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The Polish-Czech Relations CONFLICT – COMPETITION – COOPERATION IN CENTRAL EUROPE IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES. THE INTRICACIES OF THE POLISH-CZECH RELATIONS edited by Dušan Janák, Tomasz Skibiński and Radosław Zenderowski Table of Contents Introduction 7 Translation by: I. THE HISTORY POLITICS IN CENTRAL EUROPE Jana Bortlíková (abstracts trl. from Czech language) Břetislav Koziel (chapters: 2, 7, 9, from Czech language) Radosław Zenderowski Leszek Wójcik (chapters: 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 + other elements, from Polish language) The history politics today and tomorrow – an attempt at conceptualization and predictions 11 Jan Zasadil (chapter 4, from Czech language) Lukáš Vomlela © Copyright by The history politics in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic 29 Authors & Instytut Nauk o Polityce i Administracji UKSW Krzysztof Cebul The history politics in Poland 45 Reviewers: Doc. PhDr. Jiří Friedl, Ph. D., DSc. II. THE POLISH-CZECH (AND POLISH-CZECHOSLOVAK) RELATIONS BEFORE 1989 Dr hab. Krzysztof Koźbiał, prof. UJ Rudolf Žáček The Czecho(slovak)-Polish relations until 1945 57 First Edition Bartłomiej Dźwigała This book was published thanks to the suport: The Polish-Czech relations (in the 10th – 16th centuries) in historical reflections of Oskar Halecki 89 Adam Buława The Polish-Czechoslovak relations before 1945 97 Dušan Janák The Czechoslovak-Polish relations in 1945-1989 113 DTP: Marian Siedlaczek Jarosław Drozd Cover: Marian Siedlaczek The relations between Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1945-1989 141 III. THE POLISH-CZECH (AND POLISH-CZECHOSLOVAK) RELATIONS 30 YEARS Publisher: AFTER THE FALL OF THE IRON CURTAIN: SUCCESSES, FAILURES, CHALLENGES Instytut Nauk o Polityce i Administracji Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie Jiří Kocian Wóycickiego 1/3 Street build. No. 23 The Czech-Polish relations after the fall of the iron curtain 159 PL 01-938 Warszawa Antoni Dudek Tel. : +48 22 569 68 29 The relations between Poland and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic E-mail: ip@uksw. edu. pl in the first years after the collapse of the communism system www. politologia. uksw. edu. pl in the context of the European integration process (1990-1993) 175 Piotr Bajda The Polish-Czech relations on the eve of the 30th anniversary of signing the treaty on friendly neighborhood 189 ISBN 978-83-961204-1-0 Conclusion 207 Bibliography 209 Authors’ biographical notes 235 Abstracts 239 Introduction The importance of the Polish-Czech relations has recently been growing in the con- text of intensified cooperation between the countries within the Visegrád Group, the Three Seas Initiative, as well as the European Union and the NATO. Of vital signif- icance is also the development of bilateral cooperation, including dynamic growth of trade exchange, advanced cooperation in Polish-Czech trans-border regions (in- cluding local government and civil diplomacy). Those believing that we have always had good Polish-Czech relations will find it surprising that over the past three de- cades the relations between Prague and Warsaw have greatly improved. Taking into account the past 100 years of mutual Polish-Czech relations in the sphere of political relations between the countries, we cannot help thinking that on one hand they have been marked by distrust, suspicion and aversion, but on the other hand, there have been many politicians and representatives of cultural elites on both sides who aimed at developing a new formula of Polish-Czech relations, in which conflicts and competition would be replaced by cooperation based on part- nership principles. It seems that – at least before 1989 – the first of the above men- tioned aspects dominated.And although the past 30 years have brought significant efforts aimed at improving the bilateral relations, the above-mentioned ambiva- lence in mutual relations can still be felt. Proper understanding of the history of Polish-Czech relations is absolutely nec- essary if we want to understand the causes and conditions of particular distrust, prejudice or aversion on one hand, and the will and desire to understand and be- come interested in each other and to cooperate creatively on the other hand. It is also a sine qua non condition for successful Polish-Czech cooperation in various areas of social life – political, economic, cultural, in official relations on the central (inter-state) level) as well as trans-border, local, and often private relations. The past 100 years of Polish-Czech relations and history politics were analyzed and discussed at an international scientific conference titled.Conflict – competition – cooperation in Central Europe in the 20th and 21st centuries. The intricacies of the Pol- ish-Czech relations, which was held on 26th November 2020 in Warsaw and