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159. City of Cusco, Including Qorikancha (Inka Main Temple), Santa Domingo (Spanish Colonial Convent), and Walls of Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman)
159. City of Cusco, including Qorikancha (INka main temple), Santa Domingo (Spanish colonial convent), and Walls of Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman). Central highlands, Peru. Inka. C.1440 C.E.; conent added 1550-1650 C.E. Andesite (3 images) Article at Khan Academy Cusco, a city in the Peruvian Andes, was once capital of the Inca empire, and is now known for its archaeological remains and Spanish colonial architecture. Set at an altitude of 3,400m, it's the gateway to further Inca sites in the Urubamba (Sacred) Valley and the Inca Trail, a multiday trek that ends at the mountain citadel of Machu Picchu. Carbon-14 dating of Saksaywaman, the walled complex outside Cusco, has established that the Killke culture constructed the fortress about 1100 o The Inca later expanded and occupied the complex in the 13th century and after Function: 2008, archaeologists discovered the ruins of an ancient temple, roadway and aqueduct system at Saksaywaman.[11] The temple covers some 2,700 square feet (250 square meters) and contains 11 rooms thought to have held idols and mummies,[11] establishing its religious purpose. Together with the results of excavations in 2007, when another temple was found at the edge of the fortress, indicates there was longtime religious as well as military use of the facility, overturning previous conclusions about the site. Many believe that the city was planned as an effigy in the shape of a puma, a sacred animal. It is unknown how Cusco was specifically built, or how its large stones were quarried and transported to the site. -
Southern Destinations Gihan Tubbeh Renzo Giraldo Renzo Gihan Tubbeh Gihan Tubbeh
7/15/13 8:18 PM 8:18 7/15/13 1 Sur.indd EN_07_Infografia As you head south, you start to see more of Peru’s many different facets; in terms of our ancient cultural legacy, the most striking examples are the grand ruins Ancient Traditions Ancient History Abundant Nature There are plenty of southern villages that still Heading south, you are going to find vestiges of Machu Picchu and road system left by the Incan Empire and the mysterious Nasca Lines. As keep their ancestors’ life styles and traditions Uros Island some of Peru’s most important Pre-Colombian Peru possesses eighty-four of the existing 104 life zones for natural seings, our protected areas and coastal, mountain, and jungle alive. For example, in the area around Lake civilizations. Titicaca, Puno, the Pukara thrived from 1800 Also, it is the first habitat in the world for buerfly, fish and orchid species, second in bird species, and B.C. to 400 A.D., and their decline opened up landscapes offer plenty of chances to reconnect with nature, even while engaging Ica is where you find the Nasca Lines, geoglyphs third in mammal and amphibian species. the development of important cultures like of geometric figures and shapes of animals and in adventure sports in deserts (dunes), beaches, and rivers. And contemporary life the Tiahuanaco and Uro. From 1100 A.D. to the plants on the desert floor that were made 1500 arrival of the Spanish, the Aymara controlled is found in our main cities with their range of excellent hospitality services offered years ago by the Nasca people. -
Ohio's State Tests
Ohio’s State Tests PRACTICE TEST GRADE 8 ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS Student Name The Ohio Department of Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, or disability in employment or the provision of services. Some items are reproduced with permission from the American Institutes for Research as copyright holder or under license from third parties. Copyright © 2017 by the Ohio Department of Education. All rights reserved. Directions: Today you will be taking the Ohio Grade 8 English Language Arts Practice Assessment. There are several important things to remember: 1. Read each question carefully. Think about what is being asked. Look carefully at graphs or diagrams because they will help you understand the question. Then, choose or write the answer you think is best in your Answer Document. 2. Use only a #2 pencil to answer questions on this test. 3. For questions with bubbled responses, choose the correct answer and then fill in the circle with the appropriate letter in your Answer Document. Make sure the number of the question in this Student Test Booklet matches the number in your Answer Document. If you change your answer, make sure you erase your old answer completely. Do not cross out or make any marks on the other choices. 4. For questions with response boxes, write your answer neatly, clearly and only in the space provided in your Answer Document. Any responses written in your Student Test Booklet will not be scored. Make sure the number of the question in this Student Test Booklet matches the number in your Answer Document. -
