Operation VERITABLE and the Fighting in the Battle of the Rhineland Commenced Just 8 Days After the Germans Pulled Back Over the Maas

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Operation VERITABLE and the Fighting in the Battle of the Rhineland Commenced Just 8 Days After the Germans Pulled Back Over the Maas Operation VERITABLE and the fighting in the Battle of the Rhineland commenced just 8 days after the Germans pulled back over the Maas. That was the last phrase of our background story in Newsletter edition nr. 2019-12. In edition 2018-04 we told some information about the Battle of the Scheldt. The German resistance ended on November 8, 1944. Only on November 28, 1944, 85 days after the liberation of Antwerp, the Canadian supply ship Fort Cataraqui entered the port of Antwerp as the first ship in a convoy. Between the end of 1944 and the beginning of February 1945, next to the battle in the Ardennes on the south front and the battle for the Kapelsche Veer, there was a relatively static situation, at least on Dutch territory. A fairly well- known term in that period was: "the Nijmegen Salient". Nijmegen Salient The Nijmegen Salient was a large area of land controlled by the Allies in the Second World War during the North-West Europe campaign. The area was defended by the First Canadian Army from Nov 1944 to early Feb 1945, after which the Rhineland campaign began. The salient had been created in Sep 1944 during Operation MARKET- GARDEN. While the British XXX Corps was unable to meet its objective of linking up with British paratroopers in Arnhem, the US 82nd Airborne Division had nonetheless managed to capture an undamaged bridge at Nijmegen over the Waal River. British XXX Corps had passed through, and at the start of November were defending the area; after the Battle of the Scheldt, the First Canadian Army took over part of the line in this area. General G.G. Simonds, in command of II Canadian Corps, issued a directive shortly before the Canadians moved into the Salient: ‘’The Nijmegen bridgehead is the most important pieceof soil along the front of 21st Army Group. Here we hold the only bridge across the main course of the Rhine. If the Germans accept a decision west of the Rhine, the eastern face of the Nijmegen bridgehead between the Meuse and the Rhine forms a base through which an attack can be launched against the northern flank of the German battle line. If the Germans withdraw to the east bank of the Rhine, the Nijmegen bridgehead forms a base from which an assault across the Neder Rijn turns the main course of the Rhine itself. Military bridging of the lower course of the Rhine is a doubtful possibility under winter conditions. Therefore, the Nijmegen bridge is of the greatest importance to us and must be protected against all forms of attack”. Units of the Army alternated between the front line and reserve positions, and many infantry and armoured regiments had to "absorb" large numbers of reinforcements. Patrols into enemy territory were also a part of the routine in the Nijmegen Salient. The front line came to settle by this time on the Maas River, a strong water obstacle separating the Allies from the Germans. Concentration could change planning future operations. Two possible alternatives existed for 21st Army Group (consisting of the First Canadian Army and Second British Army). A forward thrust over the Neder Rijn (Arnhem was a September a bridge too far) the river upon which Nijmegen is located, and which was in fact a tributary of the Rhine River), or a right-hand turn and offensive into the Rhineland. Deliberate German flooding on 2nd Patrol Queen’s Own Rifles December 1944 prevented any further advance across the Neder Rijn. A bridgehead north of the Waal, however, permitted for the attack into the Rhineland - that area that still lay west of the Rhine. The Germans recognized the importance of the bridge at Nijmegen, as it saved the Allies an extra river crossing; certainly a tough fight. The Germans deployed frogmen who, on 29 September 1944, succeeded in damaging the bridge somewhat. Later they launched mines upstream hoping that lucky hits would destroy bridge pillars, but also without result. Anti-torpedo nets, constructed in the river by units of the Canadian Forestry Corps prevented such actions. The Germans also used the Bibers (mini-submarines) in their attempts to destroy the bridge over the Waal. In the night of Damaged bridge 13th to 14th January 1945 a flotilla of Bibers was deployed. A total of 17 submarines were reported to have been taken in operation, eight of which achieved their goal. Seven ran aground and two were destroyed prematurely. 