Opava. Its organizers invited outstanding specialists in the area of Polish-Czech relations, from two academic centers – the Silesian University in Opava and the University of Cardi- 7 nal Stefan Wyszyński in Warsaw. Political scientists and historians were asked to an- ments operating in both countries. Dušan Janák’s text corresponds with the analy- alyze particular aspects and periods in Polish-Czech relations. The conference thus ses conducted by Polish political scientists, Jarosław Drozd, who in his The Relations offered an opportunity to announce the results of many years of scientific research between Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1945-1989 emphasizes the hegemonic position and analyses, but above all, to confront opinions and ways of perceiving the most of Moscow in (shaping) Polish-Czechoslovak relations. important events, phenomena and processes in the history of Polish-Czech relations. The last section: The Polish-Czech (and Polish-Czechoslovak) relations 30 years af- There were two aims of the international scientific research project, whose part ter the fall of the Iron Curtain: successes, failures, challenges, starts with an analysis of was the above-mentioned conference and the discussion of the research results the Polish-Czech relations in the past three decades performed by Czech historian presented at it, and whose final outcome are the articles included in this publica- Jiří Kocian, who in the chapter titled The Czech-Polish Relations after the Fall of the tion. Firstly, the scientists considered the significance of history politics in con- Iron Curtain analyzes four areas of the Polish-Czech relations in the discussed pe- temporary Europe and attempted to specify what content and form history politics riod. This chapter corresponds – chronologically – with the text of Polish historian adopted in Poland and the Czech Republic after 1989. Secondly, particular stages in and political scientist, Antoni Dudek, who in the chapter titled The relations between Polish-Czech relations were analyzed.before 1945 (with particular emphasis on the Poland and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic in the first years after the collapse 1918-1945 period), 1945-1989 and after 1989. of the communism system in the context of the European integration process (1990- 1993) conducts in-depth analysis of nine aspects of the Polish-Czech relations in * * * the first four years after the collapse of the communist system (until the division of Czechoslovakia). The section concludes with the text by political scientist, Piotr This publication consists of three sections devoted to different topics. Bajda, titled.The Polish-Czech Relations on the Eve of the 30th Anniversary of Signing The first one, titled: The History politics in Central Europe includes: political and the Treaty on Friendly Neighborhood, in which the author lists a number of factors sociological analyses devoted to the concept and contemporary role of history poli- shaping the Polish-Czech relations in 1993-2019 in the political, economic and so- tics (Radosław Zenderowski: The History politics today and tomorrow – an attempt at cial areas, taking into consideration the dimension of the relations between the conceptualization and predictions) and two cases studies concerning the Czech Re- governments (bilateral, within multi-lateral and regional institutions), as well as public (Lukáš Vomlela: The History Politics in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic) the scale of local government (border) cooperation. and Poland (Krzysztof Cebul: The History politics in Poland). The second and the largest section titled.The Polish-Czech (and Polish-Czecho- * * * slovak) relations before 1989 is composed of chapters devoted to Polish-Czech and Polish-Czechoslovak relations before 1989, with particular emphasis on the 1918- In addition to the already mentioned goals, the editors of this publication wanted 1989 period. The review of the Polish-Czech relations begins with a long article by to provide readers with interesting analyses of the Polish-Czech relations by Pol- Rudolf Žaček, divided into two parts – the relations before 1918 and the relations ish and Czech historians and political scientists, facilitating comparative studies, in the 1918-1945 period (The Czecho(slovak)-Polish Relations Until 1945). Taking into thanks to which it will be possible to identify both common and divergent conclu- account the chronological criterion, the above chapter is accompanied by two texts sions and research prospects. We hope that this publication will contribute to the of Polish historians: Bartłomiej Dźwigała analyses Polish-Czech relations in the pe- discussion on the modern history of the Polish-Czech relations and their contem- riod from the 10th to the 16th century (The Polish-Czech relations in the 10th-16th cen-
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