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent 2.14.2 and Figure 2.8, 2.9 and lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic 2.10 Page 2-27 to 2-30 sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD). 8 Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption Please refer to Chapter II, point within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production 2.7.5 and Table 2.6 Page 2-12 9 Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, Please refer to Chapter II, Figure material used, design consideration. No. of 2.11 Page 2-34 peizometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank. 10 Action plan to control ground water pollution Please refer to Chapter II, Figure 2.12, 2.13 and 2.14 11 Details of solid waste management including Please refer to Chapter II, Point management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of 2.14.6 Page 2-38 incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal. 12 Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable). Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.14.2.3 A Page 2-28 13 Action plan to control odour pollution. Please refer to Chapter II, Point 2.14.2.3 Figure 2.10, Page 2-27 and 2-28 14 Arrangements for installation of continuous online Please refer to Chapter IX, Table monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device) 9.8 & 9.9 Page 9-18

ToR Compliance: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune Contents

CONTENTS OF REPORT

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Purpose of the report 1-1 1.3 Identification of project and project proponent 1-2 1.4 Preliminary project information 1-2 1.5 Importance of project to the country 1-3 1.6 Scope of the study 1-4 1.7 Environmental Legislation 1-4 1.8 Structure of the report 1-4 II PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Type of project 2-1 2.3 Need for the project 2-1 2.4 Selection of site 2-2 2.5 Project highlights 2-3 2.6 Size or magnitude of operation 2-6 2.7 Infrastructure 2-9 2.7.1 Sugarcane 2-9 2.7.2 Molasses 2-9 2.7.3 Press mud 2-10 2.7.4 Land 2-11 2.7.5 Water 2-12 2.7.6 Steam 2-14 2.7.7 Power 2-14 2.7.8 Fuel 2-15 2.7.8.1 Fuel Composition 2-16 2.8 Process description 2-16 2.9 Fire protection system 2-20

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 2.10 Bagasse handling system 2-20 2.11 Ash handling system 2-20 2.12 Manpower 2-20 2.13 Environmental aspects 2-21 2.14 Pollution aspect 2-22 2.14.1 Sugar Unit 2-22 2.14.1.1 ETP; Primary treatment 2-25 2.14.1.2 Secondary treatment 2-26 2.14.2 Distillery Unit 2-27 2.14.2.1 Primary Treatment for Spentwash 2-27 2.14.2.2 Secondary treatment for Spentwash - MEE 2-30 2.14.2.3 Tertiary treatment for Spentwash 2-30 2.14.3 Sewage 2-38 2.14.4 Air emissions and Control measures 2-38 2.14.5 Noise Control 2-39 2.14.6 Solid waste generation and management 2-40 2.14.7 Hazardous waste 2-40 2.15 Greenbelt development 2-41 2.16 Cost of the project 2-46 III BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Methodology of Baseline Study 3-1 3.3 Description of Study Area 3-1 3.3.1 Description of Site and surrounding features 3-1 3.3.1.1 Access to the site 3-3 3.3.2 Land Use Pattern 3-4 3.3.2.1 Methodology 3-4 3.3.2.2 Land use/ land cover classes details 3-6 3.3.3 Climatic conditions of the Daund Taluka 3-7 3.3.3.1 Rainfall 3-7

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 3.3.3.2 Temperature 3-8 3.3.3.3 Relative humidity 3-8 3.3.3.4 Cloudiness 3-8 3.3.3.5 Winds 3-8 3.3.3.5.1 Wind speed and wind direction 3-9 3.4 Environment monitoring data on soil, water, air 3-10 and noise aspects 3.4.1 Soil: general characteristics for the district 3-11 3.4.1.1 Soil characteristics 3-12 3.4.1.2 Observations 3-13 3.4.2 Hydrology 3-14 3.4.3. Physico-chemical characteristics of surface water 3-14 3.4.3.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water 3-19 3.4.4 Hydrogeology 3-19 3.4.4.1 Major ground water problems and issues 3-21 3.4.5 Air environment 3-21 3.4.5.1 Observations 3-23 3.4.6 Noise environment 3-23 3.4.6.1 Method of monitoring 3-24 3.4.6.2 Parameters measured 3-24 3.5 Geography and geology 3-24 3.5.1 Geography 3-24 3.5.2 Geology 3-25 3.5.2.1 Minerals 3-25 3.6. Biological environment 3-26 3.6.1 Methodology 3-26 3.6.2 Floral diversity of study area 3-27 3.6.3 Faunal diversity of study area 3-27 3.6.4 Observations within 10 km surrounding study area 3-27 3.7 Socio-economic environment 3-28

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 3.7.1 Introduction 3-28 3.7.2 Methodology 3-28 3.7.3 Sources of information 3-28 3.7.4 Social profile 3-28 3.7.4.1 Demography 3-29 3.7.4.2 Literacy levels 3-29 3.7.4.3 Occupation structure 3-30 3.7.4.4 Settlement details 3-30 3.7.4.5 Availability of infrastructure 3-30 3.7.5 Social activities initiated and implemented by 3-32 SMSKL 3.8 Other aspects 3-33 3.8.1 Traffic details 3-33 IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Construction phase 4-1 4.2.1 Land transformation 4-2 4.2.2 Air environment 4-2 4.2.3 Water environment 4-3 4.2.4 Ecology 4-4 4.2.5 Natural resources 4-4 4.2.6 Socio-economic aspects 4-4 4.3 Operation Phase : Air pollution 4-5 4.3.1 Transportation 4-5 4.3.1.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures 4-5 4.3.2 Manufacturing process 4-6 4.3.2.1 Emissions due to burning of fuel 4-6 4.3.2.1.1 Dispersion modeling for air pollutants 4-9 4.3.2.2 Prediction 4-11 4.3.3 Other sources of air pollution 4-12

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 4.3.4 Impact assessment 4-13 4.3.5 Noise 4-13 4.4 Water environment 4-14 4.4.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures 4-14 4.4.1.1 Reuse of water (after proper treatment) 4-14 4.4.1.2 Recycle of water 4-14 4.4.1.3 Conservation of water 4-14 4.4.2 Impact assessment 4-14 4.5 Soil environment 4-15 4.5.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures 4-16 4.5.1.1 Hazardous waste 4-16 4.5.2 Impact assessment 4-16 4.6 Ecology and biodiversity 4-16 4.7 Impact socio-economic environment 4-20 4.8 Impact on physiography, geology and hydro- 4-21 geology (drainage) 4.9 Other impact: Traffic 4-21 4.10 Summary 4-21 V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Alternative Site 5-1 5.2 Manufacturing process 5-1 5.2.1 Effluent Treatment Technologies 5-1 VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Environmental management cell 6-1 6.2.1 Monitoring Plan 6-3 6.2.1.1 Water Environment 6-3 6.2.1.2 Air Environment 6-3 6.2.1.3 Noise Environment 6-3 6.2.1.4 Soil Environment 6-3 6.2.1.5 Other Conditions 6-4

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 6.2.3 Flow measurement 6-5 VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT) 7.1 Safety 7-1 7.1.1 Goals or Targets of safety 7-1 7.1.2 Procedures in case of accidents 7-2 7.2 Risk assessment and risk management 7-3 7.2.1 Hazard identification 7-4 7.2.1.1 Broad Categories of hazard 7-4 7.3 Probable risk factors 7-6 7.3.1 Fire in fuel storage yard 7-6 7.3.2 Mechanical Injury to Body Parts 7-7 7.3.3 Mitigation measures for fire hazards 7-8 7.3.4 Boiler operations 7-10 7.4 Qualitative risk assessment 7-10 7.5 Mitigation 7-14 7.5.1 Basic Design of the Sugar Unit 7-14 7.5.2 Steam Generating System 7-14 7.5.3. Turbo Generator System 7-14 7.5.4 Bagasse Handling 7-14 7.5.5 Milling Section 7-15 7.5.6 Control and Instrumentation 7-15 7.6 Risk Mitigation Measures : Fire Hazard 7-15 7.6.1 Fire Fighting System 7-15 7.6.1.1 Fire Extinguisher 7-15 7.6.1.2 Classification of Fire 7-15 7.6.1.3 Use of Fire Fighting Equipment 7-16 7.6.1.4 Fire Evacuation 7-16 7.6.1.5 Procedure For In Case Of Fire 7-16 7.6.1.6 Ventilation 7-17

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 7.6.1.7 First Aid 7-17 7.7 Other Measures 7-18 7.8 Safety Organization 7-19 7.9 Onsite Emergency Plan 7-20 7.9.1 Introduction 7-20 7.9.2 Objectives 7-21 7.9.3 Identification and Assessment of Hazard 7-21 7.9.4 Emergency Control Centre 7-21 7.9.5 Responsibilities of Works Manager 7-22 7.9.6 Emergency Siren 7-22 7.9.7 Wind Direction 7-23 7.9.8 Organization Chart for Dealing Emergencies 7-23 7.9.9 First Information 7-24 7.9.10 Brief Responsibilities 7-24 7.9.10.1 Chief Incident Controller 7-24 7.9.10.2 Site Incident Controller 7-24 7.9.10.3 Safety and Engineering Team 7-24 7.9.10.4 First-Aid Team 7-24 7.9.10.5 Fire Team , Security Team 7-24 7.9.10.6 Liaison Team 7-25 7.10 Responsibity In Details 7-25 7.10.1 Chief Incident Controller 7-25 7.10.2 Site Incident Controller 7-25 7.10.3 Safety Team and Engineering Team 7-26 7.10.4 Fire Team and Security Team 7-26 7.10.5 First-Aid Team 7-27 7.10.6 Responsibility of Non-Emergency Employees and 7-27 Visitors 7.10.7 Key Emergency Personnel 7-27 7.10.8 Emergency Staff 7-27

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. 7.11 Off-site emergency plan 7-27 7.12 Public hearing minutes 7-32 VIII PROJECT BENEFITS ANALYSIS 8.1 Project Benefits – for the project proponent 8-1 8.2 Project Benefits – for the local society 8-1 8.3 Benefits to country – Alcohol as a fuel 8-2 8.4 Environmental Benefit Analysis 8-2 IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 Overview 9-1 9.1.1 Objectives of EMP 9-1 9.2 EMP for construction phase 9-1 9.3 EMP for operation phase 9-2 9.3.1 Air Environment 9-6 9.3.1.1 Others Emission 9-6 9.3.2 Noise environment 9-6 9.3.3 Water environment 9-7 9.3.3.1 CREP guidelines for molasses based distilleries 9-8 9.3.3.2 Rainwater Harvesting 9-10 9.3.4 Land environment 9-10 9.3.4.1 Hazardous waste management 9-11 9.4 Greenbelt development 9-11 9.5 Safety, occupational health management 9-14 9.6 EMP for Social Environment 9-16 9.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme 9-18 9.8 Budgetary Allocation And Decision Making 9-18 X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 10.1 Salient features of the project 10-1 10.2 Conclusion 10-2 XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT 11.1 Consultant - Vasantdada Sugar Institute 11-1 11.2 Project team of EIA study 11-2

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. I INTRODUCTION II PROJECT DESCRIPTION Table 2.1 Cane availability in the command area of the mill- 2-2 Data for last five years Table 2.2 Highlights of the project 2-3 Table 2.3 Expected performance of the sugar mill for next 2-9 five years Table 2.4 Availability of raw materials, finished good product 2-10 and mode of transport Table 2.5 Land Breakup 2-11 Table 2.6 Water Balance 2-12 Table 2.7 Power requirement 2-14 Table 2.8 Bagasse generation and net consumption estimate 2-15 for the proposed project Table 2.9 Overview of environment management processes 2-21 Table 2.10 Important characteristics of raw spentwash 2-27 Table 2.11 Desired characteristics of bio-compost 2-31 Table 2.12 Composting requirements 2-32 Table 2.13 Mass balance for compost 2-32 Table 2.14 Solid waste generation and disposal 2-38 Table 2.15 Solid waste generation and disposal 2-38 Table 2.16 Tree species in existing green belt 2-39 Table 2.17 Proposed project cost details 2-43 Table 2.18 Project implementation scheduled 2-43 III BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS Table 3.1 Important Features around the Project Site 3-2 Table 3.2 Summary of Environmental features of study area 3-3

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. Table 3.3 Land use/Land cover statistics of the ten square 3-6 km area Table 3.4 Annual rainfall for Daund taluka 3-8 Table 3.5 Monitoring Locations 3-11 Table 3.6 Soil analysis results for samples collected from the 3-13 study area Table 3.7 Analysis report - Surface water sources from the 3-15 study area Table 3.8 Analysis report - Groundwater sources from the 3-17 study area Table 3.9 Baseline Ambient Air Quality data 3-21 Table 3.10 Noise Monitoring Results in dB(A) 3-24 Table 3.11 Religious status of Daund Taluka 3-28 Table 3.12 Number and percentage of Scheduled Caste and 3-29 Scheduled Tribe population in Daund Taluka, 2011 Table 3.13 Sex ratio by sub district 3-29 Table 3.14 Demographic details with respect to SC and ST 3-29 Population Table 3.15 Number of literates and illiterates, literacy rate by 3-30 sex in sub-Districts, 2011 Table 3.16 List of Industries in the surrounding area 3-30 Table 3.17 Average Traffic per day 3-33 IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Table 4.1 General characteristics of bagasse 4-6 Table 4.2 Dispersion Model Input Data 4-9 Table 4.3 Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC's 4-11 Table 4.4 Solid Waste and its Management 4-16

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. Table 4.5 Summary of Impact Assessment and Environment 4-22 management plan proposed for the respective aspect V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Table 6.1 Composition of Environment Management Cell 6-2 Table 6.2 Analysis of environmental parameters and its 6-4 reporting schedule Table 6.3 Suggested schedule for maintenance of waste water 6-4 treatment unit Table 6.4a Format for Water Consumption Reporting 6-5 Schedule – Sugar mill Table 6.4b Format for Water Consumption Reporting 6-6 Schedule - Distillery Table 6.5a Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting 6-6 Schedule – Sugar mill Table 6.5b Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting 6-7 Schedule - Distillery Table 6.6a Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule – 6-7 Sugar Mill Table 6.6b Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule 6-8 Table 6.7 Format for Biocompost Reporting Schedule 6-8 VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT) Table 7.1 NFPA (national fire protection association) rating 7-7 Table 7.2 Hazardous areas in a molasses based distillery 7-8 attached to sugar mill. Table 7.3 Probability of occurrence of hazard 7-10 Table 7.4 Severity – Impact intensity 7-10 Table 7.5 Mitigation measures for identified hazards 7-11

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. VIII PROJECT BENEFITS ANALYSIS IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 9.1 Environment management plan: Operation Phase 9-2 Table 9.2 Details of rainwater harvesting and storage 9-10 Table 9.3 Management of Solid Waste 9-11 Table 9.4 Tree Plantation Details 9-11 Table 9.5 List of recommended species for greenbelt 9-12 development Table 9.6 Flowering and foliage shrubs proposed for 9-13 greenbelt Table 9.7 Financial provision for ESC (CSR) activities 9-17 planned for next five years Table 9.8 Budgetary allocations for environment 9-18 management (Sugar Unit) Table 9.9 Budgetary allocations for environment 9-19 management (Distillery Unit) X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Table 10.1 Salient features of Proposed Project 10-1 XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. I INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Project site location map 1-3 II PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 2.1 Satellite image showing location of proposed 2-6 sugar and distillery unit Figure 2.2 Layout of proposed sugar unit 2-7 (A) Figure 2.2 Layout of proposed distillery unit 2-8 (B) Figure 2.3 Flow chart of sugar manufacturing process 2-17 Figure 2.4 Schematic of RS/ENA/AA manufacturing process 2-19 Figure 2.5 Existing Fire Fighting System 2-20 Figure 2.6 Flowchart of effluent generation and 2-22 management from Sugar unit Figure 2.7 Schematics of Effluent treatment plant 2-23 Figure 2.8 Flowchart for Spent wash treatment and disposal 2-26 Figure2.9 Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) System 2-27 Figure 2.10 Aero tiller/ mixing machine for mixing up the 2-28 windrow Figure 2.11 Sectional view of Spentwash storage lagoon 2-34 Figure 2.12 Existing Compost yard with Leachate gutter 2-34 Figure 2.13 Sectional view of compost yard 2-35 Figure 2.14 Sectional view of Leachate Gutter 2-35 Figure 2.15 Existing HDPE pipelines for carrying Spentwash 2-36 Figure 2.16 Existing Spentwash storage lagoon 2-36 Figure 2.17 Existing Venturi Wet Scrubber With Chimney 2-37 Figure 2.18 DG set with acoustic enclosure 2-37 Figure 2.19 Existing Greenbelt 2-40

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

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CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. Figure 2.20 Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Sugar unit) 2-41 (A) Figure 2.20 Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Distillery unit) 2-42 (B) III BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS Figure 3.1 Satellite image showing site and surrounding 3-3 area Figure 3.2 Land use/land cover map of the study area 3-7 Figure 3.3 Wind rose 3-9 Figure 3.4 Wind class frequency distribution 3-10 Figure 3.5 Monitoring location map 3-10 Figure 3.6 Drainage map of the study area 3-14 Figure 3.7 Hydrogeology of Pune district 3-20 Figure 3.8 Geological and mineral map of Maharashtra 3-26 IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES Figure 4.1 Isopleths showing incremental ground level 4-10 concentration of particulate matter (Short Term 24 Hourly) during cane crushing season

Figure 4.2 Isopleths showing incremental ground level 4-10 concentration of SO2 (Short Term 24 Hourly) during cane crushing season Figure 4.3 Isopleths showing incremental ground level 4-11 concentration of SO2 (Short Term 24 Hourly) during off-season – bagasse + biogas as a fuel V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Figure 6.1 Schematics of Environment Management Cell 6-2

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

Contents

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE No. VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES (SAFETY, RISK &DISASTER MANAGEMENT) Figure 7.1 Schematic of procedure in case of accident 7-2 Figure 7.2 Bagasse yard with fire fighting system 7-8 VIII PROJECT BENEFIT ANALYSIS IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure 9.1 Schematic of Water Management 9-7 Figure 9.2 Rain water harvesting and storm water drainage 9-10 layout Figure 9.3 Schematics of waste Management 9-11 Figure 9.4 Schematics of greenbelt development 9-14 Figure 9.5 Decision making and its implementation 9-20 hierarchy (from top to bottom) and reporting hierarchy (bottom to top ) for environmental conditions/ Compliances X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT Figure 11.1 Activities of Department of Environmental 11-1 Science

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune

ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION FULL FORM AA Absolute alcohol/ anhydrous alcohol ACF Activated charcoal filter AP Air pollution AAQ Ambient Air quality AQ Air Quality BOD Biological Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CREP Corporate Responsibility For Environmental Protection DG Diesel Generator DO Dissolved Oxygen EC Environmental Clearance EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environment Management Plan ENA Extra Neutral Alcohol EPA Environmental (Protection) Act FAE Functional Area Expert GLC Ground Level Concentration SHE Safety, Health and Environment HWMH Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules

ID Induced Draft IMD Indian Meteorological Department IMFL Indian Made Foreign Liquor IS Indian Standard KLPD or KLD Kilo Liter Per Day MINAS Minimal National Standards MOC Material of construction MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board MS Mild steel MSDS Material Safety Datasheet

EIA Report: M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Patethan, Pune Proposed Expansion of Sugar and Molasses Based Distillery unit i ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION FULL FORM MTD Metric Ton Per Day NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NABET National Accreditation Board for Education & Training OSHA Occupational Safety And Health Administration PEL Permissible Exposure Limit PM Particulate Matter ppm Parts per million PPE Personal Protective Equipments RM Raw material RO Reverse Osmosis RS Rectified Spirit SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPL Sound Pressure Level SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SS Suspended Solids STG Steam Turbine Generator TCD Ton Crush per Day TDS Total Dissolved Solid TLV Threshold Limit Value TPH Tons Per Hour TPD Tons Per Day VSI Vasantdada Sugar Institute

EIA Report: M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Patethan, Pune Proposed Expansion of Sugar and Molasses Based Distillery unit ii Annexure

List of Annexure Annexure Particulars Number A) Site Location Map I B) Toposheet II Satellite image showing monitoring location within10km study area III Layout of proposed sugar unit IV Layout of proposed distillery unit V NOC from village panchayat VI Water drawl permission A. Consent to operate (Distillery) VII B. Consent to operate (Sugar unit) A. Environmental Clearance of Distillery VIII B. Certified Compliance report IX Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for the proposed project X Monitoring Reports of : A) Ambient Air Quality B) Noise C) Water D) Soil XI Socio-economic data: Demographic details of Daund Taluka XII List of Flora & Fauna of the study area A. Sample copy of medical checkup report of employee XIII B. Safety Training Report A. Existing Greenbelt Layout of sugar unit XIV B. Existing Greenbelt Layout of distillery unit A. Piezometric well XV B. Groundwater analysis report Continuous online monitoring system XVI A. For distillery unit B. For sugar unit

EIA Report Annexure: Proposed Expansion of Sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Molasses Based Distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD M/S. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Patethan, Pune

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION The sugar industry is the second largest agro-based industry in India and provides direct/indirect livelihood to millions of people. India is the worlds second largest producer of sugarcane and sugar with the state of Maharashtra being the top sugar producing state. The growth of sugar industry in the state started prior to independence in the private sector and in the co-operative sector since 1950. The growth of this industry has certainly helped to improve socio-economic life of the rural parts of the state. The industry is characterized by the phenomenon of cyclicality i.e. cycles of boom and bust. This affects the financial viability of the industry. Sugar mills cannot maintain their financial health on a single product i.e. sugar. Hence, it is necessary to develop a sugar mill into affiliated chemical complex and use the valuable byproducts more profitably. Molasses is a very important by-product of the sugar industry. The profit earned by conversion of molasses to alcohol is much higher than the value realised by sale of molasses. There is a good demand for alcohol in the country as production and consumption of alcohol in India is quite balanced. Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the economy of the country after the ethanol blending program started in the country. The importance and utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw material for manufacturing of a variety of organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

The purpose of this report is to get an Environmental Clearance for expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and molasses based distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD of M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., at village Shreenathnagar Patethan, Taluka Daund, Dist-Pune by carrying out EIA studies. The notification no. S.O. 1533 promulgated on 14th September 2006 has covered sugar and distillery industry under Section 5(j) and 5(g) respectively. Since the project involves expansion of distillery project it is placed under category ‘A’. This report presents the environmental impact analysis of the proposed sugar and distillery expansion project. The adverse impacts can be minimized by using appropriate control or mitigation measures. The structure of the EIA report is as per the guidelines of the EIA notification, 2006 (Appendix III).

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-1

Chapter I

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SMSKL) is one of the progressive sugar factories in Maharashtra, set up in the year 2002-03 and is registered under the Government of Maharashtra, Registration no. 1622100210937 (Re-validation date 22/12/2016). Shri. Pandurang Raut is Chairman and Managing Director of the factory. The present installed capacity of the sugar mill is 2,500 TCD along with molasses-based distillery unit of 30 KLPD. The Management of the factory has undertaken extensive cane development activities in its command area (i.e. area of operations), hence sugarcane area has increased over a period of time. Considering the increased availability of sugarcane, the factory has decided to expand its crushing capacity from 2,500 TCD to 6,000 TCD (operating capacity). Because of increase in the crushing capacity, the production of byproduct like molasses will also increase. Considering this, the management of SMSKL has decided to enhance the capacity of existing distillery unit from 30 KLPD to 55 KLPD, to improve its financial viability.

1.4 PRELIMINARY PROJECT INFORMATION

Name of the Industry M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd.

Size of the project Expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD Location of the project Shreenathnagar Patethan, Taluka Daund, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra-412207 Geographical Location 18°36’20.38’’N and 74°13’39.60’’E Altitude 551m above MSL Nearest City/Town Patethan approx. 2.50 km from the project site Nearest Railway station Yavat and Urali Kanchan railway station approx. 16 km and 20 km respectively from the project site Nearest National/ State NH-9 (Pune-Machilipatnam) approx. 16 km from project site Highway SH-27 (Pune-Ahmednagar) approx. 18 km from project site Nearest Airport Pune, 35 km from the project site

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-2

Chapter I

Figure 1.1: Project Site Location Map 1.5 IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT TO THE COUNTRY

India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane as well as sugar in the world. The sugarcane is a cash crop for farmers. There are about 564 installed sugar factories in India. Most of the sugar industries are located in rural areas providing employment to rural masses. Sugar factories from Maharashtra are the backbone of rural economy. These factories have contributed for the development of economy as well as infrastructure in rural areas, generated ample of employment opportunity to local people.

As an agro based industry, Sugar industry in India is dependent on monsoon. Its financial viability drastically gets affected due to weather conditions as well as market. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the alternative products from the available resources so as improve its financial stability. The importance of alcohol especially for the ethanol blending program in the the energy security of the country cannot be over empahsized. In addition to reducing the petroleum imports and saving precious foreign exchange, the use of fuel ethanol also helps to

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-3

Chapter I

reduce air pollution. This is also a major achievement considering the status of air pollution in most cities n India.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The notification SO-1533, issued by the Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India, in September 2006 and it amendments till date, specify thatcane crushing capacity greater than 5,000 TCD are placed under category ‘B’.The distillery project is placed under category ‘A’. As per the guidelines this project is appraised by the Expert Appriasal Committee (EAC) at central level. Therefore, the application for ‘Environmental Clearance’ (EC) was submitted to EAC at MoEF&CC. In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed expansion project and having a high degree of concern for the environment, M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SMSKL) has taken services of Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI), Manjari (Bk.), Pune to carry out the study on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). VSI is a renowned institute, providing research, technical and consultancy services to the sugar and distillery industries, since 1975. VSI is accredited by NABET for carrying out EIA studies for the sugar,distillery and thermal power (biomass based) projects.

1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION The key environmental legislation relevant to the project are given below- i) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 ii) Forest Conservation Act, 1980 iii) Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 iv) Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 v) Environment Protection Act, 1986 vi) Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 vii) Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rule, 2000 viii) Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rule, 2000 ix) Biological Diversity Act, 2002 x) Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 xi) Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008

1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT The entire report has been prepared, in line with the generic structure of the EIA report as per the Appendix III of the EIA Notification,2006. The report comprises of 11 chapters and the

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-4

Chapter I

relevant supporting documents are in the form of annexures. Executive Summary in English & Marathi is prepared and bound separately. Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter provides the purpose of the report, background information of the proposed project, brief description of nature, size and location of the project, objectives of the project, scope and organization of the study. The key environmental legislation and the standards relevant to the project and the methodology have also been described in this chapter. Chapter 2: Project Description This chapter deals with the need of the project, location, environmental setting of the project, details of project, other technical and design details and sources of pollution from the proposed activity and measures proposed to control pollution. Chapter 3: Baseline Environmetal Status Thischapter presents the methodology and findings of field studies undertaken to establish the environmental baseline conditions, which is also supplemented by secondary published literature. Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of the proposed project during various phases of project advancement, such as design, location of project, construction and regular operations. It also describes the overall impacts of the proposed project activities and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) The technology and project site alternatives are discussed in the chapter. Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigation measures have been delineated in this chapter Chapter 7: Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) The chapter describes public consultation issues & various risks associated during operational stage of the project such as fuel storage, chemical storage fire etc. A disaster management plan to minimize the risks or to combat the associated risks is also discussed. Chapter 8: Project Benefits This chapter describes various benefits of the project to the community in the vicinity and as well as to the region on the whole. Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-5

Chapter I

This chapter provides recommendations/Environment Management Plan (EMP) including mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project and preparation of adequate Environmental Management Plan. Chapter 10: Summary & Conclusion This chapter highlights the expected benefits of the proposed project to the socio-economic scenario in the study area and to the country as a whole. Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultant This chapter provides the disclosure of consultants engaged to carry out the EIA study. *Annexure

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 1-6

Chapter II

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION Sugarcane is one of the important cash crops in India and the sugar industry contributes significantly to Indian economy. With more than 45 million sugarcane growers in the country, the bulk of the rural population in India depends on this industry. India ranks second in terms of the World’s sugar production however most of the sugar produced is consumed in the country itself. Maharashtra is a key player in the Indian sugar industry. The sugar industry is characterized by cyclicality i.e. going through cycles of boom and bust which depends upon the world sugar market and also various environmental factors. To keep this industry sustainable on a long term, it is important to utilize the available resources efficiently and focus on the byproducts by initiating allied activities such as cogeneration and distillery.

2.2 TYPE OF PROJECT The sugar as well as molasses-based distillery unit are both agro-based industries. It is proposed to enhance the capacity of sugar unit from 2,500 TCD to 6,000 TCD (operational capacity) and of distillery from 30 KLPD to 55KLPD. A cogeneration unit of 10 MW also exists in the same premises which is operational only during cane crushing season. In addition, the sugar mill has an old idle steam turbine generator (STG) of 3 MW which will be brought in operation. In case of proposed project, sugar industry is placed under 5 (j) – ‘B’ category and distillery is placed in 5 (g) - as ‘A’ category as per EIA Notification, 2006 (as amended till the date). Both the projects are clubbed/integrated for the environmental clearance process and therefore, the proposed activity will be appraised at central (EAC) level. 2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane as well as sugar in the world. The sugarcane is a cash crop for farmers. There are about 564 installed sugar and about 400 distillery units in India. Most of the sugar and distillery industries are located in rural areas providing employment to rural masses. Sugar factories from Maharashtra are the backbone of rural economy. The alcohol production in the year 2015-16 was 2,325 million liters and 2,125 million liters for the year 2016-17. These factories have contributed for the development of economy as well as infrastructure in rural areas. The project proponent is a private sugar mill located in Pune district of Maharashtra. The cultivation of sugarcane is increasing every year in the command area of the mill and it is anticipated to grow gradually for next few seasons. In addition, the sugar mill is having plans to promote and support the cane development programme, in its command area. The last five years’ performance of the mill is given in Table 2.1.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-1

Chapter II

Table 2.1: Cane availability in the command area of the mill - data for last five years

Sr. Seasons Particulars No. 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

1. Sugarcane Area* (Ha) 7,769 8,164 8,701 8,341 9,448

2. Cane crushed (TPA) 373,196 524686 461,382 192,911 553,754 Bagasse production (% on 3. 28.50 28.85 28.38 28.25 28.32 cane) 4. Molasses (TPA) 15,325 21,700 20,190 8015 2251 5. Press mud Production (TPA) 16,644 21,512 16,563 6616 20489

*includes cane area of non-member farmers As an agro based industry, sugar industry in India is dependent on monsoon. Its financial viability is strongly impacted by weather as well as market conditions. Therefore, it is imperative for the industry to explore alternative products from the available resources to buffer itself from the ups and downs of cyclicality. Molasses based distillery is one such alternative as the raw material availability i.e. molasses is fulfilled in-house. SMSKL already has a 30 KLPD distillery, however with capacity enhancement of sugar mill, the availability of molasses will increase. This can be utilized onsite if the capacity of the existing distillery is enhanced. Hence, for better utilization of molasses and for realization of higher revenue, the management has decided to enhance the capacity of distillery to 55 KLPD. In India, three types of alcohol are produced i.e. rectified spirit (RS), extra neutral alcohol (ENA) and anhydrous alcohol (AA). Of these, RS is widely used for industrial, scientific and medical applications. The demand for RS is high and ever increasing. ENA is used for making liquors and other alcoholic beverages. The requirement for this is also increasing. AA is a fuel alcohol used for blending with petrol in the ratio of maximum 9:1. The policy for ethanol blending with petrol in the country has boosted the requirement for AA and has been a major thrust for this type of alcohol. 2.4 SELECTION OF SITE This is an expansion of existing sugar and distillery unit so there is no re-habilitation and resettlement issue. 1. The present site fulfills the industrial site selection criteria of MoEFCC/CPCB/MPCB i.e. site is >500 m away from high flood line (HFL) of nearby river, it is >500 m away from state/national highway, railway line. There is no protected area such as sanctuary, national park, biosphere reserve within25km radius of the proposed site. There is no defense installation, recreation site, etc. within 25 km radius of the site. Bhima River is about 2.1 km away from the proposed industrial site.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-2

Chapter II

2. Availability of raw material: The basic raw material for the proposed project is sugarcane, bagasse and molasses. As per details given in Table 2.3, due to increase in cane availability in the area, the cane crushing will increase and so will the availability of bagasse as well as molasses for the proposed expansion project. 3. Availability of infrastructure/facilities: Proposed site is well connected by Pune-Solapur- Hyderabad National Highway(NH.65), and Pune-Nagar-Aurangabad national highway (NH 27). The nearest airport to the site is Pune which is about 40 km, whereas the nearest railway station is Yawat and Urali-Kanchan, which are approx. 13 km and 16 km away from the site, respectively. Apart from this, water and electricity is also available in the area. Reasonably good infrastructure, support facilities and labor etc. are available in the vicinity. 2.5 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS The mill already has the main infrastructure in the form of land, water, power and raw material. Adequate land/space available with the mill to accommodate the proposed expansion. Water drawl permission is available to lift water from the Bhima river. The satellite image of the proposed project is shown in Fig. 2.1 and layout for sugar and distillery unit are shown in Fig. 2.2(A) and (B) respectively. Table 2.2: Highlights of the Project 1. Project Proponent M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SMSKL) 2. Project Expansion of Sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Molasses based distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD 3. Location of the Existing mill premises at Shreenathnagar, Patethan, Tal: Daund, Dist.: project Pune, Maharashtra-412207

PROJECT CONCEPT

4. Working days per Sugar: Average 180 days and maximum 220 days annum Distillery: maximum 270 days 5. Product Sugar Unit White Sugar (11.25% on cane) 675 TPD Bagasse Generation (28.50% on cane) 1,710 TPD Molasses (4% on cane) 240 TPD Press mud (4% on cane) 240 TPD Distillery Unit Rectified spirit& 55 KLPD Impure spirit (5%) OR ENA& 55 KLPD Impure spirit (6 %) OR

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-3

Chapter II

Fuel Alcohol& 55 KLPD Impure spirit (5%) Byproduct/s Fusel oil 110 L/day Biogas 18,190 m3/day Compost 10446.5 tons per annum 6. Effluent Treatment For sugar effluent: Activated sludge process based having Primary System and Secondary treatment units. For distillery Spentwash: Biomethanation followed by multi-effect evaporation (MEE) followed by bio-composting For Spent lees, condensate and other effluent: Primary treatment followed by anaerobic and aerobic at secondary stage followed by tertiary treatment 7. Air Pollution Existing venturi wet scrubber will be used as air pollution control Control Systems device

INFRASTRUCTURE 8. Land Total land available with the mill = 77acres Land allocated for proposed expansion = ~10.00 acre (Distillery 7.5 + 2.5 acres greenbelt) Greenbelt: Existing 12 acres green belt will be increased by 2.5 acre No need of acquisition of additional land as the proposed project will be set up in existing mill premises only 9. Main Raw Material Sugar Unit Sugarcane 6,000 TPD Lime (0.14 % on cane) 8.40 TPD Sulphur (0.04 % on cane) 2.4 TPD Distillery Unit Molasses 205 TPD Nutrient N,P 185 kg/d Turkey Red Oil (TRO) 275 kg/d 10. Steam During season: 92 TPH for sugar and 08 TPH for distillery = 100 TPH During off-season: 08 TPH for distillery unit

11. Fuel Bagasse: 1,091TPD (1,054 TPD with biogas)– during season Source: Own sugar unit Biogas: 18,190 m3/D Source: Own sugar mill, Biogas unit

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-4

Chapter II

Bagasse as a fuel: 87.37 TPD (50 TPD with biogas) – off during season

12. Boiler Existing two of bagasse fired boilers;72 TPH and 32 TPH @ temperature 440±10°C These two boilers are adequate to generate required steam, for proposed project. During off-season, existing 32 TPH boiler will be used or a standalone 8 TPH biogas fired boiler will be used for distillery operations. 13. Stack height and Existing 65 m height and 2.9 m inner diameter Inner diameter Distillery stack: 32 m for 8 TPH boiler (Standby if this boiler used) 14. Power and its During Season: Source For Sugar + Distillery = 6.5 MW Source: In-house (Captive) The mill is having STG of 10 MW capacity During Off-Season: For distillery and miscellaneous purpose (Sugar unit) = 1.5 MW Source: Another STG of 3 MW cogeneration unit or State Electricity Board 15. Total Water Sugar unit Requirement and 18,540 m3/season (103 m3/day x 180 days) its Source 25 m3/day during off-season Distillery unit 417 m3/day x 270 days = 1,12,590 cu.m. Total 1,35,630 cum Permission available for 160,000 cum/ Year. Source: Bhima river – with permission from Irrigation Dept. 16. Manpower Existing: Permanent 129 +Seasonal & daily wages 292 = 421 Proposed:164 (Including Permanent+ Seasonal& daily wage labour) Total : 585 17. Green belt Existing 12 acres + Proposed ~2.5 acre = TOTAL 14.5 acres FINANCIAL ASPECT 19. Project Cost (Rs. in Rs. 5,669.10 (Sugar unit Rs. 2295.10 + Distillery Rs. 3374) lakhs) 20. Capital expenses for Rs. 403.90 lakhs (Sugar unit Rs. 64.9 + Distillery Rs. 339) EMP (Rs. in lakhs)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-5

Chapter II

2.6 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION For sugar unit: Capacity enhancement of existing unit of 2,500 to 6,000 TCD For distillery: Capacity enhancement from 30 to 55 KLPD.

