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Historiogtl 'Revle-w The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE 0. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University, Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia 1 . COVER DESCRIPTION: In January 1939, sharecroppers in the Bootheel moved onto the roadsides along Routes 60 and 61 to protest their dispossession from the land. At that time, landlords capitalized on New Deal policy under which they were paid to reduce cotton production and released their tenants. Upon State Health Commissioner Harry Parker's recommendation, the Highway Patrol removed the demonstrators to a campground between the levee and the Mississippi River in New Madrid County. This photo graph by Arthur Rothstein is in the Southern Historical Collection, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. For an account of this event, see: "The Plight of the People in the Sharecroppers' Demonstration in Southeast Missouri," published in this issue. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR R. DOUGLAS HURT ASSOCIATE EDITOR LEON A S. MORRIS RESEARCH ASSISTANT Copyright © 1987 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The Missouri Historical Review (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by The State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. SOCIETY HOURS: The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 VOLUME LXXXI P.M., Monday through Friday, and Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., except legal holidays. NUMBER 4 Holiday Schedule: The Society will be closed Saturday during the Memorial Day, Labor Day and Thanksgiving JULY, 1987 weekends; and Saturday, December 26, 1987 and January 2, 1988. THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1986-1989 JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis, President Avis TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G.J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau FRANCIS M. BARNES HI, Kirkwood LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1987 H. RILEY BOCK, Portageville GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence Webster Groves ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1988 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1989 MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville DALTON C. WRIGHT, Lebanon EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relat ing to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Mis souri history will be considered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared ac cording to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on PC/DOS, 360K floppy disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, pre ferably a Displaywrite 3 or 4 program. Otherwise, it must be in ASCII format. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accepted. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of The State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be pub lished elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: His tory and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quar terly and The Journal of American History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be addressed to: Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor Missouri Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 SOCIETY AWARDS At the annual meeting in the autumn, the State Historical Society confers four awards for distin guished service and historical research. The Dis tinguished Service Award is presented to a member who has given exceptional service to the Society and to the State of Missouri in the promotion and dissemination of knowledge concerning the history of our region. The recipient of this award receives an engraved citation and a medallion. The Society also presents the Richard S. Brownlee Fund Award. This cash award is given to the person or institu tion that has made a substantial contribution to the history of Missouri. In addition, the Society awards a three-hundred-dollar cash prize and an engraved citation for the best article published during the calendar year in the Missouri Historical Review. A three-hundred-dollar Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award is presented each year to a student who has written the best historical paper on the state or territory. In odd-numbered years, the Shoemaker Award is presented to a senior high school student; in even-numbered years, it is awarded to a junior class college or university student. A three-member committee, appointed by the president of the Society will select the Distinguished Service member. No active officers or trustees of the Society, with the exception of past presidents, may be nominated for this award. The winner of the Richard S. Brownlee Fund Award will be selected by the Finance Committee of the State Historical Society. Three historians appointed by the director will choose the prize-winning article from the Review. The Department of History at the University of Missouri-Columbia will judge the articles for the Floyd C. Shoemaker Award. Nominations for all awards should be submitted to: Dr. James W. Goodrich, Director The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201. STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS AND GIFTS Memberships in The State Historical Society of Mis souri are available in the following categories: Annual Membership $5.00 Contributing Annual Membership $25.00 Supporting Annual Membership $50.00 Sustaining Annual Membership $100.00 to $499.00 Patron Annual Membership $500.00 or more Life Membership $100.00 Each category of membership is tax deductible. Member ships help The State Historical Society preserve and disseminate the history of Missouri. The Missouri His torical Review is included as a membership benefit of the Society. Gifts of cash and property to the Society are de ductible for federal income, estate and gift tax purposes. Inquiries concerning memberships, gifts or bequests to the Society should be addressed to: James W. Goodrich, Director The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 Phone (314) 882-7083 CONTENTS NICHOLAS DE FINIELS: MAPPING THE MISSISSIPPI & MISSOURI RIVERS, 1797-1798. By W. Raymond Wood 387 THE PLIGHT OF THE PEOPLE IN THE SHARECROPPERS' DEMONSTRATION IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. By Arvarh E. Strickland 403 THE DEMISE OF O'REILLY HOSPITAL