Andean Path to Machu Picchu
ADVENTURE PROGRAM: APURIMAC RIVER: Head Water of the Amazon River + MACHU PICCHU “” DAY BY DAY ITINERARY DAY 1: ARRIVE TO CUSCO At your arrival to Cusco Airport our representative will be waiting for you to take you you hotel located at center of the City. Overnight at Cusco City No meals Included DAY 2: CUSCO We will pick you up from your hotel or meet you at the place of your choice for the city tour. We will start with a visit to the Cathedral, built over 450 years ago, and its fine collection of paintings of the Cusqueño School. After this, we will visit the Koricancha, the most sumptuous temple of the Inca culture, which was dedicated to worship the sun. Next, we will drive to the magnificent ruins of Sacsayhuaman and its impressive rocky constructions, followed by Kenko, PukaPukara and Tambomachay. Finally, we will head back to Cusco city. Overnight at Cusco City MEAL: Breakfast + Lunch Email Alberto: [email protected] Call Alberto: +51 9417 012 16. www.apumayo.com DAY BY DAY ITINERARY DAY 3: FROM CUSCO TO MAUKALLACTA AND CEDROCHAYOQ The guide will meet you at the hotel to leave Cusco (7:00 am) in our private vehicle, we will drive for 2½ hours towards Maukallacta Inca site. We will hike for about one hour and half to the mythical Inca site called Maukallacta (2,900 meters) where we will enjoy our snack and hear stories about the Ayar brothers and wives, founders of the Inca civilization. After a hike and visit this amazing and sacred Inca site, we will enjoy lunch. -
Perú: Caral. Maestría Milenaria En El Manejo Del Territorio Y Recursos De
Perú: Caral. Maestría milenaria en el manejo del territorio y recursos de los PPII prístinos Published on Servindi - Servicios de Comunicación Intercultural (https://www.servindi.org) Imprimir articulo Exportar a PDF Volver Perú: Caral. Maestría milenaria en el manejo del territorio y recursos de los PPII prístinos Por Miguel Ibañez Sánchez* 6 de enero, 2012.- Ruth Shady Solís, Directora del Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe (PEACS) el 22 de noviembre en el Instituto Cultural Peruano Norteamericano (ICPNA) de Lima disertó sobre los alcances de los últimos trabajos relacionados al manejo del territorio y los recursos de los habitantes de hace cinco mil años en la parte baja del valle de Supe. Esta conferencia es parte de un ciclo que organiza la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima dentro de su programa educativo. Caral es una ciudad sagrada que prosperó hace cinco mil años en el Valle de Supe a 30 km. de la orilla del mar y a 182 km. al norte de la ciudad de Lima. En un clima de desierto desecado subtropical (L. R. Holdridge, Joseph A. Tosi) con precipitaciones por debajo los 5 mm al año, catalogado como una de las zonas más secas del planeta. Desde 12 mil años antes del presente muchos pueblos indígenas tuvieron la capacidad de sobrevivir y -en el caso de Caral- constituir una sociedad amplia de conocimientos tanto en el manejo hidráulico, la agricultura, la pesca como en la construcción de ciudades y monumentos sagrados. Ruth Shady Solís dijo que con escasos recursos y con un grupo de egresados y arqueólogos de la Universidad de San Marcos en 1993 iniciaron los trabajos en Caral y luego anunciaron definitivamente que dicho complejo estaba relacionado con el periodo pre cerámico. -
The Social and Cultural Values of Caral-Supe, the Oldest Civilization of Peru and the Americas, and Their Role in Integrated Sustainable Development
The social and cultural values of Caral-Supe, the oldest civilization of Peru and the Americas, and their role in integrated sustainable development Ruth Shady Solís 1 Research team director: Dr. Ruth Shady Solís. Archaeological research: In Caral: Marco Machacuay, Jorge Aching, Marco Bezares, Oliver Huamán, Luis Miranda, David Palomino, Edwin Rivera, Carlos Robles, Gonzalo Rodríguez, Rulfer Vicente and Gustavo Espinoza. In Áspero: Daniel Cáceda, Miguel Castillo, Nancy Gutiérrez, Kati Huamán and Luis Huertas. In Vichama: Aldemar Crispín, Norka Gamarra, Greta Valderrama, Tatiana Abad, Carlos Barrientos and Marco Valderrama. Monument preservation: Víctor Pimentel (advisor), Sergio Anchi, Juan Ruíz and Geraldine Ramírez. Technical support: Workers from surrounding villages (Caral, Llamahuaca, Supe Puerto and Végueta). In Lima: Laboratory team: Pedro Novoa, Giuliano Ardito, Dolores Buitrón, Manuel Gorriti, Daysi Manosalva and Giancarlo Ubillús. Edition coordinator: Edna Quispe. English translation: Patricia Courtney de Haro and Erick Delgado. 3D graphics: Christián Magallanes and Estela Vásquez. Geographical Information System: Karin Ramírez. Graphic design and layout: Marco Chacón and Nadia Cruz. Drawings: María Teresa Ganoza and PEACS archives. The social and cultural values of Caral-Supe, the oldest civilization of Peru and the Americas, and their role in integrated sustainable development. Copyright registered at Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, Nº 2008-02193 ISBN: 978-603-45179-0-5 © Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe/ INC. Av. Las Lomas de La Molina Nº 327. Urb. Las Lomas de La Molina Vieja, Lima 12, Peru. Phone: 495-1515 / 260-4598 www.caralperu.gob.pe All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe/ INC. -