Distillery Unit

Sugar Unit

Figure 2.1: Satellite image showing location of proposed Sugar and distillery unit

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-6

Chapter II

Figure 2.2(A): Layout of proposed Sugar unit

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-7

Chapter II

Figure 2.2(B): Layout of proposed distillery unit

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-8

Chapter II

2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE The prime infrastructure required for the project is land. SMSKL is having adequate land/space within the existing sugar mill for the expansion of proposed project. 2.7.1 Sugarcane Sugarcane is an agro based product and the main raw material for the proposed project. The viability of the proposed expansion of sugar and distillery unit depends on the availability of sugarcane. Keeping this in view, the mill management has actively engaged in cane development activities for enhanced sugarcane yield. The expected performance of sugar mill for the next five years is given in Table2.4

Table 2.3: Expected performance of sugar mill for next four years

Sr. Particulars Seasons

No. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 1. Overall cane availability (MT) 11,20,000 11,75,000 12,00,000 12,25,500 2. Cane crushing by the Mill (MT) 9,60,000 9,90,000 10,20,000 10,80,000

3. Expected Sugar Recovery (%) 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25

4. Molasses (T @04% on cane) 38,400 39,600 40,800 43,200

5. Press mud (MT) 38,400 39,600 40,800 43,200

2.7.2 Molasses Molasses is a byproduct of sugar mill therefore; it will be easily available for the proposed expansion of distillery unit as a raw material. It will be available from in-house only. The requirement of molasses will be 205TPD or around 55,350 TPA and expected maximum molasses production is around 43,200 TPA (considering average season of 180 days). Therefore, deficit molasses of approx. 12,150 MT will be procured from nearby sugar mills. In case of bumper season, the molasses generation will be 52,800 Tons. The product wise raw material consumption is given in Table 2.2.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-9

Chapter II

Table 2.4: Availability of raw materials, finished good product and mode of transport

Transport Estimated Source Final product Estimated mode quantity market quantity By Road- 205 TPD Own mill, Rectified spirit + 55 KLPD By road through Maharashtra, Impure spirit (5%) Tanker India OR ENA + 55 KLPD Impure spirit (6 %) OR Fuel Alcohol + 55 KLPD Impure spirit (5%) Press mud 23,760 TPA Own mill Compost By Road- Truck/Tempo Nutrients N, P 185 Kg/day Pune, - - By Road- Ahmednagar, Truck/Tempo - 275 Kg/day Mumbai

Utilities Fuel: 45.45 TPH Own Sugar - - Bagasse by conveyor Bagasse 18,190 and distillery Biogas 3 unit Biogas m /day through closed pipeline Water(daily) 103m3/d Bhima River - - Through closed Sugar unit 417 m3/d pipeline Distillery Steam Maximum Sugar mill - - - 100 TPH already has two boilers of 70 TPH and 32 TPH

Power ~6.5MW Captive – - - - (for Sugar & from10 +3 distillery for MW TG set season) and during season 1.5 MW and external (during off- during off- season for season distillery)

2.7.3 Press mud Considering expansion of sugar mill, estimated press mud generation will be around 43,200 tons per annum (Considering 180 days of crushing @04% on cane). It will be mixed with the concentrated spentwash in the ratio of 1:1to produce biocompost.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-10

Chapter II

2.7.4 Land The total land available with the mill is 77 acres so no need of acquisition of additional land and the proposed project will be set up in existing mill premises only. Details of land breakup given in the following table. Table2.5: Land breakup Description Existing Area Provision for TOTAL (in m2) Proposed Project (In m2) A) Sugar Unit Cane yard 8,300 2,000 10,300 Mill and boiling Section 3,037 1,556 4,593 Office (Engg and Prod) 316 - 316 Boiler section (Boiler, Ash pit, 2,086 - 2,086 Chimney) Bagasse yard and handling 3,348 - 3,348 equipment Power house and Switch Yard 930 - 930 Water reservoir, Hot & Cold water 415 100 515 tank, RO & CT Sugar godowns (three) 4,375 2,000 6,375 ETP, Spray pond and Molasses tanks 2,894 4,600 7,494 Main factory Building, Store Security 609 200 809 & Time office Toilet Blocks 35 20 55 Parking 124 100 224 Roads 2,300 - 2,300 Total For Sugar Unit 26,469 10,576 37,045 (~6.62 acres) (~2.64 acres) (9.26 acres) B) Distillery unit Distillery, including product storage, 16,400 12,000 28,400 roads, CT, etc. Storage lagoons and bio digesters 23,150 6,000 29,150 Compost yard, storage of PM and 30,600 1,400 32,000 Compost R& D project 13,200 - 13,200 Total For Distillery Unit 83,350 19,400

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-11

Chapter II

Description Existing Area Provision for TOTAL (in m2) Proposed Project (In m2) (~20.84 acres) (4.85 acres) 25.75 acres C) Greenbelt 48,000 10,000 58,000 (12 acres) (2.5 acres) (14.5 acres) D) Agricultural land 28,000 - 28,000 (7 acres) (7 acres) E) Colony and other allied 30,060 30,060 activities (7.52 acres (7.52 acres) F) Undeveloped land (for 92,100 - 52,124 future development) (23.02 acres) (~13.03 acres) TOTAL LAND 308,000 308,000 77.00 acres 77.00

2.7.5 Water Presently, the mill is having permission to draw water from Bhīma River. In the proposed expansion, water requirement will get fulfilled from the same source. This requirement (given in table 2.6) is estimated to be within the existing water drawl limit of 160,000 cubic meter per annum. The mill doesn’t require any new permission to draw additional fresh water.

Table 2.6: Water Balance A) Sugar unit at operational capacity of 6,000 TCD

A) WATER INPUT (Daily requirement) m3/day RO Water For Boiler feed (@100 TPH) 2,400 Milling section (including washing@ 30% on cane crush) 1,800 Water For condenser/boiler parts cooling, Vacuum Pump & Others 900 Other Domestic Usage 43 Total Water Input 5,143 B) WATER OUTPUT Steam Condensate 2,160 Cooling water from turbine and boiler parts pump and gland 900 Domestic Consumption 09 Excess condensate water from cane @70% on cane crushing 4,200

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-12

Chapter II

Effluent 600 Spray pond over flow water 600 Total Water Output 8,469

Domestic waste will not be available for recycle/reuse Net water available for recycle 8,460 C) RECYCLE WATER STREAMS (FOR SUGAR AND COGENERATION UNIT) Steam Condensate 2,160 Water For condenser/boiler parts cooling, Vacuum Pump & Others 900 TOTAL 3,060 Excess condensate water will be used to fulfil requirement of (8460 - 3060) 5,400 Water in product , by-product and effluent Water loss in bagasse@ 50% moisture 855 Water loss in press mud @ 70% moisture on production @ 4% on cane crushed 168 Water loss in molasses @ 12% moisture on production @ 4% on cane crush 29 TOTAL 1,052 D) WATER RECYCLE STREAMS Condensate water for imbibition (including washing @30% on cane crush) 1,800 Condensate water recycle for vacuumed filter @5% on cane crush 300 Molasses movement water @6% on cane crush 360 Milk of lime preparation @3% on cane crush 180 Centrifugal section for sugar washing @5% on cane crush 300 Excess condensate recycle to boiler make up water 240 TOTAL 3,180 Excess condensate available for proposed unit m3/day (5400 – 1052- 3180) 1,168

According to the above table, 1,168 cu.m. excess condensate water from sugar mill will be available after recycling. It will be partially recycled in process of distillery unit and remaining will be utilized for irrigation. Therefore, fresh water will be required mainly for drinking purpose and in minor quantity for process, which is as follows.  For domestic purpose: 43m3/day  Overall for plant:60m3/day  TOTAL (day-to-day fresh water requirement) = 103 m3/day

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-13

Chapter II

B) Distillery unit Distillery Water Requirement (in m3/day)

Consumption Generated Recycle Daily Net Particulars Intake and Losses Effluent and Reuse Requirement

Industrial Process 550.0 55.0 160.0 335.0* 215.0

Cooling Purpose 192.0 100.0 92.0 00 192.0

Domestic 10.0 03.0 7.0 00 10.0

Total 752.0 158.0 259.0 335.0 417.0

Net fresh water requirement for distillery unit = 417 m3/day *Condensate of MEE + treated water from CPU will be recycled 2.7.6 Steam In the proposed scheme maximum 100 TPH steam will be required. During seasonal operation, the industry will fulfill its steam requirement from its own two (70 TPH + 32 TPH)102 TPH capacity boilers. During off-season, 32 TPH boiler will be used for distillery unit. Existing Steam balance  Sugar: 43 TPH = 1032 TPD  Distillery: 4 TPH = 96 TPD  Total:47 TPH =1128 TPD Proposed steam balance  Sugar: 92 TPH =2208 TPD  Distillery: 8 TPH =192 TPD  Total: 100 TPH = 2400 TPD

2.7.7 Power The power required for the proposed sugar and distillery unit will be 6.5 MW which will be met through captive generation. SMSKL is having cogeneration unit of 10 MW and they have planned to re-operate an idle STG of 3MW (total operating capacity will be 13 MW). Thus, the required power will be sourced from this captive power station during cane crushing season. The surplus power of 6.5 MW will be exported to state electricity board grid. During off-season, power requirement will be 1.5 MW which will be purchased from state electricity board.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-14

Chapter II

Table 2.7: Power requirement Sr. No. Particulars Requirement Source During Season 1. Power (Sugar + Distillery) 6.5 MW In-house (Captive) During Off-Season 2. Power (Distillery + Sugar unit – miscellaneous 1.5 MW In-house purpose) (Captive)/State Electricity Board

2.7.8 Fuel Bagasse and biogas will be used as fuel for the project, both of which are generated onsite. The details of and biogas generation with consumption are given in following table. Table 2.8: Bagasse generation and net consumption estimates for the proposed project During crushing season (180 days) Description TPD T/ season Cane crushing rate @ 6000 TCD 6,000 10,80,000 Average bagasse production @ 28.5% on cane 1,710 3,07,800 Bagasse requirement for existing sugar, cogeneration and 1,091 1,96,380 distillery [email protected] (f:s = 1:2.2) Bagasse saved (generation – consumption) 619 1,11,420 Bagasse saved during season due to use of biogas 37.3 4,476 (for 120 days) Biogas generation 18,190m3 per day 1000m3 of biogas = 2.05tons of bagasse bagasse saving for 120 days (60 days stabilization period) Total bagasse saved during season for use in off season 1,15,896 During off season (off season 90 days) Description TPD Total Actual Bagasse requirement 87.27 7,854.3 Biogas generation (m3) 18,190 1,637100 Bagasse saved due to use of biogas as fuel 37.3 3,357 (1000m3 of biogas = 2.05mt of bagasse) Bagasse saved due to use of biogas as fuel 50 4,500 In off-season, 32 TPH boiler and 3mw turbine of sugar unit will be used for generation of steam and power for distillery operation.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-15

Chapter II

2.7.8.1 Fuel Composition

Composition of biogas (from spent wash) Composition of dry bagasse Parameter Value (%) Parameter Value (%) Methane 55-60 Cellulose 45-55 Carbon dioxide 35-40 Hemi cellulose 20-25

H2S 1-1.5 Lignin 18-24 Other Gases 0-0.5 Ash 1.5-2 Waxes <1

2.8 PROCESS DESCRIPTION A) SUGAR UNIT The major units of operations of sugar mill are given below- Extraction of Juice The sugarcane is passed through preparatory devices like knives for cutting the stalks into fine chips before being subjected to crushing in a milling tandem comprising 5 Nos mill tandem of 3 and 2 TRPF each. In the best milling practice, more than 95% of the sugar of cane gets extracted into the juice.

Clarification The treated juice on boiling fed to continuous clarifier from which the clear juice is decanted while the settled impurities known as mud is sent to rotary drum vacuum filter for removal of unwanted stuff called filter cake. It is discarded or returned to the field as fertilizer.

Evaporation Clear Juice is evaporated from 15o Bx. to 60o Bx. in evaporator

Pan boiling The syrup is again treated with Sulphur dioxide before being sent to the pan station for crystallization of sugar. Crystallization takes place in single-effect vacuum pans, where the syrup is evaporated until saturated with sugar. At this point “seed grain” is added to serve as a nucleus for the sugar crystals, and more syrup is added as water evaporates.

Centrifugation The massecuite from crystallizer is drawn into revolving machines called centrifuges. The perforated lining retains the sugar crystals, which may be washed with water, if desired. The mother liquor “molasses” passes through the lining because of the centrifugal force exerted and after the sugar is “purged” it is cut down leaving the centrifuge ready for another charge of massecuite.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-16

Chapter II

Gradation & Packing The final product in the form of sugar crystal is dropped through pan section and this sugar is graded and picked in 50 kg bags. The grade of the sugar depends on the size of the crystal viz. Small (S), Medium (M) and Large (L).

Steam

Cane Supply Boiler

Milling Bagasse

Juice

Sulphitation Lime & Sulphur House

Clarification Rotary vacuum filter

Evaporation Press mud

Pan boiling

Crystallizer

Centrifugals

Sugar

Packing

Figure 2.3: Flowchart of Sugar Manufacturing Process

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-17

Chapter II

B) DISTILLERY UNIT

SMSKLhasdecided to adopt Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) for the proposed 55KLPD distillery unit. The characteristics of manufacturing process are given below and a schematic is shown in Fig. 2.4.

Manufacturing Process: It involves fermentation and distillation Fermentation Molasses is the chief raw material used for production of alcohol. Molasses contains around 50% sugars, of which 30 to 33% are cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugars. Yeast strains of the species Saccharomyces cerevisieae, convert sugars present in the molasses to alcohol. The continuous fermentation process involves addition of fresh nutrients medium either continuously or intermittent withdrawal of portion of nutrient for recovery of fermentation products. In continuous process, fermenter is in constant use with little shut down and requires only initial inoculation of yeast culture. Hence, continuous fermenation process will be adopted in the proposed unit. Distillation After fermentation, the next stage in the manufacturing process is to separate alcohol from fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95% through the process of distillation. This is called Rectified Spirit (RS). After separation of alcohol, the remaining part is the effluents i.e. spentwash and spent lees. Re-distillation to manufacture Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA)

ENA is prepared by re-distillation of the rectified spirit (RS) for the removal of impurities like higher alcohols, aldehydes and methyl alcohol. This is done by, remixing rectified spirit with soft water and distilling it in the ENA column. Anhydrous Alcohol (AA)

Anhydrous alcohol is an important product required by industry. As per IS specification it is nearly 100% pure or water free alcohol. It is not possible to remove remaining water from rectified spirit by straight distillation as ethyl alcohol forms a constant boiling mixture with water at this concentration and is known as azeotrope. Therefore, special process for removal of water is required for manufacture of anhydrous alcohol. The various processes used for dehydration of alcohol are as follows- i) Azeotropic Distillation ii) Molecular Sieves iii) Pervaporation / Vapour permeation system

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-18

Chapter II

Molasses Storage (MS) tank

Molasses weighed and diluted CO 2 Scrubber

Yeast sludge to Fermentation bio-compost Yeast propagate with molasses in sterilize separate vessel

Distillation

 Analyzer column

 PR Column RS/ENA/AA &Fusel  RE Column oil  Exhaust column  Reboiler

Spentwash/ Spentlees

Figure 2.4: Schematic of RS/ENA/AA manufacturing process

Storage of Raw materials/Product

The SMSKL has 03 godowns for storage of sugar each of 1.0 lakh quintal capacity. Construction of2 additional godowns of 1.0 lakh capacity each is proposed. Two existing molasses storage tank have capacities 3,000 MT and 4,000 MT respectively and additional tank of 8,500MT is proposed. There are separate storage tanks for RS, ENA and ethanol. Details are given below-

Sr. No. Products Name Number of tank Total capacity in liters 1. Absolute Alcohol (Ethanol) 01 7,00,363 2. Impure Spirit 01 2,11,488 3. Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) 02 14,00,512 4. Rectified Spirit (RS) 02 14,00,462 5. Fusel Oil 01 20,133 6 Proposed ethanol storage tank 01 20,00,000

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-19

Chapter II

2.9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

In distillery unit, fire protection system shall be provided in accordance to OISD-117 and LPA regulations. The firefighting system will consist of a hydrant network, piping etc. Fire protection system will also include one electric driven pump, one diesel engine driven pump, one jockey pump, piping, basin etc. Water hydrants will be provided at all strategic points. A suitable Fire ring system as per the guidelines of TAC will be incorporated. Non-flame proof and flame proof area will be separated by minimum distance of 15 meters. Portable fire extinguishers will also be provided in strategic locations viz., power house, control rooms, switch yard. SMSKL has firefighting facility in the existing plant.

Figure 2.5: Existing Fire Fighting System

2.10 BAGASSEHANDLING SYSTEM The bagasse generated is used as fuel in boiler. Hence, the bagasse will be supplied to boiler from elevated carriers and belt conveyors. Provision will be made for conveying excess bagasse (not used in the boiler) to a storage area by conveyor belt. 2.11 ASH HANDLING SYSTEM Ash generation due to burning of bagasse will be around 21.82 TPD. Ash generated from proposed project will be sold to the farmers to mix into soil as potash enriching material. Alternatively, it may be sold to nearby brick manufacturers. 2.12 MANPOWER Existing: permanent 129+ Seasonal 174 & daily wages 118 = 421 For Proposed expansion: 164 including permanent +Seasonal Total = 511

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-20

Chapter II

2.13 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Table 2.9: Overview of Environment management processes

Sr. Waste product and source Treatment and disposal No 1. Effluent/Wastewater Spentwash Biomethanation followed by multi effect evaporation followed by bio-composting Condensate + Spentlees CPU Sugar effluent Sugar ETP: Existing ETP will be upgraded; CPU is Sewage: Domestic wastewater proposed to treat excess condensate of sugar unit septic tank and soak pit system 2. Gaseous emission Flue gasses from boilers Particulate emissions will be controlled by Venturi Due to burning of bagasse, wet scrubber and then vented through a chimney of biogas height 65m Bagasse as well as biogas are renewable energy sources Bagasse transfer will be through closed conveyers hence fugitive dust will get controlled Handling and transportation of various materials will be minimal. Greenbelt expansion by 2.5 acres

Bio-composting (CH4) Fully auto spraying and aerobic composting

Diesel generators It will be operational only when captive power supply failure, hence emissions anticipated to be less frequent and minor

Fermentation unit: (CO2) Fermenters will be covered, CO2 scrubbed in water

3. Solid waste Boiler ash Bagasse ash contains soil nutrients such as potash and phosphates. It will be mixed with bio-compost and sold to farmers (for use in agriculture lands) or to brick manufacturer. Fermented sludge: Yeast The sludge from fermenter will be degradable, sludge, bio digester sludge containing organic nutrient and micro elements. It Sludge from ETP and CPU will be mixed with bio-compost.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-21

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2.14 POLLUTION ASPECT 2.14.1 SUGAR UNIT In sugar unit, wastewater discharges arise from number of sources. These include -

 Effluent from water treatment plants  Effluent from milling house  Boiling house  Blow down from the fan less cooling tower  Blow down from boilers  Excess Condensate  Condenser Cooling water  Soda and Acid Wastes  Effluent from ion-exchange  Sulphur burner, lime house, Oliver filter, compressor section  Sewage Effluent from water treatment plant: Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will be used as regenerate in the proposed demineralizing water plant. The acid and alkali effluents generated during the regeneration process of the ion-exchangers would be drained into an epoxy lined underground neutralizing pit. Generally these effluents are self-neutralizing. However provisions will be made such that the effluents will be neutralized by addition of either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH of about 7.0. The effluent will then be pumped into the effluent treatment ponds which form part of the sugar plant's effluent disposal system.

Chlorine in cooling water: In the auxiliary cooling water, residual chlorine of about 0.2 ppm. This chlorine dosing is done mainly to prevent biological growth in the fan less cooling tower system. This value would not result in any chemical pollution of water and also meets the national standards for the liquid effluent.

Effluent from mill house: It consists of water used for cleaning the floor of mill house, which is likely to get contaminated by spilled and splashed sugar juice. (This cleaning-up operation will, incidentally prevent growth of bacteria on the juice covered floor). Water used for cooling of mill bearings also forms part of the waste water from this source. Basically, this water contains organic matter like sucrose, bagacillo, oil and grease from the bearings fitted into the mills. BOD of this effluent is around 900 to 1,000 mg/L, oil and grease around 150 to 200 mg/L, and COD around 2,500 mg/L. An estimated volume of effluent from mill house is 300 - 350 m3/day Wastewater from boiling house: The wastewater from boiling house results from leakages through pumps, pipelines and the washings of various sections such as evaporators, juice EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-22

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heaters, clarification, pans, crystallization and centrifugation etc. The cooling water from various pumps also forms part of the wastewater. The BOD of this stream is about 800 to 1,000 mg/L and COD is about 2000 to 2500 mg/L. The estimated volume of effluent from this house is 140 -150m3/day Boiler blow down: The salient characteristics of blow down water from the point of view of pollution are, the pH, temperature of water and dissolved solids. The pH would be in the range of 9.8 to 10.3 and the temperature of blow down water will be about 100oC. The water used in boiler contains suspended solids, dissolved solids like Ca-salts, Mg-salts, Na-salts, Fe-salts etc. These salts get concentrated after generation steam from the original water volume. These solids have to be expelled from time to time to save the boiler being covered up by scales. General characteristics observed for this wastewater are - BOD - 60 to 70 mg/L SS - 800 to 1500 mg/L TDS - 1,500 to 3,500 mg/L Temperature - 90 to 100oC The quantity of blow down water will be about 2 TPH i.e. 48 TPD which is very small. It will be treated before its reuse. Excess Condensate -The excess condensate does not normally contain any pollutant and is used as boiler feed water and for washing operations. Sometimes, it gets contaminated with juice due to entrainment of carryover of solids with the vapours being condensed in which case it goes into the waste water drain. The treatment required in this case is almost negligible and it can be used in place of fresh water or it can be let out directly as irrigation water after cooling it to ambient temperature. The estimated excess condensate available is approx. 1150 m3/day, after recycle or reuse in the process. As per the CPCB norms, it should be treated through Condensing Policing Unit. Hence, for treating surplus condensate coming from the sugar plant new CPU unit is proposed. This will have equalizing tank, anoxic tank, aeration tank, clarifier and media filter. Schematic of which is given in figure 2.8.CPU will deliver industrial utilizable water such as sugar factory cleaning washing, cooling water make up and distillery process etc. Therefore, the mill has a plan to use excess condensate to a maximum extent. It will solve its disposal problem and most importantly it will conserve the fresh water.

Spray pond over flow -The auxiliaries of the turbo generators like oil cooler and generator air cooler use cooling water. In addition, the steam gets condensed in the condenser, which requires large quantity of water. Spray type cooling, cools the water and the cooling water consequently gets concentrated with the chemical in the water, this concentration is generally limited by the raw water quality and by the blow-down of water concentration. This value

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-23

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would not result in any pollution of water and also meets the national standards for the liquid effluent. Expected quantity of spray pond over flow will be the 600 m3/day and its important characteristics are given below. This water will be used for irrigation directly.

# Parameter Value 1. Quantity 600 m3/day

2. Total Dissolved Solids <2,000 ppm 3. pH 8-9

Floor washing The quantity of floor washing assumed to be about 10 m3/day. It will be treated in ETP and treated water will be sent for irrigation purpose. The flowchart for generation of effluent from sugar unit is shown below (Fig2.6).

Sugarcane

Bagasse Mill House

Boiler/Furnac e Boiling House Steam

Boiler Blowdown

Effluent Sluice water from the bottom ash handling Cooling & system, boiler, chemical Neutralization cleaning water

Reused mainly for ETP – Sugar Mill cooling purpose

Treated water will be used for industrial cooling and/or gardening/irrigation

purpose Figure 2.6: Flowchart of effluent generation and management from Sugar unit

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-24

Chapter II

3 4 7 8

5 13 9 10 2

1 12 11

Effluent from sugar mill

Figure 2.7: Schematics of Effluent Treatment Plant

Sr. No. Name of tank Dimension ( L x W x H) in meter 1. Switch yard E.T.P. 10 x 5.8 x 2 2. Oil & Grease chamber 13.0 x 2.0 x 1.2 3. Equalization Tank 8.0 x 15.0 x 1.5 4. Balancing Tank 11.0 x 15.0 x 1.4 5. Neutralization tank 2.0 x 2.0 x 1.4 6. Primary Clarifier 6.0 x 6.0 x 2.5 7. Aeration Tank 11.0 x 8.0 x 3.5 8. Secondary Clarifier 8.0 x 2.5 9. Holding Tank 7.0 x 4.0 x 1.2 10. Multi Media Filter ------11. Storage Tank 15.0 x 12.0 x 2.5 12. Sludge Drying Beds 4.0 x 3.0 x 1.2 13. Air Blower Capacity 800 cum/Hrs. 14. Oil Skimmer 15. Sludge recirculation 16. Waste/ excess sludge to sludge beds

2.14.1.1 ETP Effluent generated from sugar unit will be sent to ETP for treatment. The treated water will be utilized for gardening/irrigation purpose. Hot water from various sources will be cooled in cooling pond and recycled to respective activities after attaining ambient temperature.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-25

Chapter II

Primary Treatment

i. Oil & Grease chamber ii. Primary clarifier: To remove solids from effluent iii. Equalization Tank: Hot process condensate and other wastewater stream from the evaporation section are collected in a equalization tank where the stream are mixed well. iv. Neutralization Tank: The effluent is neutralized by using caustic solution. Depending on caustic solution is dosed using a dosing system consisting of dosing tank and dosing pumps. Dosing is controlled using pH sensor attached on downstream of the static mixer.

2.14.1.2 Secondary Treatment

i. Activated Sludge Process (ASP): This is the main section where degradation of organic pollutants with the help of aerobic micro-organism takes place. In aeration tank, activated biomass is developed in such a way that certain MLSS is maintained for continuous condensate flow which comes to aeration basin. Effluent is degraded in given retention time and activated sludge is further passed to clarifier and recycled as per requirement. The remaining sludge is passed to sludge drying bed. Air supply is provided by means of aeration equipment which has high oxygen transfer efficiency. ii. Secondary Clarifier: In secondary clarifier, effluent passed from aeration tank along with biomass (MLSS) gets settled here. The settled biomass recycled back to aeration tank as per requirement and excess biomass transfer to sludge drying bed. iii. Sludge disposal system: Settled sludge from tube settler will be removed by pumping to the sludge drying bed.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-26

Chapter II

Figure 2.8: Layout for proposed condensate polishing unit (CPU) for sugar unit

2.14.2 DISTILLERY UNIT

Effluent Treatment The raw spent wash generated in the distillery will be sent to biomethanation unit. After treatment, this biomethanated spent wash will be concentrated through standalone multi-effect evaporation system. The concentrated spent wash will be in the range of 1.6 – 1.7 liters per liter of total alcohol produced. The dissolved solid content in concentrated spentwash will be 30%. The concentrated spent wash will be treated through bio-composting. The spentwash evaporation condensate, spent lees and other waste will be treated in Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) and treated water will be reused for distillery cooling tower make up or for fermentation process and for greenbelt. In this way, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) will be achieved as per CREP norms prescribed by CPCB. The flowchart for spent wash treatment and disposal is shown in Fig.2.9.

2.14.2.1 Primary Treatment for Spentwash The general characteristics of raw spentwash are given in Table 2.10. The raw spentwash coming from the multi-pressure distillation system at the rate of 8 liters per liter of alcohol produced (i.e. approx440 m3/day at about 12% total solids) will be taken to the bio digester for primary treatment. During the biomethanation process, the COD will be reduced by about 65% and biogas will be produced at the rate of about 0.53 Nm3/Kg of COD consumed. Total volume of biomethanated spentwash generated will be 440m3/day containing approximately, 5 to 6% solids.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-27

Chapter II

In recent years, due to escalation of energy costs and environmental concerns have increased the interest in direct anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash. The anaerobic method of waste treatment offers a number of significant advantages with little serious or inseparable drawbacks over other treatment methods. Anaerobic degradation is performed by two groups of bacteria.

1. Acid producing bacteria: Acid forming bacteria (butyric & propionic acid) Acetogenic bacteria (acetic acid & hydrogen) 2. Methane producing bacteria: Acetoacetic methane bacteria (acetophilic) Methane bacteria (hydrogenophilic) Steps of Reaction

The anaerobic metabolism of a complex substrate, including suspended organic matter, can be regarded as a three-step process:

1. Hydrolysis of suspended organic and soluble organic of high molecular weight 2. Degradation of organic molecules to various volatile fatty acids, ultimately acetic acid 3. Production of methane, primarily from acetic acid, also from hydrogen and carbon dioxide Amongst these three steps, the second one is fast, while the two others are slow. This accounts for many instability problems encountered in anaerobic processes. Hydrolysis of organic matter is a rather slow process carried out by extra cellular enzymes. Factors like pH and cell residence time play an important role with respect to reaction rate. Lipids are hydrolyzed very slowly, therefore the hydrolysis step might be overall rate limiting for wastes containing considerable amount of lipids. The types of lipid apparently play a role, as the degradation of non-polar lipids in anaerobic processes seems to be considerably slower than the degradation of polar substances.

Acid production results in formation of acetic acid or in case of instability, the higher fatty acids such as propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric and iso-valeric acid. The acid production rate is high as compared to the methane production rate, which means that a sudden increase in easily degradable (soluble) organic will result in increased acid production with subsequent accumulation of the acids. This might inhibit the next step of the process the methane step. Methane production is a slow process, in general the rate-limiting step of anaerobic degradation. Methane is produced from acetic acid or from hydrogen and carbon dioxide. About one third of the methane has its origin in molecular hydrogen. The bacteria producing methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide are fast growing ones as compared with the acetic acid utilizing bacteria. Environmental factors of primary importance to anaerobic processes are-

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-28

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 Temperature  Nutrients  Toxic substances The loading rates permissible in an anaerobic waste treatment process are primarily dictated by the sludge retention in the anaerobic reactor. The solution for the biomass retention problem resulted in the development of different anaerobic processes.

Figure 2.9: Flowchart for spent wash treatment and disposal

Table 2.10: Important Characteristics of Raw Spentwash Sr. No. Parameter Value 1. Colour Dark brown 2. pH 3.5 – 4.5 3. COD (mg/l) 1,00,000 – 1,40,000 4. BOD (mg/l) 40,000 – 60,000 5. Total Solids (mg/l) 1,10,000 – 1,25,000 6. Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) Below 5,000 7. Chlorides (mg/l) 7,000 – 10,000

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-29

Chapter II

2.14.2.2 Secondary Treatment for Spentwash - Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) system

Biomethanated spentwash of 440 m3/day containing about 5% total solids will be evaporated in a standalone falling film multiple effect (five stage) evaporator (MEE) to 25% total solids (approx. 88 m3/day). The evaporation condensate (approx. 352 m3/day) after treatment in CPU will be reused for distillery cooling tower make up or for fermentation process (molasses dilution as make-up water).

Figure 2.10: Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) System 2.14.2.3 Tertiary Effluent Treatment for Spentwash Concentrated biomethanated spentwash (88m3/day) and press mud will be used for making biocompost as a tertiary treatment to achieve “Zero Spentwash Discharge” as per CPCB norms. Bio composting is a biological process in which organic matter is degraded under controlled conditions. It involves microbial mineralization. The mixing of spentwash and press-mud in 1:1 proportion (50-70 % moisture) will be carried out in trenches with the help of homogenizing/aerotiller (Self propelling) machine for spraying, mixing, turning, loading and unloading of compost material. Addition of decomposing culture/cow dung will provide microbes required for bio-composting. It is observed that in the first five days, fungal activity is predominant and in subsequent days bacterial activity continues until stabilization of organic matter into humus is accomplished. Existing five acres of land is allotted to composting and axillary activities. The process will use a composting machine having automatic spentwash spraying system.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-30

Chapter II

Figure 2.11: Aerotiller/ mixing machine for mixing up the windrow A. Bio composting Process Operational details A bio-composting cycle can be divided into two stages i.e. 50 days of windrow composting (Aerobic process) and 5-10 days for curing in heaps (anaerobic process). The degradation should get completed in 60 days. Bio composting process can be divided into the following stages.

