German Standard German in Austria

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

German Standard German in Austria HAVE GERMAN WILL TRAVEL DEUTSCH Wo spricht man Deutsch? I Where is German spoken as main language? Deutschland / Osterreich I Schweiz / Liechtenstein Austrian German Austrian German Austrian German ( German: Osterreichisches or is the Osterreichisches Deutsch Deutsch), Austrian Standard German, national standard variety of the German language Spoken in = Austria spoken in Austria and in the autonomous Province of I Italy (South Tyrol) South Tyrol (Italy). The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is Total speakers 8.5 million defined by the Austrian dictionary (Osterreichisches Language family lndo-European Worterbuch), published under the authority of the ministry of education, art and culture. ■ Germanic ■ West Germanic ■ High German ■ German ■ Austrian Gerrnan German As German is a pluricentric language, Austrian German is merely one among several varieties of Standard German. Much like the relationship between American and British English, the Austrian and German varieties differ in minor issues (e.g., spelling, word usage and grammar) but are recognizably equivalent and largely mutually intelligible. The official Austrian dictionary, "Das Osterreichische Worterbuch" gives grammar and spelling rules defining the official language. In addition to this standard variety, in everyday life most Austrians speak one of a number of High German dialects. Standard German in Austria With German being a pluricentric language, Austrian dialects should not be confused with the variety of Standard German spoken by most Austrians, which is distinct from that of Germany or Switzerland. Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions. A comprehensive collection of Austrian­ German legal, administrative and economic terms is offered in: A street sign in Vienna, "FuBgeber" is Markhardt, Heidemarie: Worterbuch der osterreichischen normally replaced with Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsterminologie "FuBgiinger" (in English "Pedestrian") in Germany. .
Recommended publications
  • German Vienna
    Learn German Experience & Vienna YEAR- ROUND GERMAN COURSES for adults 16+ in Vienna and online SUMMER COURSES for young people 12-17 and 16-19 years in Vienna and online 2021/2022 www.actilingua.com » Languages are » I was surprised at how extremely important in safe a modern city can my job. German was my be! Even women can use weak point, and I man- the underground or walk aged to set this right in around alone late at night Vienna. It was a lot of fun without worries. « and therefore effortless. « Astrid Nielsen, Denmark Pablo Rodriguez, Spain ActiLingua at a glance One of the leading Courses for adults 16+ Content schools for German German courses in Vienna, Austria as well Learn German & Experience Vienna ...... 4 as live online courses. Courses for adults 16+ .................................... 5 as a foreign language. Maximum class-size: Course levels and certificates ..................... 8 12 (Standard Course), 8 (mini groups) International repu- Starting dates: every Monday, Accommodation .......................................... 10 tation, recommen- beginners once a month Activities ............................................................ 11 ded by major edu- German is taught year-round in small Summer School 12-17 years ...................... 12 international study groups. Holiday Course 16-19 years ..................... 13 cational consultants 20-30 lessons/week. Terms ................................................................. 14 worldwide. Certificate: Austrian German Language Diploma (ÖSD). Attractive pricing: Accommodation compare us with ActiLingua Residence, Host Family, language schools in Apartment, Student House; use of kitchen, breakfast or half-board. Germany! Transfer service on arrival/departure. Perfect nationality Activity and mix: students from leisure programme Included in course price: Vienna city more than 40 walks; talks on Austrian art, culture; countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss .
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics and Ideologies of Pluricentric German in L2 Teaching
    Julia Ruck Webster Vienna Private University THE POLITICS AND IDEOLOGIES OF PLURICENTRIC GERMAN IN L2 TEACHING Abstract: Despite a history of rigorous linguistic research on the regional variation of German as well as professional initiatives to promote German, Austrian, and Swiss Standard German as equal varieties, there is still a lack of awareness and systematic incorporation of regional varieties in L2 German teaching. This essay follows two goals: First, it reviews the development of the pluricentric approach in the discourse on L2 German teaching as well as the political and ideological preconditions that form the backdrop of this discussion. Particular emphasis will be given to institutional tri-national collaborations and the standard language ideology. Second, by drawing on sociolinguistic insights on the use and speaker attitudes of (non-)standard varieties, this contribution argues that the pluricentric focus on national standard varieties in L2 German teaching falls short in capturing the complex socioculturally situated practices of language use in both (often dialectally-oriented) everyday and (often standard-oriented) formal and official domains of language use. I argue that the pluricentric approach forms an important step in overcoming the monocentric bias of one correct Standard German; however, for an approach to L2 German teaching that aims at representing linguistic and cultural diversity, it is necessary to incorporate both standard and non-standard varieties into L2 German teaching. Keywords: L2 German w language variation w language ideologies w language politics Ruck, Julia. “The Politics and Ideologies of Pluricentric German in L2 Teaching.” Critical Multilingualism Studies 8:1 (2020): pp. 17–50. ISSN 2325–2871.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
    Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität
    [Show full text]
  • 'Sich Ausgehen': on Modalizing Go Constructions in Austrian German
    ‘Sich ausgehen’: On modalizing go constructions in Austrian German Remus Gergel, Martin Kopf-Giammanco Saarland University, prefinal draft, July 2020; to appear in Canadian Journal of Linguistics∗ Abstract The goal of this paper is to diagnose a verbal construction based on the verb gehen (‘go’) conjoined by a particle and the reflexive, which has made it to common use in Austrian German and is typically unknown to many speakers of Federal German who have not been exposed to Austrian German. An argument for a degree-based sufficiency construction is developed, the analysis of which is constructed by extending existing approaches in the literature on enough constructions and suggesting a meaning of the specific construction at hand which is presuppositional in multiple respects. The results of diachronic corpus searches as well as the significance of the results in the space of possibilities for the semantic change of motion verbs are discussed. Keywords: ‘go’ constructions, sufficiency, modality 1 Introduction The goal of this paper is to diagnose a construction based on the verb gehen (‘go’), a particle, and the reflexive, which has made it to common use in Austrian German: (1) Context: Stefan has an appointment in half an hour. Before that, he would like to have a cup of coffee and a quick chat with Paul. This could be a bit tight, but then he thinks: Ein Kaffee mit Paul geht sich vor dem Termin aus. a coffee with Paul goes itself before the appointment out ‘I can have a (cup of) coffee with Paul before the appointment.’/’There is enough time for a coffee with Paul before the appointment.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourse Markers of Clarification and Causality in Maghrebi and Egyptian Dialects: a Socio-Pragmatic Perspective
    DISCOURSE MARKERS OF CLARIFICATION AND CAUSALITY IN MAGHREBI AND EGYPTIAN DIALECTS: A SOCIO-PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE BY ABDELAADIM BIDAOUI DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Marina Terkourafi, Chair Professor Elabbas Benmamoun Associate Professor Anna Maria Escobar Associate Professor Zsuzsanna Fagyal ABSTRACT Discourse Markers (DMs) have traditionally been viewed as elements which do not contribute to the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance or to its syntactic and semantic make-up. Contrary to those linguists who found the study of DMs marginal, other researchers have been interested in the study of these expressions. Using a Relevance Theoretic framework (Sperber and Wilson, 1986, 1995; Blakemore, 1987), this dissertation posits that DMs signal pragmatic inferences that are performed by the addressee. Specifically, I argue that the notion of procedural meaning, a set of instructions which guides the inferential phase of utterance interpretation, offered by Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1995; Blakemore, 2002) should be at the core of utterance interpretation in general and interpretation of DMs in particular. This dissertation is based on two complementary studies: the main and supplementary study. The main study consists of data collected during face-to-face interactions, while the supplementary study consists of online data taken from the news outlet Al Jazeera. The partcipants in the main study are members of an Arabic diasporic community in the U.S. and represent three dialects of Arabic: Moroccan, Algerian, and Egyptian dialect.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the History of the English Language
    INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Written by László Kristó 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4 NOTES ON PHONETIC SYMBOLS USED IN THIS BOOK ................................................. 5 1 Language change and historical linguistics ............................................................................. 6 1.1 Language history and its study ......................................................................................... 6 1.2 Internal and external history ............................................................................................. 6 1.3 The periodization of the history of languages .................................................................. 7 1.4 The chief types of linguistic change at various levels ...................................................... 8 1.4.1 Lexical change ........................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 Semantic change ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4.3 Morphological change ............................................................................................. 11 1.4.4 Syntactic change ...................................................................................................... 12 1.4.5 Phonological change ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • INTELLIGIBILITY of STANDARD GERMAN and LOW GERMAN to SPEAKERS of DUTCH Charlotte Gooskens1, Sebastian Kürschner2, Renée Van Be
    INTELLIGIBILITY OF STANDARD GERMAN AND LOW GERMAN TO SPEAKERS OF DUTCH Charlotte Gooskens 1, Sebastian Kürschner 2, Renée van Bezooijen 1 1University of Groningen, The Netherlands 2 University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This paper reports on the intelligibility of spoken Low German and Standard German for speakers of Dutch. Two aspects are considered. First, the relative potential for intelligibility of the Low German variety of Bremen and the High German variety of Modern Standard German for speakers of Dutch is tested. Second, the question is raised whether Low German is understood more easily by subjects from the Dutch-German border area than subjects from other areas of the Netherlands. This is investigated empirically. The results show that in general Dutch people are better at understanding Standard German than the Low German variety, but that subjects from the border area are better at understanding Low German than subjects from other parts of the country. A larger amount of previous experience with the German standard variety than with Low German dialects could explain the first result, while proximity on the sound level could explain the second result. Key words Intelligibility, German, Low German, Dutch, Levenshtein distance, language contact 1. Introduction Dutch and German originate from the same branch of West Germanic. In the Middle Ages these neighbouring languages constituted a common dialect continuum. Only when linguistic standardisation came about in connection with nation building did the two languages evolve into separate social units. A High German variety spread out over the German language area and constitutes what is regarded as Modern Standard German today.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER FIVE Dialect and Standard Language in the Other German
    CHAPTER FIVE Dialect and Standard Language in the Other German-speaking Countries West Germany (the entity which used to be the Federal Republic of Germany) had the widest range of native dialects of any of the German-speaking countries1. These dialects include Low German, Middle German and Upper German dialects. The German Democratic Republic, now a part of the Federal Republic of Germany, encompassed primarily Low German and East Middle German dialects. Austrian dialects, with the exception of a few Alemannic dialects in Vorarlberg, are exclusively Bavarian (Upper German). In Switzerland the dialects are Alemannic (Upper German), as they are in neighboring Liechtenstein. In Luxemburg the dialects are Moselle Franconian (West Middle German). In the part of Belgium which was part of Germany until the end of World War I there are about 150,000 speakers of West Middle German dialects, and in France there are speakers of Alemannic (Upper German) in Elsaß and Rhine Franconian (West Middle German) in Lothringen. Germany, using the term to include the old Federal Republic (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is the only country to have dialects from all of the major dialect groupings, as well as from Frisian, making it all the more obvious why Germany itself needed a standard language. The situation is somewhat different in the other countries. France and Belgium will not be discussed here beyond remarking that German is very much a minority language in both countries and that the German-speaking populations look to neighboring West Germany for their norms, both written and spoken.
