The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin by Khristian E. Kay, PM Silas H. Shepherd Lodge of Research #1843
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The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin 1 The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin by Khristian E. Kay, PM Silas H. Shepherd Lodge of Research #1843 The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin 2 Freemasonry and Education Public Education is a relatively new concept in the history of humankind. Public Education differs from religious education in that the principles of science are emphasized regardless of a religious doctrine or belief. It follows a path of logic through concepts which can be proved or disproved rather than maintaining a faith or a belief. The abolishment of primogeniture and entail in the New World1 after the American Revolution helped the pursuit of an educational system free from aristocracy. However the concept was not without its detractors as the danger of education of the masses made some individuals fear that the newly educated masses would take control of the government and of American life in general. Others believed that education was the sole priority of the home. There exists a long history of fear concerning the philosophies of Freemasonry as well. As the popular coinage presumes, ‘we fear that which we do not understand,’ or we fear that which is different. To understand the importance of Freemasonry’s influence on Public Education we need to delve back in time to the beginnings of speculative Freemasonry. Some of the beliefs of Freemasonry are that all faiths are welcome as long as there exists a belief in a singular deity, men should learn and discover the virtues of morality through education and experience, and that through a strong education of sciences one should be apt to learn. A New World Order To understand the purpose behind the development of a Public Education system we need to review a few dates and their importance, the first being 1738. The aforementioned principles were targeted by the Catholic church as early as April 28, 1738 by Pope Clement XII2. Where he denounced the practice of allowing people with different religious ideals other than the Catholic teachings to come together and swear allegiance to one another. Pope Clement XII further denounced the practice of using common vernacular to teach uneducated men as opposed to the clerics and approved dogmatic teachings. This date is important because it was through Freemasons in the New World who would try to establish a country based on the practices of a freedom of religious belief and a purposeful education of sciences to the general masses. This is 1 Gross and Chandler (1964) 2 In Eminenti on Freemasonry Papal Bull of Pope Clement XII http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti- masonry/papal/in_eminenti.html The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin 3 commonly believed to be the evolution of a Novus ordo seclorum3, “New World of the Ages” as suggested by Virgil’s poem Eclogue:4 “Now comes the final era of the Sibyl's song; The great order of the ages is born afresh. And now justice returns, honored rules return now a new lineage is sent down from high heaven.” Which is to suggest that the time had come to break from the traditional King decrees, entail and privileges, as determined by England and Rome, and for the establishment of a new lineage of a Democracy by the people, for the people. This “New World of the Ages” would take place in 1776 as what Americans define as the birth of the United States of America. Thus in many avenues the principles of Freemasonry helped establish the philosophies of this new nation. Another important date for Freemasons to keep in mind is 1829. On May 24, 1829 Pope Pius VIII5 wrote in an encyclical titled Traditi Humilitati (On His Program For The Pontificate), that not only was it immoral and wrong to have men of different faiths gather but it is heresy to teach people anything other than the prescribed teachings of the Catholic church and this should only be done by the church rather than laymen outside of the church’s precepts. The study of the liberal arts Freemasons believed that science was something that needed to be taught and that everyone should be taught regardless of birth, religion or hierarchy in society. The first public school to be established in the New World was the Boston Latin School6, in 1635, it is important to note that two of its alumni Benjamin Franklin and John Hancock were both signers of the Declaration of Independence and fellow Masons7. 3 http://greatseal.com/symbols/explanation.html 4 http://greatseal.com/mottoes/seclorumvirgil.html 5 Traditi Humilitati (On His Program For The Pontificate) http://www.ewtn.com/library/ENCYC/p8tradit.htm 6 http://www.cityofboston.gov/freedomtrail/firstpublic.asp 7 Denslow (1957) The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin 4 Thomas Jefferson is credited with saying “An educated citizenry is a vital requisite for our survival as a free people.” His involvement with and support of education is best known through his founding of the University of Virginia, which he established in 1819 as a secular institution after he left the presidency of the United States. In 1779 in "A Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge," Jefferson proposed a system of public education to be tax- funded for 3 years for "all the free children, male and female," which was an unusual perspective for the time period. They were allowed to attend longer if their parents, friends, or family could pay for it independently. Jefferson was an advocate of public education. In a 1786 letter to George Wythe, he remarked that "the most important bill in our whole code, is that for the diffusion of knowledge among the people." He believed that "no other sure foundation can be devised for the preservation of freedom and happiness" and that failing to provide public education would "leave the people in ignorance." The Northwest Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance8 of 1787 was one of the greatest accomplishments of the infant United States. Under its regulations, Congress was to set aside a section in each township in the old Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, etc.) for the support of public schools9. This was the first time in history that a government had the foresight to plan for the education of its people. Since that time, the individual States and now the Federal Government have supported and developed our system of free public education. Another Mason, Horace Mann10 who is considered the father of American Public Education declared in 1838 that Public Education should accomplish these six principles11: (1) the public should no longer remain ignorant; (2) that such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by an interested public; 8 http://comminfo.rutgers.edu/~dalbello/FLVA/background/education.html 9 http://www.calodges.org/no529/education/ed2005.02.html 10 Fisher (1994) 11 http://www.biography.com/people/horace-mann-9397522#the-educational-reform-movement-begins The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin 5 (3) that this education will be best provided in schools that embrace children from a variety of backgrounds; (4) that this education must be non-sectarian; (5) that this education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society; and (6) that education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers. Mann worked for more and better equipped school houses, longer school years (until 16 years old), higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum. The California State public school system was started in the 1850s, and the first State Superintendent of Public Instruction was John Swett12, a transplanted Mason who had come west in the years following the Gold Rush. This survey, by no means complete or detailed, is meant to account for the idea that Freemasonry had an impact on American public education and its principles. This leads us to the progressive establishment of Wisconsin Public Education and how Freemasons designed to forge a design or model for public education. The Birth of Wisconsin Public Education The Western Emigration Company John Bullen, as the representative of a number of individuals of Oswego county, New York, who desired to emigrate to the West, formed the Western Emigration Company13 in Hannibal, New York in 1834. All of these company members were, curiously enough, Freemasons. They held their meetings in the Masonic Temple and decided to send representatives “to explore and locate” somewhere along the western shore of Lake Michigan in what was then the Wisconsin territory. They arrived on Sunday, the 14th day of June, 1835. These representatives established a village in the Wisconsin territory at what was then called 12 Denslow (1957) 13 History of Lodge #47 http://kenoshafreemasons.org/?page_id=3788 The Masonic Agenda: Public Education in Wisconsin 6 Pike Creek14, by 1837 this village would be renamed Southport, (the southernmost port in Wisconsin) and subsequently, Kenosha. The population was then 144, fifty percent of the men being Freemasons15. Among these representatives would be Rev. Jason Lothrop, Col. Michael Frank, Charles Durkee, and John Bullen, Jr. Rev. Jason Lothrop Rev. Jason Lothrop a Baptist minister and afterwards a school teacher, found himself in September of 1835 in the "Far West," engaged in keeping a boarding-house at Kenosha. He was a man of considerable talent, and of some eccentricity of character. Having no part of his family with him, he found it necessary to perform all the duties which pertain to such an establishment, such as cooking, washing, and general housewifery, and the accustomed duties of host. Notwithstanding he was an educated and had been accustomed at one time to a life of elegance and stature, yet he performed all the diversified offices which his new occupation demanded.