 Active Stage: After formation of windrows and spraying of inoculums active stage starts. During this stage rise in temperature takes place. This phase lasts for first 10-15 days.  Maturation Stage: Includes the greater part of maturation and extends to and beyond the period of temperature decline, which consists of the next 14 days when the temperature is maintained and the next 10 days when the temperature starts to decline.  Ripening or Curing Stage: Allow the compost to age for 4 weeks, until the moisture stabilizes at 30% to 35%.

a. Formation of windrows: Press-mud will be formed in windrow size of 3.5 x 1.5m. The windrows will be straight having correct size. Windrow Size – 3.5 m Width x 1.5 m Height Distance between two windrows – 1m (by using self-propelling machine) b. Inoculum application: Inoculum act as an odor reducing agent as well as an activator to hasten the process of raising the temperature. Normally for every MT of press mud 0.5 to 1.0 kg of inoculum is applied. It is diluted 100 times with effluent and sprayed on the windrows spreading over 3 days for effective results (in the 3rd, EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-31

Chapter II

5th and 10thday) immediately after the application of inoculum, windrow should be aerated with mixing machine to spread the inoculum uniformly to all parts of windrow. c. Aeration: Normally aerotiller/ mixing machine is used for mixing up the windrow, loosen the same and create a situation congenial for natural aeration. When the moisture content reduces below 40% an addition of effluent should restore it to 65%. If the press-mud is wet (more than 70% moisture) there is lower supply of oxygen. Moisture content should be brought down to about 40 % by giving proper aeration. Microorganisms make use of nitrogen and carbon for their metabolic activities. The energy required for this process is derived by aerobic decomposition.

Aeration should be given to raise the biocompost temperature and establish an aerobic condition. The temperature should be 60-650C in the windrow. Continue spraying and aeration till the completion of bio composting cycle.

d. Effluent Spraying: Spraying is done either before aeration or during the mixing/ aeration process. The quantity of effluent to be applied should be strictly controlled so that the windrows always have proper moisture content, which is optimum for aerobic composting. e. Merge Windrows: Proper degradation of organic matter of windrow reduces its height; hence, after about 15 days of initial composting the windrow height is likely to be reduced to about 0.5 meter. Therefore, it may be required to merge 2 windrows into one and continue further processing. f. Compost Curing: After completion of spraying of spentwash, aerate the windrow for 2 to 3 days. After reducing the moisture to about 30 % to 35 % heap the compost in the corner to a height of about 2 meter to have anaerobic process for about 15 days and also to make the space free for fresh windrow formation. A distinctive black loamy, free flowing and ready to pack compost, which has a pleasant earthy smell and moisture content of 30-35%, should be produced. B. Salient features of the process  Zero Pollution  No odour or fly nuisance. The finished product is entirely free from any repulsive odour  Destruction of BOD of the effluent  High product value – quick payback  Dry product - easy to bag, handle and transport  Negligible power/energy requirement

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-32

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 Zero effluent discharge to inland or any of the watercourses  Biocompost is rich in micronutrients (with organic and inorganic)  Biocompost can be sold to farmers to recover the expenditure. C. Compost Monitoring Parameters The desired characteristics of compost are given in Table 2.11. The following parameters should be monitored for compost. a. pH: Biocompost microorganisms operate best under pH is in the range of 5.0 to 8.5. During the initial stages of decomposition- organic acids are formed. The acidic conditions are favorable for growth of fungi and breakdown of lignin and cellulose. As composting proceeds, the organic acids gets neutralized, mature compost generally has a pH in the range of 6 to 8. b. Temperature: As organisms decompose waste, they generate heat. Decomposition is most rapid when the temperature is between 60 –700C. Bio-compost pile temperature depends on how the heat produced by microorganisms is offset by the heat lost through evaporating the effluent. After an initial high temperature period, compost pile temperatures will gradually drop. Turning the compost rejuvenates the oxygen supply and exposes new surface to decomposition, causing temperature to rise. When the temperature drops down below 400C, the composting process is nearly complete. c. Moisture: Active microorganisms need a moist environment. Microorganisms can use organic molecules only if they are dissolved in water. Ideally, composting materials should have between 50 and 70 percent water. When conditions are too wet, water will fill the pore space needed for air movement and anaerobic conditions can result. If conditions are too dry, the decomposition rate will slow down. d. Carbon to nitrogen (C: N) ratio: Microorganisms require a balance of carbon and nitrogen for healthy cell growth. Initially, the press mud C:N ratio is 30:1. After composting, C:N ratio break down to 14:1.

Table 2.11: Desired Characteristics of Bio-compost Parameters Value Organic carbon 20 -25 % Nitrogen 1.5 – 2.5 % Phosphorous 1.0 – 1.7% Potassium 1.5 – 2.85 % Organic matter 38 – 42 % pH 6-8

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-33

Chapter II

Performance

1. Average Press mud to spentwash ratio: 1:1

2. Biocompost cycle duration: 60 days/ five cycles

3. Culture required for bio-composting: 1 Kg/MT (culture in solid form) or 250 ml /MT (Culture in liquid form) of press mud

D. Material balance for bio composting The bio-composting requirements are given in Table 2.12 and mass balance for biocompost is given in Table 2.13. Total concentrated spentwash generation = -23,760 m3per annum

Press mud required to achieve SW: Press Mud Cake (PMC) mixing ratio at 1:1 = -23,760MT

PMC production: 43,200 MT per annum

Table 2.12: Composting Requirements

Sugar Mill 1. Crushing rate (Capacity – -250TCH) Average rate 6000 TCD 2. Projected Crushing rate @ 180 days /annum 10,80,000 3. Annual Press mud production @4% 43,200 4. Moisture content of Press mud 70 % Distillery 5. Capacity (liter/day) 55 KLPD 6. Days of operation 270 7. Spent wash production/annum 8. Spent wash production after evaporation (@ 88 m3/day) 23,760 /annum 9. Ratio Press mud: Spentwash, (60 days cycle) (w/v) 1:1 10. Press mud requirement (in MT per annum) 11. Culture Required prescribed proportion 1Kg/MT of press mud Quantity required/year (270days) 23,760 Kg 12. Yard requirement (Maximum) 4.6 acres 13. Land provision for compost yard (including green belt) 7.65 acres

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-34

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Table 2.13: Mass balance: Compost

Sr. No. Description Solids Content % Quantity MT Total Solids MT 1. Annual Raw Material a) Press mud* 30 23760 7128 b) Spentwash 25 23760 5940 Total 47520 13060

2. Annual Compost considering 20% loss during process as a CO2 10446.5 MT along with 30-35% moisture

D. Operations & maintenance guidelines for bio-composting a. Rainy season

It is not possible to run the aerobic bio-composting process for three months during rainy season. The reasons for stoppage of process during rains are:

 It is not possible to run the bio-composting machine during rainy season  Freshly sprayed spentwash that is yet to be decomposed may give some colored leachate after rain and will contaminate the soil  Due to rain, the bio-composting material in windrows may have moisture content of more than 70%, which can result in anaerobiosis  Heavy rains can wash off the press mud b. Precautions to be taken before on set of rainy season  The bio composting area will be vacated before start of rain  As far as possible all, the compost on the site will be sold out before start of rain. The compost, which remains unsold, will be bagged and kept in stores / godown.  After harvesting the last batch of compost a 2 cm surface layer of press mud over the brick on edge layer will be scrapped and this scrapped material shall be kept covered for blending with compost.  The windrow of fresh press-mud will be formed after cleaning the scrapped area after rainy season. c. Un-seasonal rains Precaution to be taken if there is an un-seasonal rain during bio-composting cycle.  In order to avoid the leaching of spentwash, the windrows on the area will be covered with polyethylene sheets/pullover cover  Stop spraying spent-wash, temporarily when it is raining. Spraying will be resumed when the sky is clear once again.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-35

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 The provision of the trenches towards slopping side will be made to collect the run off from windrow area. This run off will be collected in leachate collection pit. If necessary, it will be pumped back to 30 days storage lagoon.  The run off outside compost yard should be suitably diverted so that it does not enter the compost yard Holding Tank for Spentwash Since the project is an expansion of existing 30 KLPD distillery unit, the mill has already constructed three spentwash holding tanks i.e. for raw spentwash 1500 M3 capacity, for anaerobically digested spentwash1500 M3 and after MEE 3000 M3 capacity, as per CREP guidelines. Spentwash will be transported through closed conduct, HDPE/RCC pipes and stored in impervious tank/lagoons. An impervious storage tank of maximum 30 days and minimum 05 days holding capacities are constructed to store spentwash. Spentwash storage tanks are duly lined with 200 mm thick black cotton soil (40%) + murum (60%), 250 micron HDPE sheet, pitched by stone/bricks with SRC mortar and SRC plaster 50 mm thick to prevent leachate.

Figure 2.12: Sectional view of Spent wash storage lagoon

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-36

Chapter II

Figure 2.13: Existing Compost yard with leachate gutter

Figure 2.14: Sectional view of compost yard

Figure 2.15: Sectional view of Leachate Gutter

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-37

Chapter II

Fig.2.16: Existing HDPE pipelines for Fig. 2.17: Existing Spentwash storage lagoon carrying Spentwash Process condensate treatment plant (Condensate polishing unit - CPU) Condensate from MEE, spent lees and other low strength waste streams such as cleaning in place will be sent to this unit where it will be treated in three stages namely – primary, secondary and tertiary. The details are given below- i) Spent lees : ~110 m3/d ii) Evaporation plant process condensate : 352m3/d iii) Other low strength effluent : 40-50 m3/d Total : ~512 m3/d Condensate from MEE plant cooled in cooling tank and introduced to enzymatic treatment. This treated condensate is recycle back as a cooling tower make up water 2.14.3 Sewage Estimated domestic effluent will be 43 m3/d, which will be treated separately in septic tank and soak pit. 2.14.4 Air Emissions and control measures

The sources of air pollution are emissions due to combustion of fuel i.e. bagasse, biogas the boiler furnace, fugitive dust due to handling of bagasse, processes such as fermentation, bio- composting etc. Emissions from diesel generator and vehicles are anticipated as a minor source.

Bagasse contains traces of Sulphur and Nitrogen, hence generation of SO2 and NOX anticipated being limited. Venturi wet scrubber is already installed as air pollution control equipment (PCE), to arrest fly ash emissions. It is attached to existing boilers of 70 TPH and 32 TPH. It is connected to a stack of 65m height with 2.9 m inner diameter. The same will be used even after expansion, after modifying it suitably as per requirement. An independent 8 TPH biogas fired boiler will be installed for distillery to meet off season steam requirement. Emission rate of PM and SO2 from flue gases is provided in chapter IV, table 4.2 at dispersion modeling study.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-38

Chapter II

Enhancement of greenbelt by 2.5 acres is an additional measures for control of air emissions. Area provided for the parking of vehicles is adequate. There is separate parking area for vehicles carrying goods, products and private vehicles.

In general, if bio composting is not done under aerobic conditions CO2 and CH4are likely to get generated. But with proper handling and supervision these emissions are minimized, as the bio composting process is carried out in fully aerobic condition. Hence, there is negligible emission from bio composting process.

Figure 2.18: Existing Venturi Wet Scrubber With Chimney 2.14.5 Noise Control Steam turbine generator will be a major noise source from the existing project. Apart from that, noise is anticipated from boiler, cane crusher, mill house, pumps, motor drives, utilities, transportation etc. The plant and equipment will be specified and designed with a view to minimize noise pollution. The major noise producing equipment will be provided with soundproof devices and silencers. DG set will be provided with acoustic enclosures. Ear Plugs and ear muffs will be provided to the workers in utility section. Greenbelt will be developed.

Figure 2.19: DG set with acoustic enclosure

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-39

Chapter II

2.14.6 Solid waste generation and management: Sugar Unit The proposed industrial activity could generate solid waste in the form of ETP sludge and boiler ash. The quantity and disposal technique is given briefly in the following Table2.4 Table 2.14: Solid waste generation and disposal (Considering 180 days season)

# Waste Quantity Treatment Disposal Remark (tons per season) 1. Sugar ETP Sludge 35 Disposal into Sold to the member Organic land/soil farmers/or used on own plot 2. Ash 3,927 Mixed with bio- Used as manure/soil Inorganic compost enriching material Disposal into land/soil 3 PMC 43,200 Composting Soil conditioner Organic

4. Oil & Grease 4-5 KL Remove by oil Use for boiler - skimmer

Distillery Unit The proposed industrial activity will generate solid waste in the form of fermentation sludge which is biodegradable and boiler ash. The quantity and disposal technique is given briefly in the following Table 2.15.

Table 2.15: Solid waste generation and disposal

# Waste Quantity Treatment Disposal Remark (MT/Annum) 1. Yeast Sludge 50 Composting Used as manure/soil Organic enriching material 2. Boiler Ash 157 --- Sold to the brick Inorganic (off season of manufacturing unit sugar) 3. Sludge from bio- 70-80 Mixed with bio- digesters, compost 4. Distillery CPU 20 Composting Used as manure/soil Organic Sludge enriching material 5. Spent oil from 0.1-0.2 KL - Spent oil will be - DG set burnt in boiler

2.14.7 Hazardous Waste

The only hazardous waste likely to be generated will be scrap oil from DG set, automobiles, gears etc. Since the DG set will run only in case of failure of regular power supply. Thus, the quantity of used or scrap oil will be low and has been assumed to be very minor. This will be

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-40

Chapter II

stored in leak proof drums in storage yard. This will be disposed off periodically by burning in boiler furnace along with fuel. 2.15 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT The main objective of greenbelt development in and around the proposed unit will be to –  Mitigate impacts due to fugitive emissions  Create an aesthetic environment  Create a complex bio-diverse ecology SMSKL has already developed an greenbelt which is spread over an area of approx. 12 acres. The trees are planted in the periphery, along the internal roads and in the open areas between various units of the industry. The mill has planted ornamental plants near the guest house, in front of office and open areas. The details of tree species in the existing greenbelt are given in Table 2.16.The layout of existing green belt in sugar and distillery unit is shown in Fig. 2.20 (A) and (B) respectively. In the proposed activity, land allocated for greenbelt development is approximately 2.5 acres. Greenbelt consisting of small and medium size trees and will be planted around the waste disposal areas, such as ETP, compost yard, spentwash storage lagoon, etc. Treated effluent from sugar mill/distillery will be used for gardening purpose. The list of species recommended for proposed green belt development is given in Chapter IX.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-41

Chapter II

Table 2.16: Existing greenbelt (Including trees along the road)

Plant # Plant # Plant # Plant # Mangifera Terminalia 104 Cassia fistula Thevatia indica 75 belerica 110 320 5 (Bahava) species (Bitti) (Mango) (Hirda) Bauhinia Thespesia 135 Millingtonia Tamarind racemosa (Apta) populnea 70 + (Indian Cork 145 325 (Chinch) & B. Verigata (Jungli 30 Tree) (Kanchan) Bhendi) Aegle Nerium Pterocarpus Mimusopselengi( marmelos 25 80 indicum 470 marsupium(B 40 Bakul) (Bel) (Kaner) iwla tree) Adonsonia Sapota Delonix regia digitata species 125 235 Tekoma 120 10 (Gulmohar) (Gorakh (Chikku) Chinch) Syzygium Christmas Dalbergia cumini 40 Subabhul 180 5 270 tree Sisso(Sisum) (Jamun) Phyllanthus Thespesia Terminalia Polyakthia 106 emblica 80 species (Ran 20 arjuna 40 longifolia (Ashok) 0 (Amla) Kapasi) (Arjun) Acacia Plumeria alba Bottle brush 90 350 Eucalyptus 130 nilotica 570 (Chafa) (Babhul) Acacia species Ficus Pongamiapin Terminalia 190 35 Ram khathi 135 racemosa 82 nata (Karanj) chebula Babhul (Umbar) Azadirachta Ficus religiosa Anthociphalo 665 75 Bottle Palm 185 40 indica (neem) (Pimpal) us (Kadamb) Acacia Jackranda Albizia spp. 40 leucocephala 260 Ficus panda 130 40 (Nilmohor) (Shiras) (Babhul) Bamboo 360 Terminalia catapa 35 Jackfruit 10 Guava (Peru) 80 Anogeissus Nyctanthes Lagerstromia 152 latifolia 235 Coconut arbor-tristis 25 specioca 20 0 (Dhawada) Parijatak (Taman) Borassus Tectona Annona reticulate Caesalpinnia flabellifer(To 80 50 350 grandis 210 (Ram Phal) (Shankasur) ddy Palm) (Teak) Putranjiva Moringa Phoenix Palm 350 roxburghai 70 Rubber tree 30 35 Species (Putranjiva) Samania Casuarina Ficus Alstonia scholaris saman (Rain 115 65 equisetifolia(S 260 benghalensis 75 (Saptaparni) tree) uru) (Banyan tree) 351 425 212 Total Total Total Total 2157 0 5 5 12,0 Grand Total 47

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-42

Chapter II

Figure 2.20: Existing Green belt

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-43

Chapter II

Fig. 2.20 (A): Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Sugar unit)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-44

Chapter II

Fig. 2.20 (B):Layout of Existing Greenbelt (Distillery unit)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-45

Chapter II

2.16 COST OF THE PROJECT

The total cost of proposed activity of sugar and distillery unit will be about Rs. 5,669.1lakhs out of which investments of approx. Rs.404.00 lakhs will be for Environment management. Estimated cost of the proposed activity including capital expenditure on environment management is mentioned in Table 2.17.

Table 2.17: Proposed Project Cost Details

# Particulars Amount (Rs. in Lakhs) A Sugar Unit 1. Plant and machinery 2076.80 2. Machinery foundation 153.4 3. EMP (sugar) 64.90 Total 2,295.1 B Distillery Unit 4. Molasses handling, fermentation and distillation 1,115 units, 5. MEE, WWTP section, Biomethanation section 975 6. Cooling tower, Air compressors, Pumps etc. 150 7. Storage and electrical work 670 8. WTP section 125 9. Environment Management Cost 339 Total 3,374 Total (A+B) 5,669.1

Table 2.18: Project Implementation Schedule

# Project Activity Proposed time 1. Application to MoEFCC New Delhi for TOR 8th Aug. 2017 2. Meeting with MoEFCC for award of TOR for undertaking detailed NA (ToR granted EIA studies on 29th Sep. 2017) 3. Draft EIA report submission for public hearing May 2018 4. Conducting public hearing Aug 2018 5. Preparation of final EIA report Sep 2018 6. EC presentation at MoEFCC Nov. 2018 7. Environmental clearance for project Dec. 2018 8. Start date for commission of the project Jan. 2019 9. Completion of the project May- June 2019

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 2-46

Chapter III

CHAPTER III

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY

3.1 INTRODUCTION The baseline environmental and socio-economic study of the project and project area was done to -  Understand existing environmental characteristics of the area and the project need  Assess the existing environmental quality and on the basis of that identify the environmental impacts of the proposed project/future developments.  Identify environmental or geographical factors that could preclude any future development 3.2 METHODOLOGY OF BASELINE STUDY The baseline study and primary data collection was primarily carried outin the 10 km radius of the project during summer i.e. October 2017 to January 2018. The data used categorized as  Primary data i.e. the data collected by conducting field monitoring, sampling and survey. Parameters such as air, meteorology, noise, water, soil, land use, geology, socio- economic & biological environment, mainly studied with the help of primary data.  The data related land use, meteorology, geology, hydrogeology and socio-economic environment, etc. collected from authentic sources, such as Govt. Publications, official websites of various government departments, etc. The baseline study began with site visits and reconnaissance survey in the study area, during which the locationsfor monitoring and collection of primary data we decided. 3.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA 3.3.1 Description of Site and Surrounding Features The project site is located near the existing sugar factory premises at village Patethan, Taluka Daund of Pune district. The proposed site lies between following geographical coordinates: - 1) 18°36'18.74"N, 74°13'34.87"E. 2) 18°36'29.87"N, 74°13'40.25"E. 3) 18°36'26.31"N, 74°13'52.02"E. 4) 18°36'14.44"N, 74°13'52.69"E.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-1

Chapter III

The proposed site is at elevation of 551m above the mean sea level. River Bhima is approx. 2.20 km away from the project site. Table 3.1: Important Features around the Project Site

# Important Geographical Features Direction Distance (km) 1. Nearest Water Bodies River Bhima SE 2.20 River Mula-Mutha NW 6.0 2. Nearest National Park/ Sanctuary Chandoli National Park SW 170 Mayureshwar wildlife sanctuary SE 32 3. Religiously Important places Bhuleshwar S 20 4. Historic Monuments Malthan-DadojiKondhdev Palace N 26 5. Nearest Settlements Patethan NW 2.54 *Note: All distance are approximate aerial distances from the project site

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-2

Chapter III

Figure 3.1: Satellite image showing site and surrounding area

3.3.1.1 Access to the site

The site is well connected by road, railway as well as air network. It is approx.18 km away from thestate highway no. 27 (Pune-Ahmednagar) and ~16 km away from the national highway no. 9. Yavatrailway station (on Pune-Solapur route) is approx. 16 km from the project site. The internationalAirport of Pune (approx. 45 km) is the nearest airport to the site.

Table 3.2: Summary of Environmental features of study area

# Facet In brief 1. General characteristics Mostly hot and dry 2. Rainfall An average annual rainfall of 400-600 mm Most of the rains received from June to September months, July being the month with highest rainfall 3. Temperature Average maximum temperature in summer is around 31.5°C and average minimum temperature in winter is around 17.7°C. 4. Humidity Minimum 17% and maximum 74%

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-3

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5. Wind The predominance wind is blowing from W and NW in summer months, SW and W in monsoon whereas in winter months from N 6. Land use Crop land 83.62 %, scrub land 6.76 %,barren rocky land 2.11%, Dense forest 2.0%, open forest 1.18% and others 7. Air Quality Complies NAAQ standards of Nov., 2009 at all monitored locations 8. Noise Quality Complies the standards of CPCB 9. Ground water Quality As per Central Ground Water Board report 2014, 10. Soil Quality Black cotton soil

3.3.2 Land Use Pattern Satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with geographic information systems, has been widely applied and recognized as an effective tool in analyzing land cover/use categories. This study evaluates qualitative and quantitative outcome of land cover/use distribution using remote sensing data and GIS technologies. 3.3.2.1 Methodology General Description of the Area

Geographically, the site is located between 19°34'10.74"N and 74°30'10.00"E. The 10 km radius area around project site is having latitudes 10° 67’ 64.59’’ N to 10° 87’ 97.62’’N and longitudes 76° 41’ 60.29’’E to 76° 44’ 35.42’’E. The site area falls in the SOI Toposheet No. E43I2, E43I6

Remote sensing and Collateral data used

Remote Sensing Data-Following remote sensing satellite data were used in the study.

Satellite data: LANDSAT_147_46, cloud free data has been used for land use/land cover analysis

Satellite Sensor – LANDSAT_147_46,OLI_TIRS

Spatial Resolution – 30 m

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-4

Chapter III

Ancillary data

PC based GIS and image processing Arc GIS 10.4 ver. software are used for the purpose of image classification and for delineating drainage and other features in the study area. Number of peripheral devices such as scanner, plotter, printer etc. has also been interfaced with the system.

Objectives:  Delineation of Landuse/ Landcover categories on the 1:50000 scale for the whole study area.  Generation of digital cartographic database using secondary data sources. Collateral Data

Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet No. E43I2, E43I6 on 1:50000 scale were used to collect topographic and location information. The toposheetwas used to prepare base map, identification of sample areas and drainage maps and for planning the traverse route for ground truth collection.

Remote Sensing Data Interpretation

The methodology followed for the interpretation of the resourcesat data. Data was interpreted using digital image interpretation technique by supervised classification using Arc GIS 10.4 ver. The other ancillary data such as toposheet and other available information (reports, maps etc.) were used for preparation of land use/ land cover map.

Geo-referencing of imagery with reference to SOI toposheet using Tie Point Editor of ILWIS software

 Demarcation of 10 km radius around the site area and drainage lines available on SOI toposheet  Interpretation of false colour composite (FCC) using digital image interpretation technique of land use/land cover to generate pre-field image interpreted base map.  For land use/land cover mapping, the boundaries of notified forests were digitized using SOI toposheet. Satellite data were interpreted for various land use classes like notified forest, agricultural land, wasteland, habitation and water bodies.  Field work was carried out for collection of ground truth from each image interpretation unit viz. land use.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-5

Chapter III

 Correlation of image interpretation units with the ground truth observations  Random field checks to verify and validate the land use units and their boundaries.  Finalization of land use/land cover maps after field verification.  The final output of land use/land cover was prepared using Arc GIS 10.4 ver. Software.

Results

Topobase

Topobase is prepared on the base of toposheet no. E43I2, E43I6. First toposheetwas scanned and georeferenced based on the four ground control points (GCP) and projected in UTM projection system with datum WGS84. The 10 km radius area around the site was delineated and prepare base map. Further base map boundary is used to extract information from the georeferenced toposheet.

3.3.2.2 Land use/ Land cover Classes Details Land use is the man’s activities on and in relation to the land, while land covers describes the natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil and artificial constructions covering land surface (Burley, 1961). Land use/ land cover map is an indicator of ecological and overall socio-economic status of the area. Land use is a product of interaction between a society’s cultural background skill and its physical needs on the one hand, and the natural potential of the land on the other. Thus, the land use data and its spatial distribution are very useful for analyzing and preparing the land use plan of the area

Image characteristics of different land utilization types identified on Landsat data have been given in table 3.3. Nine land use/land cover classes identified in total 10 km radius area around project site. The land use/land cover classes identified are crop land, scrub land, barren rocky land, dense forest, open forest, industrial area, lake/ponds, river/stream, and settlement. The land use/land cover map of the operational area is shown in fig.1 and the area under different land utilization type is given in table no. 3.3.

Table 3.3: Land use/Land cover statistics of the ten square km area Sr. No. Class Name Area (Ha) Area (%) 1. Crop land 26270.97 83.62 2. Scrub land 2123.26 6.76

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-6

Chapter III

3. Barren rocky land 661.65 2.11 4. Dense forest 628.32 2.00 5. Open forest 369.7 1.18 6. Industrial area 3.83 0.01 7. Lake/ ponds 37.09 0.12 8. River/stream 1031.97 3.28 9. Settlement 288.73 0.92

Figure 3.2: Land use/land cover map of the study area 3.3.3 Climatic Conditions of Daundtaluka

The information presented below gives detailed historical monthly or yearly average weather conditions along with exceptional weather occurrences.

3.3.3.1 Rainfall The annual rainfall received during the southwest monsoon season i.e. from June toSeptember, July being the month with highest rainfall. The average data for the last ten years given in the Table 3.4.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-7

Chapter III

Table 3.4: Annual rainfall for Daundtaluka

Last ten year annual rainfall in mm Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Avg. Annual 594 604 326 474 639 347 337 402 450 460 620 525 rainfall

3.3.3.2 Temperature The summer season from March to May is one with continuous increase in temperatures, whichdecreases during monsoon, increases slightly during the post monsoon season and againdecreases during the winter. The average maximum temperature is 31.5 °C and average minimum temperature is 17.7 °C. Temperature data for Pune District Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg Maximu 29.9 31.9 35.4 37.7 36.9 31.7 28.4 27.4 29.4 31.4 30.1 28.9 31.5 m temp °C Minimu 11.0 12.1 15.8 19.9 22.4 22.9 22.2 21.6 20.8 18.5 14.4 11.5 17.7 m temp °C

3.3.3.3 Relative Humidity The climate of the region is characterized by a dry summer. Humidity is usually high during themonsoon months, decreasesgradually during the post monsoon months and for rest of the year, the average relativehumidity ranges around minimum16% and maximum 74%. 3.3.3.4 Cloudiness The skies are heavily clouded to overcast during the south-west monsoon season. In the rest of the year skies are mostly clear or lightly clouded.

3.3.3.5 Winds

Winds are generally light to moderate with increase in speed during half of summer and in monsoon season. The predominance is W and NW in summer months, SW and W in monsoon whereas in winter months from N.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-8

Chapter III

3.3.3.5.1 Wind Speed and Wind Direction

The windrose diagram was prepared from site meteorological data in order to assess the wind pattern i.e. direction, speed and frequency. The windrose diagram for the proposed site shows following features. The predominant wind direction during Post-monsoon season was from North East to East. Calm conditions subsist for 33.61%. The analysis of the recorded site data revealed that the prevailing wind velocity is between 0.50 – 2.10 m/s throughout the study period. A wind rose diagram (Fig. 3.3) shows the wind pattern for the site and wind class frequency distribution is shown in Fig. 3.4.

Figure 3.3: Wind Rose

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-9

Chapter III

Figure 3.4: Wind class frequency distribution

3.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING DATA ON SOIL, WATER, AIR AND NOISE ASPECTS

Figure 3.5: Monitoring Location Map

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-10

Chapter III

Table 3.5: Monitoring Locations # Location Direction Distance (km) Parameters (Sample collected for) 1. Factory Site - - Air, Ground Water, Soil 2. Patethan NW 2.54 Air, Ground Water, Water (River Bhima Surface), Soil 3. Devkarwadi SW 3.57 Air, Ground Water, Soil 4. Pilanwadi S 4.22 Air, Ground Water, Soil 5. Rahu SE 5.7 Air, Ground Water, Soil 6. Telewadi E 3.75 Air, Ground Water, Soil 7. Arangaon NW 5.63 Air 8. Takali-Bhima N 4.01 Air, Ground Water, Water (River Bhima Surface), Soil 9. Vadgaon-Bande NE 4.24 Ground Water, Soil 10. Vitthalwadi NW 6.45 Water (River Bhima Surface) 11. Nhavi-Sandas NW 7.80 Water (River Bhima Surface) 12. Mirawadi SW 9.09 Water (River Mula Surface) 13. Dahitane SW 6.94 Water (River Mula Surface) 14. Walki NE 8.39 Water (River Mula Surface) 15. Rahu SE 5.69 Water (River Mula Surface)

3.4.1 Soil: General characteristics for the district The soils of Punedistrict are lighter in the West than in the East and belong broadly to three mainclasses, viz., black, red and brown. In some places one class of soil blends with another in varyingproportions and is in turn modified by sand, gravel, lime salts and other ingredients. Kali or Black soils are nearly black in colour and sometimes have a grayish or bluish tinge. It is commonly found in layers several feet deep and occurs mostly in the Eastern portion of Khed, Shirur, Daund and Purandhar Tahsils and the whole of Baramati and Indapur Tahsils. Black soils are richer than either red or coarse grey soils and are particularly suited for rabi crops because of their quality ofretaining moisture for a longer time and crumbling instead of becoming hard due to the sun. Wheat, gram, rabi jowar and sugarcane are amongst the important crops grown in these soils. Brown or copper coloured soils, commonly known as tambvat are found in the transition tractviz., the Eastern parts of Khed and Haveli Tahsils and the Western parts of Shirur, Daundand Purandhar

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-11

Chapter III

Tahsils. These soils are shallower and coarser than the black soils. They are often impaired by mixture of gravel but when watered by frequent showers, are generally well suited for wheat and kharif crops particularly jowar and bajra. 3.4.1.1 Soil characteristics Soil is a dynamic natural body on the surface of the earth in which plants grow, composed of mineral and organic materials and living forms. Soil is an essential component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Soil also acts as a medium of transport of various dissolved materials to the underlying ground water. Hence the impact of the proposed activities on soil needs to be understood for proper mitigation measure whenever required.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the study area. Hence it is necessary to identify the impacts in the study area on the soil characteristics, which would affect the agricultural and a forestation potential.

Ground truth collection and soil analysis

Using the available base map and land use land cover map, the area was traversed for identification of present land use/land cover classes. To understand the soil variability based on land use map, eleven locations were selected for soil sampling within the 10 km radius of the study area. Nearly 2.0 kg of representative soil samples collected from each location at a depth of 30 cm.

Soil analysis

The bulk soil samples collected during the field work were initially air dried in laboratory at room temperature, ground using wooden mortar and pestle, screened through 2 mm sieve, properly labeled and stored in cloth bags for laboratory analysis. Soils were analyzed for texture, pH and electrical conductivity (1:2.5 H2O), organic carbon, calcium carbonate, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and DTPA extractable micronutrient like iron, manganese, zinc and copper and heavy metals like chromium, cadmium, lead and nickel using standard methods.

The data pertaining to soil analysis have been presented in Table 3.6 and salient chemical characteristics of the soils have been discussed below.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-12

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Table 3.6: Soil analysis results for samples collected from the study area

)

(%) (%)

matter

Organic Organic

Texture (Kg/ha) (Kg/ha)

Nitrogen

Moisture

Available Available Available

Potassium

Carbon Carbon (%)

Available Available Phosphorous (P (Kg/ha)

Characteristics

(Milli mhos/cm) Project 8.1 0.263 18.73 Clay 0.55 0.32 344.96 18.11 188 Site Pilanwadi 7.9 0.083 14.16 Clay 0.89 0.51 330.84 17.47 214

Takali- 8.5 0.310 19.62 Silt 0.94 0.54 316.73 18.39 110 Bhima Patethan 8.2 0.293 17.95 Silt- 0.82 0.47 354.36 19.97 182 clay Devkarwad 8.8 0.343 16.82 Silt- 0.52 0.30 238.33 26.62 177 loam i Wadgaon- 8.0 0.089 18.38 Clay 0.40 0.23 211.68 15.81 203 Bande Telewadi 8.3 0.401 16.27 Sandy 0.67 0.39 227.36 22.46 223

Rahu 8.1 0.321 12.26 Clay- 0.31 0.18 338.68 16.64 198 loamy

3.4.1.2 Observations The pH indicates the potential of ionizable hydrogen ion and represents the degree of acidity or alkalinity in soils. Based on pH (soil reaction), the soils are grouped as acidic, alkaline or neutral. The pH of the soils ranged from 7.9 to 8.8 (moderately alkaline to alkaline). The electrical conductivity is a measure of soluble salt concentration in the soils. The EC (< 0.40Milli mhos/cm) of all the soils are within the acceptable limitand not of much consequence for growing a range of crops.