16 of the 17 crew members returned to their base unscathed. An area between Waal and Rhine formed a wet border between German and Allied territory. In the night of 2nd to 3rd December 1944, the Germans had blown up the Rijndijk near Elden. Many people in that area had already been evacuated, but now the latter were forced to leave the area. Only about 1000 men were left behind to look after cattle and other matters with the intention of eventually securing this. This is how the so-called "Men's Island" was created. The inundation also had Biber wreck found at Gendt in 2009 (photo RTV Gelderland) a domino effect, because on December 6, 1944 the Linie dyke between Ochten and Kesteren collapsed due to the high-water level in the area. That was not the intention of the Germans who now experienced the problems of inundation. The inhabitants of the area were hit hard: Lienden, Maurik and Ingen were flooded. Later the Germans also flooded the Ooijpolder. Everything to disturb the advance/outbreak of the Allies to the East. The Allies had prepared "Operation Noah" so that they could withdraw their troops quickly if necessary. However, this plan has not been implemented. A fairly static situation at the front does not mean that no activities were attempted. The patrol schedules, both Reconnaissance patrol in the Ooypolder reconnaissance and combat patrols, were fierce. This led to a conflict in the 4th Canadian Armored Division. Lieutenant Colonel Dave Stewart, commander of the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Regiment, was relieved of his post by the newly appointed Division Commander, Major General Christopher Vokes, because he questioned the usefulness of the patrols. In three months "Keeping watch on the Maas" the Canadians lost 683 men. Patrols were the order of the day and not only during the day. At night, soldiers regularly crossed the river in boats. On the one hand to demonstrate a moral dominance over the enemy, and on the other to gather information about the German activities. Taking prisoners of war was important for that. For that purpose, a company of The Lake Superior Regiment (Motor), during the day on January 17, 1945, undertook a raid. The goal was Hoenzadriel, on the north bank of the Maas, opposite 's-Hertogenbosch (Operation Schultz). Given the importance and from the point of view that it was a raid in daylight, they received support from artillery and mortars. The possible prisoners of war could possibly be linked to certain regiments and the strength of the German troops. The success of this operation was limited. It is true that three Germans were taken prisoner, but they belonged to ‘’Bataljon Koch”, an independent unit, and certain conclusions about the composition of troops and strength could not be drawn from it. The patrol itself returned with four slightly wounded people across the river. In addition to the physical efforts and psychological effects of months of warfare, the Allies also suffered from winter conditions. In December 1944 it started to freeze solidly. Operation Veritable was originally planned for January 1945. The Allies wanted to take advantage of the hard-frozen land to relocate their heavy equipment. Because of the Ardennes offensive (Battle of the Bulge) the start of the operation was postponed to February 8, 1945. Because the thaw started with a lot of rain, the Allied units also received the elements as an opponent. Despite water, ice and snow, patrolling had to continue to find out what the enemy might have on its mind. It was important to look for the opponent, to keep spying on him and to keep him busy where possible. In their foxholes the soldiers had military equipment, such as a weapon and ammunition, but also ration cans; finds in the area, years after the war: bags of instant coffee, toothbrushes and personal documents. But they often also had an improvised heater or something else for a bit of warmth. Rain in the foxhole meant wet shoes, in the mud up to the ankles. The heat of the body kept the mud soft. The transport of supplies suffered most from the enemy shelling. The supplied food was more or less passed on from foxhole to foxhole, often with mud and water in it. The cold caused dead fingers; trench feet were common. The gun grease came on hands and clothing and in the food. The constant vigilance, mortar shelling, the fear of snipers and the limited opportunities for comradely communication caused battle exhaustion. Temporary out of the front line and a moment back in the "safety" of the reserve line-up was therefore extremely welcome. In January 1945 a memorable event was celebrated in Nijmegen. The Canadian Blue Diamond Hamburger tent was opened for Canadian soldiers who were stationed in and around Nijmegen. Remarkably, even in this time, the soldier's humor was not lost. In Tilburg, where the headquarter of the Canadian troops was housed there was even a wedding. Getting acquainted with a nice partner was probably not for the men on the front line, but more for those who were active in the support units.
