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The Rebirth of Infantry: 14Th Century Europe

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The Rebirth of Infantry: 14Th Century Europe Men of Iron BATTLE BOOK 1 BATTLE BOOK Warfare in The Middle Ages Volume I The Rebirth of Infantry: 14th Century Europe The Battles of Falkirk, Courtrai, Bannockburn, Creçy, Poitiers, and Najera Table of Contents Preface ............................................................... 2 POITIERS, France, September 19, 1356 ................. 15 FALKIRK, Scotland, 22 July, 1298 .......................... 2 NAJERA, Castile (Spain), 3 April, 1367 .................. 18 COURTRAI, Flanders, 11 July, 1302 ....................... 5 Sources ...................................................................... 22 BANNOCKBURN, Scotland, 23-24 June, 1314 ...... 8 Counter scans ............................................................ 23 CREÇY, France, 26 August, 1346 ............................ 11 © 2005 GMT Games, LLC P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com #0502 Version 1.1 with Infidel Addenda 2 Men of Iron BATTLE BOOK easily outpacing the availability of food. Wallace, aware that PREFACE Edward’s army, mostly Welsh foot, was close to the breaking Europe in the 14th century is rife with battles. Big battles, small point from lack of food, prepared to attack the approaching battles, ambushes, raids, skirmishes - fighting was the main English. occupation of the upper classes, and these folks took their jobs seriously, as the political situation was slowly changing from Edward, though, had no intention of allowing his position to be feudalism to an early form of nationalism. There’s no shortage defensive, and, having been informed that Wallace’s army was of possible subject matter. only 15 or so miles ahead, called off breakfast (not that there was much to have) and pushed his men forward. This seems to have Unfortunately, there is a shortage of specific, reliable informa- caught Wallace unaware and, because of his shortage of cavalry tion, even on the battles for which there is a lot of information. and archers, he could not withdraw without suffering great losses. For example, lots of folks wrote about Poitiers; none of them So, with no other option available, he chose the best ground seem to agree. Aside from the usual numbers questions, there is available and deployed in the best method he knew to minimize much discussion on how armies and men actually fought these the impact of the considerable English mounted arm. battles ... the tactics of the day. His real problem was that he had few archers, and, for all intents For example, a major question is where exactly did all those and purposes, he now had a huge pike army deployed so defen- archers deploy in the battle line? Read five books, get five sively that they could not move. answers. The advance of the mounted English men-at-arms quickly dis- What we do see is an increased number of archers and a greater patched the few Scots cavalry, but found it difficult to penetrate reliance on those troops, often deployed with infantry, usually, but the schiltron. So they simply waited for their longbows and pike not always, on their wings. Men-at-Arms still fought mounted, to arrive. The English longbows, unopposed by similar Scots but, in more than half of the battles, they dismounted. And much units, shot the schiltron to ribbons, and the English pike infantry use was made of barriers, both natural and man-made. With saga- moved in to finish it all up. cious use of all of these in a combined defense, it was becoming harder and harder to win as an attacker. General Play Note This battle is basically for solitaire, as the Scots infantry schiltron Note on Selecting Units was basically immobile (until it broke and ran). In essence, given Many units appear in more than one battle. They are made iden- this situation, it is almost impossible for the English to “lose.” tifiable for scenario purposes by their Command Color Stripe. In We have provided an alternative for possible face-to-face play. the Deployment sections of each battle they are so listed, along Maybe you can do better than Wallace, who didn’t do well at with the numbers of units to be used when that Command Color all here. has more than are needed. Playing Time is about an hour. INITIAL DEPLOYMENTS FALKIRK Scots Army Leaders: William Wallace; James, High Steward (cavalry); Sir Scotland, 22 July, 1298 John Stewart (archers) Historical Background Standard: William Wallace (not used in the historical sce- In 1298, Edward I, King of England, smarting from the disaster nario). the previous year at Stirling Bridge, where his army, under the Deployment: Earl of Surrey, had been grandly snookered by the rambunctious • Mounted Men-at-Arms: 1419, 1518 (James with