Organic carbon is an indicator of organic fraction in soils formed from microbial decomposition of organic residues. It acts as a major factor regulating the organic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in the soils. It also improves the soil structure, infiltration rate, nutrient retention and reduces soil erosion. The organic carbon content in the soils varies from 0.18 to 0.54per cent.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-13

Chapter III

3.4.2 Hydrology The entire area of the district is underlain by the basaltic lava flows of upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene age. The shallow alluvial formation of Recent age also occurs as narrow stretch along the major rivers flowing in the area. A map depicting the drainage pattern of study area is shown in Figure–3.6.

Figure 3.6: Drainage map of the study area

3.4.3 Physico-chemical characteristics of surface water The surface water samples collected during summerseason and analyzed for Physico-chemical characteristics and the corresponding results interpreted in Table 3.7. The same were compared with drinking water standard IS 10500:2012.The Physico-chemical parameters of river Bhima and river Mula-mutha showed moderate water quality in terms of Total suspended solids: 54-66 mg/l.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-14

Chapter III

Table 3.7: Analysis report - Surface water sources from the study area

–

River)

Sandas

Walki

River) River)

Takali

Patethan Characteristics Unit Dahitane

Mira WadiMira

Rahu(Mula

Vitthalwadi

(Mula River)(Mula River)(Mula

Nhavi

Bhima(Bhima

(Bhima River) (Bhima River) (Bhima River)

IS10500:2012

DW standard pH -- 7.6 7.5 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.9 7.9 6.5 to 8.5 Conductivity at 25°C mmhos 0.485 0.611 0.883 0.695 0.673 0.541 0.46 0.46 -- /cm Total Suspended Solids mg/l 58 62 58 54 64 58 56 66 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 300 286 268 324 250 270 304 232 <500 Total Alkalinity mg/l 47.5 55 95 97.5 85 77.5 75 90 <200 Total Hardness as mg/l 115 135 145 120 195 125 135 135 <200

CaCO3 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 23.04 18.03 30.06 38.07 38.07 27.05 27.05 42.08 <75 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 13.97 21.87 17.01 13.97 21.87 13.97 16.40 7.29 <30 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 49.98 46.23 41.23 31.24 27.49 59.98 29.99 49.98 <200

Residual chlorine mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL >0.20 Sodium mg/l 60 50 55 60 95 50 30 40 -- Potassium mg/l 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 3 02 03 --

Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 43.88 37.76 60.19 44.27 32.03 40.77 31.55 42.52 <250 Phosphate mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL --

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-15

Chapter III

Silica mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.26 0.52 -- Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.6 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 -- Biochemical Oxygen mg/l 6.76 6.2 6.76 7.59 6.76 6.2 8.33 6.2 -- Demand at 27°C for 3 days Chemical Oxygen mg/l 16 16 16 18 16 16 20 16 -- Demand Heavy Metals Iron mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.3 Manganese mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 Copper mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -- Cadmium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 Chromium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 Nickel mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02 Lead mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 Zinc mg/l 0.126 0.111 BDL 0.226 0.221 BDL BDL BDL 5

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-16

Chapter III

Table 3.8: Analysis report - Groundwater sources from the study area

(Bore

2012

water) water) water)

IS10500:

Pilanwadi

(BoreWell (BoreWell (BoreWell

Rahu

Wellwater) FactorySite Wellwater) Wellwater)

Characteristics Unit Deokarwadi

(Wellwater) (Wellwater)

DW Standard

TakaliBhima

VadgaonBande

Patethan(Bore

TeLewadi pH -- 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.5 6.5 to 8.5

Conductivity mmhos 0.670 0.243 0.33 0.371 0.822 0.47 1.45 1.373 - /cm Chemical Oxygen mg/l 12 16 12 16 24 16 12 16 - Demand Biochemical Oxygen mg/l 5.4 6.76 5.1 5.63 8.9 6.2 5.4 6.2 - Demand Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 -

Total Solids mg/l 548 310 224 398 548 692 670 620 -

Total Dissolved mg/l 292 202 148 318 472 520 438 472 <500 Solids Total Suspended mg/l 78 84 68 76 70 66 78 72 - Solids Total Hardness as mg/l 140 135 110 205 205 145 115 130 <200

CaCO3 Calcium mg/l 35.07 30.06 26.05 50.1 30.06 36.07 62.12 26.05 75 Magnesium mg/l 12.75 14.58 10.93 12.15 24.3 13.36 4.86 15.79 30

Chlorides as Cl mg/l 44.98 34.98 31.24 6.24 29.99 24.99 39.98 34.98 <200

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-17

Chapter III

(Bore

2012

water) water) water)

IS10500:

Pilanwadi

(BoreWell (BoreWell (BoreWell

Rahu

Wellwater) FactorySite Wellwater) Wellwater)

Characteristics Unit Deokarwadi

(Wellwater) (Wellwater)

DW Standard

TakaliBhima

VadgaonBande

Patethan(Bore

TeLewadi

Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 54.85 25.33 56.79 74.75 49.02 79.61 50 48.54 <250

Phosphate mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - Total Alkalinity as mg/l 75 20 50 75 70 85 95 60 <200

CaCO3 Silica mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - Sodium mg/l 70 30 75 30 50 80 75 95 - Potassium mg/l 0.3 2 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 - Residual chlorine mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL >0.20 Nitrates mg/l 2.6 BDL 2.44 1.71 2.01 2.65 2.56 2.59 <45 Copper mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL - Cadmium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 Chromium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 Nickel mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02 Iron mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.3

Zinc mg/l BDL BDL BDL 0.121 0.105 BDL BDL BDL 5 Manganese mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1

Lead mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-18 Chapter III

Buffering capacity in terms of alkalinity found to be in the range of 47.5-97.5 mg/l, whereas pH was in the range of 6.6-7.9. Nutrient load in terms total phosphates found to be BDL. Levels of DO and COD observed to be in the range of 3.6-4.7 mg/l and 16-20 mg/l respectively. Heavy metals like nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, iron, manganese are found below detectable limits and zinc found in the range of 0.111-0.226 mg/l. 3.4.3.1. Physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water The sampling locations of 08 groundwater resources (from bore well) are studied during winter season. The results obtained for physico-chemical, inorganic parameters, nutrient demand and organic parameters, heavy metals, characteristics of groundwater samples collected are presented in Table 3.8. In groundwater, total suspended solids were found to be in the range of

66-84 mg/l. The alkalinity as CaCO3, was found to be in the range of 20 - 95 mg/l which is lower than the prescribed standard (IS: 10500-2012) limit whereas pH was in the range of 7.3-7.7. Concentration of nitrate and sulphate were found to be in the range of BDL1.71-2.65 mg/l and 25.33-79.61 mg/l respectively. 3.4.4 Hydrogeology The entire area of the district is underlain by the basaltic lava flows of upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene age. The shallow alluvial formation of recent age also occurs as narrow stretch along the major rivers in the area. A map depicting the hydrogeological features is shown in Figure–3.7. Hard Rock (Deccan Trap Basalt) Basaltic lava flows occupies more than 95% of the area of the district. These flows are normally horizontally disposed over a wide stretch and give rise to table land type of topography also known a plateau. These flows occur in layered sequences ranging in thickness from 7 to 45 m and represented by massive unit at the bottom and vesicular unit at the top of the flow. These flows are separated from each other by marker bed known as ‘bole bed’. The water bearing properties of these flows depend upon the intensity of weathering, fracturing and jointing which provides availability of open space within therock for storage and movement of ground water. The thickness of weathering in the district various widely up to 20 m bgl. However, the weathered and fractured trap occurring in topographic lows forms the potential aquifer in the district. The ground water in the district occurs under phreatic, semi – confined and confined conditions. Generally, the shallower zones down to the depth of 20 to 22 m bgl form the phreatic aquifer. The water bearing zones occurring between the depth 20 and 40 m bgl when weathered or having shear zones yield water under semi-confined condition. The deep confined aquifers generally occur below the depth of 40 m bgl.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-19 Chapter III

The vesicular unit of lava flow when exposed or lying just few meter below the surface forms a potential aquifer in the district. However, the vesicular portion of different lava flows varies in thickness from few m to 10 m and nature and density of vesicles, their distribution, interconnection, weathering are the decisive factors for occurrence and movement of water in these units. The massive portions of basaltic flows are normally devoid of water, but when it is weathered, fractured and jointed forms potential aquifer. In Deccan Trap Basalt, the yield of the dugwells in different formations ranges from 30 to 150 lpm/day depending upon the local hydrogeological conditions. The yields of borewells also show wide variations and it ranges from traces to 30.62 lps (Lavle) a seen from CGWB exploration data. Soft Rock (Alluvium) Alluvium occurs in small areas along banks and flood plains of major rivers like Bhima, Ghod, Mula, Mutha and their tributaries. In alluvium the granular detrital material like sand and gravel usually occurring as thin layer in the district yields water. But due to its limited extent the ground water potential in this formation is negligible

Figure 3.7: Hydrogeology of Pune District (Source: Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board, Ground Water Information Pune District Maharashtra, 2009)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-20 Chapter III

3.4.4.1 Major Ground Water Problems and Issues About 50 % area of Pune district falls under Rain Shadow zone of Maharashtra state. Long term rain fall data analysis reveals that eastern, southern, south-eastern, central and north-central part area of district around Indapur, Baramati, Jejuri, Daund, Talegaon, Dhamdhare, Alandi, Shirur and Bhor are classified as drought areas. Decadal pre-monsoon water level trend (2002-11) shows fall in water levels up to 0.56 m/year in 30% of the GWMW of the district, whereas in postmonsoon season fall is observed upto 0.27 m/year in 37% of GWMW. The stage of ground water development has reached up to 96.13% in two talukas of the district namely Baramati and Purandhar and are categorized under “Semi-Critical” category. In 17% water samples collected from CGWB Ground Water Monitoring Wells, excessive nitrate content (> 45 mg/L) was recorded during year 2011.

(Source: Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board, Ground Water Information Pune District Maharashtra, 2009)

3.4.5 Air Environment The baseline ambient air quality data is given in table 3.9. Table 3.9: Baseline Ambient Air Quality data Sr. Location Ambient Air Parameters

No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

1. Factory Site

Minimum 40.17 19.67 15.19 20.01 Maximum 58.28 37.04 20.28 32.16 Average 50.60 28.85 18.59 27.07

98th Percentile 55.84 36.61 20.25 32.12 2. Patethan Minimum 41.00 21.29 12.24 15.73 Maximum 53.23 32.69 18.93 31.03 Average 48.80 27.39 17.31 25.43

98th Percentile 53.02 32.57 18.91 30.91 3. Devkarwadi Minimum 36.34 19.48 13.08 15.34 Maximum 52.45 32.66 19.35 30.06 Average 46.85 24.48 16.89 23.68

98th Percentile 52.42 32.24 19.14 29.93 4. Pilanwadi

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-21 Chapter III

Sr. Location Ambient Air Parameters

No. PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Minimum 40.48 18.78 13.5 14.96 Maximum 54.81 29.51 18.93 28.77 Average 44.7 22.57 16.63 22.78

98th Percentile 53.73 29.45 18.77 28.3 5. Rahu Minimum 39.92 18.47 12.66 15.15 Maximum 53.18 33.46 18.71 29.9 Average 46.75 24.74 16.48 23.8

98th Percentile 52.86 32.66 18.67 29.4

6. Telewadi

Minimum 35.47 18.8 12.5 16.66

Maximum 52.21 28.28 19.36 26.57

Average 44.57 22.27 17.09 22.74

98th Percentile 51.73 28.02 19.27 26.55

7. Arangaon

Minimum 36.78 18.88 11.79 15.65

Maximum 49.89 26.93 19.77 28.55

Average 44.89 22.34 16.82 22.28

98th Percentile 49.86 26.87 19.53 28.26

8. TakaliBhima

Minimum 34.63 20.02 13.3 17.38

Maximum 50.27 30.13 19.57 29.61

Average 44.75 23.68 17.18 23.82

98th Percentile 49.87 29.42 19.47 29.61 NAAQS (24 hour) 100 60 80 80

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-22 Chapter III

3.4.5.1 Observations Particulate Matter

PM10

The average PM10 concentration varied in the range from 44.57 - 50.60µg/m3. The highest concentration among the locations observed at Factory site and lowest at Telewadi among the locations monitored which may be due to windblown dust, unpaved roads etc. The PM10 for all locations were observed to be below stipulated standards for NAAQS (24 hourly PM10 = 100 µg/m3).

PM2.5

The average PM2.5 concentration varied in the range from 22.27 – 28.85 µg/m3. The highest concentration among the locations observed at Factory site and lowest at Telewadi among the locations monitored which may be due to windblown dust, unpaved roads etc. The PM2.5 for all other locations were observed to be below stipulated standards for NAAQS (24 hourly PM2.5 = 60 µg/m3). Gaseous Pollutant

The average concentration of SO2 ranged between 16.48 – 18.59 µg/m3 and the average concentration of NOx ranged between 22.28 – 27.07µg/m3. The highest and lowest concentration of SO2 observed at project site and Rahu respectively. The highest and lowest concentration of NOx observed at project site and Arangaon respectively. The SO2 and NOx concentrations for all other locations were observed to be below stipulated standards for

NAAQS (24 hourly SO2 and NOx= 80 µg/m3).

The 98th percentile values of 24 hourly concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx ranged from 55.84-49.86µg/m3, 26.87-36.61µg/m3, 18.67 -20.25µg/m3 and 26.55-32.12µg/m3 respectively. 3.4.6 Noise Environment Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness, which are distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is the weighted scale which is measured as decibel or dB. This is more suitable for audible range of 20-20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The environmental impact assessment of a noise from the industrial activity, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses which have several effects varying from rise Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) etc. Noise survey had been conducted in the study area to assess the background noise levels in different zones viz. Industrial, commercial and residential zones. Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. Eight locations were identified for the monitoring of noise levels (Table 3.10).

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-23 Chapter III

3.4.6.1 Method of Monitoring Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at all locations, with an interval of 10second over a periodicity of 15 minutes for 24 hours. As per the CPCB guidelines, 6 am to 10 pm considered as daytime and 10 pm to 6 am is considered as nighttime. 3.4.6.2 Parameters Measured It was observed that both the day time and night time noise levels were observed within the national standards limits. The results of the noise monitoring at the location monitored are given in Table 3.10. Table 3.10: Noise Monitoring Results in dB(A) #. Location Avg. Leq in dB (A) Day time Night time (6 am to 10 pm) (10 pm to 6 am) Industrial Area 1. Factory site 54.4 49 (Industrial Area) Residential area (Rural) 2. Patethan 47.4 41.6 3. Devkarwadi 51.7 40.2 4. Pilanwadi 49.6 39.1 5. Rahu 52.9 43.2 6. Telewadi 49.8 39.8 7. Arangaon 50.1 41.8 8. TakaliBhima 42.5 40.5

Noise Standard Limits Area Category of Area / Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq Code Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Area 50 40 As per The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

3.5 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 3.5.1 Geography The district of Pune, located in the state of Maharashtra, covers a total geographical area of 15.642 square kms. Being the second largest district in the state, it covers 5.10 percent of the

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-24 Chapter III

total geographical area of the state. The district is bordered by Ahmednagar district on the north-east, Solapur district on the south-east, Satara district on south, Raigad district on the west and Thane district on the north-west. The landscape of Pune district is distributed triangularly in western Maharashtra at the foothills of the Sahyadri Mountains and is divided into three parts: Ghatmatha, Maval and Desh. 3.5.2 Geology Geologically, the entire District is consisted of Deccan traps. These volcanic lava flows arespread out in the form of horizontal sheets or beds. However, laterite caps the summit of some of thehills of high altitudes in the District. Laterite rock is ferruginous hard and massive and generallyvaries in colour from dark red to yellowish and dark brown to dirty brown. A fresh cut surface of thelaterite bed is usually soft but becomes very hard and tough on exposure to the atmosphere.Trap rocks are generally barren of any economically useful and important minerals but beinghard, dense and durable are most suitable for building purposes. These rocks are generally used asroad metal, railway ballast and as an aggregate for concrete mixtures.Irregular nodules of kankar and gypsum occur in the soil at a number of places especially in the Eastern parts of the District. Kankar on burning yields good lime and is locally used for the manufacture of lime for use in construction purposes. 3.5.2.1 Minerals There are no major mineral deposits in the district. However, Sand, Murum, Stone and clay are available in abundance, which can be suitably used for construction of roads and building.The geological and mineral map of Maharashtra is given in Fig. 3.8.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-25 Chapter III

(Source:http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/MP30_GM_Maharashtra.pdf)

Figure 3.8: Geological and Mineral Map of Maharashtra

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.6.1 Methodology

Ecological study of the area was comprised of conducting survey of the study area, noting important ecosystems and habitat therein, diversity of floral and faunal elements by listing of species and assessment of their existing baseline ecological condition. EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-26 Chapter III

 Study area was comprised of 10 km radius considering proposed unit at the centre  Primary data was collected on floral aspects as well as on avifauna by visiting the study area,  Data on different type of animals, including mammals, amphibians, reptiles, insects, etc, have been obtained from secondary sources  Secondary data was collected from literature, forest department’s web sites and discussion with local people/ NGO 3.6.2 Floral diversity of study area Field survey was carried out during October 2017 to January 2018at and around 10 km area of the site, data on floral distribution was collected mainly by field observation and collection of specimens, interview with local people & literature available. Plants characters were noted in the field. Collected plant specimens were identified with the help of keys to the families, genera and species provided in the field guides and floras.

The project site is predominantly covered by cultivated species that includes large number of mango (Mangiferaindica), coconut (Cocos nucifera), Gulmohar (Delonixregia), Amla, Banana, Drum stick, etc. Acacia, neem, shirish, Palas, members of Ficusgrown naturally observed along the road as well as in the open spaces and to some extent on the boundaries of farms. Wild shrubs such as Lantana, Jatropha,Calatropis, Cassia, Ricinus, Salvadorawere observed. Within the project site, there is no aquatic body.

3.6.3 Faunal diversity of study area Survey was carried out at site & around 10 km area of the site, data on faunal distribution was recorded mainly through information gathered from local people, literature available about the area and from official sources such as forest department, district gazetteer, zoological survey of India, etc.

Study of birds was conducted early in the morning when birds vocalize most, which in known as the dawn chorus. It is time of maximum bird movement. Direct observation was carried out with the help of binocular. Existences of birds are recorded by collecting their fallen feathers, by listening/recording bird’s calls, by observing nest, etc. Field guides were used for identification of birds. Common birds like little egret, common babbler, Indian myna, Indian robin, jungle crow, purple sunbird, small green bee eater, house crow etc. were common and dominant. A detailed list of the same is enclosed as annexure XII.

3.6.4 Observations within 10 km surrounding study area: There are no threatened species of plants or animals reported from the said area. The area is predominantly under agriculture. The species observed are matching to the habitat. Wildlife as

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-27 Chapter III

such is negligible and common to this region. River Mula and Bhima are two important aquatic ecosystems of this area. However, the aquatic life is very minor (Due to constructions of dam in the upper region, fresh water flow is very poor and mainly treated sewage from Pune and adjoining sub-urban area is released into the same). Fishes are generally collected from artificial ponds/lakes or imported from some other areas. Any national park or sanctuary is not situated in 10 or 25 km radius of the project. Hence, ecology-biodiversity aspect is not very sensitive for the said project.

3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

3.7.1 Introduction

In general, while studying development of any geographical area or regions, socio- economic status of the population residing in that area, is considered as one of the prime indicators. Developmental project of any magnitude will have some bearing on the living conditions and on the economics of the local population. Similarly, the proposed unit will have its share of socio- economic influence in the study area.

3.7.2 Methodology

Data collection on Demography of the area, infrastructure available, etc. through site visit, a questionnaire, official web site of the district, district gazetteer, census of India and other government offices.

3.7.3 Sources of Information

As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include block office, Collectorate office, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central/state Ground Water Board, Department of Mines and Geology etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the website of Census of India 2011. The socio-economic details are briefly described in following sections.

3.7.4 Social Profile Hinduism is the majority religion in Daund taluka with 82.22% followers. Islam (Muslim) is second most popular religion with approximately 9.94% and Jain is 1.73 % presented in below table Table 3.11: Religious status of Daund taluka # Hindu Muslim Jain Daund (%) 82.22 9.94 1.73

(Source: Census Book, 2011)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-28 Chapter III

3.7.4.1 Demography

Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. It encompasses the study of size, structure and distribution of these populations and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageingand death. Demographics are quantifiable characteristics of a given population. The demographic details of Daund talukaand number and percentage of SC, ST population is given in Table 3.12. Table 3.12:Number and percentage of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in Daund Taluka, 2011 # Total Total Scheduled Total Percentage of Percentage of population Caste Scheduled Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe population Tribe population to population to population total population total population Total 331,046 45,819 8,434 13.84 2.54 Rural 324,183 42,226 8,059 13.02 2.48 Urban 6,863 3,593 375 52.35 5.46

Table 3.13: Sex ratio by sub district # Total Urban Rural Daund 939 933 971 The population with respect to Schedule caste and schedule tribes in Daund taluka is given below- Table 3.14: Demographic details with respect to SC and ST Population # Total SC ST Total 3,31,046 49,450 8,434 Male 1,71,166 23,259 4,306 Female 1,59,880 22,560 4,128

(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)

3.7.4.2 Literacy Levels

Literacy is very important for overall development of the region. It improves the quality of human resources. Literacy brings about fundamental changes in socio-economic development of any area. The literacy rate was found to be 85.70% within 10km of study area. The literacy details of villages in Daund tehsil is given below (Table 3.15).

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-29 Chapter III

Table 3.15:Number of literates and illiterates, literacy rate by sex in sub-Districts, 2011

# Number of literates and illiterates Gap in Number of literates Number of illiterates Literacy rate Male female Persons Male Female Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Literacy rate Total 263,989 146,684 117,305 116,507 49,599 66,908 79.09 85.70 72.13 13.97 Rural 220,410 123,593 96,817 103,773 44,124 59,649 77.64 84.67 70.20 14.47 Urban 43,579 23091 20,488 12,734 5475 7259 87.32 91.66 82.89 8.77

(Source: District Census Handbook, 2011)

3.7.4.3 Occupation structure

Agriculture and related activities provide major employment opportunities for the locals.The list of few industries in Daund taluka is given in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16: List of Industries& Sugar mill/ distilleries in the surrounding area List of Industries Distance, List of sugar mills/distilleries Distance, km With capacities km Neosym Industries 14.00 RaosahebPawarGhodganaga SSK 35 Ltd (2500TCD/30KLPD) Mahesh Industries 14.50 Venkateshkrupa Sugar (2500TCD) 30 Auto Point 14.30 Anuraj Sugar (2500TCD) 30 Industries Mutual Industries 14.50 Bhima Patas (5000TCD/45KLPD) 35 Praj Industries 15.50 Daund Sugar (3500TCD/90KLPD) 65

3.7.4.4 Settlement Details There are few settlements in the 10km proximity of the site viz., Patethan, Takli-Bhima, Nhavi Sandas, Rahu, Pimpalgaon, Khamgaon, Dahitane, Valaki, etc. and Daund tehsil has 23 villages within 10 km study area.

3.7.4.5 Availability of Infrastructure

Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the study area. The availability of facilities with regard to education, health, transport and communication, water supply and availability of electricity are dealt with in the following.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-30 Chapter III

 Road and railway network The site is well connected by road, railway as well as air network. It is approx.13.3 km away from the state highway no. 27 and 13.27 km away from the national highway no. 9. Yavat railway station is approx. 13 km from the project site. The international Airport of Pune (approx. 35 km) is the nearest airport to the site.

 Education facilities The overall educational facilities available in Daundtaluka. Primary school, Degree colleges in Daund taluka are available at a distance of approx. 07km from the factory site. c. Health Services

Primary health centre (PHC) is available in village KoregaonBhivar and Shindewadi.Apart from government medical facility, many dispensaries are available in nearby areas/villages. d. Drinking Water Supply

Drinking water facility is available in almost all the villages in the study area. Groundwater sources namely, well and hand pump are used as drinking water sources. This reduces water borne diseases to certain extent but may cause problems if ground water quality degrades. e. Crops

The district and this region is well known for vegetables such as tomato, brinjal and Ladies finger. Amongst cereals wheat, gram, rabi, jowar and sugarcane are cultivated. Other crops include cotton, Soybeans, Sunflower and Sesame. g. Communication facilities

The district is also well connected by telecommunication and postal facilities to the rest of the country. The telecommunication facilities are provided by private leading operators like Idea, Airtel, Vodafone etc. There are various newspapers like Pudhari, Sakal, Loksatta, Maharashtra times, Lokmat etc. getting circulated in the district, which includes national level, state level as well as local level newspaper. Pune has efficient telecom and internet services. Aakashvani is operating its transmission station from Pune. Doordarshan has a very widespread in the district. Now a days, direct to home services of private operators are also becoming popular. h. Post and Courier

Modernization has changed lifestyle of people and nowadays e-mails are preferred for communication in the urban areas but importance of postal services cannot be neglected when it comes to send letters, mails and parcels to the distant places.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-31 Chapter III

i. Power Supply

Mahato (1982) has stated that, when the economic prosperity rises, the per capita electric power consumption generally increases. Hence, progress of electricity can be a good indicator of socio-economic development and they were by human resource development. Electricity is available in all villages coming under study area. j. Banking Services

Many of the leading banks such as Bank of Maharashtra, Kotak Mahindra, Dena Bank, and Co- operative Banks are present in the study area. They are also providing ATM facilities.

3.7.5 Social activities initiated and implemented by SMSKL

Since its establishment the factory has shown concern about the social development of the region. As a part of its social commitment, it has initiated and implemented many activities in the region. Some of them are highlighted below

A. Cane Development Scheme:  Distribution of organic and chemical fertilizers for farmers in command area and establishment of “ShrinathMhaskobaAgri Services” for guidance to the farmers  The soil testing laboratory has been set up for the farmers at factory premises, the soil testing is provided free of charge. Ever year 4500 to 5000 samples were analyzed  The independent sugarcane development department has been established in the factory and it provides guidance to farmers about the sugarcane  Technical group is set up in Agricultural department to provide knowledge from planting to Harvesting of sugarcane crop  Technical knowledge is being provided to farmers for implementation of 100% drip irrigation into the farms B. The factory operates a school i.e. “SakharShala” for cane harvesting labour during crushing season. All expenses towards this activity is borne by the factory, including fees, stationery, uniform, etc. It also provides mid-day meals to the students. C. Establishment of “Shree JansevaPratishthanSanstha” at Shikrapur in 2014. Following activities are implemented  “Late SambhajiraoKarpe” Ayurvedic Clinic  From the perspective of women empowerment, “Late KalavatiRaut” women training center was established

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-32 Chapter III

 Hostel facility for the economically backward people and cane harvesting farmers is being running in the name of “Late Sambhaji Bhujbal” D. Financial Assistance is provided by the factory to improve educational level of the Zila Parishad schools in factory operation area. About 15 schools and 4500 students benefitted by this. E. Tree plantation is done by the mill every year, about 12,296 number of trees are planted in the surrounding villages and 11,770 number of saplings are distributed among the farmers at free of cost. F. The factory is operating indigenous cattle rearing center at site for farmers to understand the importance of indigenous cattle for agriculture G. Health and medical checkup facilities for workers and their families H. Construction of tar roads in the factory premises and surrounding villages by the factory for better transportation I. Participation in various schemes implemented by the central as well as state government. Participated in “Jalyukta Shivar” scheme implemented by Maharashtra government. Under this scheme, water conservation work has been done by the factroy in Rahu, Kondhapuri and other surrounding villages. Four ponds have been constructed having 7.5 Cr. Liters storage capacity and about 3500 farmers are benefitted by this work. Total expenses for this work is about 7.63 Lakhs in year 2016-17 J. Under ‘Swach Bharat Abhiyan’, construction of toilets for cane harvesting labours and for residential lobours K. A clean campaign has been implemented by the factory on quarterly basis 3.8 OTHER ASPECTS

3.8.1 Traffic Details

The average traffic per day during season and off season is given in Table 3.17.

Table 3.17: Average Traffic per day # Type of Vehicle During Season During Off- Season 1. HMV (Trucks, Tankers, Tractors 124 23 2. LMV (Car, Jeep) 04 01 3. Four wheelers 01 00 4. Two wheelers 325 25 Total 454 50

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-33 Chapter III

From Seismic Zone map (Fig. 3.9), it appears that, the proposed site is in earthquake zone III. In this zone, the probable earthquake intensity of >5 Richter scale could be observed.

No defense installations or recreational sites, historically or archeologically important/ notified sites, ecologically sensitive sites, national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves present in study area of 10km radius.

Figure 3.9: Seismic Zone Map of Maharashtra

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath MhaskobaSakharKarkhana, Patethan, Pune 3-34 Chapter IV

Chapter IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 INTRODUCTION

It is a foregone conclusion that any industrial projects or developmental activity will have positive and negative impacts. This project i.e. expansion of sugar and distillery unit is also anticipated to have environmental and social impacts. This chapter focuses on identification of these impacts to the maximum possible extent. These impacts are identified based on the activities involved in the project, site specific physical as well as environmental conditions, quantities and/or characteristics of various pollutants, factors responsible for the impact and direct/secondary sources of impact. The project activities are divided into two parts viz. construction phase including erection & commissioning; and operation phase i.e. actual production. Impact assessment is done for both the phases. 4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE Presently, the project has following infrastructure.  Existing sugar unit with cane yard, milling, boiling and processing units, boiler with stack and wet scrubber, spray pond, bagasse yard, sugar godown, molasses storage tanks, ETP, etc.  Distillery unit including fermentation, distillation, bio-digester, MEE, cooling towers, compost yard, spentwash storage lagoons, ETP/CPU, storage tanks for raw material and finished products  Existing greenbelt of approximately12 acres  Raw water reservoir, DM plant  Other – such as asphalted internal roads, firefighting system, captive power source Since it is an expansion project, the major activities during the construction phase of the project will be: . Installation of various machineries in the existing sugar and distillery unit . Enhancing capacities of units such as storage of raw material and finished products, ETP and CPU, spent wash storage lagoons, etc. as per requirement . Preparation / processing of construction material . Loading / unloading of construction material . Transportation of material . To & fro transportation of workers . Disposal of the liquid and solid waste generated by the temporary work force employed for the construction

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-1

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4.2.1 Land Transformation The proposed project will be within the existing sugar complex. The land is under the possession of the project proponent. The management has made provision of 7.5 acres of land for the expansion of sugar and distillery units. Out of which, it is estimated that 20,000 sq.m (5.0 acres) will be built-up area where expansion units, internal roads, and other setup will be installed/developed. Since, the existing land (allocated for the said activity) is flat, barren and therefore, construction will take place with just minor leveling activity. It is anticipated that approximately 3,000 tons of top fertile soil layer (Considering 15 cm layer) will get removed due to this construction. In addition, it will generate excavated material such as murum and stones in moderate quantities. Following measures will be adopted to minimize the potential impact. . Upper fertile layer of soil will be kept separately and reused for the development of greenbelt, mainly along the boundary of the unit and in areas where soil strata is very poor. . The excess of excavated soil, stones and other earth material will be used within the project site, mainly for foundation of various structures and for expansion of internal roads (As per requirement) . Construction waste, debris will be disposed off according to their characteristics; recyclable material will be sold to recycling agents; in any case construction waste will not be dumped outside the factory premises, particularly into any water body, wetland, community land etc. . The runoff from the construction site will be controlled by ditches and will not allowed to runoff into any water bodies or percolate in the surrounding soils Due to minor construction and erection of structures, a permanent change will take place in the topography of the respective areas. However, construction activity will be carried out in planned manner and thus any negative impact on the site specific drainage (if any) will be avoided.

4.2.2 Air Environment

Construction equipment such as RCC machines, cranes, road rollers, water tankers, etc will be used for proposed construction work. These all produce noise and often generate dust. Thus, noise and dust are anticipated as a major impact causing factors. Following measures are proposed to minimize/control dust . Barricading the dust generating or high noise generating areas . Sprinkling of water while loading/unloading the dust generating material . Sprinkling of water on open, dust generating plots . Storage of cement bags in covered area

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-2

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. Use of electrically operated machinery instead of diesel operated wherever feasible to reduce air and noise emissions, . Existing internal roads are asphalted, these roads will be extended as per requirements. Thus, dust generation from roads due to vehicles will be negligible. Some administrative controls, such as a) permitting only maintained machineries for construction work b) developing code for the civil and engineering contractors to follow the environment management plan c) work permit for noise producing activities only during day time d) engaging authorized suppliers and contractors which follow the laws and rules related to safety, health and environment e) allowing vehicles which are well maintained and having valid PUC certificates Considering overall volume of the construction activity, it will last for short period of about six months. Dust (particulate matter) and noise are anticipated to cause negative impact particularly near the construction areas and along the transportation route. There are no residential areas or other sensitive receptors in 500 m radius of the proposed site. Moreover, the area allocated for the proposed project is sizable and the construction work will take place smoothly without any congestion. The impact due to dust and noise will be temporary and localized. Further, it will be reduced/controlled by adopting above mentioned mitigation measures. Thus, localized and short term minor negative impact is anticipated on ambient air quality as well as noise due to construction activity.

4.2.3 Water Environment

The sugar complex is having ample open space to accommodate construction labour. Good quality drinking water facility is available at existing sugar as well as distillery unit. Similarly, toilet blocks are also available at various locations in these units. The same will be used by the construction labour and workers. Thus, one of major source of surface water contamination will be eliminated due to availability of such infrastructure at site. Run-off from construction site is generally acts as a major source of surface water pollution. Mitigation Measures: Based on the infrastructure available and site specific situations following measures are proposed.  Use fresh water with utmost care, use spray pond overflow and sugar ETP treated water for construction and dust suppression activities. It will help to reduce freshwater requirement  Minimize wastage of water. Usually, it becomes run-off  Proper precaution to prevent the runoff from construction site from mixing into the nearby surface and/or ground water resource

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-3

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 Allow and insist construction labour to use toilet blocks available in the existing factory premises  Total prohibition on dumping/throwing any solid waste, excavated material from construction activity into any of the nearby water bodies By implementing these measures, it is anticipated that overall impact of construction activity on water environment will be negligible and short term.