    [Show full text]
  • Am-Progressives in Swabian: Some Evidence for Noun Incorporation
    AM-PROGRESSIVES IN SWABIAN: SOME EVIDENCE FOR NOUN INCORPORATION Bettina Spreng University of Saskatchewan 1. Introduction This paper summarizes the initial findings of an investigation into the syntactic and semantic properties of progressive constructions in Swabian, an Alemannic dialect of German. It is spoken in the Southwest of Germany in the state of Baden Württemberg and in parts of Bavaria. The data is elicited from speakers of a variant of Swabian spoken in Upper Swabia, an area surrounding the city of Ravensburg, located north of Lake Constance. Data was elicited from three female speakers of different ages (48, 69, 75) with low mobility. There is very little in-depth work on the syntactic properties of Swabian and, to my knowledge, no work on this particular variant. The construction that is being investigated is found in various dialects and registers of German but tends to be relegated to footnotes or assumed to be restricted to dialects in the Rhineland area, especially Cologne (Duden 2005). It is thus often named the Rhenish Progressive ‘Rheinische Verlaufsform’ in some of the descriptive and theoretical literature (Thieroff 1992, Vater 1994). However, the construction may be found in various variants of German including written German (Gárgyán 2014) despite many descriptive grammars insisting that it is restricted to one or two dialect areas or to the vernacular (Fagan 2009, Duden 2005). It thus deserves a closer look. The construction I am particularly interested in is the AM- progressive that seems to share some properties with the BEIM-progressive. Some work addressing the construction has been done for individual dialects such as Colognian (Bhatt and Schmidt 1993), Standard, Ruhr, and Low German (Andersson 1989), and Hessian (Flick and Kuhmichel 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Un-Swiss’ Words in German Swiss Literature
    ‘Un-Swiss’ Words in German Swiss Literature Felicity Rash This article takes an informal look at some standard German words that, although they occur in written texts, seem out of place in texts produced in Switzerland. Whereas Standard German vocabulary is obviously unwelcome in spoken Swiss German dialects, and its presence may cause consternation among more traditionally inclined German-speaking Swiss, such words are more difficult to assess in the written language, not least because many German-speaking Swiss consider any form of standard German, even their own Swiss Standard German, to be a ‘foreign’ language. The opinions of native speakers of Swiss German are sought in order to answer the question why some standard German words seem particularly ‘un-Swiss’, while others are accepted without complaint. Introduction In German-speaking (GS) Switzerland a diglossic situation exists in which two varieties of German are used: the Swiss German dialects (SG) are used in everyday oral communication and for a few written purposes, and Swiss Standard German (SSG) is used for certain more formal oral purposes and most written texts. SSG differs on all linguistic levels from the standard German language used in Germany (German Standard German or Binnendeutsch) and Austria. An Alemannic dialect is the first language of all GS Swiss people: it is the language variety closest to the hearts of all germanophone Swiss. Many, perhaps most, GS Swiss consider any form of standard German, even their own version of standard German, to be a ‘foreign’ language learned at school and often used unwillingly, particularly for speech. When germanophone Swiss do write standard German they are encouraged by schools and many publishers to use the morphological, lexical and syntactic resources of SSG, so-called ‘Helvetisms’.
    [Show full text]
  • Strasbourg, 2 April 2004 MIN-LANG/PR (2004) 1 Second
    Strasbourg, 2 April 2004 MIN-LANG/PR (2004) 1 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Second Periodical Report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter GERMANY SECOND REPORT submitted by the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY under Article 15, paragraph 1, of the EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES 2003 SECOND REPORT submitted by the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY under Article 15, paragraph 1, of the EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES 2003 2nd State Report Germany: European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Table of Contents Nos. Part A General Situation and General Framework 1 - 104 Part B Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers 105 - 117 Part C Protection of Regional or Minority Languages under 118 - 207 Part II (Article 7) of the Charter Part D Implementation of the obligations undertaken with 208 - 1385 regard to the various languages D.2.1 Danish Danish in the Danish speech area in Schleswig- 252 - 357 Holstein Art. 8 252 - 278 Art. 9 279 - 282 Art. 10 283 - 302 Art. 11 303 - 337 Art. 12 338 - 347 Art. 13 348 - 353 Art. 14 354 - 357 D.2.2 Sorbian Sorbian (Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian 358 - 514 (Wendish)) in the Sorbian speech area in the Länder of Brandenburg and Saxony Art. 8 358 - 424 Art. 9 425 - 432 Art. 10 433 - 457 Art. 11 458 - 482 Art. 12 483 - 505 Art. 13 506 - 514 D.2.3 North North Frisian in the North Frisian speech area in 515 - 625 Frisian Schleswig-Holstein Art.
    [Show full text]