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Chlorine Can Bring Chemistry to Life: Introduce Students to Chemistry Without Tackling the Whole Periodic Table at Once

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Chlorine Can Bring Chemistry to Life: Introduce Students to Chemistry Without Tackling the Whole Periodic Table at Once DOCUMENT RESUME ED 393 650 SE 056 326 AUTHOR Selnes, Marvin TITLE Chlorine Can Bring Chemistry to Life: Introduce Students to Chemistry without Tackling the Whole Periodic Table At Once. INSTITUTION Chlorine Chemistry Council, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 17p. AVAILABLE FROM Chlorine Chemistry Council, Suite 300, 1901 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Chemistry; Science Activities; Science Instruction; Science Interests; *Scientific Concepts; Secondary Education; Student Interests; Worksheets IDENTIFIERS *Chlorine ABSTRACT Recognizing basic elements as building blocks is essential to the study of science, and looking closer at one element in particular, chlorine, can help ignite students' interest in chemistry. This document contains a 2-day study of building block chemistry using basic concepts and easy-to-find materials. Teaching materials include objectives, safety notes, disposal of solutions, teaching strategies, sample student data table, chlorine background information, chlorine chemistry and product tree, and student worksheets. (MKR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * Introduce students to chemistry without 1 1.o'cience Scope Article Reprint tackling the whole periodic table atonce. I 2. 3. _ 4._ 5. 6. 7. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U 8 DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION 1 MATT RIAL HAS REEN G ANTE BY , '..n' ( rl.s, abnnel Freswelc end IinpowrnnI i .;A TIONAI (IF SOURCES INFORMATION CF NTF (4 IERICI 8. ',.s hal been reproduced es I.On IN. pel.0 CO ONISnittinn 9. ..4 ,/,blimp% hilrf. f.en mode ro .mprov PC.Ofil, hon r)..II.Iy 10. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES I ol r10.,c ormons 414110in W., d u ^,ero clnol 44c0330,1r ,notflyent flU.$' INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 po.( r TI BEST COPY AVAILABLE MARVIN SELNES Ask a class of middle-schoolers sium, magnesium, hydrogen, and to open their textbooks to carbon are true building blocks. What do tents, the periodic table and two They combine readily with other jogging shoes, lightning-fast reactions are likely to elements to form compounds. occur: eyes glaze over and brains These "building block" elements cosmetics, and change channels Why? Because at can be likened to the foundation schoolbooks have in first sight, all those chemical sym- of a building: The reactions they common? That's a bols and little blocks send one spark are the basis of countless message, "Huhhh?" chemical formations. good question to In reality, those Hocks represent Recognizing these elements as ask your science more that 100 pure elements that building blocks is essential to the combine to build just about every- study of science. And looking students. Looking thing in the world. That's a pretty closer at one element in particu- for the answer will awesome idea, even if your hero is larone of the liveliest on the lead to an eye- Bart Simpson. periodic tablecan help ignite Even more incredible is the fact students' interest in building block opening lesson in that just a handful of those ele- chemistry. building block ments make up over 99 percent of the Earth's crust, atmosphere, and chemistry. oceans by weight. Oxygen, chlo- Marvin Seines is a science supervisor for rine, silicon, aluminum, iron, phos- the Sioux FalLs School District in South phorous, calcium, sodium, potas- Dakota. Chlorine, an element Chlorine and public health munities recognize that the benefits that's everywhere Because water is so basic to our of disinfected drinking water out- Of aIt the elements, chlorine is existence, ensuring safe drinking weigh the potential risk. But why among the most active. It is almost water also would be a natural topic not find out for yourself? Explore never found free, or uncombined, for student exploration and class these issues with your students. because chlorine teams up with discussion. For example, the Latin As a class, weigh the risks and nearly every element it meetsin American cholera epidemic in the benefits of water disinfection. nature, in the research lab, or at a news over the past year is a shock- Talk with your local public manufacturing plant. ing reminder of what can happen health officials to learn more about That's why chlorine is often when drinking water is not ad- the threat of waterborne diseases found in some surprising places and equately disinfected. In fact, it is and the use of chemicals (including products. Chlorine makes up two estimated that more than 25,000 chlorine) for water disinfection. percent by weight of all sea water children worldwide die every day Contact your local water-treatment on Earth. Chlorine is in our bodies from causes related to dirty water. authorities to arrange a visit to a and in our blood; it forms the hy- At the same time, questions local water plant for a