4.2.4 Ecology

As mentioned earlier, in the present expansion case, the machinery will be installed in the existing industrial sheds, Therefore, actual construction activity will take place on site without cutting of any tree. Thus, construction activity is anticipated to cause no negative impact in the form of loss of existing space (habitat), permanently. Runoff from construction site will be managed properly to prevent contamination of nearby surface and/or ground water resource. Hence, probability of disturbance of surface aquatic ecosystem is anticipated only in accidental case. Construction activity is anticipated to cause negative impact on soil micro-fauna. Construction vehicles are anticipated to disturb fauna dwelling along the roads. It will cause short term, localized negative impact. 4.2.5 Natural Resources The proposed activity will require natural resources such as minerals e.g. metals, mainly steel for construction and copper for distillation towers. Glass and aluminum will be required in minor quantities. Lime-stone will be used indirectly, in the form of cement. Stones and soil excavated during the construction will also be utilized within the premises for various activities such as leveling, internal roads, etc.

4.2.6 Socio-Economic aspects

Since, the project doesn’t require any new land and purchase thereof. Therefore, there are no rehabilitation and restoration issues involved in the project. In the present case, construction activity will require limited unskilled and skilled workers. Workers employed will be mainly from nearby areas only. Thus, it will generate employment opportunities to approx. 364 skilled and unskilled persons. Additionally, activities such as transportation, fabrication, installation of machinery, etc. are anticipated to provide employment to local contractors, as well as vendor, material suppliers, etc. Therefore, positive impact anticipated on the socio-economic environment during the construction phase of the project.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-4

Chapter IV

4.3 OPERATION PHASE: AIR POLLUTION

4.3.1 Transportation

Transportation activities cause air pollution through vehicular exhaust, dust from roads, loading-unloading of material, etc. In present case, raw material transport such as sugar cane is done through bullock cart and tractors. Bagasse will be used as a fuel and will be from captive (sugar mill) source. Molasses will be raw material for distillery and it will be made available from the sugar mill. Other raw material such as urea, de-foaming chemicals, sulfur, etc. will be purchased in bulk and thereby daily transportation will be avoided. Therefore, transportation of raw material anticipated to have minor negative impact on air quality. Transportation of finished products i.e. sugar as well as RS/ENA or AA usually takes place in bulk. Considering the gross collective capacity of storage tanks (12 numbers) 6,000m3 it will require about 400 tankers (considering each tanker of 15m3 capacity). In addition, the pressmud will be transported in bulk through tractors and dumpers up to compost yard. Sugar is also sold in auction at periodical interval. Therefore, transportation of the same will also be in bulk (not on daily basis). Hence, this is anticipated to cause increase in particulate matter and NOx, particularly during the period/days of transportation. Vehicles of employees and visitors will be a regular source of emissions. The project is going to provide new employment to approximately164 persons, in addition there will be some contractual or seasonal employees. The project is located in rural area, where people prefer two wheelers (motor cycles, scooters, etc) to commute. Hence, about 95% of such vehicular emissions are anticipated from two wheelers (~350 per day) and remaining 5% due to passenger cars and other types of vehicles (~4-5 per day). Therefore, transportation activity of the proposed project is anticipated to cause increase in vehicular emissions. The impact will be at periodic interval for short term and beyond 10 km study zone.

4.3.1.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures

 Asphalted roads are provided inside the premises, which will be extended as per the requirement (in proposed expansion)  Provision of adequate parking space for goods as well as staff vehicles  Engage authorized transport agency for goods transport on the term to use well maintained vehicles for all transportation activities  While bulk transportation of raw material/finished product, manage the vehicles in such a way that on-site waiting period for vehicles will be minimum. This will help in reducing the risks of traffic congestion, minor accidents and overall air pollution.  Provision of separate entrance and exit lanes/gates for vehicles

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-5

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 Strict prohibition on washing and maintenance of vehicles on site or in parking area  All roads with street light and proper signage at strategic locations  Main gate/s with 24x7 security arrangements

4.3.2 Manufacturing process

The manufacturing process is likely to generate two forms of air pollutants i) from burning of fuel to generate steam and ii) from processes

4.3.2.1 Emissions due to burning of fuel

Bagasse will be the main fuel and biogas from primary treatment of distillery spentwash will be theauxiliary fuel. Bagasse is a byproduct of sugar unit. Both bagasse as well as biogas are renewable energy sources. Use of renewable energy sources over fossil fuels is encouraged all over the world. Biomass energy is carbon neutral. The analysis of bagasse is given as bellow.

Table 4.1: General characteristics of bagasse

Parameter Value (in %) Carbon 40-45 Hydrogen 2-6 Oxygen 40-45 Nitrogen 0.15-0.20 Moisture content 50% Ash content 1.5 - 2.00% Sulphur <0. 02 Calorific value 2,250 kcal/kg

Bagasse analysis report shows that the elements such as nitrogen and sulfur are present in trace quantities. Thus, the generation of sulfur-dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen due to combustion of bagasse are anticipated to be very low. Flue gasses generated due to burning of bagasse will produce ash. Therefore, particulate matter is considered as the main source of air pollution.

Estimated ash generation from the project is as follows.

Sugar cane crushing season 6,000 TCD Bagasse required to generate 2400MT steam per day 1091 TPD (generally observed bagasse to steam ratio 1:2.2) Total Ash generated @2% 21.82 TPD

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-6

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In case of fuel bagasse, fly ash generation is usually 70% of total ash generated. Venturi wet scrubber is installed to control fly ash, which will be entrapped and collected as slurry. Bottom ash 6.546 TPD Fly ash generation 15.274 TPD Fly ash controlled by wet scrubber @95 % 14.51 TPD Fly Ash emission 0.763 TPD (8.83g/s)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): (Only bagasse used as fuel) Bagasse required to generate 2400MT steam per day 1091TPD Sulphur dioxide emissions 0.4364 TPD (5.05g/s) (Sulfur content in bagasse 0.02%) Apart from this, trifling fugitive dust emission due to opening and leaks in duct and manholes and also from ash handling operation at unloading and transfer point are the minor pollution sources.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Another source of air pollution could be the SO2 formed due to burning of biogas in the sugar factory boiler. The H2S present in the biogas will release the sulphur; that will react with the oxygen present in the air to form SO2 the reaction will be as follows.

2H2S + 2O2 SO2 + 2H2O + S ------(Equation 1)

2(2+32) + 2(16) (32+32) + 32 + 2(2+16)

68 + 64 64 + 32 + 36

Estimated Biogas production (Considering COD 1,20,000 mg/liters) = 11,700 m3/day

General composition of biogas produced from distillery spentwashis Methane (CH4)-

64%, Carbon dioxide CO2-34%, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)Max- 02%

Amount of H2S from 18,190 m3 Biogas = 363.8 m3/day OR

(Considering the density of H2S =1.539kg/m3) = 559.9kg/day

As per equation I – 68 gm of H2S combustion required 64gm of oxygen i.e. 94% of total volume. 559.9 x 0.94 = 526.3 kg oxygen required

Since the amount of Oxygen required = amount of SO2 generated

Total SO2produced = 526.3 kg/day = 21.92 Kg/h

Thus, SO2 Emission will be 6.09 g/seconds

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-7

Chapter IV

The quantity of ash generation, particulate matter and SO2 emission during off-season – considering bagasse along with biogas (subsidiary) as a fuel.

Bagasse requirement for distillery to produce 8TPH steam 87.27 TPD Bagasse saved during off season due to use of biogas 37.3 TPD Biogas generation 18,190 m3 per day 1000m3 of biogas = 2.05MT of bagasse Total bagasse required 50 TPD Ash content @2% 1 TPD Bottom ash 0.3 TPD Fly ash generation 0.7 TPD Fly ash controlled by wet scrubber (considering efficiency 95%) 0.665 TPD Fly Ash emission 0.035 TPD (0.4g/s)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Bagasse required 50 TPD Sulfur content in bagasse 0.02% 0.01 TPD Sulphur dioxide emissions from burning of bagasse 0.23 g/s Sulphur dioxide emissions from burning of biogas 6.09 g/s

Max. Total SO2 emissions 6.32 g/s In case of NOx, there are mainly two opportunities for NOx formation. They are:

1. Thermal NOx - The concentration of “thermal NOx” is controlled by the nitrogen and oxygen molar concentrations and the temperature of combustion. Combustion at temperatures well below 1,300(C (2,370(F) forms much smaller concentrations of thermal NOx 2. Fuel NOx - Fuels that contain nitrogen (e.g. coal) create “fuel NOx” that results from oxidation of the already-ionized nitrogen contained in the fuel.

Theoretically, Nitric oxide (NO) is generated to the limit of available oxygen (about 200,000 ppm) in air at temperatures above 1,300°C (2,370°F). At temperatures below 760°C (1,400°F), NO is either generated in much lower concentrations or not at all. In case of bagasse fired boilers, the temperature usually observed is around 850-10000C, mainly due to high moisture content of bagasse (~50% moisture). This temperature is much lower for formation of NO, which is usually formed above 13000C. However, as a worst case scenario it is assumed that the NO formation may take place at 50% rate. Secondly the bagasse analysis data shows that, the N percentage is less than 0% which is in the range of 0.10 to 0.20%. Therefore, an average of 0.15% of N content is considered while calculating NO emissions in the present case. Thus, the second probability of fuel NOx becomes insignificant.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-8

Chapter IV

4.3.2.1.1 Dispersion modeling for air pollutants

The impact of proposed project on ambient air quality of the study zone was studied with the help of simulation studies. This helped to understand probable incremental concentration of particulate matter (PM10) and Sox generated from burning of bagasse and biogas. Presently the sugar mill is operating two boilers (72 + 32 TPH) of total capacity of104TPHwith wet-scrubber as air pollution control equipment and 65-mtr height stack. The same will be used for proposed expansion. During cane crushing season, the distillery unit will use low pressure exhaust steam from the captive steam turbine generator unit of the sugar mill. No additional fuel will be burnt for steam generation during season. Flue gases will be released through stack of 65 m height. Wet scrubber is installed on existing boilers, which is >96% efficient to trap particulate matter. During off-season, the steam requirement (8TPH) will be fulfilled from existing 32TPH boiler. Therefore, during cane crushing season emissions of pollutant will be almost same for particulate matter, as in the existing situation. The baseline air quality data presented in chapter

III (Table 3.9) reveals that PM10 values observed at all locations were within NAAQS. However, increase in SO2 emissions is anticipated due to use of biogas. Prediction of impacts on air environment was carried out employing mathematical model - AERMOD view dispersion model 9.2 software developed by Lakes Environment Software, Canada. This model was used for simulations from point sources. Modeling has been done considering boiler as source and it is at center of grid for prediction of pollutant. The micrometeorological data collected from site during summer season, used as input data. For the site-specific mixing heights, CPCB document PROBES/88/2002-2003 referred. The dispersion model input data is given in table 4.2 Table 4.2: Dispersion Model Input Data Parameters Unit Stack Attached to Boiler Stack height m 65 Stack diameter at exit/top m 3 Stack exit gas velocity m/s 8 Stack gas temperature at exit Deg. C 140 Fuel (Bagasse) requirement TPH 45.45 Ash content of bagasse % 2 Emission rate of SPM* g/s 8.83

Emission rate of SO2# g/s 5.05

Emission rate of SO2## g/s 6.32 * After fly ash removal efficiency of pollution control equipment (wet-scrubber) 95% # Sulphur, considered 0.02% in bagasse

## SO2 emissions from burning of biogas and bagasse during off-season

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-9

Chapter IV

Figure 4.1: Isopleths showing incremental ground level concentration of particulate matter (Short Term 24 Hourly) during cane crushing season

Figure 4.2: Isopleths showing incremental ground level concentration of SO2 (Short Term 24 Hourly) during cane crushing season

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-10

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Figure 4.3: Isopleths showing incremental ground level concentration of SO2 (Short Term 24 Hourly) during off-season – bagasse + biogas as a fuel

4.3.2.2 Prediction The predicted results with baseline concentrations are given below in Table 4.3 while incremental dispersion trend is shown as isopleths in Figure 4.1, 4.2& 4.3. Table 4.3: Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC's Description Concentration µg/m3

PM SO2 Maximum rise in GLC During season 1.48 0.84 During off-season Minor 1.24 Direction of Occurrence and distance W (0.8 Km)* W (0.8 Km)* Coordinates of maximum GLC 180 36’ 20”N 180 36’ 20”N 740 43’ 06” E 740 43’ 06” E Baseline Concentration reported nearby GLC 53.02 19.91 (at 0.5 km NW) (Patethan) (Patethan) Total Concentration (Post project scenario) 54.50 21.15

NAAQS PM10 100 80 *The distance is measured from stack to the receptor of maximum GLC

* The baseline concentration (98th percentile) recorded at station Patethan at 0.4 km, is the nearest to the incremental GLC site

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-11

Chapter IV

a. Observation The results of mathematical modeling of air pollutant dispersion (for particulate matter and SO2) indicate that incremental concentration at ground level of these pollutants will be within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for residential & rural areas. Other major observations of dispersion modeling study are as follows.  Maximum increase in the concentration of PM will be 1.48g/m3 and SOx by 1.24g/m3towards west at approx.0.8 km distance from stack; This area is predominantly occupied by agricultural vegetation  Nearest residential area is village Patethan towards NW at ~2 km from site  From the results derived from the mathematical modeling study, it is observed that resultant concentration of these air pollutants in downwind direction will be well within the national ambient air quality standards prescribed by CPCB in Nov. 2009. 4.3.3 Other sources of air pollution

Processes: Fermentation process produces carbon dioxide (CO2). It is anticipated that, 42 TPD of CO2 will get produced from the distillery unit (@ 55 KLPD capacity). This CO2, will be of biological origin, i.e. liberated from an agro-based waste material. Hence, it is assumed to be neutral for GHG and therefore a minor source. In addition to this, composting process for the disposal of spentwash and ETP process will produce CO2 and methane. Therefore, these processes will be carried out in aerobic conditions to maximum extent. This will help in reducing generation of methane and CO2. Biomethanation process of spent wash disposal will produce, methane along with carbon dioxide. This methane (biogas) will used as a fuel for boiler. Sulphitation process generates sulfur dioxide in minor quantities. Fugitive dust/particulate matter: Fugitive sources will be mainly, from vehicular movement and bagasse storage. Bagasse will be transported to boiler through closed conveyers, hence fugitive dust will be negligible. Bagasse will be utilized immediately and thus minimum stock will be maintained. Towards end of the crushing season, all bagasse will be properly bailed and stacked. Odor is anticipated mainly due to storage of spentwash and partly from composting activity Preventive, control and mitigation measures  Use of bagasse and biogas as a fuel which is renewable energy sources  Increasing green belt by 2.5 acres around the process unit  Methane produced from biodigester will be used as a fuel; flare unit is an alternate arrangement when it will not be used as a fuel; in any case, methane will not be released directly into the atmosphere  Fermenters will be closed

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-12

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 Composting will be done aerobically using turning machines  Ash slurry as well as bottom ash will be used to mix in compost since bagasse ash is rich in potash or will sold to bricks manufacturer 4.3.4 Impact assessment Air quality: Air dispersion modeling study shows that, there PM concentration will increase by

3 3 1.48g/m and SO2 concentration by 1.24g/m near the project site. The resultant ground level concentration (after adding incremental load) anticipated to be within NAAQS. Minor negative impact is anticipated due to stack gas emissions and transportation activities of the proposed project. Ecology and biodiversity: Minor negative impact is anticipated on avi-fauna due to stack gas temperature (approx 90oC), and on flora/plants in close vicinity of the project due to dust (particulate matter). Human health: Probability of respiratory or similar disease due to proposed increase in air pollutant is very rare, unless the person/s get exposed, beyond TLV. Manmade environment: Dispersion modeling study indicates that pollutant levels will be within NAAQS during operation phase of the project. Thus, impact on manmade environment is presumed to be negligible. 4.3.5 Noise The principle sources of noise are boiler, STG and machinery (mainly motors and pumps). Additionally, handling of bagasse is also considered as a noise source. Noise generated in the boiler and STG section will be localized & confined because it will be under shed/covered area. Thus, generated noise will be localized. Control measures to maintain noise level within the standard limit (of 75dB (A) for day time and 70 dB(A) for night time) are as follows.  The rotating equipment to be maintained by periodical oiling and/or greasing  Installing machines and equipment of standard make as well as using spare parts of standard make (complying with IS or other international standard)  DG set from a manufacturer that meets CPCB’s criteria for noise  Developing greenbelt or barriers to reduce noise levels The project involves transportation of raw material (sugar cane) finished products (Sugar and alcohol) and to some extent press mud, which is likely to increase daily vehicle density by 30- 40% in the existing load. It was observed that, during peak period, the vehicle density on main road i.e. is around 450 vehicles per day. This road connects to Pune- Hyderabad national highway on one side and Pune-Aurangabad state highway on the other side. Therefore, this minor increase will easily get accommodated. Thus, this additional load of transportation will not cause any traffic congestion. Considering this, it is anticipated that the project will cause

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-13

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minor negative impact due to noise, particularly during bulk transportation of products along the transport routes and in the work premises. 4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1. Preventive, control and mitigation measures

Spentwash of 440 m3/day (8 L/L of alcohol) will first treated in bio-digester to produce biogas from this organic rich wastewater followed by this it will be sent to multi effect evaporation unit to reduce its volume from 440m3 to 88 m3. Then it will be sent to bio-composting process where it will be mixed with pressmud (a solid waste from sugar mill) to produce compost; thus achieving ‘zero liquid discharge’ for this highly polluted entity. Spentwash storage lagoons and the compost yard will be constructed as per CREP guidelines (Refer figure 2.11 to 2.14 of chapter II pp. 2.37 to 2.39)

CPU Treatment as per following: About 350 m3/ day of condensate will generated from MEE unit. The condensate will be cooling through sprinkling in 150 M3 capacity tank. Followed by enzymatic reaction. Treated condensate will be utilized for cooling tower makeup and molasses dilution.

4.4.1.1 Reuse of water (after proper treatment)

Wastewater due to cleaning and washing, spentlees and condensate water will be treated in CPU. This unit will comprised of cooling followed by enzymatic reaction. Treated water of 352 m3 per day will be used for dilution of molasses, cooling tower make up, irrigation, or cleaning activities, etc.

4.4.1.2 Recycle of water: Blow down water from boiler and cooling tower will be cooled in ponds and recycled thereafter.

4.4.1.3 Conservation of water: Rainwater harvesting practice is accepted by industry to improve the ground water aquifer and partly fulfill the requirement during startup of industry.

4.4.2 Impact assessment Water availability: Permission is available with the factory to draw water from Bhima river. This water is reserved for industrial activities. Hence, no negative impact on demand of other users in normal situation. Further, reuse and recycle of water will save significant amount of freshwater intake.

Water/aquatic environment: No negative impact is envisaged on water environment as well as aquatic ecosystems of the surrounding area due to achieving ‘zero liquid discharge’ for distillery unit as well as for sugar unit (by use of ETP treated water for own agricultural plots and gardening). Negative impact is envisaged in case of accidental leakages and spillages of

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-14

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spentwash. In such circumstances, severity of impact depends upon nature and magnitude of the accident.

Air environment: minor negative impact due to odour of spentwash and due to generation of

methane and CO2 from composting process

Soil Environment: Due to impervious lagoon and compost yard, probability of soil pollution/ground water contamination due to percolation of spentwash is negligible. Hence, no negative impact is anticipated. The compost prepared from spentwash, pressmud and solid waste filler material will help to recycle soil nutrients, thus positive impact is anticipated.

Sugar mill effluent will also be treated properly in ETP and reused mainly for irrigating own agricultural plots and watering the greenbelt. All effluents will be transferred through proper drainages or impervious pipelines. Therefore, probability of soil contamination due to effluent/wastewater from the project is negligible.

Ecology and biodiversity: No negative impact is anticipated, composting process usually attracts avi fauna due to availability of micro-organisms as a food, thus increase in bird diversity is anticipated from composting process for spentwash disposal.

4.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT Table 4.4: Solid Waste and its Management

4. Oil & Grease 4-5 KL Remove by oil Use for boiler - skimmer Distillery Unit

1. Yeast Sludge 50 Composting Used as manure/soil Organic enriching material 2. Boiler Ash 157 --- Sold to the brick Inorganic (off season of manufacturing unit sugar) 3. Sludge from bio- 70-80 Mixed with bio- digestors, compost 4. Distillery CPU 20 Composting Used as manure/soil Organic

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-15

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Sludge enriching material 5. Spent oil from 0.1-0.2 KL - Spent oil will be - DG set burnt in boiler

4.5.1 Preventive, control and mitigation measures

Press mud cake (filter cake) generated in the sugar unit will be used in the composting process of distillery, hence it is not considered as a waste but a by-product. Therefore, main solid waste from the project will be ash generated due to burning of bagasse, sludge from fermentation unit, biodigester, ETP/CPU. Of these material, ash from bagasse is usually rich in potash and hence, it will be mixed with compost for disposal. Sludge generated from various above mentioned units will be organic in nature and therefore, it will also mixed with compost for safe disposal.

Packaging material and similar type of waste will be given to recyclers, according to its nature. Such material will not be burnt in open or disposed off anywhere on land.

4.5.1.1 Hazardous Waste

The only hazardous waste likely to be generated in the project will be the scrap oil from DG set. However, the DG set will be used only in case of total power failure i.e. captive as well as failure of power supply from Electricity board. Thus, the quantity of used or scrap oil is assumed to be very minor. This waste oil can be disposed off safely by giving it to authorized hazardous waste oil dealer. Alternatively, it can be used as a fuel for the boiler along with bagasse during startup phase.

4.5.2 Impact Assessment

Soil Environment: no negative impact is envisaged on soil due to solid waste. Bio-compost produced from spentwash-pressmud and mixing of degradable solid waste will have positive impact on soil. Organic carbon and soil nutrients will get recycled by the process.

Ecology and Biodiversity:No negative impact envisaged due to safe disposal of solid waste; enhancement in micro-flora due to compost is anticipated.

Water environment:No negative impact envisaged due to safe disposal of solid waste.

4.6 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

Generally, an impact of industrial activity on ecology and biodiversity is observed due to following major reasons.

 Tree cutting/ removal of vegetation  Habitat destruction/disturbance  Disturbance to wild life and threat to rare, endangered flora and/or fauna  Pollution

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-16

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In case of proposed project, no tree cutting or habitat destruction is involved. There is no national park or sanctuary or biosphere reserve in 10km as well as 25km radius of the site. Rare, endangered species of plants or animals are not recorded from the region.

In the following part, likely impact or cause of impact is discussed considering the site specific conditions and facts. 1. Impact on terrestrial ecosystem a. Habitat alteration

Proposed project is dependent upon agriculture for raw material i.e. sugar cane. Molasses, bagasse and pressmudare by-products of sugar mill which directly depends on cane availability. With reference to Table 2.1 and 2.2 (Chapter II)it is observed that in normal rainfall situation, adequate amount of cane is available to sugar mill. The management of SMSKL is encouraging local farmers to increase yield and thus, achieve sustainable cane availability. Therefore, there is no need of converting other land (pasture, grassland, fallow, etc.) into agricultural land. The only possibility is that, the area under cane may get increased or decreased depending upon the rainfall and water availability through irrigation schemes. Thus, issue of wild habitat alteration is envisaged to be insignificant.

Proposed project involves installation of few types of machinery in sugar and distillery unit as well as modify the ancillary setup as per the requirement. This will be done on an open land available within the existing sugar factory premises. Thus, habitat alteration is also anticipated to be negligible and its impact on the ecosystem at site and surrounding will be insignificant. b. Habitat disturbance i) Transportation- Wildlife as such is very limited and it comprised of common species which are usually observed in the vicinity of residential area(Refer annexure for details of flora and fauna). Traffic density in this area is also very limited.Thus, minor negative impact is envisaged in the form of disturbance due to increase in the transportation (and noise associated with it). This impact will be localized. It will be comparatively high during cane crushing season. ii) Odour- Odour is anticipated mainly from spentwash storage. Spentwash is having sweet odour, which is not obnoxious or repellent as such. This odour may be sensed in roughly 4-5 km radius. Village and population density in this area is limited and hence, disturbance due to odour is envisaged to be minor.

Preventive measure: Use only existing road network. Don’t construct any new road/s. This will help in preventing ecological disturbances in the area.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-17

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2. Impact on aquatic environment a. Due to water drawl-SMSKL has permission of Irrigation Department to lift the water from Bhima river.Due to recycling of water and use of ETP/CPU treated water, fresh water requirement of the proposed project will be reduced to maximum possible extent. Thus, existing permission is adequate to fulfill the requirements of proposed project. It will not draw any additional fresh water from any other source/s. Therefore, negative impact on aquatic and terrestrial fauna due to water drawal by the project is envisaged to be insignificant. b. Due to discharge of pollutants-Generally, air, water pollutants and solid waste are the major causes of ecosystem degradation and/or disturbance due to an industry. In case of air pollution, fly ash gets released through stack gases is likely to get settled mainly in 2-3km radius area and this may cause adverse impact on flora. In this case, the air dispersion modeling study reveals that the ground level concentration of PM (during operation phase) in ambient air will remain within the NAAQ standard limits(Refer fig. 4.1-4.3 and table 4.3).Dispersion modeling study concludes that the maximum increase in particulate matter after proposed expansion will be of 1.48µg/m3. This increase is very negligible. The factory maintains its air pollution control system regularly. Therefore, there were no complaints from farmers of the neighboring areas for falling of ash. Hence, this micro increase in the concentration of suspended particles is envisaged to have no negative impact on the health of human, vegetation as well as animals.

In the existing distillery unit, spentwash - highly polluted wastewater - is treated by biomethanation followed by multi-effect evaporation process and finally disposed-off through composting process. Other wastewater from distillery such as spentlees and condensate are treated in existing ETP/CPU. Treated water is reused in the process or cooling purpose to maximum extent and remaining water is used for greenbelt. Treatment facility will be modified suitably for the proposed expansion. Similarly, in case of sugar unit, effluent generated is mild in nature as compared to distillery. This effluent is gets treated in the sugar ETP. Treated water as well as spray pond overflow are used for irrigation purpose (own plots). Considering these existing practices, wastewater will not be released into any of the ground or surface water bodies. Hence, it is envisaged that, air and water pollutants from the proposed project will have no negative impact on surrounding ecosystem.

The wastewater generated will be treated and recycled/reused for greenbelt, which is anticipated as positive impact for the conservation of resource as well as efficient utilization of it. Solid waste generated in the project i.e. bagasse ash, sludge from ETP, fermentation unit and biodigester are organic in nature and ash is rich in potash. It will be mixed with biocompost and added to soil. Thus, nutrients will get recycled and soil enrichment will take place. This is

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-18

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anticipated as another positive impact on the land and surrounding eco-system. Large numbers of microorganisms, worms and insects gets developed during composting process. These elements attract birds and reptiles. Thus food chain/web gets strengthen due to the process, which will be another positive impact. The factory has developed greenbelt for existing unit and thus, biodiversity is established in the premises. This greenbelt will be enhanced by 2.5 acres in proposed expansion project. Thus, it will provide food and shelter to many faunal elements. It will also help in improving the aesthetics. This is another positive impact anticipated due to the project. 3. Impact Due to Project Lighting The project is expansion of existing sugar and distillery units. These units are operated under a covered area similar to workshop. Therefore, lighting arrangements are simple and light penetration is mainly confined to industrial premises. The road lights and lighting near ancillary units is mainly to avoid accidents but it is normal and not glaring or intense. There are plenty of open spaces and tree barriers in the surrounding. These precautions will help in reducing adverse impact.

In the study area, wildlife is very limited. According to local villagers, there is no sighting of apex carnivores such as leopard, hyena, fox, jackal, etc. Amongst herbivores domestic animals and wild hares are common. Presence of deer and antelope family members is not reported in the study zone. It is envisaged that the light arrangements of the proposed project will have minor impact on the movements of nocturnal animals as well as on plants in the close vicinity of the project.

Overall Preventive, control and mitigation measures

 Greenbelt development  Adherence to zero liquid discharge and safe disposal of solid waste  Adequate measures to prevent, control and mitigate air, noise pollution

Impact Assessment

Minor negative impact is anticipated from following activities.  Due to particulate matter emissions from stack and vehicles, impact on flora in the close vicinity of the site and along the transportation route  due to thermal pollution from flue gases, localized impact on avian fauna Positive impact is anticipated from following activities.  Increase in the greenbelt - helpful to maintain and enhance the biodiversity  Composting process, for enhancing soil micro flora as well as supporting food chain

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-19

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4.7 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project is going to be beneficial in following ways  The project is agro-based.Sugar cane is cultivated and supplied to the mill by approx. 3,500-4,000 farmers; these families will be directly benefitted due to the project. These farmers will get more value per ton of cane, which is a direct monetary benefit.  Approximately1200-1500 laborers involved in cane cultivation, will be indirectly benefitted through the project.  These farmers will receive the bio-compost produced in the distillery at concessional rate.  The project is going to generate about 164 direct employments for skilled and semi- skilled workforce available locally.  The proposed project will preferably employ local labor for various works during construction as well as operational phase. It is expected that about 40-50 labour will be get employment during construction phase and nearly 100 labour will get contractual/seasonal employment in the sugar and distillery (after expansion) during operational stages.  These employees as well as cane harvesting labour receive insurance cover for medi- claim and accident  Thus, roughly 6,000 families will be directly benefited due to the proposed project  By utilizing the available resource i.e. land, water, molasses and bagasse, the sugar factory will generate additional revenue.  Proposed project will help to improve financial stability for the factory, which will be a ‘win-win’ situation for both, local cane growers as well as the management  As a policy the factory will preferentially select local candidates for permanent employment. Therefore, it is anticipated that number of persons likely to migrate to this place will be very limited. Available infrastructure is adequate to accommodate this minor increase in the population due to the project. Thus, it is presumed that local existing infrastructure and natural resources won’t be under stress due to such increase in population.  The factory has made adequate provision of land for the proposed project. The site is within the existing factory premises, no rehabilitation or restoration issues involved.  Since establishment of the sugar mill and distillery, there is a tremendous improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the locals. Major activities implemented by factory are mentioned in chapter III. According to which the mill has paid more attention on developmental activities that directly beneficial to all farmers and sustainable agriculture in the area. The mill has shown equal seriousness in

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-20

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careful utilization of available water resource. All these activities indicates factory’s commitment for social and economic sustainable development of the region. Considering the long term benefits to the locals and no issues of rehabilitation or restoration involved with the project, it is anticipated that project will have immense positive impact on socio-economic environment of the region. 4.8 IMPACT ON PHYSIOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND HYDRO-GEOLOGY (DRAINAGE)

The land is already under the possession of the sugar mill. As mentioned earlier, no draining is passing through existing or proposed site. Therefore, construction will take place without disturbing or altering any natural drainage. Proper storm water drainage system is in place and the same will be extended for the proposed expansion. Hence, the project will not contribute for water logging or flooding in rainy season. The project doesn’t involve any blasting or deep excavation work or mining of any minerals. Therefore, it is envisaged to have practically no negative impact on geology of the region. Minor negative impact is envisaged due to change in physiography of the site.

4.9 OTHER IMPACT: TRAFFIC

During operation phase, the transportation activity is likely to get increased. However, availability of adequate and proper road infrastructure in the area, this increase is anticipated to have any impact leading to long term traffic congestion. Details of peak hours traffic at project site is explained in Table 3.21 of Chapter III.

4.10 SUMMARY

Minor negative impact on air environment and ecosystem of the surrounding region is envisaged due to the proposed activity. Also, negligible impact on physiography of the site is envisaged. At the same time, the major positive impact of the project is generation of employment and social development in this region. Ethanol (fuel alcohol) is important for nation to reduce import of crude oil. Important negative as well as beneficial impacts of the project are summarized in Table 4.5.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-21

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Table 4.5: Summary of Impact Assessment and Environment management plan proposed for the respective aspect Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legisla Concern Business Significance tive of opportuni Assessment concer intereste ty (Y/N) n d parties X Y Z F Total # (Y/N) (Y/N)

Burning of fuel – Air Normal Levels of PM, SOx Workers, Yes No No 2 2 4 5 80 bagasse and pollution: (in a and NOx villagers, biogas – for Contaminati situation anticipated to agricultural generate on of when increase and wild process steam ambient air APC marginally but vegetation, due to system will be within domestic and emission of works NAAQS – minor wild animals Particulate properly impact on matter (PM), ) workers health if SOx and NOx continuously get through exposed to PM stack Level of PM Workers, Yes No No 4 4 2 3 96 Abnorm anticipated to be villagers, al high – moderate agricultural impact on human and wild health till the vegetation, situation returns domestic and to normal; wild animals significant impact on plants; minor impact on terrestrial fauna Emerge Level of PM Workers, Yes Yes No 5 5 2 2 100 ncy anticipated to be villagers,

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-22

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Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legisla Concern Business Significance tive of opportuni Assessment concer intereste ty (Y/N) n d parties X Y Z F Total # (Y/N) (Y/N)

very high agricultural Significant impact and wild on human health vegetation, as well as plant domestic and (particularly wild animals crops) Handling of Air Normal Levels of PM Workers Yes No No 3 2 4 5 120 bagasseand ash pollution: anticipated to within increase in increase, mainly at premises particulate workplace matter due to fugitive emissions Vehicular Air Normal Increase in air Residents Yes Yes Yes 3 5 4 4 240 emissions pollution: pollution due to along the Due to increase in the roads, vehicular vehicle number workers emissions plying on the within the mainly of roads factory Particulate premises, and matter (PM), vegetation NOx, HC along the road Pollution due to Odour of Normal Nuisance -mainly workers Yes Yes No 3 4 4 5 240 odour spentwash disturbance within the from storage factory lagoons premises, villagers and

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-23

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Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legisla Concern Business Significance tive of opportuni Assessment concer intereste ty (Y/N) n d parties X Y Z F Total # (Y/N) (Y/N)

animals in the close vicinity Operation of Noise and Normal Impact on health Mainly Yes No No 4 1 4 5 80 machineries vibration: of workers due to workers of the and equipments mainly noise continuous factory for process generation exposure to due different levels of operationsof noise machinery Transportation Noise and Normal Impact on health Mainly Yes No No 3 5 4 4 240 vibration– of workers and workers and Mainly noise residents along the residents from the road due to along the vehicles exposure to noise roads Fresh water Fresh water Normal No impact Villagers in Yes Yes No 2 5 3 3 90 utilized for availability envisaged as the the vicinity, process for other water drawl will domestic users from be from Bhima animals the existing river- with water source permission Abnorm Other users may Villagers in Yes Yes No 5 5 3 3 225 al get affected in the vicinity water scarcity and domestic situation (drought animals condition) Wastewater/effl Water and Normal No negative Waterbodies Yes Yes No 2 3 3 4 72 uent generation soil impact is in the nearby

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-24

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Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legisla Concern Business Significance tive of opportuni Assessment concer intereste ty (Y/N) n d parties X Y Z F Total # (Y/N) (Y/N) from various pollution: envisaged on areas, project Contaminati surrounding residents, activities, its on of surface aquatic ecosystem domestic and handling, or ground and soil health; as wild animals treatment and water, measuresin disposal Contaminati practice and on of soil proposed are adequate Emerge Probability of Villagers in Yes Yes No 5 5 3 2 150 ncy contamination the vicinity, will be and impact domestic on aquatic and/or animals, water ground water bodies in the and/or terrestrial vicinity ecosystem would depend upon the degree of contamination Construction of change in Normal Change in Vegetation No No No 4 1 5 5 100 various units land use topography of the existing on the site, site, birds and animals, villagers in the vicinity Solid waste Water and Normal In normal Waterbodies Yes No Yes 2 3 3 5 90 generation from soil situation, no and soil in the process pollution: negative impact is nearby areas,

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-25

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Activity Aspect N/AB/E Impact Receptor Legisla Concern Business Significance tive of opportuni Assessment concer intereste ty (Y/N) n d parties X Y Z F Total # (Y/N) (Y/N)

Contaminati envisaged on residents, on of surface surrounding domestic and water, ecosystems; as wild animals Contaminati measures on of soil practiced and proposed are adequate Process and Risk and Emerge Negative impact Workers, Yes Yes No 5 3 2 3 60 allied activities Hazard ncy envisaged villagers, such as vegetation at transportation, site and storage, surroundings, treatment and wild fauna disposal Socio- Normal Positive impact is No Yes Yes 4 5 4 5 400 economy envisaged due to employment generation, recycling of nutrients from waste

X= severity (very low (1), low (2), moderate (3), high (4), very high (5); Y = area – coverage within premises (1), close vicinity outside premises (2), up to 3 from project boundary (3), 3-5km from project boundary (4), and >5km from project boundary (5)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-26

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Z = Duration (very short (1), short (2), medium(3), medium to long (4), prolong periods (5); F = Frequency -remote(1), rare (2), intermittently (3), frequently (4), daily (5)

Highest score = 625; considerable impact score: >310 (considering 50% of highest score)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 4-27

Chapter V

Chapter V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 ALTERNATIVE SITE

The proposed project is expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and distillery unit from 30 to 55 KLPD. The mill already possesses adequate land i.e. 77 acres of which 7.5 acres is allocated for the new set up as well as its ancillary units such as pollution control system, greenbelt, etc. Considering this fact, the point of alternative site search becomes insignificant.

