2018 International Conference on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Environmental Sustainability (ICACEES 2018) ISBN: 978-1-60595-571-1

Construction and Level Measurement of the Evaluation Index System of Province’s Coordinated Development Between

Green and Low-carbon for New Urbanization

Youjun Li and Wei Li

ABSTRACT

This paper takes Heilongjiang Province as an example to construct the evaluation index system of Heilongjiang Province's coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization. The entropy weight method was used to measure the coordinated development level of green and low-carbon for new urbanization in 12 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province. The results show that is the highest level area of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization, and Qiqihaer belong to the higher level areas of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization, and belong to the lower level areas of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization, , Yichun, , , , and belong to the lowest level areas of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization1.

INTRODUCTION

The new urbanization is different from the traditional urbanization. It emphasizes low-carbon development, circular development, and green development. Therefore, we must re-examine and objectively evaluate the new level of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization, clarify the realities of its development, and provide the basis for a type of

1Youjun Li, Wei Li. School of Economics and Management, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318,

379 coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization, and have important practical significance for China’s new urbanization[1]. At present, there is a lack of research on the measurement of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization. Heilongjiang Province belongs to underdeveloped areas and is an important production base and old industrial base for commodity grain, agriculture and animal husbandry. In recent years, the urbanization rate has grown steadily. In 2017, the urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 59.4% which are concentrated on the fact that although the level of urbanization is higher than the national average, but the quality of urbanization is low and the pace of development is slowing down. How the new type of urbanization in Heilongjiang Province grasps the regional characteristics and realizes the coordinated development of green and low carbon is in line with the needs of the long-term strategic development of the country. Therefore, this paper measures the level of Heilongjiang Province's coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization.

EVALUATION METHODAND CONSTRUCTIONOF EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM

Construction of Evaluation Index System

With the continuous in-depth development of new urbanization, different scholars have adopted different evaluation indicators to evaluate the level: LinXu(2014) found that the new urbanization process pays more attention to urban ecological sustainability, the livability of the city and the soft power of the city's culture[2]. Xiaoli Fan (2015) established an indicator system from the aspects of environmental quality level, infrastructure level and quality of life[3]. WenZhang (2016) believe that the concept should be adhered to in the development of new urbanization, and an indicator system should be established in terms of the speed of urbanization and the quality of urbanization development[4].WenChen (2017) selected input indicators as resource indicators and environmental indicators, and output indicators were selected as regional GDP[5]. Based on the results of many scholars' research, according to the principles of science, system, dynamics, and comparability from the six aspects of resource which are environment, industrial structure, capital investment, population, education, and culture to build the evaluation index system is shown in Table I.

380 TABLE I. CONSTRUCTION OF EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM. Target layer First-level indicators Secondary indicators Index name Per capita park green X Environment area 1 Smoke dust emissions X2 Energy consumption X3 The second industry accounts for the X4 Industrial structure proportion of GDP Tertiary industry's share X of GDP 5 Every town in town has the evaluation index public transportation X6 system of vehicles Heilongjiang Built-up area green X Province's coordinated coverage 7 development between Capital investment City gas penetration X green and low-carbon rate 8 for new urbanization. Urban sewage X treatment capacity 9 Domestic garbage X volume 10 Employment of secondary industry X11 Population workers in employment Employment of tertiary X industry workers 12 Education Number of students in X regular colleges 13 Culture Public library books X14

Evaluation Method

The concrete steps for measuring the coordinated development level of green and low carbon in the new urbanization of Heilongjiang Province are as follows. The first step is data processing. The normalized method is used for the normalization of raw data xij to calculate the proportion pij, that is:

xij ij P 12 0 i  12  （1）  xij i1 In the second step, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each index in the evaluation index system. Using this method can avoid the interference of human factors, so that the evaluation results have a higher degree of objectivity and credibility.

381 Based on the entropy weight method, the specific calculation steps for the determination of index weights in the evaluation index system of Heilongjiang Province's coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization are as follows: Calculation of entropy. Get the evaluation index entropy weight ej, namely:

12 j    ln PPke ijij 0 i  12 j  ,,2,1 14 （2） i1

Calculate the degree of deviation. Forward the entropy, the problem of reducing the difference in the indexes caused by the decrease of the entropy value is greater, and the degree of deviation gj of the j-th index is obtained:

1 eg jj j  ,,2,1 14 （3） Calculate weights. The value obtained by normalizing the degree of deviation calculated above is the weight of each indicator. The weighting formula for the j-th indicator is:

gj j （ ） w  14 4  gj j1 Calculate the composite score. The standardized evaluation index value is multiplied by its corresponding index weight to obtain the comprehensive score of Heilongjiang Province's new urbanization green and low carbon coordinated development. The formula is:

14 j  j  PwF ij j  ,,2,1 14 （5） j1

LEVEL MEASUREMENT OF THE EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM

This study mainly analyzes the coordinated development level of green and low- carbon urbanization in 12 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province. The data comes mainly from the 2016 Statistical Yearbook of Heilongjiang Province, the Statistical Communiqué of Heilongjiang Province on National Economic and Social Development 2016, and the 2016 China City Statistical Yearbook.