Proyectos De Inversión Pública - Enero 2021
Proyectos de Inversión Pública - enero 2021 EJECUCIÓN EJECUCIÓN DEL MES MONTO TOTAL DEL EJECUCIÓN AL AÑO ACUMULADA DEL EJECUCIÓN AVANCE DEL CÓDIGO ÚNICO DENOMINACIÓN DE ENERO PIM - 2021 PROYECTO 2020* 01.01.2021 al ACUMULADA** PROYECTO (%) (AL 31.01.2021) 31.01.2021 PLIEGO 003: MINISTERIO DE CULTURA 988,658,562 553,483,146 505,371 505,371 553,988,517 90,691,705 UNIDAD EJECUTORA 001-MC/ ADMINISTRACIÓN GENERAL 20,718,406 9,857,670 54,000 54,000 9,911,670 2,672,165 2026996 MURO PERIMETRICO DEL SANTUARIO ARQUEOLOGICO PACHACAMAC 2,753,335 2,701,741 0 0 2,701,741 4,956 98.13 2077871 REMODELACION DEL AREA EXPOSITIVA DEL MUSEO DE LA NACION 4,500,563 1,743,813 0 0 1,743,813 9,000 38.75 MEJORAMIENTO DE LOS SERVICIOS ARCHIVISTICOS DEL ARCHIVO CENTRAL- MINISTERIO DE 2091094 4,344,417 599,541 54,000 54,000 653,541 1,225,880 15.04 CULTURA, DISTRITO DE SAN BORJA, PROVINCIA Y DEPARTAMENTO DE LIMA 2112489 PUESTA EN VALOR DEL SECTOR I DE LA HUACA MONTERREY EN EL DISTRITO DE ATE - LIMA 1,685,831 1,627,134 0 0 1,627,134 6,490 96.52 ACONDICIONAMIENTO TURISTICO DEL COMPLEJO ARQUEOLOGICO EL BRUJO DE MAGDALENA DE 2133720 6,437,041 3,090,614 0 0 3,090,614 1,050,457 48.01 CAO, DISTRITO DE MAGDALENA DE CAO - ASCOPE - LA LIBERTAD ADQUISICION DE EQUIPOS DE AIRE Y SISTEMAS DE ALARMA CONTRA INCENDIOS; EN EL(LA) 2421719 MUSEO DE SITIO JULIO CESAR TELLO DISTRITO DE PARACAS, PROVINCIA PISCO, DEPARTAMENTO 423,367 32,867 0 0 32,867 229,420 7.76 ICA ADQUISICION DE DISPOSITIVO DE SISTEMA DE POSICIONAMIENTO GEOGRAFICO GPS, CAMARA GRABADORA O VIDEO CAMARA, CAMARA DIGITAL Y SERVIDOR -
The Metrological Research of Machu Picchu Site. Application of a Cosine Quantogram Method for 3D Laser Data
IMEKO International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Torino, Italy, October 19-21, 2016 The metrological research of Machu Picchu site. Application of a cosine quantogram method for 3D laser data. Anna Kubicka 1 1 Wroclaw University of Technology, ul. Bolesława Prusa 53/55 50 -317 Wrocław , [email protected] The aim of research and metrological analysis of the Machu Picchu site is to verify the hypothesis on the functioning of the imperial system of length measurement, which were used by Incas during measurement and construction process. The results of 3D laser scanning of the Machu Picchu site provides crucial, precise output for metrological analysis. Main objective is to verify the hypothesis assuming the existence and usage of one, common imperial unit. As far as the research method is concerned, I propose using statistical model of cosine quantogram, which has successfully been employed during the analysis of architectural sites of Mediterranean culture as well as European medieval urbanism. The questions and problems of research concerning the existence and usage of base unit or units of measure are formed on the foregoing assumptions pertaining to current phenomenon of outlining and measuring Inca urban planning. I. MACHU PICCHU – IMPERIAL INVESTMENT andenes (agricultural terraces). Water system had to be During expansion of the Inca empire from about planed before in order to create a water channel 1430 to the Spanish conquest in 1532 (chronology system to all sacred structure on Machu Picchu. based on John Rowe [1]) Inca created infrastructure as well as small and large settlements like a read network, vast irrigation system, agricultural terraces, suspension bridges and many more to lunched a massive construction program which mark their presents across Andean region. -
El Periodo Arcaico En Huanuco Y El Concepto Del Arcaico
BOLETIN DE ARQVEOLOGIA pvep, W 3, 1999, 325-333 EL PERIODO ARCAICO EN HUANUCO Y EL CONCEPTO DEL ARCAICO Yoshio Onuki* Resumen El Periodo Arcaico en los Andes Centrales es el periodo de la adaptacian postglacial yen ese sentido es necesario profundizar en el estudio comparativo con Europa, Cercano Oriente 0 el Periodo Jomon en el Japan . Se tiene la necesidad, por lo tanto, de realizar sistematicamente mas excavaciones y analisis de los materiales y los datos. El presente articulo trata del aspecto socioreligioso de lafase Kotosh-Mito en el valle alto del Huallaga y presenta una idea del concepto del Arcaico y de la redefinician del Formativo con un nuevo esquema cronolagico. Abstract THE ARCHAIC PERIOD IN HUANUCO AND THE CONCEPT OF ARCHAIC The Archaic Period in the Central Andes can