5.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The process of manufacturing sugar from sugarcane and alcohol from molasses is almost a set process; there are no major alternative technologies available at present in this sector. Hence alternative technology for manufacturing is not discussed.

5.3 EFFLUENT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

The main area where alternative technologies are available is the effluent treatment. Sugar and allied distillery industry is an agro based industry that generate effluent (wastewater) loaded with organic matter. If this effluent discharged in the environment without any treatment or insufficient treatment, it causes soil pollution as well as ground/surface water pollution. Since this is an expansion project, the existing effluent treatment plant for sugar effluent will be upgraded to make it suitable for the additional effluent generation hence alternatives for sugar effluent treatment are not necessary.

The distillery effluent is presently treated by biomethantion followed by evaporation followed composting. It is planned to use the same technology for additional spentwash generated. The distillery has compost yard of 5 acres which is sufficient to treat the effluent generated. Hence, discussion of alternative in this case is also not necessary

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 5-1

Chapter VI

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental monitoring helps to create a baseline for the impact of industrial pollutants in the air, land and water. Significant short and long-term impacts of industrial projects and the effect they may have on a given area can be determined through regular sampling and analysis of air, water & soil samples. Monitoring is important for the control of pollution since the efficiency of control measure can only be determined by monitoring. The regular monitoring of environmental parameters is essential to assess the status of environment during project operations. Regular monitoring network will be implemented to maintain the environmental quality within the standards. SMSKL already has a full-fledged laboratory and technical manpower for this purpose. The same can be extended to the proposed expansion project since all activities are within the existing premises.

6.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of air, water/wastewater, soil, noise etc. is essential. A separate Environment Management Cell under the direct control of the Chairman and Managing Director will look after the effluent treatment facility to monitor and control the environmental quality. The composition of the environment management cell is given in Table 6.1. Members of the cell should be well qualified and experienced in the concerned field. Presently, the environmental cell has 2 persons in the sugar mill and 2 persons in the distillery who look after the effluent treatment plant/effluent treatment system and related issues. Some experienced people from the existing staff as well as appointment of a few new people will be made to take care of the additional burden expected due to the proposed expansion of both sugar and distillery units. Routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. will be carried out in the laboratory of sugar mill. However, for additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of MoEFCC approved or NABL accredited laboratories can be hired.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-1

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Table 6.1: Composition of Environment Management Cell Particular Number Chairman/Managing Director One Chief Executive Officer One Environment Officer Two Environment Chemist One Monitoring Staff One ETP/biogas Lab Chemist Two ETP Operators Six Safety Officer One Supporting Staff Two

Chairman & Managing Director

Chief Executive Officer

Process Manager Distillery Manager Work Manager General

Manager

Environment Officer

Environment Chemist Monitoring Staff

ETP Lab Chemist

ETP Operators

Figure 6.1: Schematics of Environment Management Cell

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-2

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6.2.1 Monitoring Plan

6.2.1.1 Water Environment  Water samples from bore well/s located towards downstream of compost yard should be collected and analyzed periodically  Spentwash as well as compost samples should be analyzed periodically  Characteristics of inlet and outlet of ETP, should be collected and analyzed as mentioned frequency in Table 6.2  Water Cess should be submitted to Pollution Control Board as per the schedule  Environment Statement Reports also to be filed as per the schedule prescribed by Pollution Control Board  For some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature, etc. and for additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc. services of reputed laboratories approved by NABL or MoEF&CC New Delhi - under EPA 1986, could be hired. 6.2.1.2 Air Environment  Stack monitoring, Ambient air monitoring to be done from NABL/MoEF&CC approved laboratory as per CPCB guidelines  In addition, ambient air quality to be tested in upwind and down wind direction/near max GLC once in a quarter 6.2.1.3 Noise Environment  Noise measurement should be done within factory premises and if required at location such as nearby residential area, school, dispensary etc. as per the frequency mentioned in Table 6.2  Noise should be monitored at free field at 10 m from the equipments whose noise level are being determined  In case of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, control measures should be followed as suggested in EMP 6.2.1.4 Soil Environment  Soil should be monitored at areas where treated water is used for irrigation as well as at where compost applied for soil conditioning  Soil should be analyzed for parameters such as pH, alkalinity, organic carbon, available N,P,K etc during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon season each as per standards for agriculture  Control Measure: At location of increased pollution levels; source shall be identified and shall be diverted from future disposal

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-3

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6.2.1.5 Other Conditions Table 6.2: Analysis of environmental parameters and its reporting schedule # Particulars Parameter Frequency#

1. Stack Emissions Particulate matter, SO2 Monthly

2. Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx Monthly 3. Inlet and outlet of pH, BOD, COD, SS, TDS, Oil & Monthly polishing unit Grease etc. 4. Bore well /ground pH, COD, BOD, Total solids, Quarterly/Monthly

water sample nearer to Chlorides, Sulphate, Phosphates, compost yard and Calcium 5. Noise monitoring Noise levels measurement at high Monthly noise generating places as well as sensitive receptors in the vicinity 6. Analysis of ready bio- Moisture, Organic Carbon, and C:N Each batch of compost compost ratio, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, etc. 7. Occupational health Health and fitness checkup of Quarterly employees get exposed to various hazards All other staff (except above) Once a year including contract and casual labours # Follow the consent condition, if consent conditions are different from recommended frequency  Periodical analysis of raw and bio-methanated spentwash Table 6.3: Suggested schedule for maintenance of wastewater treatment unit # Part See (*) Frequency 1. Bearings See temperature Daily Change grease Bi-monthly 2. Gland Change packing Bi-monthly/as required 3. Indicators Pressure gauge, vacuum gauge Tri-monthly 4. All type valves Change packing Six-monthly 5. Impellor Check all blades, sleeves, Yearly, change if required bearing, impel nut check 6. Electric motor Open side doors, blow dust, Monthly check air gap 7. Motor winding Blow off dust, test insulation Bi- Yearly 8. All hand carts, wheel Grease wheels Monthly barrows Change rubber tyres Six-monthly if required

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-4

Chapter VI

9. Gear box Oil level Check every week, replenish tri-monthly 10. Scraper shoe Tighten nut bolts, change Tri-monthly broken-bent members, change leather-rubber shoes 11. Central turn table See oil level Weekly Check chain of sprocket, steel Yearly balls, gear 12. Aerator See oil and grease Weekly Painting-coating blades Yearly (*)As applicable to the unit 6.2.3 Flow Measurement Water required for process, boiler, cooling, molasses dilution cleaning and domestic purpose needs to be measured by installing flow meter at source. Quantity of sugar effluents, spentwash, minor or moderately polluted effluents generated also need to be measured with the help of V- notch or flow meter. Table 6.4a: Format for Water Consumption Reporting Schedule- Sugar mill

# Particulars m3/hr m3/D m3/A 1. Boiler makeup 2. Injection channel / spray pond makeup 3. All water cooling system makeup 4. Body cleaning 5. Floor washing 6. Laboratory use 7. Sanitary Requirement 8. Domestic Use for Colony Total 9. Water consumption per ton of sugar production 10. Power consumption for water lifting, KWH 11. Expenses for  Electricity (Rs.)  Water Cess (Rs.)  Water Bills (Rs.) 13. Expenses on water per ton of sugar

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-5

Chapter VI

Table 6.4b: Format for Water Consumption Reporting Schedule- Distillery

# Particulars m3/hr m3/D m3/A 1. Dilution of Molasses 2. Distillation process, dilution for ENA 3. Cooling tower (CT) make-up for distillery 4. CT make-up for cooling spentwash for biogas plant 5. Boiler make-up 6. Floor washings sterilize 7. Sanitary Requirement 8. Domestic Use for Colony Total 9. Water consumption per KL of alcohol production 10. Power consumption for water lifting, KWH 11. Expenses for  Electricity (Rs.)  Water Cess (Rs.)  Water Bills (Rs.) 13. Expenses on water per liter of alcohol

Table 6.5a: Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting Schedule- Sugar Mill # Particulars Today (m3) To date (m3) A. Liquid Waste 1. Effluent generation 2. Spray pond overflow 3. Process condensate 4. Any other B. Solid Waste 5. Sludge from ETP 6. Ash 7. Any other C. Hazardous Waste 8. Hazardous waste from process 9. Hazardous waste from ETP 10. Any other

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-6

Chapter VI

Table 6.5b: Format for Pollutant Generation Reporting Schedule- Distillery

# Particulars Today (m3) To date (m3) A. Liquid Waste 1. Spentwash generation 2. Spent lees generation 3. Process condensate 4. Any other B. Solid Waste 4. Bio-methanated sludge 5. Sludge from CPU 6. Ash 7. Any other C. Hazardous Waste 8. Hazardous waste from process 9. Hazardous waste from ETP 10. Any other

Table 6.6a: Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule- Sugar Mill

# Particulars Disposal method Today (m3) To date (m3) A. Liquid Waste 1. Effluent 2. Spray pond overflow 3. Any other B. Solid Waste 4. Sludge from ETP 5. Ash C. Hazardous Waste 8. From process 9. From ETP 10. Any other

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-7

Chapter VI

Table 6.6b: Format for Pollutant Disposal Reporting Schedule

# Particulars Disposal method Today (m3) To date (m3) A. Liquid Waste 1. Spentwash Disposal 2. Treated effluent from CPU 3. Any other B. Solid Waste 4. Bio-methanated sludge 5. Sludge from CPU 6. Ash 7. Any other C. Hazardous Waste 8. From process 9. From ETP 10. Any other

Table 6.7: Format for Biocompost Reporting Schedule # Particulars Opening Received Received to- Consumption Closing balance today date / Sale balance 1. Spentwash 2. Press mud 3. Culture 4. Ash 5. Bio-sludge 6. Biocompost 7. Any other

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 6-8

Chapter VII

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

(SAFETY, RISK, DISASTER MANAGEMENT& PUBLIC HEARING)

7.1 SAFETY

Definition: Safety is the state of being “safe”, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable.

The factory is proposing the following safety policy, which indicates the sincere commitment of the factory towards safety at work place.

 We have an idea that human life is precious  We give priority to our production process as a safety, health and pollution free environment  In our opinion, the accident is an avoidable event  We are always careful to avoid accidents  We are committed to covering the safety in the factory carefully  We have made adequate organization to carry out all the above responsibilities

7.1.1 Goals/Targets of Safety

 Accident prevention  Accident control  Protection of human health/life  Protection of material and property  Protection of environment  All workmen as well as staff of the factory are committed to safe work environment and hence they follow the basic principle of ‘safety first’.

The safety department of the factory is responsible for creating safe environment at workplace. They are also responsible for creating and maintaining awareness on safety aspects at factory premises. This is achieved by regular training programmes, display of posters and notices at strategic locations, arranging documentary film shows related to safety, on job training, daily safety round, recommendation for corrective action, etc. The Department has formulated safety procedures and rules, depending upon the nature of work carried out at respective location.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-1

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These procedures allow the safety personnel to periodically inspect equipments such as safety guards, cranes, lifting tackles, etc. He also inspects the certificates of fitness of the equipment. In addition to this, each year employees has been rewarded for best safety suggestion.

As a result of excellent housekeeping and safety practices, the factory could able to achieve, zero fetal as well as near miss accidents for last five years and has not lost a single hour due to accidents. However, the factory has well laid procedure for accidents, which is as follows.

7.1.2 Procedures in case of accident

 According to the procedures, when an accident occurs at any place of the factory, respective shift in-charge immediately fills the accident report form. In the next step, this form is sent to respective Head of the Department who signs the form and submits it to Managing Director (MD), who communicate it to the Government Authority/ies. MD also initiates the process of investigation under the supervision of safety officer. Root cause of accident is determined and suitable preventive/corrective action is drawn. MD approves the findings of the investigations and corrective/preventive action plan is submitted to respective Head for implementation.

Accident Shift in-charge

Head of the Department

Managing Director

Safety Officer

Government Authorities

Figure 7.1: Schematic of procedure in case of accident

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-2

Chapter VII

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Generally, risk associated with industrial processes can be defined as a measure of probability of harmful event such as death, injury, loss, etc. arising from exposure to chemical or physical agent may occur under the specific conditions of manufacture, use or disposal. Risk is a mathematical product of hazard and exposure. This relationship can, be expressed in the following simple formula.

Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

Multiplying any number by zero results in a product of zero, which means that an extremely hazardous substance can be present with little risk of adverse effect, if handled safely under proper conditions then the ‘exposure’ component of the risk equation is driven towards zero. Similarly, the hazard component can be reduced to zero even if there is a high probability of exposure, by changing the process design, substituting less hazardous commodity, using a lesser amount of a chemical, etc. and the recognition of vulnerability as a key element in the risk equation has also been accompanied by a growing interest in linking the positive capacities of people to cope, withstand and recover from the impact of hazards. It conveys a sense of the potential for managerial and operational capabilities to reduce the extent of hazards and the degree of vulnerability, which derives the total equation of risk towards zero.

Risk assessment is concerned with determining those factors which are especially dangerous and determining the likelihood of unacceptable toxic exposure. Risk should be assessed against defined limits of exposure, established on the basis of tests under appropriate conditions. Risk Management – a decision - making process to select the optimal steps for reducing a risk to an acceptable level. In the industrial context, it consists of 3 steps: risk assessment (evaluation), emission and exposure control, and risk monitoring.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-3

Chapter VII

7.2.1 Hazard Identification 7.2.1.1 Broad Categories of Hazard

To help with the process of identifying hazards it is useful to categorize hazards in different ways like by topic, for example:

a. Mechanical b. Electrical c. Thermal d. Noise and vibration e. Material/Substances f. Fire and explosion a. Mechanical Hazard It mainly involves properties of machine parts or work pieces, such as: a. Faulty design (Shape): It may cause injury to workman b. Relative location: Confined location during repairs & maintenance c. Mass and stability: May cause physical injury d. Inadequacy of mechanical strength e. Accumulation of energy inside the equipment: steam/ air /water pressure cause injury to workman f. During commissioning, operation and maintenance following hazards are anticipated. Crushing hazard, shearing hazard, cutting or severing hazard, entangling hazard, friction or abrasion hazard and high pressure ﬂuid injection or ejection hazard. b. Electrical Hazard Probable incidences for electrical hazards, could be a. Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact), b. Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) c. Approach to live parts under high voltage d. Electrostatic phenomena e. Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particles and chemical f. Effect of short circuits, overloads, etc identified during construction, production and maintenance. c. Thermal Hazard Probable causes of thermal hazards are -

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-4

Chapter VII

a. Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extremely high or low temperature, by flames or explosions and also by radiation of heat sources b. Damage to health by hot or cold working environment c. Thermodynamic hazard such as overpressure, under pressure, over-temperature, under-temperature need to be avoided by providing system management d. Hazard generated by noise & vibration In the proposed project, probable source of noise are – boilers, steam turbine generators and transportation of bagasse on conveyer belts, motors, loading of bagasse, etc. Usually prolong exposure to high noise level, results into 1. hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorder (e.g., loss of balance, loss of awareness) 2. Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. In the proposed project the hazard due to vibrations could be due to - 1. Use of hand-held machines resulting in a variety of neurological and vascular disorders 2. Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor postures e. Hazards generated by materials/substances 1. Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids such as: anti rusting chemicals, cleaning agents/acids/organic solvents gases, superheated steam through leaks and bagasse dusts 2. Fire or explosion hazard—dry bagasse 3. Biological or microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards: -Workplace exposure to dusts from the processing of bagasse can cause the chronic lung condition pulmonary fibrosis. During work activities following hazards could occur -

i. Slips/falls on the floor level ii. Fall of persons from height iii. Fall of tools, materials, etc. from height iv. Inadequate headroom v. Hazards associated with manual lifting/handling of tools, material, etc vi. Hazards from plant and machinery associated with assembly, commissioning, operation, maintenance, modification, repair and dismantling vii. Vehicle hazards, covering both on-site transport and off-site travel by road viii. Fire and explosion ix. Violence to staff

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-5

Chapter VII

x. Substances that may be inhaled xi. Substances or agents that may damage the eye xii. Substances that may cause harm by coming into contact with, or being absorbed through the skin xiii. Substances that may cause harm by being ingested (Entering the body via mouth) xiv. Harmful energies (for example, electricity, radiation, noise, vibration, etc.) xv. Non-compliance of regulation xvi. Inadequate thermal environment (for example too hot temperature) xvii. Lighting levels xviii. Inadequate guard rails or hand rails on stairs xix. Subcontractors’ Activities

7.3 Probable Risk Factors (Associate with the Industry) Following scenarios fall under maximum credible accident scenario • Fire in fuel storage yard (bagasse yard) • Fire and explosion at storage yard (molasses and alcohol storage tanks) • Fire due to short circuits • Injury to body and body parts (mechanical) 7.3.1 Fire in fuel storage yard This is the most common accident known to occur in any plant, while storing and handling fuel. Usually, such incident takes sufficient time to get widespread. Enough response time is available for plant personnel to get away to safer distance. An elaborate fire hydrant network and firefighting system comprising of trained crew and facilities will mitigate the risk of such incidents. In addition, as per requirement fire alarm system and smoke detectors have been installed (in the existing unit). The storage area is most vulnerable for fire and includes storage tanks of alcohol and molasses. This is the most common accident known to occur in any plant, while storing and handling fuel. Since such incident takes sufficient time to spread, enough response time is available for plant personnel to get away to safer distance. An elaborate fire hydrant network and firefighting system including trained crew and facilities will be provided to mitigate the risk of such incidents. In addition, as per requirement fire alarm system and smoke detectors will be installed.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-6

Chapter VII

Table 7.1NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION) Rating

NFPA Ratings Chemical Health Hazard Fire Reactivity Ethanol 2 3 0

(Least-0, Slight-1, Moderate-2, High-3, Extreme-4) Gas holder  Pressure in gas holder should be always more than 100 mm.wg. If pressure falls below the biogas blower should be switched off and isolating valve in ﬂare line should be closed.  Moisture eliminator is provided at inlet & outlet of gas holder. These should be drained at least once in a day to drain the water.Drain valve should be operated such that it is closed tightly before gas can escape.  In case of maintenance of gas holder, on roof top should be opened and gas holder should be properly purged before starting maintenance. Gas mask should be used for entering the gas holder.  Continuous water supply to gas holder should be maintain for providing water seal. Gas Handling System  Gas Blower is provided with flame proof motor, cable connection should be maintained accordingly  Safety valve on blower discharge side should be properly adjusted to provide desired gas  Moisture is likely to collect in the gas pipe line to Boiler. Drain points should be provided at interval and drained at least once in a day. Precaution should be taken while operating drain valve so that gas does not escape while draining water  Flame arresters provided in the gas line should be cleaned periodically so that gas pressure at boiler end is maintained  At the time of lighting the burner, if burner does not light up within 15 to 20 sec. close the shut off valve in gas line, and purge the furnace before trying to light up burner again  Do not light up burner from hot brick work. 7.3.2 Mechanical injury to body parts

In a plant, there are several places where workers are likely to be involved with accidents resulting in injury to body parts. The places are workshop, during mechanical repair work in different units, during construction work, road accidents due to vehicular movement, etc.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-7

Chapter VII

 Workers exposed to mechanical accident-prone areas are using personal protective equipment. The non-respiratory PPE includes tight rubber goggles, safety helmets, welders hand shields and welding helmets, plastic face shields, ear plugs, ear muffs, rubber aprons, rubber gloves, shoes with non-skid soles, gum boots, safety shoe with toe protection. All safety and health codes prescribed by the BIS will be implemented.

Table 7.2: Hazardous areas in a molasses based distillery attached to sugar mill.

# Hazardous Area Likely Accident 1 Boiler Explosion 2 Turbine room Explosion 3 Electrical room Fire and electrocution 4 Bagasse yard Fire 5 Alcohol storage tank Fire 6 Biogas holding tank Fire

Figure 7.2: Bagasse yard with fire extinguishing system

7.3.3 Mitigation Measures for Fire Hazards

A. Storage

 Alcohol (RS, ENA or AA) and molasses will be stored in leak-proof MS tanks, gauges of MOC will be strictly as per IS or relevant standards

 Storage area will be well ventilated with adequate spacing between units

 Lightening arresting system

 Provision of alcohol vapor condensation system EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-8

Chapter VII

 Strictly declared ‘No Smoking Zone’ and prohibition of use of any ignitable material (e.g. even cell phones, etc.)

 Electrical fittings of good quality that comply national or international standards

B. Firefighting system

The mill management is vigilant on the issues of safety of workers and plant. It has planned following firefighting system for the proposed distillery unit

a. Guidelines ofOISD-STD-117 will be implemented

b. Lightening arresting system for the plant as well as storage

c. Alcohol vapors condensing system for storage tanks

d. The fixed water spray system will be provided on all tanks; fire water flow rate will be calculated at a rate of 25 lpm/m2 as per OISD-STD-117

e. Fire water system will be designed for a minimum residual pressure of 7 kg/cm2(g) at hydraulically remotest point in the installation considering single largest risk scenario

f. Water for the firefighting will be stored in easily accessible surface or underground tanks of RCC/steel with minimum four hours aggregate rated capacity of pumps.There will be one or two standby diesel engine driven pumps of the same type, capacity & head as the main pumps will be provided; Jockey pump (one in number -AC motor driven) for maintaining pressure

g. Hydrant system covering the entire plant including all important auxiliaries and buildings is proposed. The system will be complete with piping, valves instrumentation, hoses, nozzles and hydrants, valves etc.

h. High velocity water spray system near storage tanks i. Portable extinguisher such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide type and foam type will be located at strategic locations throughout the plant j. The diesel engines will be quick starting type with the help of push buttons located on or near the pumps or located at a remote location. k. Portable foam and/or water-cum-foam monitors will be provided for suppression of pool fire in tank farm area. l. Fire water pumps & storage will be located at 30 m (minimum) away from equipment or where hydrocarbons are handled or stored. m. Fire water pumps will be exclusively used for firefighting purpose only n. Fire water mains, hydrant & monitor stand posts, risers of water spray system will be painted with “Fire Red” paint as per IS: 5.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-9

Chapter VII

o. Hose boxes, water monitors and hydrant outlets will be painted with “Luminous Yellow” paint as per IS: 5 p. Electric audible fire siren will be to the farthest distance in the installation and also in the surrounding area up to 1 km from the periphery of the installation that will sound differently with respect to shift alarm with continuous power supply q. Communication system like Telephone, Public Address System, etc. to be provided in non-hazardous areas of the installation r. Concerned officer/employees will be trained to handle the firefighting system

7.3.4 Boiler Operations

1. Provision of adequate sets of Personnel protective equipment's

2. Pilot lights will be provided on electrical panel boards

3. Provision of hand operable firefighting cylinders at strategic locations

7.4 QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Table 7.3 Probability of occurrence of hazard Probability Number Causes/ Incident 1 Very unlikely (e.g. once in 10 yrs) 2 Remote (e.g. once in 5 years) 3 Occasional (e.g. once in a year) 4 Probable (e.g. once in a month) 5 Frequent or more often

Table 7.4: Severity - Impact Intensity 1 Minor Failure results in minor system damage but does not cause injury to personnel, allow any kind of exposure to operational or service personnel or allow any release of chemicals into the environment 2 Major Failure results in a low level of exposure to personnel, or activates facility alarm system 3 Critical Failure results in minor injury to personnel exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation, or fire or a release of chemical to the environment 4 Catastrophic Failure results in major injury or death of personnel

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-10

Chapter VII

Calculation of Risk assessment and mitigation measures Risk = Probability x severity If, there is a probability number of any particular cause/incident is 1 and its severity is minor then, Risk involved in the hazard is 1x1 = 1 Whereas, If, there is a probability number of any particular cause/incident is 5 and its severity is catastrophic then, Risk involved in the hazard is 5x4 = 20 Thus, the Risk of those hazards scoring 20 are defined and considered as ‘Non-acceptable Risk’. Mitigation measures or operational control procedures required for such hazards identified is given below in Table 7.5. Table 7.5: Mitigation measures for identified hazards # Hazard Probability Severity Mitigation Measure

Mechanical Hazard 1. Physical injury to Frequent Minor Use PPE/PPA hand/legs, body Once per month parts or more often during process 2. Burst of molasses Remote Catastrophic Layers of Protection tank area (LOPA)

3. Boiler Explosion Remote Catastrophic Layers of Protection

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-11

Chapter VII

# Hazard Probability Severity Mitigation Measure

area (LOPA) 4. Fingers nipping in Probable Major Fixed /Movable between moving Once per year Guards at probable part. Eg. Belt sites

5. Steam pipe leakages Frequent Major Proactive Once per month Maintenance/PPE or more often 6. Working on height Probable Critical Work permit system Impact /falling down Once per year Life belts/Helmet 7. Water feeder pump Occasional Critical Alarming/communica failure Once per 10 tion arrangements years

Electrical Hazard 8. Contact of persons Occasional Major PPE/PPA/Permits with parts which Once per 10 have become live years under faulty conditions (indirect contact) 9. Approach to live Occasional Catastrophic Guards/ parts under high Once per 10 authorization voltage years Enter Restriction 10. Electrostatic Remote Major Earthling, avoid Dust phenomena Explosion 11. Thermal radiation or Probable Major PPE/Checking other Short circuits, Once per year /Inspection overloads, etc. Thermal Hazard 12. Burns, scalds and Occasional Major Safe working other injuries by Once per 10 distance/PPA/protect steam years ive dress code

12. Damage to health by Frequent Critical Minimum exposure hot working Once per month Ventilation/Humidity environment or more often control

Hazard generated by Noise 13. Belt movement, Frequent Critical Confinement of Pump/Motor, Turbo source, generator Use Ear Muff/Plugs

Hazard generated by Vibration

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-12

Chapter VII

# Hazard Probability Severity Mitigation Measure

14. Whole body vibration, during Remote Major Engineering solutions working on feeder platform

Number of Accidents *Reportable* under the Factories Act, Assessment Period 1948(Including accidents to workers employed by Contractors, Vendors, Transporters and Visitors) 2016 2015 2014

1 Fatal000 Nil Nil Nil 2 Total Permanent Disability 000 Nil Nil Nil 3 Non-Fatal (Excluding item #5.2) 000 Nil Nil Nil 4 Weighted Accident Frequency Rate (WAFR) [{10(Item #5.1 + 5.2)+ Item #5.3}] × 108 Nil Nil Nil = Number of Total man-hours worked (as in item #3.2C)000

Hazard Warning Information for Ethyl Alcohol

SECTION I Product Name Ethyl Alcohol Synonyms Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol Chemical Family Alcohol Molecular Weight 46.07

Formula C2H5OH

Health Fire Reactive Other Degree of Colour Coding Other Codes Hazard

0 3 0 - 0 = Minimum Health = Blue Ox = Oxidizer

1 = Slight Fire = Red Acid = Acid

2 = Moderate Reactivity = Alk = Alkaline

3 = Serious Yellow COR = Corrosive

4 = severe Other = White W = No use water

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-13

Chapter VII

SECTION II – INGREDIENTS

Composition Cas Rn. Nominal PEL/TLV Hazard Wt/Wt% Ethyl Alcohol 64-17-5 100.0 1000 ppm Flammable/Nervous System Depressant

PEL = Personal Exposure Limit TLV = Threshold Limit Value 7.5 MITIGATION 7.5.1 Basic Design of The Sugar Unit While designing the plant, ensure maximum plant load factors. The plant cycle should be optimized to give the best efficiency. The success of the sugar & cogeneration plant depends on this "basic design". Plant layout is a part of the basic design and is very important from the point of view of operability and maintainability of the plant. The plant and equipment should be so laid out that there is optimum routing of piping, cables and conveyors. New boilers will be designed as per IS standard. Pilot lights will be provided on electrical panel boards. SMSKL will provide hand operable firefighting cylinder at strategic location viz. power house, control panel room, PRDS section etc. 7.5.2 Steam Generating System Some fine tuning is required in the areas of excess air control and un-burnt carbon loss control. Feed water quality control is an area needing attention and this is separately dealt in the detailed project report (technical report). 7.5.3 Turbo Generator System Problems in maintaining the steam purity in the boilers affect the turbine with deposits on the blades. The major contaminant is silica that gets carried over as vapor as the operating pressure of the boiler increases. There could be some problems of vibration and failure of bearings. These could be due to-initial problems in the lube oil system, and these could be resolved by having proper pre- commissioning checks. Another problem observed usually in some industries is of exhaust hood spray falling on the blades and causing vibration. This is mainly due to a misdirected spray nozzle in the exhaust hood. Proper designing will resolve such problems. 7.5.4 Bagasse Handling During the cane crushing season, the plant receives bagasse directly from the mill, and the surplus bagasse is taken to the yard. The bagasse thus saved will be used for the off-season operation of the cogeneration plant, or could be used to run the cogeneration plant on the

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-14

Chapter VII

cleaning days or when the mill is not running due to some other reasons. Under such circumstances, back feeding of the bagasse from the yard to the boiler has been provided. 7.5.5 Milling Section Milling section, where the juice is extracted from the cane, is the most important section of sugar mill. This is where the bagasse is prepared as a fuel, and the moisture in the bagasse controlled to a value of around 50%. If there are problems with this section, the moisture content in the bagasse could go high and the bagasse will not be prepared well for handling and combustion. Other points related to milling section are the use of optimum imbibition’s and the use of electric or hydraulic drives for the mills.

7.5.6 Controls & Instrumentation

Being the most important subject from the point of view of operation and maintenance of the sugar &distillery plant, this subject deserves a lot of attention. Distributed Control System (DCS) is the order of the day.

7.6 RISK MITIGATION MEASURES: FIRE HAZARD

In view of vulnerability to fire, effective measures have been considered to minimize fire hazard. Fire protection is envisaged through hydrant and sprinkler system, designed as per the recommendation of Tariff Advisory Committee of Insurance Association of India / Loss Prevention Association of India. For detection and protection of the plant against fire hazard, any one or a combination of the following systems will protect susceptible areas: a. Hydrant system b. High velocity spray system c. Portable fire extinguishers d. Fire alarm system The existing firefighting system is as per National Code/standards (for Factories), the details of which are as follows. 7.6.1 Fire Fighting System While designing, the firefighting system, various vulnerable locations in the Unit, probable causes & chances of occurrence of fire, its class etc. has been considered in-depth. The sugar factory has developed an excellent set up for firefighting. It is having a dedicated fire fighting vehicle and operating staff in all shifts.

7.6.1.1 Fire Extinguisher 7.6.1.2 Classification of Fire Class (A): Fire involving combustible materials like wood, paper, cloth and bagasse etc.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-15

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Class (B): Fire due to liquid materials like oil, diesel, petroleum products and all inflammables. Class (C): Fires involving domestic and industrial gases like butane and propane etc. Class (D): Metal fires, etc. Class (E): Electrical fires due to short circuiting, etc. The factory has installed fire extinguishers, in the entire premises. Each extinguisher is properly numbered and placed at required location according to its type. These locations are painted with yellow and white bands, for an easier identification. These extinguishers are checked periodically and sent for refilling immediately after its expiry. In order to know which type of cylinder to be used in respective fire, boards have been displayed at several locations in the factory.

7.6.1.3 Use of Fire Fighting Equipment Most of the workers have been trained with respect to nature and utility of firefighting equipment, its type and class of fire for which it is to be used. They also perform mock drills to handle disaster situation such as fire. 7.6.1.4 Fire Evacuation The factory has provided multiple exits to main building for easy and fast evacuation in case of emergency. These exists are properly displayed using glow signs. Fire doors have been provided in the corridors of buildings. Contact numbers in case of emergency are displayed at various locations. In case of fire, a control room has been provided at ground floor at safe locations. Provision has been made for alternate power supply for pumps, lights and other emergency machineries. As described earlier, a dedicated tank has been provided which is available around the year. Fire alarm, fire extinguishers, hydrant and pumps are properly maintained. Pumps and extinguishers are checked for desired pressure. The entire factory premises have been declared as ‘No smoking zone’ and this is strictly implemented. All lobbies, staircases and open spaces are kept free from scrapped material such as packaging boxes, used files, waste papers, and broken furniture such as chairs, tables and cupboards as well as similar fire catching material. Office buildings, work places, storage areas as well as parking places have been designed thoughtfully, so as to use natural light and ventilation to maximum extent. The factory follows best housekeeping practices to keep workplace neat and clean.

