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The Potential and Prospect for Natural Tourism: a Political Economy of Indonesia

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The Potential and Prospect for Natural Tourism: a Political Economy of Indonesia International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt The Potential and Prospect for Natural Tourism: A Political Economy of Indonesia EFRIYANI SUMASTUTI1,*, EUIS SOLIHA2, ALIMUDIN RIZAL3 1 Universitas PGRI Semarang, Semarang, INDONESIA 2,3 Universitas Stikubank, Semarang, INDONESIA Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential and prospects for tourism development, especially Dieng natural tourism in Indonesia. This study applies a mixed-method and descriptive analysis for analyzing the data. The results show that the potential and prospects for natural tourism in Dieng are still high. Therefore, to optimize the potential of Dieng natural tourism, participation and synergy between actors and government are needed to provide infrastructure, facilities and management of natural tourism effectively. Keywords: Nature tourism, Dieng, Indonesia ISSN: 2367-9131 1 Volume 5, 2020 International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt 1. Introduction tourism development in Central Java, Tourism is a strategic sector which has a specifically in the Dieng area. high multiplier effect on other sectors. The development of tourism will have a positive impact on improving other sectors such as 2. Research Methodology trade, hotel and restaurant, and transportation. The analytical method used in this This has caused many regions to make a study is a combination of quantitative and significant effort to develop the tourism sector qualitative analysis. This study uses primary (Joo, Cho, & Woosnam, 2019; Lundberg, and secondary data. Primary data are obtained 2017; Sugathan & Ranjan, 2019). through focused discussions with stakeholders The tourism sector contributes to and interviews with questionnaire guidelines. regional and national income (Bhandari, 2019; Secondary data are obtained from official Gao, Ryan, Cave, & Zhang, 2019). Tourism publications issued by the central statistics can play a role in reducing unemployment and agency (BPS) and other accessible institutions. creating jobs (Janta, Brown, Lugosi, & Ladkin, The analytical tool for data analysis is 2011; Janta, Lugosi, Brown, & Ladkin, 2012; descriptive, which provides an overview of the Robinson, Baum, Golubovskaya, Solnet, & tourism sector development in Central Java - Callan, 2019). In addition to playing a role as Indonesia, especially Dieng nature tourism. an economic driver, the tourism sector also maintains the sustainability of the nation's culture, appreciation of art, tradition and 3. Results And Discussion national cultural wealth. In the environmental Dieng is a plateau in Central Java. It is aspect, tourism can lift tourism products and part of an active volcanic mountain range. services from the richness and uniqueness of High terrain and beautiful environment make nature and sea, and as an effective tool for the this region becomes very cold. On normal preservation of the natural environment and days, the temperature in the Dieng plateau traditional cultural arts (Lane, 2018; Lee & usually ranges from 11-18 ° C. However, in Jan, 2019; Mucharreira, Antunes, Abranja, certain seasons, temperatures can even reach Justino, & Quirós, 2019; Pilving, Kull, the freezing point of 0 ° C which makes this Suškevics, & Viira, 2019; Shafiee, Rajabzadeh place even cooler. Ghatari, Hasanzadeh, & Jahanyan, 2019). Dieng is the area which has In Indonesia, tourism development also biogeophysical, social, economic and cultural has a contribution to economic development in links. It is located in parts of the Banjarnegara, increasing foreign exchange earnings. The role Wonosobo, Temanggung, Kendal, Batang and of the tourism sector in increasing the country's Pekalongan districts. Dieng area includes foreign exchange needs to be supported by Pekalongan area of 18,786.04 Ha, every element including the tourism sector in Temanggung covering 5,000 Ha, Batang Central Java Province. Therefore, this study covering 5,000 Ha, and Kendal covering aims to identify the potential and prospects for 1,541.34 Ha. A map of the Dieng area is shown in Figure 1. ISSN: 2367-9131 2 Volume 5, 2020 International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt Figure 1. Map of the Dieng Area Dieng area has a historic heritage in the attractions makes the Dieng area as a tourist form of Hindu temples. Besides, there are destination for domestic and foreign tourists. attractions such as Sikidang Crater, Dieng area is one of the best places to enjoy Candradimuka Crater, Color Lake, 2 Menjer the beauty of nature from a height. Ponds, and