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Résumés / Abstracts Résumés / Abstracts Présentation générale par Anaïd Donabédian et Reza Mir-Samii (p. 5) 1. Dossier : Approche grammaticale et énonciative des genres de discours brefs Irmtraud Behr & Florence Lefeuvre : Présentation du dossier (p. 9) Christine Copy : Construction du sens dans les légendes de panneaux de signalisation routière en anglais [Traffic sign captions in a driver’s manual in English: how to construct meaning] (p. 13) RESUME : Cet article étudie certaines formes linguistiques caractéristiques des énoncés averbaux figurant sous les reproductions de panneaux de signalisation dans le manuel Know your traffic signs en tant qu’ils permettent de reconstruire leurs conditions de production et de diffusion et de corréler le fonctionnement des formes en langue avec le registre textuel. Sont en particulier étudiés : i) la mise en place du protocole co-énonciatif qui garantit l’adhésion des protagonistes du discours du manuel ; ii) les formes lexico-grammaticales et leurs rôles dans la mise en place d’occurrences d’événements préconstruits ; iii) la détermination de la relation prédicative posée en relation d’identification qualitative avec la situation repère. Les caractéristiques ainsi dégagées sont mises en relation avec la fonction didactique du texte. ABSTRACT : The purpose of this article is to study the linguistic features of the verbless utterances provided under road signs pictures in the driver’s manual Know your traffic signs. We show how they enable learners to reconstruct the conditions of their production and diffusion, and we correlate their grammatical functioning with the textual register. Three points are examined: i) the setting up of the co-enunciative protocol which guarantees that the co-speakers validate the instructions they are given; ii) the way the lexico-grammatical forms partake in the setting up of pre- constructed occurrences of events; iii) the determination of the predicative relation which is interpreted as directly identified with the situation of reference. The linguistic characteristics thus identified are related to the didactic function of these indications. Laurence Rouanne : Le modèle linguistique des panneaux à messages variables en France et en Espagne [Linguistic Model of Variable Message Signs in France and Spain] (p. 27) RESUME : Les PMV –panneaux à message variable– sont un lieu d’expression particulier de la langue. Soumis d’une part à une stricte réglementation et d’autre part, limités dans leur expression par un espace très réduit, les messages des PMV forment un genre de discours bref particulier, exclusif de l’écrit, qui tout en ayant recours aux composants prototypiques de la langue en fait un usage très spécifique : type de 210 Faits de Langues police, syntaxe, lexique, emploi des temps et des personnes, système de la détermination, phrases elliptiques, etc., lui sont propres. Une comparaison entre les PMV français et espagnol permet de mettre à jour les similitudes et les divergences de ce type de discours dans deux langues et deux pays différents. On différencie également les messages portant sur des campagnes de sécurité routière et ceux relatifs à des incidents ponctuels, tels les embouteillages, les accidents, les travaux, etc. ABSTRACT : Variable Message Signs are a specific form of short speech, subject to strict regulations. They are limited to a certain length, are exclusively to be found in the written form and while they use habitual language components, they also have distinctive characteristics: type of font, syntax, lexicon, usage of verb tenses and persons, determination system, elliptical phrases, inter alia. A comparison between Variable Message Signs in French and in Spanish enables us to uncover the similarities and differences in this type of speech in two languages and two different countries. A distinction is also made between messages for road safety campaigns and those used for one-off events like traffic jams, accidents, works, etc. Irmtraud Behr : Indexicalité linguistique, iconique, matérielle – l’emploi du déictique «hier» dans quelques panneaux allemands [Linguistic, iconic and physical indexicality – the usage of deictical «hier» (here) on panels in public space] (p. 41) RESUME : L’article pose la question de savoir si l’actualisation par localisation spatiale est suffisante pour les panneaux dans l’espace public, ici l’espace public germanophone. Il ressort de l’examen de quelques genres brefs que l’emploi d’un déictique (en l’occurrence «hier» (ici)) n’est pas redondant de l’actualisation par localisation mais remplit d’autres fonctions. Parmi les plus importantes, celle d’ancrage d’un message dans la situation particulière créée par le panneau (par exemple dans le cas d’un horodateur) ou encore celle de l’ouverture à d’autres discours (à un «ici» peut correspondre au moins un «ailleurs»). L’ancrage situationnel par le déictique permet notamment de contextualiser l’infinitif déontique qui perd ainsi son caractère général, non adressé, et devient plutôt instructionnel. Localisation spatiale (emplacement du panneau), guidance du regard (flèches) et déictique (ancrage et contextualisation) se combinent. ABSTRACT : Is the presence of panels in a given place enough to actualize them in the German public space? It appears that the use of deictics (especially «hier» (here)) is not superfluous, as it serves several functions. One of them is to anchor the message in the particular situations created by the panel (e.g. a ticket machine), another is to link the current discourse to other situations (if you have a «here», there will be a «there, at another place»). Anchoring the ethical infinitive in a precise situation will make it less general and more precisely addressed to the reader of the panel. Spatial localization (the precise place of the panel), iconic visual guides and deictics (anchoring and contextualization) work together. Florence Lefeuvre : Genres de discours brefs et structures averbales [Short discursive genres and verbless grammatical structures] (p. 55) RESUME : L’objet de cet article est d’examiner si le genre de discours peut influencer le choix des structures grammaticales. Deux genres de discours brefs ont été examinés .
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