close-up drochloric acid that helps our have been raised about potential view of how water is made safe to stomachs digest food. While most risks from drinking water that has drink. Conduct library research to people are aware of chlorine's use been disinfected. While disinfec- learn morc about waterborne dis- in swimming pools, in laundry tion eradicates such life-threatening eases on a global scale. Perhaps bleach, or as a drinking water dis- diseases as cholera, typhoid, and most educational, facilitate class infectantthey may never guess dysentery, some studies suggest it discussion on what students have that chlorine is used to make tents, also may slightly increase the risk learned, including how society uses jogging shoes, telephones, cosmet- of certain types of cancer. The science to weigh risks and benefits ics, or schoolbooks. scientific and public heahh corn- in areas such as public health. Chlorine compounds are used in the production of thousands of consumer goods, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products. The pro- From whiter whites to Michael Faraday, and Humphry cess can be very complex, such as leukemia medications Davy (who first proved chlorine the use of chlorine compounds in Chlorine, the seventeenth atomic was an element) all experimented making polyester or polyvinyl chlo- element, was discovered in 1774 by with chlorine. But it wasn't until ride (PVC) products, such as vinyl the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm early this century that chlorine's rain gear and house siding. Or it Scheele. His find heralded the way public health and commercial ben- can he extremely simple. Combin- for whiter whites. The bleaching efits became _vident. Chlorine was ing sodium with chlorine yields properties of this new gas were an found to be an effective drinking sodium chloride, a product that's instant improvement over the only water disinfectant, virtually elimi- part of many mealstable salt. other method of lightening fabrics: nating the threat of waterborne Without chlorine compounds, bleaching them in the Sun for six disease. About the same time, the we wouldn't have many of the weeks. However, there was one discovery of an economical way to products and services that we often drawback. Chlorine gas rusted the cool and pressurize chlorine gas take for granted. Skeptics need metal machinery and equipment of paved the way for widespread corn- only look around the classroom the day, so it was not widely used. meic ial applications. notebook paper, electronic gadgets, But in 1789, chlorine was com- Today, chlorine is produced by pencil erasers, cassette tapesto bined with a potash solution that electrolysis. An electrical current grasp the real-life impact of chlo- made it easier to use. passed through salt water (from the rine and other building block Interest in chlorine grew rapidly. sea or underground salt deposits) chemicals. Antoine Lavoisier, james Watt, splits p)sitive m)dium and negative JANUARY1 9 9 3 chloride ions. Since opposite compounds and the activities on Lesson objectives, teaching strate- charges attract, the negative chlo- the attached poster can help you gies, and key discussion points are rine ions collect at the positive deliver a two-day lesson on provided. Student hand-outs can poles to form molecular chlorine "What's in this stuff?" easily be photocopied from the gas. The gas is dried, chilled, and Start by awing your students back of the poster. The materials pressurized or converted to liquid with magic: Turn "wine" (water used in the experiments can be for storage and shipping. Chlorine tinted with red food coloring) into obtained inexpensively through any is used as a building block in a water right before their eyes. school science supplies vendor. range of products from laundry Household bleach, or sodium hy- Always follow your schools' safery bleach to ski boots to leukemia pochlorite, is the secret ingredient precautions regarding chemical use, medications. that clears up the water. Once the including providing protective secret is out, point to the poster to eyewear for students. launch a hunt for all the unex- pected things chlorine compounds More building block chemistry Tune in students' help build. On day two, give stu- For your free copy of the Building imaginations to dents an opportunity to put chlo- Blocks of Our World: Chlorine video building block rine to the test themselvesexperi- or additional activities that illus- menting with a variety of chlorine trate the use of chemicals in every- chemistry and hear saltsto see what happens when day life, please contact Schools, some natural chlorine combines with other com- Chlorine Chemistry Council pounds. For instance, when light 2501 M Street, N.W. reactionsthe blue chunks of copper chloride Washington, D.C. 20037 "ahhs" and "ohhs" react with ammonia, they turn dark (202) 887-5418 of discovery. blue. However, copper chloride's reaction with water and aluminum Other activity resources is surprisingly different; the new Chemical Education for Public Introducing building mixture bubbles, gets warm, and Understanding Program (CEPUP) block chemistry turns brown.
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