382 Specific Steps

First, data processing. The normalized results of the original data are using the formula (1) for normalization. Second, weights are determined using the entropy method. Use formula (2) to obtain the evaluation index entropy weight: e=(0.9855, 0.8744, 0.8550, 0.9799, 0.9820, 0.9713 0.9922, 0.9822, 0.7715, 0.8648, 0.9624, 0.9774, 0.5054, 0.6372) Use formula (3) to get the degree of deviation of the indicator: g=(0.0145, 0.1256, 0.1450, 0.0201, 0.0180, 0.0287, 0.0078, 0.0178, 0.2285, 0.1352, 0.0376, 0.0226, 0.4946, 0.3628) Using formula (4) to get the weight of the indicator: w=(0.0088, 0.0757, 0.0874, 0.0121, 0.0109, 0.0173, 0.0047, 0.0107, 0.1377, 0.0815, 0.0227, 0.0136, 0.2982, 0.2187) Finally, using formula (5) to obtain the comprehensive score of Heilongjiang Province's new urbanization green and low-carbon coordinated development level, see Table II.

TABLE II. COMPREHENSIVESCORE. City Comprehensive score Harbin 0.45050 0.09102 Jixi 0.03719 Hegang 0.02946 Shuangyashan 0.03259 Daqing 0.13343 Yichun 0.03428 Jiamusi 0.05017 Qitaihe 0.03025 Mudanjiang 0.06079 Heihe 0.02202 Suihua 0.02831

Result Analysis

The highest comprehensive score for Heilongjiang Province's new urbanization of green and low-carbon coordinated development level is Harbin, which is 0.4505. The Heihe with the lowest comprehensive score is 0.02202, and the calculated difference between the two cities is 0.42848. The average composite score of the new type of green, low-carbon coordinated development level in Heilongjiang Province is 0.0833, with a standard deviation of 0.1201. The range and standard deviations are relatively large, reflecting the obvious regional differences in the coordinated development of green and low-carbon urbanization in 12 prefecture- level cities in Heilongjiang Province. As can be seen from Table 2, Harbin is much highest than the average level of the province, Daqing and Qiqihar are slightly

383 higher than the average level of the province, Mudanjiang and Jiamusi are slightly lower than the provincial average, while Jixi, Yichun, Shuangyashan, Qitaihe, Hegang, Suihua and Heihe are far below the provincial average. According to the average level of the new urbanization of green and low-carbon coordinated development in Heilongjiang Province and the development gap between cities, the 12 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province are divided into four categories: (1)New urbanization, green and low-carbon coordinated areas of highest level development. Harbin is a new type of high-level, green, low-carbon, coordinated development of urbanization. Harbin is the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. In the future, the new urbanization of green and low-carbon construction, it should use its provincial capital cities to promote the radiation, through the implementation of the "Internet +" manufacturing strategy, promote the transformation and upgrading of the petrochemical industry, vigorously develop the integration A new generation of information network technology emerging industries, vigorously develop modern service industry; strengthen links with neighboring cities, promote the interactive development of green and low-carbon urbanization between cities. (2)New urbanization, green and low-carbon coordinated areas of higher levels development. Daqing is a typical resource-based city. Its industrial structure is relatively simple. It should vigorously develop the new energy and new materials industry, make full use of resources such as wetland, geothermal, ice and snow, and red tourism to develop eco-tourism and take advantage of the existing high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises. Qiqihar should vigorously develop the tourism industry, give full play to its dominant position in the of crane habitats, and use the advantages of location near the main Russian source country and good environmental advantages to develop international tourism. (3)New urbanization, green and low-carbon coordinated areas of lower level development. Mudanjiang should further integrate local tourism resources, develop and establish waterfront towns along the river, featured towns in the forest area to enhance the influence of featured brands such as Livable Mudanjiang and leisure Jingpohu, and further develop Jingpohu Tourism Circle. Jiamusi should use its position in the center of the Northeast Asian economic circle to vigorously develop the foreign economy, attract more foreign capital to invest in urbanization, strengthen the construction of ecological and characteristic agriculture, attach importance to eco-tourism in wetlands. Focus on development, optimize the urbanization of the ecological environment, and gradually build an ecological city. (4)New urbanization, green and low-carbon coordinated areas of lowest level development. Jixi, Shuangyashan, Qitaihe and Hegang are resource-based cities that rely on coal for their development. Due to the limited resources of coal resources, the impetus for economic development is insufficient, and the level of coordinated development of green, low-carbon urbanization is increasing slowly. Yichun should rely on the use of radiation in Harbin to continuously improve the urban infrastructure such as roads, greening, and water supply, and use the abundant

384 resources of the forest area to develop the characteristics of the existing Jinshan Township, Langxiang Town, and Meihuashan Township. Small town construction. Suihua is an important agricultural city in Heilongjiang Province. It can develop ecological agriculture and improve agricultural science and technology innovation capabilities through cooperation with universities and colleges in other regions. Heihe is subject to natural historical conditions, and its economic foundation is weak. The advantages of opening cities along the border should be brought into play and to strengthen infrastructure and tourism environment construction so as to promote the green and low-carbon development of new urbanization.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, the new urbanization of cities in Heilongjiang Province has a large gap between green and low-carbon development levels. The city with the highest level of development is Harbin, and its surrounding areas such as Daqing and Qiqihar are more urbanized than the seven cities far from the provincial capital. Qitaihe, Hegang, Suihua, Heihe and other cities. The cities of Heilongjiang Province should integrate the concept of ecological civilization into the development of urbanization in the construction of new urbanization. They must combine their own specific conditions, give full play to their advantages, and formulate practical and feasible green and low-carbon development strategies to gradually reduce Regional differences between regions, improve the quality of urbanization development, achieve a new type of coordinated development between green and low-carbon for new urbanization, and promote the development of local economy in Heilongjiang Province.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Project: Heilongjiang Social Science Research Project of the Year “Research on Coordinated Development Mechanism and Path of Green and Low Carbon in New Urbanization in Heilongjiang Province” No. 14E070 Northeast Petroleum University School Culture Fund Project “Research on Green Green and Low Carbon Coordinated Development Path of New Towns in China”.

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