Recommended publications
  • The Black Watch Museum and Home Headquarters
    No. 102 November 2010 THE RED HACKLE Perth and Kinross is proud to be home to the Black Watch Museum and Home Headquarters Delivering Quality to the Heart of Scotland don’t lOSE YOUR VOICE - REGISTER TO VOTE In order to vote you must be registered as an elector. If you are not on the register your views and opinions will count for nothing at election time. You can and should register to vote if you are not already registered. If you have changed your name, please let us know. Members of HM Forces and their spouses or civil partners can register either by means of a service declaration or choose to be registered as an ordinary elector instead. Remember, 16 and 17 year olds who register are entitled to vote as soon as they turn 18. P.S. Did you know that registering to vote can do more than protect your democratic rights? It can also help you open a bank account or get a mortgage, loan or mobile phone. For information on registering to vote: Phone the Freefone Helpline on 0800 393783 e-mail: [email protected] or write to the Electoral Registration Officer, Moray House, 16-18 Bank Street, Inverness IV1 1QY HAVE YOUR SAY No. 102 42nd 73rd November 2010 THE RED HACKLE The Chronicle of The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment), its successor The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland, The Affiliated Regiments and The Black Watch Association Private Sam Morgan receives his Afghanistan campaign medal during the visit or the Royal Colonel to Balhousie Castle on 1 June 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • This Copy of the Thesis Has Been Supplied on Condition That Anyone Who
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2014 The British Way of War in North West Europe 1944-45: A Study of Two Infantry Divisions Devine, Louis Paul http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3014 Plymouth University All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author's prior consent. 1 THE BRITISH WAY OF WAR IN NORTH WEST EUROPE 1944-45: A STUDY OF TWO INFANTRY DIVISIONS By LOUIS PAUL DEVINE A thesis Submitted to Plymouth University in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Humanities May 2013 2 Louis Paul Devine The British Way of War in North West Europe 1944-45: A Study of two infantry divisions Abstract This thesis will examine the British way of war as experienced by two British Infantry Divisions - the 43rd ‘Wessex’ and 53rd ‘Welsh’ - during the Overlord campaign in North West Europe in 1944 and 1945. The main locus of research centres on the fighting components of those divisions; the infantry battalions and their supporting regiments.
    [Show full text]
  • HTST 526 – the Canadian Military in the Second World War COURSE
    HTST 526 – The Canadian Military in the Second World War Fall 2018 – University of Calgary Seminar Hours: Thursday, 1400-1645 Room: SS623 Professor: Dr. D. J. Bercuson Email: [email protected] Office Telephone: 403-220-4038 Office Hours: Thursday 1300-1400 Office: SS 856B COURSE DESCRIPTION This seminar will explore Second World War officer leadership in the Canadian Army. To begin, students must read On the Psychology of Military Incompetence (entire book), Crerar’s Lieutenants (entire book) The Generals (Chapters 1-7, Conclusion). These required texts are located at the University of Calgary bookstore, history area. Once students have read and discussed these readings – providing a contextual foundation for what it is that makes a successful commander – the course will begin by critically analyzing the legacy left by the Canadian Corps and General Sir Arthur Currie. Next, students will focus on subjects such as officer selection, education, and training prior to and during the Second World War. By investigating Canadian organizational, tactical, and operational successes and failures, students will ultimately determine if Canada produced any actual or potential “Arthur Curries” during the Second World War. Throughout the seminar and specific to the presentations, students should consider the following questions: What is it that “makes” a successful commander? How should leadership be measured? What is the relationship between a leader and subordinates? What is the difference between management and leadership? This is a senior undergraduate/graduate seminar with graduate students also participating. It involves considerable reading and self-study as well as active class discussion. Students who feel themselves unable to engage in such seminar discussion should carefully review their grade expectations in this course.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the 1St Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment
    Canadian Military History Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 5 1995 “Kangaroos at War”: the History of the 1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment John R. Grodzinski Royal Military College of Canada, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Recommended Citation Grodzinski, John R. "“Kangaroos at War”: the History of the 1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment." Canadian Military History 4, 2 (1995) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Grodzinski: “Kangaroos at War” John R. Grodzinski he Second World War witnessed the marching in the open or being carried on vehicles development and large scale use of many new with limited protection had to change.2 Simonds T 3 weapons: aircraft, armoured vehicles, had studied this problem in 1938 and in 1944 communications systems and rockets are but a found a solution in employing discarded few. An equally important revolution occurred in armoured vehicles modified to carry infantry. He tactics, where all armies had to learn how to ordered the Priest self-propelled guns recently integrate and use these systems in battle. turned in by the artillery regiments of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division to be converted to One innovation was the means by which infantry carriers. infantry was moved across the battlefield. The previous method of advancing in the open, On 31 July 1944, Brigadier CM. Grant, the "leaning into the barrage" had proven too costly.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Infantry Combat Training During the Second World War