either unit) [a] William Wallace (Edward had been busy elsewhere), decided it was time to start hammering the Scots. • Archers: 1908-09, 1913-14, 1918-19; John Stewart anywhere you wish. Calling in all of his lords—and many of them did come—and • Pike [b]: 1905-7, 1910-12, 1915-17, 1920-22, 1805, 1808, hiring the usual contingent of Welsh infantry, longbow and pike, 1810, 1813, 1815, 1818, 1820, 1823, 1705, 1707, 1710, 1712, but in significantly large numbers (around 10,000 or so), Edward 1715, 1717, 1720, 1722, 1606-7, 1611-12, 1616-17, 1621-22. headed north to wreak vengeance and, as a not inconsequential Note: 36 Scots pikemen are needed. Use all the Scots PK, sideshow, subjugate all of Scotland. except for Robert I’s #1–4. In the meantime, Wallace, whose position as head of the Scots • Wallace: Wherever you want. rested solely on his popularity gleaned from military success and not any standing in Scots nobility, was doing his best to round The Pike units all start in Schiltron (see below); facing should up another army, not always easy to do in Scotland. be such that no unit’s Rear is exposed. (And no snide comments, either.) Edward, eager for battle, pushed his excellent army to the edge, © 2005 GMT Games, LLC Living Rules Version 1.1 with Infidel Addenda 03/15/2012 Men of Iron BATTLE BOOK 3 a = The few mounted men-at-arms that Wallace did have most likely Leaders: Edward I King of England [c]; Henry de Lacey, Earl of started in the rear, center, along with Wallace. However, as they saw Lincoln; Anthony Bek, Bishop of Durham [a]; John de Warenne, the English vanguard approaching towards their right flank, they went Earl of Surrey [b] on over to block its approach, situating themselves between the rear of the right wing schiltron and the woods. Standards: King Edward I. Earls of Lincoln and Surrey, Bishop b = Wallace, who supposedly was planning on marching out against of Durham. The Standards may be placed at any time all the Edward’s approaching army, appears to have been caught a bit unpre- infantry from that command is on the map, and anywhere south pared by their rapid approach. His only tactic—pretty much required of the Glen-Westquarter Burns. by his shortage of cavalry and archers—was to deploy his infantry as you see them, in four huge circular schiltrons. The Scots do not appear Facing: As Desired. to have had any significant number of axe-armed infantry at Falkirk; see Bannockburn. Deployment: • Lincoln’s Mounted Men-at-Arms: 2423–4; Lincoln with either English Army unit. HISTORICAL NOTE: The English Army, hungry but eager to • Surrey’s Mounted Men-at-Arms (#s 1–2): 2720, 2820; Surrey fight—the mounted upper class somewhat beyond eager—was with either unit. ostensibly organized in four “battles”, or divisions, each with contingents of men-at-arms, archers and pike. However, they did • Bek’s Mounted Men-at-Arms: 2505–6; Bek with either unit not arrive on the field in that form. The mounted men-at-arms, • Edward’s Mounted Men-at-Arms (#s 1-3); 1 Mounted Hobilars literally hot to trot, moved way out ahead, some out-cantering (# 1) [d]: 2808, 2908, 3009, 3109; Edward with any unit. their mounted support. The first stage of the battle—the English • Lincoln’s Battle (Vanguard): (4 LB Archers #s 1-4; 6 Pike cavalry driving off the Scots cavalry and archers, then finding Infantry #s 1–4, 8–9): 3017–18, 3116–17, 3216–17, 3315–16, out they couldn’t do anything against the schiltron—was over in 3416–17. plenty of time for them to fall back slightly and take a breather before the foot—mainly the archers—arrived to finish off the All other Foot arrives as reinforcements. Scots. © 2005 GMT Games, LLC Living Rules Version 1.1 with Infidel Addenda 03/15/2012 4 Men of Iron BATTLE BOOK a = Bek, the Bishop of Durham—and far more a soldier than a church- towards where the Scots are deployed. The rise does not seem man—was the one who tried to halt the headlong rush of the spirited, to have had any impact on the battle. but not overly bright, mounted nobles, only to be told by one Ralph Bassett to go say a mass. This was a day for fighting. The two burns are shallow, but with somewhat difficult “banks”. b = Warenne was the commander of the English army at the disaster The confluence of the two burns, the bog of pools and marsh in at Stirling Bridge. That meager performance obviously did not greatly the center, was impassable, a fact that the English did not see hurt his standing with Edward. until Lincoln’s mounted men-at-arms rode up to it, halted then c= Edward has a reduced Movement Capability. The evening before the decided to ride around it. We have started the game slightly after battle his horse stepped on him while he was on the ground, breaking that decision. a couple of his ribs. He fought in some pain.
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