be considered as the period of postglacial adaptation and, in this sense, the necessity of comparative studies with similar processes in other parts of the world like Europe, Near East, or the Jomon Period in Japan should be revised. Not only for this purpose but also for Andean studies proper, it is necessary to proceed more sistematic excavations of the Archaic Period in Peru. The present article offers an interpretation ofthe socioreligious aspect ofthe Archaic Period or Initial Formative Period in the upper Huallaga basin in order to reconsider the conc~pt of Archaic and reorganize a new chronological scheme for the Formative Period. Introduccion Se ha venido interpretando que el Periodo Arcaico es un lapso del tiempo en el cual los primeros cazadores y recolectores empezaron a adaptarse a los variados ambientes de los Andes Centrales despues del Periodo Pleistoceno para finalmente establecer la vida agricola sedentaria. -
CALLAO, PERU Onboard: 1800 Saturday November 26
Arrive: 0800 Tuesday November 22 CALLAO, PERU Onboard: 1800 Saturday November 26 Brief Overview: A traveler’s paradise, the warm arms of Peru envelope some of the world’s most timeless traditions and greatest ancient treasures! From its immense biodiversity, the breathtaking beauty of the Andes Mountains (the longest in the world!) and the Sacred Valley, to relics of the Incan Empire, like Machu Picchu, and the rich cultural diversity that populates the country today – Peru has an experience for everyone. Located in the Lima Metropolitan Area, the port of Callao is just a stone’s throw away from the dazzling sights and sounds of Peru’s capital and largest city, Lima. With its colorful buildings teeming with colonial architecture and verdant coastline cliffs, this vibrant city makes for a home-away-from-home during your port stay in Peru. Nearby: Explore Lima’s most iconic neighborhoods - Miraflores and Barranco – by foot, bike (PER 104-201 Biking Lima), and even Segway (PER 121-101 Lima by Segway). Be sure to hit up one of the local markets (PER 114-201 Culinary Lima) and try out Peruvian fare – you can’t go wrong with picarones (fried pumpkin dough with anis seeds and honey - pictured above), cuy (guinea pig), or huge ears of roast corn! Worth the travel: Cusco, the former capital of Incan civilization, is a short flight from Lima. From this ancient city, you can access a multitude of Andean wonders. Explore the ruins of the famed Machu Picchu, the city of Ollantaytambo – which still thrives to this day, Lake Titcaca and its many islands, and the culture of the Quechua people. -
Geological Society of America Special Papers
Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on October 1, 2010 Geological Society of America Special Papers Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient Perú Georg Petersen G. and William E. Brooks Geological Society of America Special Papers 2010;467;xvii-90 doi: 10.1130/2010.2467 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geological Society of America Special Papers Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes © 2010 Geological Society of America Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on October 1, 2010 Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient Perú by Georg Petersen G. -
Travel Guide to Machu Picchu
THE ULTIMATE TRAVEL GUIDE TO MACHU PICCHU Free step-by-step guide to planning and organising your Machu Picchu adventure! Publisher: Best of Peru Travel Guides (First Edition - April 2016) For general enquiries, listings, distribution and advertising information please contact us at: [email protected] Copyright notice: All contents copyright © Best of Peru Travel 2016 Text & Maps: © Best of Peru Travel 2016 Photos: © Best of Peru Travel 2016 & © Marcos Garcia/MGP Images All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any Best of Peru Travel is an online travel means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reading or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher and copyright guide for independent travellers who are owner. looking for the best Lima, Cusco, Machu Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is accurate at the time of going to press. Some details, Picchu and the Sacred Valley in Peru have however, such as prices, telephone numbers, opening hours, to offer. Want to know where to get the travel information and website addresses are liable to change. Best of Peru Travel accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or best Pisco sour in Cusco, the best lunch in inconvenience sustained by anyone using this information. Lima or which is the best hotel in Machu Editor’s note: Prices are in Peruvian Soles (S/.) unless otherwise stated in US$. All Picchu? Look no further... Visit us here! prices are guide prices only and are based on an exchange rate of 3.42 Peruvian Soles (PEN) to the US Dollar at the time of publication.