    SHARPENING THE SABRE: CANADIAN INFANTRY COMBAT TRAINING DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR By R. DANIEL PELLERIN BBA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2007 BA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2008 MA, University of Waterloo, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada © Raymond Daniel Ryan Pellerin, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii ABSTRACT “Sharpening the Sabre: Canadian Infantry Combat Training during the Second World War” Author: R. Daniel Pellerin Supervisor: Serge Marc Durflinger 2016 During the Second World War, training was the Canadian Army’s longest sustained activity. Aside from isolated engagements at Hong Kong and Dieppe, the Canadians did not fight in a protracted campaign until the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. The years that Canadian infantry units spent training in the United Kingdom were formative in the history of the Canadian Army. Despite what much of the historical literature has suggested, training succeeded in making the Canadian infantry capable of succeeding in battle against German forces. Canadian infantry training showed a definite progression towards professionalism and away from a pervasive prewar mentality that the infantry was a largely unskilled arm and that training infantrymen did not require special expertise. From 1939 to 1941, Canadian infantry training suffered from problems ranging from equipment shortages to poor senior leadership. In late 1941, the Canadians were introduced to a new method of training called “battle drill,” which broke tactical manoeuvres into simple movements, encouraged initiative among junior leaders, and greatly boosted the men’s morale.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-39
    THE POLICY OF NEGLECT: THE CANADIAN MILITIA IN THE INTERWAR YEARS, 1919-39 ___________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ___________________________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY __________________________________________________________ by Britton Wade MacDonald January, 2009 iii © Copyright 2008 by Britton W. MacDonald iv ABSTRACT The Policy of Neglect: The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-1939 Britton W. MacDonald Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2008 Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin The Canadian Militia, since its beginning, has been underfunded and under-supported by the government, no matter which political party was in power. This trend continued throughout the interwar years of 1919 to 1939. During these years, the Militia’s members had to improvise a great deal of the time in their efforts to attain military effectiveness. This included much of their training, which they often funded with their own pay. They created their own training apparatuses, such as mock tanks, so that their preparations had a hint of realism. Officers designed interesting and unique exercises to challenge their personnel. All these actions helped create esprit de corps in the Militia, particularly the half composed of citizen soldiers, the Non- Permanent Active Militia. The regulars, the Permanent Active Militia (or Permanent Force), also relied on their own efforts to improve themselves as soldiers. They found intellectual nourishment in an excellent service journal, the Canadian Defence Quarterly, and British schools. The Militia learned to endure in these years because of all the trials its members faced. The interwar years are important for their impact on how the Canadian Army (as it was known after 1940) would fight the Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • 49Er1950no050
    -L'MBER SO 1850 nary, 1950 THE FORTY-NINER Important Services OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS A new arm of the Government, the Department of Economic Affairs, was established at the regular session of the Legislature in 1945. Functions of the Department, according: to the authorizing Act, were to "further and encourage orderly, economic, cultural and social de- velopment for the betterment of the people of the Province in accord- ance with the principles and requirements of a democracy, and to assist in and advance the proper rehabilitation of men and women returning to the Province from the Armed Services of Canada and from war industries. @ Cultural Activities Branch to stimu- @ Agent General in London whose par- late interest in the fine arts in par- ticular concern is immigration and ticular and recreation generally. makes final selection of applicants for immigration to the Province. @ Industrial Development and Economic Research Branch for the purpose of solving technical problems relating to @ Film and Photographic Branch @ industries coming to Alberta, etc. Supplying pictorial matter to illus- trate newspaper and magazine arti- @ Public Relations Office to establish cles publicizing Alberta. and maintain good will between the public and various departments of the @ Southern Alberta Branch @ Situated Government. in Calgary. Handling all business of @ Publicity Bureau handling advertis- the department and its branches in ing, news and features publicizing Southern Alberta. Alberta. @ Alberta Travel Bureau promoting in- @ Iimmigr.ation Branch to look after the terest in Alberta's Tourist attractions screening of applicants, welfare of in the local, national and internation- immigrants, etc. al fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Market Garden WWII