so forth. The existence of these Figure 2. Dieng Entrance Gate To reach the location of the Dieng, house of President Soeharto. The potential of tourists can only use land transportation via the Arjuna temple for tourist destinations is very highway, where public transportation is very high. However, several locations are still in the limited. Some tourist destinations in the Dieng process of rehabilitation and explanation of area are: information about the temple which is less 1. Arjuna Temple strategically placed. Arjuna temple is located in the Banjarnegara region and there is a presidential ISSN: 2367-9131 3 Volume 5, 2020 International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt Figure 3. Arjuna Temple in Java. The entrance to Sembungan village is 2. Highest Village the way to the Sikunir hill. In the Dieng area, there is Sembungan village, which is known as the highest village Figure 4. Entrance Gate of Sembungan Village resting place. To take this distance takes about 3. Sikunir Hill 30-60 minutes and is very dependent on the To reach the top of Sikunir, tourists physical condition of each tourist. Some need to walk as far as 800 meters, with the natural beauty can be seen from the top of road conditions uphill. Within 800 meters, it is Sikunir. divided into 3 posts. At each post, there is a Figure 5. The View from Sikunir Hill There are some unique fruits on the top of Sikunir. They are shown in Figure 6. ISSN: 2367-9131 4 Volume 5, 2020 International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt Figure 6. Fruits from Puncak Sikunir According to the story, Candradimuka 4. Candradimuka Crater is a crater used to bathe Gatotkaca (puppet characters) so that he becomes a magical man. Figure 7. Candradimuka Crater Pandang, tourists can see a lake of colors with 5. Gardu Pandang a very beautiful view. However, there are some To get to Gardu Pandang, tourists need facilities, such as a shaking bridge which to climb about 400 meters. From Gardu cannot function properly. Figure 8. Gardu Pandang 3.1 Potential of Natural Tourism The contribution of tourism in Indonesia in foreign exchange earnings is one of the ISSN: 2367-9131 5 Volume 5, 2020 International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt relatively high. However, compared to global potential to be increased. The following is data and other countries' achievements, the on the contribution of foreign exchange in the contribution of tourism in Indonesia's foreign tourism sector of Indonesia compared to other exchange earnings is still limited and it has the commodities. USD Miliar 25,0 21,9 20,4 20,0 18,0 17,4 16,0 14,6 15,0 14,2 12,7 12,3 12,6 12,2 11,9 2015 2016 2017 9,5 10,0 8,8 8,9 8,4 7,6 7,3 7,2 7,4 6,6 6,3 5,8 5,5 5,0 3,8 3,8 3,6 3,9 3,7 3,4 ‐ CPO Batubara Pariwisata Tekstil Alat Listrik Barang Makanan Karet Karet Kertas Logam Source: Bank Indonesia Figure 9. Indonesian Foreign Exchange Earnings per Commodity The development of the tourism sector in coming to various tourist destinations and Central Java - Indonesia showed an increase events, as shown in Table 1. with the growth in the number of visitors Table 1. Number of Foreign and Domestic Tourists Tourists Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Overseas 392.895 372.463 388.143 419.584 375.166 578.924 Domestic 21.838.351 25.240.021 29.430.609 29.852.095 31.432.080 36.899.776 Total 22.231.246 25.612.484 29.818.752 30.271.679 31.807.246 37.478.700 Source: Culture and Tourism Office of Central Java Province, 2011-2016 The number of attractions in Central Java has 235. Variations in the types of attractions is more than any other province in Java. As of are also diverse including natural, cultural, 2016, Central Java has 317 attractions. The religious, historical, shopping, attractions, and number of attractions in the Province of DKI culinary. The income of the tourism sector in Jakarta has 32 objects, West Java has 218, Java for 5 years can be seen in Table 2. Banten has 210, DIY has 115, and East Java Table 2. Tourism Sector Revenues in Java (in million rupiahs) Province 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 DKI Jakarta 2.345.221 2.535.293 3.129.712 3.912.471 4.271.820 West Jawa 365.689 417.930 419.184 420.242 442.231 Banten 66. 826 63.518 68.952 65.458 65.169 Central Java 130.876 182.513 220.025 236.813 261.702 DIY 106.215 153.174 188.839 241.955 286.993 East Jawa 269.430 298.619 323.854 361.983 398.210 Source: Indonesian Ministry of Tourism Pusdatin, 2011-2015 ISSN: 2367-9131 6 Volume 5, 2020 International Journal of Tourism Efriyani Sumastuti et al. http://www.iaras.org/iaras/journals/business-economics/ijt Table 2 shows that Central Java Province visiting Central Java 2-3 times, and not a few has the highest number of attractions.
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