7.6.1.5 Procedure For In Case Of Fire In case of fire, an alarm is pressed that gives signal to all staff as well as workers. It is advised, not to be panic in such situation and follow the procedure as laid down and for which they have been trained. In brief, the procedure is as follows -

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-16

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All the machineries located near fire place are shut downed immediately including EOT cranes. The workers are suggested to vacate the area immediately. While vacating the area, it is advised to walk and not to run (specially using staircases) and not to push each other. Vacate the premises through safe exits which are away from fire and assemble at the place defined as ‘assembly point’.

7.6.1.6 Ventilation

Proper ventilation must be provided both in sugar and distillery unit. Since, adequate natural ventilation is available at site, the mechanical ventilation is presumed to be minor or less significant. However, if mechanical exhaust ventilation needs to be provided, it should be to the order of 1 cfm/sq.ft. or floor area (0.3 m3/min.m2) by fans of adequate capacity having their suction intake located near floor level to ensure a sweep of air across the entire area. 7.6.1.7 First Aid

A first aid center with adequate facilities should be provided at the site. It should be maintained round the clock by trained personnel.

Important standards to be followed are -

1. Fire Protection  IS 2189: Standard for automatic fire detection and alarm system  IS 2190: Code of practice for selection and maintenance of first aid fire extinguishers  IS 3844: Code of practice for installation and maintenance of internal fire hydrants and hose reels  IS 6382: Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system – fixed, design and installation 2. Occupational Health And Safety  IS 4489: Code of practice for occupational safety and health audit 3. Electrical Risk  Hazardous area classification based on IS 5572  Selection of electrical equipment for hazardous area based on IS 5571  Lightning protection system based on IS 2309  NFPA 70 B Recommended practice for electrical equipment maintenance  NFPA 70 E Standard for electrical safety in employee work places 4. Process Safety Management  Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP)  Failure Tree Analysis (FTA)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-17

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 Event Tree Analysis (ETA)  Primary Hazard Analysis (PHA)  Risk Assessment with risk ranking technique 5. Electrical Risk Assessment  Review of Hazardous area classification  Lightning protection risk assessment  Identification and control of electro-static hazards  Review of electrical preventive maintenance system  Electrical risk assessment (Fire, shock, explosion) using semi-quantitative risk ranking (SQRR) technique 6. Fire Risk Assessment  Identification and assessment of fire risks at receiving station/s, storage, transfer and handling of materials such as raw material, fuel, finished products  Identification and control of ignition sources in areas where flammable materials are stored/handled/transferred  Review of fire detection measures adopted in the plant and to suggest suitable improvement measures  Review of various active (fire hydrant, sprinkler, portable fire extinguishers) and passive fire protection requirements for all work places and suggest improvements as necessary  Review of contractor safety awareness (firefighting, emergency communication, knowledge of plant hazards and safety regulations) and to recommend suitable improvement measures to enhance safety  Review of safety awareness and safety training requirements (training identification and efficacy) of employees with respect to hazards

The consequences, likelihood and exposure of each hazard are arrived using a systematic approach and will help to determine the relative importance of hazard and focus on significant risks.

7.7 Other Measures

Other mitigation measures include:  Emergency shutdown system  Pumps of reliable quality will be installed  Lightening protecting system as per Indian Electricity Rules

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-18

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 Power cables, control cables, instrumentation cable, thermocouple extension wire will be complying IEEE fire tests as defined in IEEE 422  Keeping safe distance between fuel storage area and main unit  Corrosion protection methods for pipelines  All locations where the above pipelines are close to traffic movement, protection like crash guards should be provided

7.8 SAFETY ORGANIZATION The organizational set-up to carry out the declared policy for Health, Safety & Environment matters and in particular, the arrangements which have been made to implement the policy will be as follows: -

 The overall responsibility for Health, Safety & Environment will be that of a "Occupier”  The Works Manager will have the overall responsibility for the operations in the factory.  All the Department Heads will be responsible for implementation of this policy in their respective areas of the operations. They will be accountable for the safety performance in their area and due weightage will be given to this performance in their career planning appraisal.  Safety Department will plan and administer the Safety Programme and Activities and assist and advice on implementation of the Programme. The implementation will be through Line Management.  Maintenance Department will be responsible for maintenance of machines and equipment, inspection and testing of various equipment, guards, operation and Maintenance of Effluent Treatment Plant and Pollution Control Equipment as prescribed. Proper record of these activities will be maintained. Proper intenance schedule will be drawn and strictly followed.  All employees have the responsibility and obligation to co-operate with Supervisors and Managers to achieve the Safe and Healthy Working Environment, and to follow all Safety Rules, Procedures, Systems and Practices including use of Safety Equipment and to take reasonable care for the Safety and Health of themselves and their colleagues. These have been enumerated in the Safety Manual of the Company.  In order to ensure that all Safety Rules, Procedures, Systems and Practicesincluding use of Safety Equipment are followed. Regular Safety Audits either internally or through external experts will be carried out.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-19

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 Communication between Management and Employees will be provided throughSafety Committees which will assist in propagating Safety and motivatingEmployees to achieve the objectives set-out in the Safety Policy.  Chief Security Officer/Fire Officer will be responsible for Inspection, Testing andMaintenance of all Fire Extinguishing Appliances and Fire Hydrant installationincluding record of such maintenance and for dealing with any fire emergencies.He will also be responsible for organizing Fire Drills and Emergency" Drillsparticularly for Security Personnel and selected persons from MaintenanceDepartment.  The Doctor will be responsible forOccupational Health & Medical Checksof Employees and remedial measures, as required statutorily and maintain up-to-date health record of such employees.  The Purchase Department will consider the safety aspect while purchasing plantmachine, equipment, material, etc. They will obtain and provide to the user plant,Material Safety Data Sheets while purchasing any chemicals. While procuringmaterial handling equipment, the Purchase Department will ensure that the necessary certificates regarding safe working load, etc, are made available.  The Contractors will be responsible for all safety measures related to their work.Contracting Departments will ensure compliance and supervision. It will beobligatory on all Contractors and Visitors to follow the existing Plant Safety Rules,Procedures, Systemsand Practices. They must start their work only afterreceiving proper instructions and permission.

7.9 ON - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN 7.9.1 Introduction

A major emergency in a work place is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury and or loss of life. In addition it may cause extensive damage to property and environment. The rapid growth in the use of hazardous chemicals in industry and trade has brought about a very significant increase in the number of people, both workers and members of general public, whose life could be endangered at any one time by an accident involving these chemicals. In addition, it causes serious disruption of activities both inside and outside the works. It would normally require the assistance of outside emergency services to handle it effectively. Although emergency may be caused by a number of different factors like, earthquake, vehicles crash, sabotage, it will normally be manifested itself in two basic forms, fire and explosions

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-20

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Scope

Prevention of accidents is possible to a large extent through good design, correct operation, periodic maintenance and routine inspection. Achieving all these will reduce the risk of an accident, but it will not eliminate it altogether absolute safety is not achievable, and an essential part of major hazard control, is concerned with mitigating the effects of a major accident. An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. recognizing that accidents are possible, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the emergency procedures, both onsite and off-site, that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency.

7.9.2 Objectives

The overall objectives of an emergency plan are to (1) Locate the emergency, if possible and eliminate it. (2) Minimize the effects of the accident on the people and property.

Elimination: It requires prompt action by operators / works, emergency staff, e.g. firefighting equipment, emergency shut off valves, water sprays. Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people being nearby.

7.9.3 Identification And Assessment Of Hazards • Fire & Explosion possibilities in Storage and Handling of fuel, Sugar Godown, Molasses Tank, Bagasse yard and Sulphur Godown, and alcohol storage area Statutory Requirement: Section 41-B (4) of the Factories Act 1948 stipulates that the occupier of the Factory engaged in a hazardous process shall draw up an on—site emergency plan and detailed disaster control measures for the factory and more known to the workers and the general public in the vicinity. This includes the safe measures required to be taken in the event of a major emergency taking place. Further an occupier of hazardous chemicals storage plant is to prepare an emergency plan as per Rule 13 of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules 1989. This plan shall incorporate the guidelines given by office of the Chief Inspector of Factories, and to be revised every 6 months to keep it in the latest form.

7.9.4 Emergency Control Centre Security Main Gate Office is chosen as the “EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE”. The emergency control center is the place from where the operations related to emergency are coordinated. The Emergency control center is suitably equipped to receive and transmit information and

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-21

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directions from the incident site and furnish useful data to other affected areas inside & outside works. The center shall contain the following information and facilities. 1) An updated copy of the ON—SITE EMERGENCY PLAN which gives the following information.  Master plan of the works showing different locations, where hazardous materials are stored/ processed.  Sources of Personal Protection Equipment, portable fire extinguishers, and other safety material.  Fire fighting system and sources of water. Mutual Aid system with other industries.  Plan of the works with safe distance areas, escape routes, assembly points.  Vicinity Plan of the area in which the industry is located.  List of key personnel and their telephone numbers.  List of Government officials, other areas of help — their telephone numbers 2) Updated Nominal roll of the employees and other visitors 3) Communication facilities like phones, mobile phones, walkie-talkie sets etc. 4) Standby power arrangements like— Generator –sets 7.9.5 Responsibilities of Works Manager 1. Prepare on—site emergency plan and revise it from time to time (once in 6 months) 2. Conduct regular mock drills 3. Educate / train all the employees regarding on-site emergency plan 4. Submit copy of “on—site emergency plan” and mock drill to Chairman / District Disaster Plan, Deputy Chief Inspector of factories Office. 5. Stock necessary PPE for firefighting. 6. Device data collection forms for collecting data during emergency. 7.9.6 Emergency Siren An emergency siren of minimum 500 Meter Capacity is installed for the purpose of alarming employees on emergency. It is located near the Security Main Gate or Emergency Control Room. The “CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER” will decide the operating controls at appropriate time.

The following information is given for the identification of various signals of the siren to the employees. Sr. No. Type of Siren Duration 1 Factory shift siren continuous for 30 seconds 2 In case of fire Special Hooter Siren 3 Emergency Siren for other Emergency Special Hooter Siren repeating TWICE 4 All Clear siren Continuous Siren for three minutes

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-22

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7.9.7 Wind Direction: For the purpose of identifying the wind direction WINDSOCKS are installed at company. The windsock is located on the roof of workshop. The WINDSOCKS bore distinct white & red stripes to attract immediate attention.

All the employees and visitors are requested to note the wind direction at the time of major incidents.

 Recommended Practice During Emergencies

There is an Assembly point located at Security Main gate for the purpose of assembly of the Non-Emergency employees and visitors in case of emergency. However, the KEY Emergency personnel will give appropriate guidance as and when situation warrants.

7.9.8 Organization Chart for Dealing Emergencies

CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER SITE INCIDENT CONTROLLER

Managing Director Safety Officer

LIAISON TEAM

Manager Personnel SAFETY & ENGINEERING TEAM Works Manager/Safety Officer

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION

FIRST-AID TEAM

FIRE & SECURITY/TRANSPORT Security Officer/Security Supervisors

FIRST INFORMER

Note: Each team will have a list of emergency personnel for dealing with the Emergency in their respective specialization

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-23

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7.9.9 First Information Any person, who notices an abnormality like fuming, fire in shall phone to the security / inform the security guard. He shall give his identity in case he contacts the security Main gate directly. 7.9.10 Brief Responsibilities 7.9.10.1 Chief Incident Controller  Declares emergency  Rushes to emergency control centre  Controls emergency by coordinating with site-incident controller  Communicates to external agencies through liaison team  Declares lifting of emergency 7.9.10.2 Site Incident Controller  Receives a call from security supervisor  After a brief visit to incident site, decides and advises chief incident controller to declare emergency.  Controls the emergency by coordinating various activities through his teams '  Advises to chief incident controller lifting of emergency  Reviews and prepares a detailed report on the incident and submits to “Chief Incident Controller” 7.9.10.3 Safety And Engineering Team  Device methods to isolate emergency and movement of people.  Provide necessary safety data to site controller  Provide required PPE.  Provide time to time information to site incident controller

7.9.10.4 First-Aid Team  Provide First-and /medical care to persons injured inside factory  Keep a lust of people sent for outside treatment and other welfare measures undertaken  Maintain the list of people inside premises and sent out including visitors  Provide time to time information to site incident controller 7.9.10.5 Fire Team, Security Team  Control the emergency by firefighting.Give a call tomutual aid if required.  Move people to safe areas specified by safety andengineering teams  Control the movement o‘ traffic at Gate  Provide time to tame information to siteincident controller

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-24

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7.9.10.6 Liaison Team  Provide important information to external agencies (Government Officials Press and Public) Take necessary guidelines from Chief Incident Controller 7.10 RESPONSIBILITY IN DETAILS 7.10.1 Chief Incident Controller  He will decide and declare emergency on the advice of ‘Site Incident Controller’.  He will advise to raise the emergency Siren to draw the attention of employees and contract workmen to follow emergency regulations  He will rush to emergency control center. (SECURITY MAINGATE)  He will decide calling off emergency on the advice of ‘siteincident controller’.  He will instruct to raise all clear siren to mark calling offemergency.  He will give guidelines to liaison team on sharing information togovernment officials**, press and general public.  He will have Time to Time interaction with site incident controller on dealing of emergency.  He will call a meeting of the Site incident controller andemergency teams to discuss and decide steps to restore normal working in the area of incident. He will also discuss on theincident report and decide remedies to be implemented to avoid its recurrence.  Instructions given by Site incident controller and respective teams.  **District collector, deputy. Directors of factories, Municipal commissioner, Police commissioner, chief Officer Fire brigade. 7.10.2 Site Incident Controller  On receipt of information from security office, he will rush to the site of incident / accident.  After assessing the situation, he will advice ‘Chief Incident Controller’ to declare emergency.  Coordinate the activities of various teams.  Give time to time feedback to ‘Chief Incident Controller’.  Formulate systems to collect data during emergency.  Isolate and take non-emergency employees to assembly point (safe location) through security team.  Cordon off the area through security team.  Regulate the traffic in main gate through security team.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-25

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 Keep the escape routes clear through security team.  Fight and control the emergency through fire team.  Discuss and decide measures to control / isolate appliances and power through safety and engineering teams.  Review at regular intervals on the availability of required PPE, Medicine and water for firefighting.  Record the directions given in specified formats.  Collect filled in formats from respective teams, prepare a detailed ‘incident report’ and submit the report to Chief incident controller.  To draw plans and assist Chief incident controller to restore normal working conditions. 7.10.3 Safety Team & Engineering Team  Act as per the directive of ‘site controller’.  Check direction of wind and decide assembly points for non-emergency employees.  Check availability of water, fire extinguishers and make arrangements for replenishing theme.  Discuss and execute isolation of equipment for localizing emergency i.e. combustibles storage locations.  Shift/cordon off flammable materials from the danger zone.  Put off power supply wherever not required.  Provide necessary personal Protective equipment like firefighting suits, gas masks, hand gloves, helmets, etc.  Keep a list of essential staff needed during emergency.  Record the activities in a specified format

7.10.4 Fire Team & Security Team  Inform site incident controller the incident and call him to site ofIncident  Act as per the directive of Site incident controller.  Rush fire—fighting team to site of incident and start fire-fightingoperation.  Rush security team to cordon off the incident site.  Move nonessential employees to assembly point.  Regulate the traffic at gates.  Keep the escape routes and roads free from obstruction.  Make transport facilities for transporting nonessential employees.  Keep list of essential staff needed during emergency

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-26

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7.10.5 First-Aid Team • Keep a detailed list of employees and contract workmen present in the premises for the day. Make arrangements for head count. • Offer first aid facilities to the injured and send to assembly point. • Recommend hospital treatment to the injured and inform the hospital authorities in advance. • Keep enough stock of medical equipment, drugs, and antidotes. • Give information to the families of the injured. • Make ambulance facilities for the injured persons and transport facilities to non— emergency persons. • Inform government authorities and fulfill statutory regulations. • Record the activities in a specified format. • Act as per the instructions of site incident controller. • Keep a list of essential staff required to assist during emergency. 7.10.6 Responsibility Of Non-Emergency Employees And Visitors • On hearing the emergency siren stop the work, put off the equipment wait for the instruction of shop in charge / supervisor • Leave calmly to the specified assembly point. • Don't block the emergency escape routes. • Don't spread rumors/ unnecessary information to public. 7.10.7 Key Emergency Personnel: Respective group leaders of the teams in the ON—SITE EMERGENCY organization chart.

7.11 OFF - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN Since the only hazard that expected in the distillery is fire and normally contained within the premises. In rare case if the fire hazard spreads out-side the premises respective group leaders shall communicate to the District Magistrate, Commissioner of the Police, Control Room and inform the situation as Off- Site Emergency. It shall be the responsibility of the Police Personnel to look after the law and order, traffic control, evacuation of workers and other personnel. They should also advise, through public address system, the localities that are likely to get affected and the steps to be taken.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-27

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Emergency Response Flow Chart Major Spills Yes Major Spill Occurs Verify identity of Corrosive spilled material Initiate emergency Flammable response action Use appropriate personal protective & Use appropriate

Notify area Remove sources emergency equipment personal protective & supervisor of ignition and emergency equipment incompatibles Contain Spills

Contain Spills Notify emergency

Coordinator Determine quantity & notify appropriate Neutralize with agencies appropriate agent Notify employees

Transfer to recovery containers Evacuate hazard area

Decontaminate spill area Obtain emergency medical assistance Label, store, dispose

of containers Summon On-Site

Emergency Team Signal end of emergency Can On-Site Emergency Team

contain emergency Restock emergency No suppliers Summon off site assistance Follow-up notifications

Notify appropriate Assess incident/ agencies revise plans

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-28

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Emergency Response Flow Chart Major Fire

Is there Fire Occurs  large quantities of materials, or No Minor fire  difficulty in containment, or Flowchart  a threat to the environment or  panic among employees

Evacuate Area

Shut Down Equipment Yes Contact medical personnel Are people injured?

Summon On-site Response Team Was hazardous substance No involved? Summon off-site assistance Can On-site response team contain fire? No Use correct protective equipment Risk of fire spreading to areas where hazardous Remove ignitable substance and those materials are located could cause heat-induces explosion No

Initiate fire fighting Risk of generating toxic fumes/or contaminated runoff? Containerizes fire debris

No Label, store, dispose of containers Hazardous material File written report with appropriate response not required agencies

Assess incident and revise contingency plan

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-29

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Emergency Guidelines for teams Emergency

Welfare Team Rescue/ evacuation team Engineering team Security fire team

Accompany injured to medical centre Establish communication with chief Take instruction from chief controller Assist the site controller in carrying coordinator emergency coordinators out his duties

Assist the liaison /medical officer in Cordon of the area with the help of Ensure safety of the remaining part Provide security coverage and his duties security team of the plant cordon off the emergency area

Continues communication with Start search/ rescue operation Plant shut down on advice from the Control and prevent the fire from emergency coordinators emergency coordinators spreading

Give appropriate first-aid Ensure use of necessary personal Undertake any repair work on an Identify fire and use appropriate fire protective for search operation emergency basis extinguisher

Inform hospital in advance so that Ensure that emergency does not Arrange to carry out civil work in the Transfer material to safer place they are prepared escalate course of emergency operation

Direct injured to hospital Arrange to supply water under maximum Arrange transport for victims pressure for fire/emergency

Miscellaneous duties regarding mechanical/ Direct the fire and rescue team EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPDelectrical/ electronic assistance M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-30

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EMERGENCY GUIDE EMERGENCY Confirm the message Message to chief Controller/ Dy. Chief Controller / Dy. Chief Chief Controller Controller

No Emergency Proceed to emergency control Confirm the message center & remain there

Coordinate and communicate from emergency control center

Liaison officer Chief Coordinator Emergency Coordinators Site controller

Coordinate with security personnel Undertake instructions from Undertake all rescue operation Coordinate all the team actives under &maintains law and order Chief Controller under instructions from Chief instruction from chief controller Controller Regulate & restrict entry & exit of persons Direct injured to hospitals Evaluate safety and health hazard Arrange assistance from production Take all possible steps to control Arrange for hospital & maintenance in the course of emergency accommodations, canteen etc. Coordinate transport services emergency operation Call local brigade in consultation with chief Inform medical center controller Liaison with press, Govt. agencies, Arrange for safe and temporary neighboring factories shelter in consultation with site Miscellaneous duties regarding Take command of fire/ security team & Controller & liaison officer Disclose all necessary information mechanical/ electrical/ electronic arrange to supply water under maximum so as to avoid rumors & confusion assistance pressure for fire/ emergency operation EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-31

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PUBLIC HEARING

7.12 PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-32

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-33

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-34

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-35

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-36

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-37

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-38

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-39

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-40

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-41

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-42

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Point-wise reply to the queries of Public hearing 1) Queries raised by The Convener of Public hearing a. Disposal of catalyst from distillery material is not mentioned Reply: In the molasses based distilleries catalysts are not used for distillation process. Therefore, there will not be any issue of disposal of such catalyst. b. Piezometric well under CREP guidelines is not mentioned Reply: Photographs of Piezometric well and monitoring report of ground water near to the compost site is enclosed as annexure XV to this report c. GSDA guidelines are not mentioned if the project proponent is using bore well water; The project is not using any ground water resource. Hence, these guidelines are not applicable in the present project. d. To install Continuous Online Monitoring System period is not mentioned which is indispensable to project proponent; Photographs of the same are enclosed as annexure XVI to this report

Online Monitoring System Details for Sugar Unit Sr.No Particulars Parameters Vender Name Online monitoring started 1. Online multi pH, M/s. Forbes Marshall Pvt, Ltd, Season 2016-17 parameter BOD,COD, Plot No. B-85, Phase-II, Chakan Analyser TSS Industrial Area, Village 2. Dust Monitor Particulate Savardari-Chakan, Taluka- Khed, Matter Pune 3 Electromagnetic Flow M/s. Krohne Marshall Pvt, Ltd, A- Season 2016-17 flow meter 34/35, MIDC Industrial Estate H- Block, pimpri, Pune

Online Monitoring System Details for Distillery Unit Sr.No Particulars Parameters Vender Name Online monitoring started 1. Online Effluent outlet M/s. Krohne Marshall Pvt, Season 2016-17 electromagnetic flow Ltd, A-34/35, MIDC flow meter measurement Industrial Estate H-Block, pimpri, Pune 3 Online web Compost yard M/s. Forbes Marshall Pvt, Season 2016-17 camera observation Ltd, Plot No. B-85, Phase-II, Chakan Industrial Area, Village Savardari-Chakan, Taluka- Khed, Pune

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2. Queries raised by Chairman of the Public Hearing Committee and Honorable ADM, Shri Vijaysinh Deshmukh

1. As per the analytical studies of the soil of the area, it is observed that carbon quantity is very meager. Hence quantity of organic carbon should be increased;

Reply: The factory has taken following measures to improve soil organic carbon

 It is supplying press mud, Bio-earth compost on subsidized rate to farmers  also implementing sugarcane trash mulching program after harvesting cane at farmers field  Under green manure program supplying seeds of sun hemp & Dhencha which are helpful for increasing organic matter

The Management assures that it will continues its efforts as well as add new programmes to increase soil organic carbon.

2. The pH of the soil is 8.8, which is at the higher side. This is due to excess use of chemical fertilizers. It affects eco-system as well as our body system. As per the report, it is concluded that the soil of Punjab is totally spoiled due to excess use of fertilizers, hence there is rise of cancer patients of all age groups in Punjab. The awareness program for the same should be carried in the local area.

Reply: The factory has established soil testing lab. It is recommending fertilizer as per soil testing report, which will helpful for maintaining soil pH.

As suggested by Honorable ADM, we have made provision for such awareness programme. It is mentioned in table 9.7 under point D Education – please refer chapter IX, page 9-17 & 9-18 of EIA report.

3. The objections raised during the meeting should be solved immediately. The issue of release of Soot/carbon particles in the environment should be solved immediately;

Reply: Existing wet scrubber are suitable for our present crushing, It is also suitable for proposed expanded capacity of 6000 TCD. However, we have contacted to our wet scrubber supplier for its design suitability or required any modification of it.

4. From the CER (Corporate Environment Responsibility) Fund, previously which is used to be called as CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Fund, green belt should

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-44

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be developed in the area. It is appealed to the project proponent to extend the financial aid to the nearby villages for the construction and maintenance of Jalyukta Shivar; Reply: As suggested by Honorable ADM, we have made provision for this activity under watershed development programme of CSR. Please refer chapter IX, table 9.7 page 9-17 & 9-18 of EIA report for details of fund provision. 5. It is observed during the presentation that the bagasse remains in large quantity. It should be used for co-generation project. Reply: We are installing another turbine for running co-generation in off season. Saved bagasse will be utilized for this project. The work is already started. 6. The local farmers should be made aware to use organic fertilizers for production of sugarcane.

Reply: Cane development department of the factory is regularly providing guidance for use of organic & bio-fertilizers for improving soil fertility & soil health.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-45

Chapter VII

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-46

Chapter VII

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-47

Chapter VII

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-48

Chapter VII

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-49

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EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-50

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Reply to the above letters is as follows. We have received a letter through an email from Mr. H. Madhubabu, President (REEHAS, Rural Environment Education and Health Awareness Society) on July 29, 2018. We appreciate his observation and suggestion. In response to the same, this point-wise response is prepared. 1. The Proponent of M/s Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd proposed to Expansion of Sugar Unit & Distillery Unit as mentioned above Reply: Yes, Noted 2. The Environment consultant Vasantdada Sugar Institute of this project study area covered 10 k.m radius around the proposed Project area, they studied locations of air ambient quality , noise levels recorded , water samples collected, soil samples also collected these all are in norms of CPCB. This is satisfactory. Reply: Monitoring results given in Chapter-III of EIA reports. Thanking you for your perusal of monitoring results and comment of satisfaction. 3. The consultant, please take health states of village people in 10 km radius around is must, why because it is very useful in future. Reply: Provision is made in the CER/CSR budget for medical camp in the project area. 4. Please take Crop production details from near Agriculture lands also. Reply: Major crops of the area, is given in Chapter-III. Regarding crop production i.e. yield data is collected by Government authority. It is not possible to collect the primary data on yield in three months monitoring period. Also, it is not included in the monitoring guidelines or terms of reference. 5. For operation of the project water requirement is 520 m3/Day It is taking from Bhima river , in summer season chance to down fall water level so please arrange rain water harvesting system. Reply: Factory has already made facility for rainwater harvesting. This will be improved, budgetary allocation for the same is made under EMP. Details are given in Chapter- IX of EIA report. Factory will recycle the water to fullest extent and also use treated water to reduce fresh water requirement. 6. Please utilize waste water to plantation, sprinkling on roads. It controls Dust Pollution when your vehicles transport time Reply: This suggestion is already in practice. 7. Your taking 14.5 Acres (33%) plantation for Green belt is good, it is CPCB norms, but I am requesting to increase if any possible.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-51

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Reply: The factory is already maintaining 12.5 acres of greenbelt. This will be enhanced in the proposed project. We have noted your suggestion and we will try to implement. 8. You take avenue plantation to near villages, road side, it is useful to save environment. Plant fruit baring and medicinal value trees. Reply: Such activities are already in practice. In addition, financial provision for the same is made in CER plan, that assures its implementation in future also. 9. Please give employment opportunities to local people first. And conduct skilled programs for local youth like ITI, Diploma. They will get job opportunities other industries also Reply: As a policy, the management of the factory has always given preference to the local youth for permanent as well as contractual employment. The same policy will be continued even after expansion. 10. Give medical facilities to near villages, Conduct Medical Camps Regularly. Reply: Budgetary provision for these activities is already made in CER/CSR budget. Please refer chapter-IX of EIA report. 11. Give drinking water facility to near villages. Reply: Budgetary provision for such activities is already made in CER/CSR budget. Please refer chapter-IX of EIA report 12. Give good education to near village children. Reply: The factory is working on these lines for last several years. It has undertaken many activities for education of children of harvesting labour, employees as well as children from nearby areas. In continuation with the same, budgetary provision for such activities is already made in CER/CSR budget. Please refer chapter-IX of EIA report 13. Develop all main roads and street roads of near villages. Reply: Noted. The factory supports such type of developmental activities. 14. The project will contribute additional revenue to the State & Central Govt. Reply: Thanking you for the keen perusal and remark 15. For using of CSR budget please form a Co-ordination committee with village people, Govt. officials and company people, and find necessary works for villages not target oriented works. Reply: Thanking you for your suggestion. It is noted. Once again, we thank Mr. H. Madhubabu, President (REEHAS, Rural Environment Education and Health Awareness Society) for his suggestions and support to this project.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-52

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We have received a letter through an email from Mr. S. Venkateshwarlu, Chief Functionary (NEETHA Swachanda Seva Society, Environmental management Development Organization) on August 2nd, 2018. We appreciate his observation and suggestion. In response to the same, this point-wise reply is prepared. 1. To take up plantation in the surrounding villages with variety of trees, species and herbal, fruit bearing types and to develop avenue plantation Reply: Such activities are already in practice. In addition, financial provision for the same is made in CER/CSR plan, which assures its implementation in future also. 2. Greenbelt will be developed within the premises of the project. Reply: The factory is already maintaining 12.5 acres of greenbelt. This will be enhanced in the proposed project. We have noted your suggestion and we will try to implement. 3. To take Water sprinkling to reduce the PM emission level. Reply: This suggestion is already in practice. 4. To take CPCB & CREP guidelines will be followed. Reply: Factory is following CPCB & CREP guideline. Implementation of the same e.g. impervious lagoons for spent wash storage, impervious compost yard, etc. are discussed in chapter II of the EIA report. 5. To incorporate public health status and ground water status of the area. Reply: Provision is made in the CER/CSR budget for medical camp in the project area. Ground water monitoring results and status given in Chapter-III of EIA reports. 6. To providing the nearby villages in the employment. Reply: As a policy, the management of the factory has always given preference to the local youth for permanent as well as contractual employment. The same policy will be continued even after expansion. 7. To take CSR Activities will be carried out in the local area which will improve the social- economic status of the local people. Reply: This suggestion is already in practice. 8. Welcome to the proposed project to issue environmental clearance (EC) by MOEF&CC. Reply: Thanking You Once again, we thank Mr. S. Venkateshwarlu, Chief Functionary (NEETHA Swachanda Seva Society, Environmental management Development Organization) for his suggestions and support to this project. We have received a letter through an email from Mr. Vootkuri S. Reddy, President (Dharithri Paryavarana Parirakshana Samstha) on July 07, 2018. We appreciate his observation and suggestion. In response to the same, this point-wise response is prepared.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-53

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1. You consultancy have already conducted baseline survey of air, water, land it is very good. My request is please collect the data of the health status of the people, Data of Crop production status and ground water availability status within 10Kms radius. It is very useful in future and utilize as a parameter to take precautionary affective measure to maintain ecological balance. Reply: Monitoring results given in Chapter-III of EIA reports. Thanking you for your perusal of monitoring results and comment of satisfaction. For health status of the people, provision is made in the CER/CSR budget for medical camp in the project area. Major crops of the area, is given in Chapter-III. Regarding crop production i.e. yield data is collected by Government authority. It is not possible to collect the primary data on yield in three months monitoring period. Also, it is not included in the monitoring guidelines or terms of reference. Ground water monitoring results and status given in Chapter-III of EIA report. 2. My request and suggestion you take up industry proposed expansion of sugar unit form 2500 TCD to 6000 TCD and Molasses based distillery unit from 30 KLPD to 55 KLPD. Whatever you draw river water. The water is not flowing throughout the year. The excess water flowing is rain season only. It is beneficial to construct storage tanks for collecting overflowing water in rainy season. Reply: Factory has developed facility for rainwater harvesting. This will be improved, budgetary allocation for the same is made under EMP. Details are given in Chapter- IX of EIA report. Factory will recycle the water to fullest extent and also use treated water to reduce fresh water requirement. Factory is storing the harvested rain water, in the ground reservoir (after filtration and required precautions). 3. My request and suggestion to you to take up proposed industry of land, whatever you draw water it is a limited natural resources. But the water is not sufficiently available throughout the year it is a limited sources. The excess water is available in rainy season only. My suggestion is please make special efforts to collect rain water to store construct storage tanks for storage rain water. It is very useful to use the rainy water in non rainy days to your industry. It is very beneficial to maintain ecological balance. Reply: Factory has made facility for rainwater harvesting. This will be improved, budgetary allocation for the same is made under EMP. Details are given in Chapter- IX of EIA report. Factory will recycle the water to fullest extent and also use treated water to reduce fresh water requirement. Factory is storing the harvested rain water, in the ground reservoir (after filtration and required precautions).