    Operation Market Garden WWII Operation Market Garden (17–25 September 1944) was an Allied military operation, fought in the Netherlands and Germany in the Second World War. It was the largest airborne operation up to that time. The operation plan's strategic context required the seizure of bridges across the Maas (Meuse River) and two arms of the Rhine (the Waal and the Lower Rhine) as well as several smaller canals and tributaries. Crossing the Lower Rhine would allow the Allies to outflank the Siegfried Line and encircle the Ruhr, Germany's industrial heartland. It made large-scale use of airborne forces, whose tactical objectives were to secure a series of bridges over the main rivers of the German- occupied Netherlands and allow a rapid advance by armored units into Northern Germany. Initially, the operation was marginally successful and several bridges between Eindhoven and Nijmegen were captured. However, Gen. Horrocks XXX Corps ground force's advance was delayed by the demolition of a bridge over the Wilhelmina Canal, as well as an extremely overstretched supply line, at Son, delaying the capture of the main road bridge over the Meuse until 20 September. At Arnhem, the British 1st Airborne Division encountered far stronger resistance than anticipated. In the ensuing battle, only a small force managed to hold one end of the Arnhem road bridge and after the ground forces failed to relieve them, they were overrun on 21 September. The rest of the division, trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge, had to be evacuated on 25 September. The Allies had failed to cross the Rhine in sufficient force and the river remained a barrier to their advance until the offensives at Remagen, Oppenheim, Rees and Wesel in March 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Antwerp Text
    SECOND WORLD WAR TH 60ANNIVERSARY The Advance from the Seine to Antwerp 25 August – 30 September 1944 ‘The days of rapid advance across North West Europe’ No.6 The Advance from the Seine to Antwerp ANTWERP, BELGIUM NETHERLANDS London• NORTH SEA Berlin• BELGIUM GERMANY Paris• FRANCE NETHERLANDS London KEY FACTS • Ostend • • Antwerp Antwerp is: Calais • • Brussels • The second largest city in Belgium BELGIUM Le Havre • The second largest harbour in Europe • FRANCE • Located at the inner point of the Scheldt estuary • Paris • 69 km (43 miles) from the North Sea Cover image: British infantry advance past a destroyed 88 mm anti-aircraft gun IWM B 9982 THE ADVANCE FROM THE SEINE TO ANTWERP | 1 Foreword by the Under Secretary of State for Defence and Minister for Veterans, Ivor Caplin MP This series of commemorative booklets is dedicated to those who fought for our freedom in World War Two. The booklets provide a detailed account of key actions of the war for those familiar with the period, as well as serving as an educational tool for younger people less familiar with the heroic actions of Allied Service personnel. In this, the sixth booklet in the series, we commemorate the way the Royal Navy and the RAF combined so effectively with the 21st Army Group and made such a rapid leap forward from the Seine to Antwerp. August 1944 presented the Allies with a unique opportunity to lunge like a rapier through German-held Belgium and the Netherlands and end the war in weeks rather than months. To enable such a rapid advance, the well-fortified channel ports had to be cleared of German forces and opened up to Allied ships carrying the hundreds of tons of fuel and ammunition needed to sustain the effectiveness of the rapidly advancing Armour and Infantry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rhine River Crossings by Barry W
    The Rhine River Crossings by Barry W. Fowle Each of the Allied army groups had made plans for the Rhine crossings. The emphasis of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) planning was in the north where the Canadians and British of Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery's 21st Army Group were to be the first across, followed by the Ninth United States Army, also under Montgomery. Once Montgomery crossed, the rest of the American armies to the south, 12th Army Group under General Omar N. Bradley and 6th Army Group under General Jacob L. Devers, would cross. On 7 March 1945, all that Slegburg changed. The 27th Armored Infantry Battalion, Combat Beuel Command B, 9th Armored Division, discovered that the Ludendorff bridge at 9th NFANR " Lannesdorf I0IV R Remagen in the First Army " Mehlem Rheinbach area was still standing and Oberbachem = : kum h RM Gelsd srn passed the word back to the q 0o~O kiVl 78th e\eaeo Combat Command B com- INP L)IV Derna Ahweile Llnz mander, Brigadier General SInzig e Neuenahi Helmershelm William M. Hoge, a former G1 Advance to the Rhine engineer officer. General 5 10 Mile Brohl Hoge ordered the immediate capture of the bridge, and Advance to the Rhine soldiers of the 27th became the first invaders since the Napoleonic era to set foot on German soil east of the Rhine. Crossings in other army areas followed before the month was. over leading to the rapid defeat of Hitler's armies in a few short weeks. The first engineers across the Ludendorff bridge were from Company B, 9th Armored Engineer Battalion (AEB).
    [Show full text]
  • OPERATION OVERLORD: the INVASION OPERATION NEPTUNE: the LANDING Gen
    X u DAY, MONTH XX, 2014 XXXXPAPER’SNAMEXXXX u xxxxwebsitexxx OPERATION OVERLORD: THE INVASION OPERATION NEPTUNE: THE LANDING Gen. Dwight D Eisenhower Supreme Allied Commander English Channel Gen. Montgomery 21st Army Group England is 116 miles north (10 sq. mi. grid) Lt. Gen. Bradley Lt. Gen. Dempsey U.S. First Army British Second Army U.S. VII Corps U.S. V Corps British XXX Corps British I Corps Cherbourg 90th & 4th 1st & 29th 50th Infantry 3rd Infantry 51st Infantry 6th Airborne 82nd Infantry Div.’s Infantry Div.’s Division Division Division Division Airborne Vologones 6:30 a.m. 6:30 a.m. 7:25 a.m. 7:55 a.m. 7:25a.m. 12 - 3 a.m. Division Troops: Troops: Troops: Troops: Troops: Part of 709th Infantry 23,250 34,250 24,970 21,400 28,845 13,000 Allied Division Casualties: Casualties: Casualties: Casualties: Casualties: paratroopers About 300 About 2,400 About 400 About 1,200 About 630 and gliders St. Mere Eglise UTAH 101st Airborne Pointe 243rd 91st Division -du-Hoc Infantry Infantry OMAHA 12 - 3 a.m. Division Division Part of GOLD JUNO 13,000 Allied paratroopers SWORD and gliders Bayeux 352nd 6th Parachute Infantry Regiment Division MAP KEY Beachheads 711th Infantry Area held by June 12 DY CAEN Division Combat ship AN Landing craft M R Saint Lo 716th O Field Marshal Erwin Rommel Infantry C-47 Skytrain N Paris is 124 miles southeast German Army Group B 21st Division 30th Mobile Panzer Airborne troops Division Gen. Dollmann Gen. H. Von Salmuth Division German battery VII Army XV Army ENGLAND JUNE 6 1944 ★ JUNE 6 2014 INVASION ( TIMELINE London Southampton Plymouth Portsmouth 0000 (Midnight) » First air- borne troops begin to land.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoffmeister in Italy
    Canadian Military History Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 8 1993 Hoffmeister in Italy J.L. Granatstein York University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Granatstein, J.L. "Hoffmeister in Italy." Canadian Military History 2, 2 (1993) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Granatstein: Hoffmeister in Italy Hoffmeister in Italy J .L. Granatstein This article is excerpted from Granatstein's The Generals: The Canadian Army's Senior Commanders in the Second World War and is published with permission of the author and Stoddart Publishers, Toronto. The author expresses his gratitude to Dr. Bill McAndrew and Lieutenant-Colonel J.A. English for their assistance which will be evident in this article. hris Vokes, commanding the citing his "ability to think clearly C 1st Canadian Infantry and quickly. Good leadership Division's 2 Brigade in which the qualities. Will make a good G Seaforth Highlanders served, had staff [operations] officer and with heard about Major B.M. more experience a bde. comd. "3 Hoffmeister. "There is no such Staff College had prepared thing as a bom soldier," Vokes Hoffmeister for battle, and when was told, "but he is the next best the 1st Division was detailed for thing to it. He takes to soldiering the operations in Sicily, Hoffy's like a duck to water." Vokes men, for so the Seaforths now wanted Hoffmeister to take over thought of themselves, were the Seaforths, and he had ready.
    [Show full text]