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-54

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4. Please take up village plantation in nearby villages and also avenue plantation for internal roads on which roads your vehicles transport the materials to control dust pollution. My request is you should give priority to fruit baring plants and medicinal value plants instead of normal plants it is useful to control dust pollution and available fruits in nearby villages. Reply: Such activities are already in practice. In addition, financial provision for the same is made in CER plan, that assures its implementation in future also. 5. Please give priorities to local educated unemployed youth for employment in your industry. Reply: As a policy, the management of the factory has always given preference to the local youth for permanent as well as contractual employment. The same policy will be continued even after expansion. 6. My humble request is to promote skill development training to unemployed youth to better skills useful to get employment chances in your industry remaining youth to get jobs in other places. Countries like Japan and Korea 95% of youth they got skill development in India only 5 to 6 percent youth skilled persons. Reply: The factory has made provision in CER/CSR budget for training of factory workers as well as farmers. Please refer chapter IX, table 9.7 for the details. 7. My request is to form co-ordination committees with you company officials, Govt. officials and PCB officials and villages to take up plan of action of CSR budget it is very useful and meaningful to take up demand oriented works. This is very essential to village development. Please discourage target oriented works. With this activity a great credibility comes to you. Reply: Thanking you for your suggestion. As mentioned in chapter III of EIA report, the factory is always undertaking the activities which are of local relevance and useful to local residents. Thus, now as well as in near future the factory will implement social activities which are beneficial to locals. 8. My suggestion please include promote the farmers planting of sugar cane to cutting it will take 15 months approximately. The water used by farmers is 3 Crore liters in a crop year, please encourage the farmers to minimum utilization of water either by drip irrigation or by sprinkler so that, it will promote the farmers growing sugar cane in only one crore liters. To take the better environment. Reply: The factory is already working in this direction and supporting farmers who are willing to install drip. Once again, we thank Mr. Vootkuri S. Reddy, President (Dharithri Paryavarana Parirakshana Samstha) for his suggestions and support to this project.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 7-55 Chapter VIII

Chapter VIII

PROJECT BENEFIT ANALYSIS

8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS: FOR THE PROJECT PROPONENT  Sensible utilization of available resources such as land, boiler (steam), bagasse, molasses and human resources  Cheap labour pool, since employment in rural area is agro-based and seasonal  The products have continuous market demand  Markets are located within state as well as at national/international levels and there is very good connectivity of road, rail & air to the site  Generation of value added product from sugar mill by-product/waste  Similarly, spent wash (highly polluted wastewater) generated in the unit will get converted into a good quality manure by mixing it with pressmud  Overall improving profitability of the business and ensuring long term sustenance in the scenario of volatile sugar prices through byproduct generation  Ease to control both the units 8.2 PROJECT BENEFITS: FOR THE LOCAL SOCIETY  Sugarcane grower farmers and workers will be benefited, since distillery is an ancillary unit of sugar mill  Generation of additional 364 direct employment  Indirect employment in various forms e.g. transportation, refreshment stalls, workshops, daily commodity shops, etc. People will be benefitted by these services  Improvement will take place in infrastructures such as schools, medical facilities, transportation, etc.  Revenue for the local authorities as well as state government The benefits of following activities initiated by sugar mill will be continued.  Implementing various labour welfare activities such as health checkup camps, rewards, celebration of various festivals, providing housing facility etc.  Providing cane seed of improved varieties to cane growers at concessional rate  Encouraging the farmers for lift/drip irrigation schemes, soil testing and other improved farm management practices  Operating “Sakhar shala” for the children of cane harvesting workers

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8.3 BENEFITS TO COUNTRY: ALCOHOL AS A FUEL Ethanol is mainly produced from sugarcane molasses. Sugarcane is a renewable source of energy. Sugarcane cultivation is an efficient method of converting ‘solar energy’ into ‘stored energy’. Thus, use of ethanol as oxygenating agent or fuel-extender helps reduce the usage and dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol is made from renewable sources of energy i.e. based on agricultural products. Thus, it is not a depleting resource like petrol. Use of ethanol is also carbon neutral as compared to use of fossil fuels. Blending of petrol using ethanol even at 5% directly saves that much petrol. This quantity is huge at national level. This helps to save valuable foreign exchange and strengthen the economy. This could also help in controlling/regulating the prices of petrol in the market, since ethanol is cheaper compared to petrol. Overall, it could have manifold effect on economy. 8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS

 Agro based industry and raw material is renewable

 No rehabilitation, restoration issues involved

 Saving on transportation of raw material and filler materials, as well as fuel cost

 Exhaust steam from captive power/cogeneration unit will be used for distillery operations, hence it will save energy (fuel) as well as water

 Captive power – generated on renewable energy

 Disposal of molasses, press mud and ash will get solved due to the proposed unit

 Generation of energy (biogas) from wastewater i.e. spentwash; thereby, direct emission of methane will be avoided. Methane is a greenhouse gas having 23-time higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide

 Recycling of soil nutrients by bio-compost; thus, increasing soil fertility

 Recycling/reuse of treated water will save fresh water intake

 Solid waste generated from sugar factory like press mud, ash and ETP sludge can be converted to bio-manure

 No wildlife sanctuary, national park within 10km radius of study area; no disturbance to wildlife

 Overall, pollution control at all possible extent, enhancing the environmental benefits Thus, project is anticipated to be beneficial for sustainable development of the region.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 8-2

Chapter IX

Chapter IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 OVERVIEW

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed for preventing, controlling, and/or mitigating the likely adverse/negative environmental impacts of the project on surrounding environment. EMP framework is a site specific document for the project, to ensure that the project can be implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner and where all concerned persons of the industry as well as contractors, understand the potential environmental impact arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions for proper management.

9.1.1 Objectives of EMP

 Minimization of waste generation and pollution  Judicious use of available resources  Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace  Ensure effective operation of all control measures  Vigilance against probable accidents and disasters  Monitoring of cumulative and longtime impacts  Ensure effective operation of all control measures  Overall conservation of natural resources and environment

9.2 EMP FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The project activity comprises of expansion of existing sugar and distillery units. As the construction activity will take place in already developed industrial premises, many issues such as water supply for drinking and domestic activities, sanitation facilities for labour at site, electricity availability, safety and health facilities for labour, etc. become less significant. Labour from neighboring areas is easily available. All these aspects were considered while anticipating environmental impacts of construction phase. The construction activity involves installation of various units of sugar and distillery such as storage tanks for raw material as well as finished products, distillation towers, installation of mill, sugar godown, enhancement of spray pond and compost yard, etc. Thus, the major activities involved for construction phase are

 Loading / unloading of construction material  Excavation work (as per requirement) for the various buildings and structures  Transportation of the material and workers to & from the project location

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-1

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 Modernization of existing various machineries/units  Disposal of the liquid and solid waste generated by the temporary work force employed for construction

Considering the types of activities associated with the project and sources of pollution, following mitigation measures are recommended.

 Fugitive dust emission due to transportation activities as well as loading/unloading of material will be controlled by water sprinkling on dust generative sources

 The activities generating noise to be carried out within daytime only and prohibit all such activities for night time

 Run-off of loose soil to be prevented by means of compacting the soil  Transport contractors must be instructed to maintain their vehicles properly, so as to minimize the exhaust emissions, reduce the noise and prevent the oil leakages from vehicles

 Labourers to be advised to use toilet blocks available in the existing mill premises  Solid waste material to be segregated properly and its further treatment/disposal to be carried out according to the nature of the waste, under the supervision and guidance of environment officer/chemist available in the existing sugar unit

 Greenbelt enhancement/developmental activities to commence in the surrounding zone of the construction site

9.3 EMP: OPERATION PHASE

Table 9.1: Environment management plan: operation phase

Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures

AIR ENVIRONMENT

Air Environment Particulate Matter (PM) • Existing Stack 65 m height is adequate

Formation of SO2, NOx • Wet scrubber to control ash emission through

H2S from Biogas stack Carbon dioxide due to • Existing Greenbelt 12 acre and proposed 2.5 fermentation, Odour acre Total 14.5acres due to composting  Covered fermenters process  Bagasse contains traces of S & N, hence

generation of SO2 and NOX anticipated to be limited

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-2

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Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures

 Proper ash and bagasse handling system  Use of biogas as fuel

 Provision of flare unit

 Aerobic composting by using aero-tiller machines

 Storage of spentwash as per CREP guidelines

Fugitive dust from Mechanized system for handling of bagasse as Handling and transport well as ash of bagasse and ash; Asphalted internal roads, dust generated from Adequate parking places for goods and private roads, etc. vehicles

WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water Major source – effluent  Existing sugar ETP will be upgraded to treat Environment from milling section, effluent of600m3/day from proposed units boiling house, (after expansion) centrifugal house,  Currently, spray pond over flow is collected boiler blow down, separately and sent for irrigation after cleaning & condensate. proper treatment. Same will be followed after Storage of spentwash, expansion (quantity 600 m3/day) its treatment and  ETP treated water will be reused for disposal greenbelt/irrigation (within the premises)  Process condensate from sugar unit will be recycled (partially); reducing the fresh water requirement considerably  Rain water harvesting  Bio-methanation as primary treatment for spentwash  Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE)-secondary treatment to reduce spentwash volume  Concentrated spentwash will be mixed with

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Chapter IX

Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures

press mud cake to produce bio-compost  Spentlees, condensate of MEE and other effluents will be treated in condensate polishing unit and reused for distillery activities  All effluent will be properly treated and utilized/disposed within the premises  Storage of spentwash in 30 days and five day impervious lagoons as per CREP guidelines  Enhancement of existing impervious compost yard with leachate collection drainage and other facilities - strictly as per CREP guidelines  Fresh water requirement will be reduced by recycling of water, using rain water during startup period  Bore well, in downstream area of biocompost to monitor ground water quality SOLID WASTE Boiler Ash Bagasse ash is rich in potash, thus used to enrich the soil or sold for bricks manufacturing Provision of greenbelt for natural control ETP (Sugar unit) Sludge Organic and degradable hence, mixed with bio Fermentation Sludge compost

Bio digester Sludge NOISE Process Mainly Boiler, STG, Noise sources/ noise generating activities will be machineries pumps and motors under roof/in covered area Regular maintenance of machinery Provisions of personal protective equipment Job rotation at high noise work places Regular health check up Walls and trees will help to attenuate noise

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-4

Chapter IX

Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures

Greenbelt development Transportation Regular maintenance of vehicles Well maintained internal roads and adequate parking will reduce traffic congestion and noise due to it Ecology and Air, water, soil and  Adequate preventive, control and mitigation Biodiversity noise pollution measures for air, water and soil pollutants Tree cutting failing,  No tree cutting failing involved since project disturbance to wildlife is on flat, barren land due to project  No wildlife sanctuary, national park or biosphere reserve within 10km radius, site is not in migratory route of any wildlife, no rare and endangered species of plants/animals reported from the region  Development of greenbelt will help to enhance the biodiversity and may provide habitat to many species Socio-economic Rehabilitation and  No rehabilitation and restoration issue Environment Restoration (RR), involved since site is already under the pressure on available possession of project proponent manmade  Local candidates will be preferred for infrastructure/resource employment. Skilled work force is available due to population flux at nearby towns and cities Safety and Accidents, improper  Safety officer and safety committee will be Occupational work practices formulated health  Provision of adequate safety gears  Other safety measures as per the norms  Insurance policy for workers  Regular health check-up Risk and disaster Fire, accidents,  The entire premises is no smoking zone management earthquake, etc.  Lightening arresting system will be in place  Ethanol vapor condensing system will be installed at storage area

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-5

Chapter IX

Aspect Impact causing factor Control/Mitigation Measures

 Proper storage of molasses, ethanol, bagasse  Firefighting system as per OISD guidelines  Earthquake resistant construction

9.3.1 Air environment

Measures in addition to above are as follows.  Greenbelt of minimum three tiers in the periphery of the project  While improving the greenbelt local/native species will be preferred in addition to the species helpful in controlling pollution. It will help in attenuating dust and to some

extent SO2 pollution  Development of lawn on open areas with plantation of ornamental shrubs/trees in between so as to reduce the dust generation from open areas and improve aesthetics  Preventive maintenance and regular checking of pollution control devices  Continuous emission monitoring system for stack  Monitoring of ambient air quality at regular interval within & outside the project premises  Proper maintenance of internal roads  Compliance of other regulatory norms such as health, safety, etc.

All these measures will help in reducing and/or mitigating the potential negative impact of the proposed activity on surrounding environment.

9.3.1.1 Other emissions

From Diesel Generator (DG): DGs are usually used as a backup provision for power. However, in proposed project, the captive power will be available for season. Hence, operation of DG will be very limited. Thus, emissions from DG sets assumed to be less significant. Stack height of DG set- as per the guidelines of CPCB. However, DG sets need to be maintained regularly.

9.3.2 Noise environment

The noise management practices will be in following sequence

 Prevent generation of noise at source by good design and maintenance of equipment  Minimize or contain noise at source by observing good operational techniques and management practice  Use physical barriers or enclosures to prevent transmission to other media e.g. for boiler, STG, DG room EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-6

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 Increase the distance between the source and receptor  Sympathetic timing and control of unavoidably noisy operations  Job rotation for workers placed at high noise areas  Greenbelt development with suitable species for noise attenuation 9.3.3 Water environment

Reducing fresh Rain water Waste generation water intake by harvesting

Minimized to Efficient use of From roof top all possible water/steam areas extent

Recycling of Proper Mainly by non or less treatment to all recharge sump polluted effluent wells streams streams

Recycling of Reusing treated cendensate water

Figure 9.1: Schematic of water management

ETP of existing sugar unit is already described in chapter II with schematic (Refer Figure 2.7page 2-27 of Chapter II). This ETP will be modified suitably to treat effluent of 600 m3 per day. Presently the mill is segregating the mildly polluted streams such as spray pond overflow and excess condensate. It is sent for irrigation. For molasses based distilleries, spentwash is a highly polluting element, which is potentially the major threat to environment. Thus, it is imperative to manage it properly. Considering the pollution potential of spentwash, the Ministry of Environment Forest& Climate Change (MoEF&CC), has recommended a guideline through Corporate Responsibility for Environment Protection (CREP), charter in 2003. According to these guidelines, it is mandatory for the distillery to achieve ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ (ZLD). The project proponent has developed following scheme to achieve ZLD and has made necessary financial provisions towards the planned activities.

 For spentwash, bio-methanation as primary treatment to convert organic matter into biogas – an energy source  In the secondary treatment stage, biomethanated spentwash will be sent to Multi- Effect Evaporation (MEE) unit to reduce its volume from 440 to 88cu.m. EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-7

Chapter IX

 Following evaporation, concentrated spentwash will be mixed with press mud cake (PMC - generated in the sugar mill) to produce bio-compost  Spentlees, condensate of MEE and other effluents will be treated in condensate polishing unit (CPU); treated water will be reused for other activities of distillery  Steam condensate will be recycled back as a boiler feed water. Thus, the industry is determined to put all its efforts for the recycle/reuse of water. 9.3.3.1 CREP guidelines for molasses based distilleries

The industry has opted for bio-methanation as primary treatment followed by bio-composting for the safe disposal of spentwash. The guidelines recommended through CREP, which will be implemented by the project proponent, are as follows-

 Spentwash storage lagoon not >30 days’ capacity  The lagoons must be impervious, constructed leak-proof, lined with HDPE sheets and protected by brick lining  The compost yard lined with HDPE sheets and protected with brick/concrete/Bituminous Macadam  Provisions for leachate collection i.e. gutter and sump well A) Land Preparation for Compost Yard 1. While designing and preparing compost yard, its foundation need to be constructed with utmost care. Therefore, preparation of the ground & proper compaction plays very important role in the development of compost yard. 2. Therefore, it needs to be ensured that-  The land is leveled and compacted properly  Soft soil cushion is essential to lay a 250 micron thick HDPE sheet  Further, another layer of soft soil/sand needs to be provided over the 250 micron thick HDPE sheet before proceeding with the top finish  Provision of underground spentwash spraying network for auto spraying  Provision of leachate management system as per guidelines There are few options for top finish of compost yard, they are -  Brick on-edge gaps filled with dry sand/soft local soil  Providing Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) 1:3:6 in bays & scaling the joints with bitumen  Bituminous asphalting  Providing and laying interlocking concrete paving blocks B) Operations & maintenance guidelines for composting

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-8

Chapter IX

i) Rainy season It is not possible to run the aerobic composting process in rainy season. The reasons are:  Freshly sprayed spent wash that is yet to be decomposed may give some colored leachate after rain and will contaminate the soil  Due to rain, the composting material in windrows may have moisture content of 70%, which can result in anaerobiosis  It is not possible to run the composting machine during rainy season  Heavy rains can wash off the press mud Precautions to be taken before onset of rainy season

 The composting area must be vacated before start of rains  As far as possible, all the compost on the site should be sold out before start of rain. The compost, which remains unsold, should be properly bagged and kept in godown/covered area  After harvesting the last batch of compost, a 2 cm layer of press mud should be scrapped over the surface layer of compost yard and this scrapped material shall be kept covered for blending with compost. After cleaning the scrapped area, fresh windrow of press mud shall be formed only after rainy season. ii) Unseasonal rains Precaution to be taken, if there is unseasonal rain during composting cycle

 In order to avoid the leaching of spentwash, which is yet to decompose all the windrow on the yard should be covered with polyethylene sheets/pullover covers  Stop spraying spentwash, temporarily when it is raining. Spraying can be resumed when the sky becomes clear.  The provision of the trenches towards slopping side should be made to collect the runoff from windrow area. This runoff should be collected in leachate collection pit. It should be pumped back to 30 days storage lagoon.  The run off of outside compost yard should be suitably diverted so that it does not enter the compost yard. In order to achieve ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ the industry will be adopting biomethanation followed by MEE followed by Biocomposting process. Impervious lagoons will be constructed for storage of spentwash and impervious compost yard (1:3:6 PCC) with HDPE lining as per CREP norms.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-9

Chapter IX

9.3.3.2 Rainwater harvesting

The industry has implemented the rainwater-harvesting project. Presently, it is harvesting water mainly from roof top areas of mill shed, building. The rooftop area available for rain water harvesting is 10,190sq.m. (sugar unit 8,910 sq.m and distillery unit 1,280 sq.m) All water is collected and channelized to sump wells Table 9.2: Details of rainwater harvesting and storage

DESCRIPTION OF AREA AVG RAIN- RUN WATER AVAILABLE CATCHMENT AREA FALL PER OFF (Per annum) YEAR m2 m % CUM Roof top area 10,190 0.6 70 4280 (available building and structures)

RWH Sump Well:

RWH Drain Line:

Figure 9.2: Rain Water harvesting and storm water drainage Layout 9.3.4 Land environment

Effluent will be properly treated in ETP and treated water will be reused/recycled. Thus, the probability of soil pollution in the surrounding area (outside the premises), is very remote. In addition, effluent will be transported to ETP through well-constructed drainages/pipe system which will prevent its percolation into the soil and mixing it with ground water. Thus, the soil pollution shall be effectively prevented and controlled by the provision of ETP.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-10

Chapter IX

Solid wastes from the proposed unit will be boiler ash and sludge from effluent treatment plant.

Table 9.3: Management of solid waste

Waste Material Nature Upshot

Ash(from bagasse) Solid Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil

Sludge from ETP Dry- Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil solid

Yeast Sludge Organic Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil

Sludge from Distillery Organic Mixed with bio-compost which will be mixed into soil Polishing unit

Sludge

Bottom ash fly ash from furnace

Added to soil

Figure9.3: Schematic of waste management

9.3.4.1 Hazardous waste management

Spent oil from the gear boxes and automobile batteries will be disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Waste (Management and Transboundary Movement)Rules, 2016.

9.4 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

In the existing scenario, the mill has developed greenbelt on 32 acres of the land and 3 acres of land is proposed for greenbelt development which is 33% of the industrial plot area. Table 9.4: Tree plantation details

Tree Tree density Size/type Location interspacing per 100m2

3 x 3m 25 Shrubs and small trees Boundary of sugar and cogeneration,

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-11

Chapter IX

Garden/landscape areas

5 x 5m 09 medium to large size Boundary of plot area trees

10 x 10m 04 Large size trees Mainly along road side and on the periphery of the unit

It is advised to undertake plantation during monsoon of 2018, by planting tree along the boundary of the unit. The tree species must be healthy, preferably of few months old, so as to improve its survival probabilities. Provide fencing to all the plants, which are vulnerable to stray animals. It is also advised to plant ornamental trees, flowering plants, shrubs in the premises of respective production, waste treatment units, once the major construction work of respective site gets over. Table 9.5 and 9.6 give the list of recommended plant species for greenbelt.

Table9.5: List of recommended species for greenbelt

* T=Tall, M=Medium, S=Small

Name Size* Climate(Rainfall) Feature/remark 1. Aegalmarmalose(Bel) M/T 500-1000 mm Tolerant to air pollution, common in the region

2. Albiziasaman (Shirish) M 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2 3. Anthocephaluskadamba T 500-1000 mm Dust tolerant (Kadamba) 4. Azadiractaindica (Neem) T 500-1000 mm Fly ash tolerant ,Tolerant of alkaline and Saline soil, common in the area 5. Bauhinia purpurea T 500-1000 mm Dust tolerant, cultivated near (kanchan) residential areas 6. Butea T 500-1000 mm - monosperma(Palas) 7. Cassia fistula (Bahava) M 500-1000 mm pH 7.5 to 8.4, cultivated near residential areas 8. Cordia spp.(Bhokar) M 500-1000mm Dust tolerant

9. Erythrinaindica T 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2 (Pangara) 10. Ficusbengalensis(Wad) T 500-1000 mm Fluoride tolerant, common

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-12

Chapter IX

Name Size* Climate(Rainfall) Feature/remark

11. Ficusglomerata (Umber) T 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2 common

12. Ficusreligiosa (Pimpal) T 500-1000 mm Tolerant of CO2 common

13. Neriumodoratum(Kaner) S 500-1000 mm Tolerant of SO2 common 14. Tamarindusindica T 250-500 mm Tolerant of acidic soil (Chinch) 15. Eucalyptus species T 500-1000mm Tolerant of alkaline/Saline soil 16. Derris indica(Karanj) M/T 500-1000mm Tolerant to air pollution, common in the region

Table 9.6: Flowering and foliage shrubs proposed for greenbelt # Flowering plant (Shrubs) # Foliage plant (Shrubs/Under tree) 1 Hibiscus 1 Duranta species 2 Shankasur (Ceasalpinia spp.) 2 Dracena 3 Ixora 3 Euphorbia pulcherima 4 Tagar 4 Muscanda 5 Cassia biflora 5 Maranta bicolor 6 Powder puff 6 Agave 7 Alamanda 7 Palm spp. 8 Hemaliapetans 8 Croton 9 Chitrak (Plumbago) 10 Gardenia lucida

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-13

Chapter IX

Figure 9.4: Schematic of Greenbelt Development

9.5 SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Health and safety are important aspects of an organization’s smooth and effective functioning. Good health and safety performance ensures an accident-free industrial environment. Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. In this project, aspects of Safety and Occupational Health are given with the due consideration, over and above applicable legislations such as Factories Act 1948. Extra attention will be paid to provide measures for ensuring safety and health of workers and as well integrity of plant. This will be done by applying following national or international standards.

 Use of flameproof electrics

 Suitable operating procedures shall be adhered for overall safety and health

 DG sets of appropriate ratings and as per the CPCB guidelines will be provided to ensure the uninterrupted supply of power and thus for safety of plants and workers

 Smoking and igniting activities are strictly prohibited in the entire unit

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-14

Chapter IX

 Existing Firefighting system should be modified suitably so as to make it suitable for proposed project (as per the statutory guidelines)

 Regular medical checkup of workers, contractual workers and employees

 Group insurance and medical insurance facilities provided in the existing setup should be extended after proposed expansion.

Following standards will be adopted/implemented for the safety of plant, machinery as well as human resources IS :11592 Code of practice for selection and design of conveyors IS:1891 Specification for rubber conveyor IS:4776 Specification for troughed belt conveyors IS :7155 Code of practice for conveyor safety IS :8466 Bagasse carrier chains IS :8531 Specification for pulleys for belt conveyors IS : 8598 Specification for idlers for belt conveyors IS 800 Code of practice for General Construction in Steel IS 1893 Criteria for Earthquake Resistance, Design of Structures IS: 325 Three phase induction motors IS 7403 Code of practice for selection of Worm & helical gear box IS:1554 P V C insulated (heavy duty) electric cables IS:2705 Current transformers IS:3043 Code of practice of Earthing IS :8623 Low voltages switch gear & control gear

Facilities provided by the Management to workers and employees at existing unit

 Separate parking facility for private vehicles (non-goods)  Drinking water facility  Canteen  Toilet and bathrooms  Firefighting system (vehicle)  Ambulance  First aid facility  Safety gears and PPE

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-15

Chapter IX

The abovementioned facilities will be made available to workers, as well as to the visitors and transporters.

Plan of evaluation of health of workers  The mill is monitoring the health of its worker before placement and periodically examines during the employment  Proper schedule is in place which will be modified suitably if required and followed with help of occupational health experts and doctors  Health effects of various activities and health hazard, if any observed will be recorded and discussed with the health experts for corrective and preventive actions need to be taken by the industry Schedule of medical check-up during operational phase  Comprehensive pre-employment medical checkup for all employees  General checkup of all employees (including contractual employees and casual labour) once every year (the industry is doing it for existing unit)  Local hospitals and Govt. health monitoring system will be engaged  Dispensary and ESI facility will be provided to all workers as applicable

9.6 EMP FOR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Many of the social activities initiated and implemented bythe mill has been described in chapter III.In addition to that, the existing sugar unit is providing large number of seasonal employment(>5000 families will be engaged in cane harvesting) to labour mainly from drought prone areas of Marathwada region of Maharashtra. The mill operates a primary school for the children of cane harvesters. It also provides educational aid such as books, stationery, etc. to these students.Many of the social activities initiated and implemented by the factory have been described earlier. The management is committed to continue these activities. In addition, following plan is advised.

 Provision of insurance coverage to cane harvesting labour as well as seasonal and daily wage labour for medical and accidental cause  Provision of insurance as well as medicines for animals involved in cane transportation  Undertake activities for safe drinking water in nearby schools and educational institutions  Provision of drinking water, electricity and basic sanitation for harvesting labour and transporters  Financial assistant to nearby government schools

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-16

Chapter IX

 The mill operatesindigenous cattle rearing center at site for farmers tounderstand the importance of indigenous cattle for agriculture and they are also given cows free of cost as per the demand of the farmers  Health Camp for farmers, workers and theirfamily members every year  School bus Facility for farmer & EmployeesChildren  Participation in “Jalyukt Shivar” Schemes of Maharashtra Govt.

Some of the social activities and budgetary allocation for the same are highlighted in the following table.

Table 9.7: Financial provision for ESC (CSR) and CER activities planned for next five years

CSR activity head Year TOTAL 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Budgetary provision (Rs. in lakhs) A. Drinking Water Provision of drinking water to harvesting 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 2.75 labours and transporters Watershed Management Work (Jalyukt Shivar) 11 11 12 12 15 61 Construction of water storage tanks/repair or maintenance Sub-Total for A 10.5 10.5 12.75 12.75 16.0 63.75 B. Health facilities Health check-up of workers and their family 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 12 members and farmers Organizing medical camps 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 07 Medical aid to needy people, etc. 5 5 5 5 5 25 Sub-Total for B 8 8 9 9 10 44 C. Education Training to staff 1.5 1.5 2 2 3 10 Awareness programme for farmers 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 07 Training to local farmers 2 2 2.5 2.5 3 12 Educational facilities for orphans, children of 12 12 13 13 14 64 labours and women through NGO – Jan Seva Prathisthan – supported by the factory Educational aid to local schools, colleges, etc 2 2 3 3 3 13

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-17

Chapter IX

CSR activity head Year TOTAL 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Budgetary provision (Rs. in lakhs) School ‘Sakhar Shala’ for children of cane 2 2 3 3 3 13 harvesting labour including midday meals Sub-Total for C 20.5 20.5 25 25 28 119 D. Livestock care: Maintaining ‘Go-shala’ 02 02 03 03 04 14 and providing related facilities for local farmers E. Tree plantation in neighboring villages 05 05 06 06 07 29

F. Other activities for maintaining social, 02 02 03 03 04 14 cultural and religious harmony TOTAL BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS 283.75

9.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring network to maintain environmental quality will be implemented. Details of the environmental monitoring programme have already been given in Chapter VI. 9.8 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION AND DECISION MAKING Environmental management and monitoring require resources and support from the management. To ensure smooth functioning of the EMP, budgetary provision should be made for capital as well as recurring expenditure. The budgetary allocations for environmental management are given in table 9.8 and table 9.9. The decision making and reporting hierarchy also plays an important role and its details are given in figure 9.5. Table 9.8: Budgetary allocations for environment management (Sugar Unit)

Sr. Particular Recurring cost Capital Cost (Rs. in No. (Rs. In Lakhs ) lakhs)

1 Air pollution control equipment 6.00 -- (venturi wet-scrubber) 2. Noise pollution control 0.10 0.10

3. Greenbelt 8.00 7.00

4. Occupational health, training and 19.50 32.50 community development

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-18

Chapter IX

Sr. Particular Recurring cost Capital Cost (Rs. in No. (Rs. In Lakhs ) lakhs)

5. Fire protection 1.50 2.00

6. Water pollution control and ETP 7.75 11.80

7. Environmental monitoring system 4.50 4.50

8 Rain water harvesting and storm water 0.40 7.00 management

Total 47.75 64.90

Table 9.9: Budgetary allocations for environment management (Distillery Unit)

Sr. Particular Recurring cost Capital Cost (Rs. in No. (Rs. In Lakhs ) lakhs) 1 Solid waste 30.00 60.00 management/Composting 2. Noise pollution control 0.10 1.00

3. Greenbelt 8.00 7.00

4. Occupational health, training and 15.50 16.50 community development 5. Fire protection 1.40 1.50

6. Water pollution control 100.00 250.00

7. Environmental monitoring system 01.00 01.00 8 Rain water harvesting and storm 0.30 2.00 water management Total 156.30 339.00

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-19

Chapter IX

Chairman and Managing Director

Chief Executive Officer

Process Distillery Works Manager General Manger Manager Manager

Environmental Officer

Env Chemist and Monitoring Staff

ETP Lab chemist and ETP Operators

Figure 9.5: Decision making and its implementation hierarchy (from top to bottom) and reporting hierarchy (from bottom to top) for environmental conditions/compliances

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 9-20

Chapter X

Chapter X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., (SKL) at village Patethan, Tal-Daund Dist- Pune has proposed an expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and molasses based distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD. Baseline environmental quality data was collected for winter season during October 2017 to January 2018. Identification and prediction of significant environmental impacts due to proposed activity has been given in details (Chapter IV).

10.1. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT The salient features of the proposed project are given in Table 10.1 Table 10.1: Salient features of Proposed Project 1. Project Proposed expansion of sugar unit from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and molasses based distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD 2. Land Total land available with the factory = 77 acres Of which ~50 to 55 acres is allocated/reserved for industrial activities Land allocated for proposed Sugar unit ~1.50 acres distillery unit ~6.00 acre (Considering all the requirements) 3. Green belt Existing 12 acres green belt will be increased by 2.5 acre 4. Operation Days Sugar: Average 180 days and Maximum 220 days Distillery: Maximum 270 days 5. Total Water Sugar unit Requirement  Total 103 m3/day = 60 m3/day for process and 43 m3/day for domestic activities  25 m3/day during off-season (for domestic purpose) Distillery unit  417 m3/day  10 m3/day during off-season 6. Water Source Bhima river reservoir – with permission from Irrigation Dept. 7. Effluent Sugar unit Treatment System Effluent will be sent to ETP and utilized for gardening/irrigation after treatment Distillery unit  Spentwash will be treated through Biomethanation followed by multi-effect evaporation (MEE) followed by bio-composting. Zero liquid discharge will be achieved.  Spentlees, cleaning water and condensate will be treated in Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU)

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 10-1

Chapter X

8. Air Pollution Existing Venturi Wet Scrubber will be used as air pollution control Control device for device flue gases 9. Power and its During Season Source Sugar+ Distillery = 6.5 MW Source: Captive During off-Season Distillery + misc. for sugar = 1.5 MW Source: Captive or State Electricity Board 10. Fuel Bagasse: ~1091 TPD (45.45 TPH) Source: Own sugar factory 11. Steam Maximum 100 TPH 12. Manpower Total: 711 (Existing 347 + Proposed 364) 13. Total Project Cost Rs. 5,669.1 (Sugar unit Rs. 2295.1 + Distillery Rs. 3374) 14. Capital expenses Rs. 403.90 lakhs(Sugar unit Rs. 64.9 + Distillery Rs. 339) for Environment management

10.2 CONCLUSION During environmental impact assessment study, the potential environmental, social and economic impacts of the above project have been assessed and given in EIA report. The proposed expansion of sugar and distillery unit will have certain levels of marginal impacts on the local environment. It has been endeavored to minimize the negative impacts by addressing them through environmental management plan. Necessary control measures have been suggested to meet with the norms and safeguard the environment. This expansion project will definitely improve the physical and social infrastructure of the surrounding area. Adequate financial provision is made by management of SMSKL for EMP and CSR activities (i.e. for upliftment of the local people). The proposed expansion project will contribute to economic growth and helps in generating Government revenue.

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 10-2

Chapter XI

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT 11.1 CONSULTANT

Vasantdada Sugar Institute Manjari (Bk), Pune – 412307, Maharashtra Phone: (020) 26902100, 26902343/7/6 Fax: (020) 26902244

The Institute has received accreditation from Quality Council of India (QCI)/National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) for EIA consultancy services. It is also a recognized Research and Development center of Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. The EIA report has been prepared by, the Department of Environmental Sciences of VSI, which is affiliated with ‘Savitribai Phule Pune University ’, as Post Graduate and Doctoral course center (i.e. M.Sc. & Ph.D) in the said subject. The activities of the department are represented in the following chart.

Vasantdada Sugar Institute

Department of Environmental Sciences

Teaching and Training Research and Development

Extension and Consultancy Services

Figure 11.1: Activities of Department of Environmental Sciences

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 11-1

Chapter XI

11.2 The project team of EIA study Expert Designation Role / Expertise Dr. Deepali Senior Scientist and Head EIA coordinator and FAE: ISW, SHW, N Nimbalkar Department of Overall coordination of project; impact Environmental Sciences, evaluation/assessment; formulation of EMP, VSI and preparation of EIA report Mr. Shivajirao Director General FAE: SE Deshmukh Vasantdada Sugar Institute Guidance for data collection and analysis; impact assessment; formulation of EMP Dr. Sanjay V Patil Head and Technical Advisor FAE: RH Department of Alcohol Risk analysis and management , impact Technology, VSI assessment and formulation of EMP Dr. Amol B Scientist FAE: EB Deshmane Department of Data and sample collection; interpretation; Environmental Sciences, impact assessment, formulation of EMP; VSI Assistance to EC in coordinating all project activities, Preparation of EIA report

Dr. Eknath P Scientific Officer FAE: WP Alhat Department of Study of project processes and sources of Environmental Sciences, wastewater generation, data interpretation, VSI assistance in coordinating environmental monitoring Dr. D B Phonde Senior Scientist and Head, FAE: SC Soil Sciences section, VSI Guidance for sample collection;

Dr. Preeti Scientist, interpretation; impact assessment, Deshmukh Soil Sciences section, VSI formulation of EMP Dr. Nitin Vice Chancellor, Savitribai FAE: Geology and Hydro-geology Karmalkar Phule Pune University Data interpretation , impact assessment, and (Empanelled) preparation of EMP

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 11-2

Chapter XI

Dr. Preeti Scientist, FAE: LU Deshmukh Soil Science section, VSI Interpretation of land use data and local topographical information, impact assessment and formulation of EMP for the same

Mr. Vivek P. Patil Research Assistant (EIA) FAE : AP, AQ Department of Monitoring of air, Interpretation of Environmental Sciences, VSI monitoring results, AQ modeling, impact assessment and formulation of EMP Ms. Sharada Research Assistant AFAE : WP Department of Rajiwade Study of project processes and sources of Environmental Sciences, VSI wastewater; data interpretation

EIA Report: Expansion of Sugar Mill from 2,500 to 6,000 TCD and Distillery from 30 to 55 KLPD M/s. Shreenath Mhaskoba Sakhar Karkhana, Patethan, Pune 11-3