Chapter 4 All About Motherboards Part 1
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A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC, 8th Edition Chapter 4 All About Motherboards Objectives • Learn about the different types and features of motherboards • Learn how to use setup BIOS and physical jumpers to configure a motherboard • Learn how to maintain a motherboard • Learn how to select, install, and replace a motherboard A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 2 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Motherboard Types and Features • Motherboard – Most complicated computer component – One of the first items to consider when building a computer – A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. The motherboard contains significant sub-systems such as the processor and other components. A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 3 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Motherboard Types and Features Consider the following when purchasing a motherboard: • Form factor • Processor socket (for CPU) and chipset • Buses and number of bus slots (Speed) • Other power connectors, slots, and ports on the motherboard A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 4 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Motherboard Form Factors • Determines motherboard size, features – Compatible with power supplies, cases, processors, expansion cards • Most popular – ATX, MicroATX, and Mini-ITX • Mini-ITX is smaller than MicroATX and is also known as ITX • MicroATX is backward compatible with ATX case mounting point and the screws in every place that you would use to put it into the case are exactly the same as an ATX motherboard. • The following slides show examples of form factors and comparisons of sizes and hold positions of several form factors A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 5 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 6 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 BTX A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 7 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Table 3-1 Sockets for Intel processors used for desktop computers A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 8 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Intel Full Tower, desktop, mid-tower… ATX 1996 A standard proposed by Intel as a successor to ATX in the early 2000s, according to Intel the layout has better cooling. BTX Boards are flipped in comparison to ATX Boards, so a Intel BTX or MicroBTX Board needs a BTX case, while an ATX style board fits in an ATX case. BTX 2004 The RAM slots and the PCI slots are parallel to each other. Processor is placed closest to the fan. May contain a CNR board. A smaller variant of the ATX form factor (about 25% shorter). Compatible with most ATX 9.6 × 9.6 in microATX 1996 cases, but has fewer slots than ATX, for a smaller power supply unit. Very popular for 244 × 244 mm desktop and small form factor computers as of 2007 Mini-ATX is slightly smaller than Micro-ITX. Mini-ATX motherboards were design with AOpen 5.9 × 5.9 in Mini-ATX MoDT (Mobile on Desktop Technology) which adapt mobile CPUs for lower power 2005 150 × 150 mm requirement, less heat generation and better application capability. 6.7 × 6.7 in VIA A small, highly-integrated form factor, designed for small devices such as thin clients and Mini-ITX 170 × 170 mm 2001 set-top boxes. max. VIA 4.7 × 4.7 in Targeted at smart digital entertainment devices such as PVRs, set-top boxes, media Nano-ITX 2003 120 × 120 mm centers and Car PCs, and thin devices. VIA 3.9 × 2.8 in Pico-ITX 2007 100 × 72 mm max. A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 9 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Motherboard Specifications •Form Factor : ATX . • Processor Socket: Intel •Processor interface : socket 775 • Processors Supported: Intel Pentium D Intel Pentium EE Intel Core 2 Duo Intel Core 2 Extreme Intel Core 2 Quad Intel Pentium Dual Core Intel Penryn A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 10 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Motherboard Specifications Form Factor: Micro ATX, uATX Processor Socket: Intel Processor Interface: LGA1156 Processors Supported: Intel Core i7 Intel Core i5 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 11 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Figure 4-3 A Mini-ITX motherboard A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 12 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 13 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 14 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 15 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Processor Sockets • The CPU socket or slot is the connector that interfaces between the motherboard and the processor itself. • Processor socket – determines which processors a board can support – Socket holds Intel or AMD processor • Sockets for Intel processors – Intel makes several Itanium and Xeon processors designed for servers A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 16 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Processor Sockets • Sockets and processor use different methods to make contacts between them: – Pin grid array (PGA) socket • Pins aligned in uniform rows around socket – Land grid array (LGA) • Uses lands (pads) rather than pins • Examples of LGA sockets: LGA775 and LGA1366 – Flip-chip land grid array (FCLGA) socket • Chip is flipped over so that the top of the chip is on the bottom and makes contact with the socket A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 17 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Land Grid Array Chip and Socket Pin Grid Array Chip and Socket A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining 18 your PC, 7e © Cengage Learning 2014 LGA Socket Socket 775 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining LGA 1156 Socket 19 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 PGA A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 20 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Flip Chip LGA Flip Chip PGA A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 21 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Processor Sockets • Sockets and processor use different methods to make contacts between them (cont’d): – Staggered pin grid array (SPGA) • Pins staggered over socket • Squeezes more pins into a small space • Easily bent – Ball grid array (BGA) • Not really a socket • Processor is soldered to the motherboard A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 22 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Ball grid array Socket SPGA Socket A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 23 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Figure 4-6 Socket LGA775 is the first Intel socket to use lands rather than pins A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 24 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Processor Sockets • Zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets – All current processor sockets – Side lever lifts processor up and out of the socket • Sockets for AMD Processors – AMD uses the PGA socket architecture (desktops) A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 25 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining © Cengage Learning 2014 26 your PC, 7e Table 4-3 Sockets for AMD processors used for desktop computers A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 27 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 28 A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining © Cengage Learning 2014 Your PC, 8th Edition Sockets and CPUs Motherboard spcification : •Form Factor : ATX . Processors Supported: • Processor Socket: Intel Intel Pentium D , Intel Pentium EE •Processor interface : socket 775 Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Extreme Intel Core 2 Quad , Intel Pentium Dual Core Intel Penryn A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 29 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Processor Sockets • Match a processor to the socket and motherboard – Refer to motherboard, processor compatibility documentation Figure 4-9 AMD Athlon 64 processor to be inserted into an AM2+ socket A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 30 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 The socket AM2 has 940 pin holes. 31 © Cengage Learning 2014 Intel LGA 1156 Supporting Intel’s Core i3-, i5-, and 800-series i7 microprocessors, LGA 1156 motherboards connect two channels of DDR3 memory and 16 full-speed (5.0 Gb/s) PCIe 2.0 lanes directly to the processor. Because all northbridge functions, including memory and primary PCIe control, have been moved onto the processor, additional PCIe connections are available only through the "southbridge" component that remains on the motherboard itself, a part Intel has renamed as its Platform Controller Hub (PCH). Using the slower DMI interface (traditional for Intel northbridge-to-southbridge connections), the PCH provides only 2.5 Gb/s per pathway, and is therefore unsuitable for high-bandwidth applications such as graphics cards. PCIe limitations, LGA 1156 is generally best-suited for users who require very few high- bandwidth expansion cards, including some users who rely almost exclusively on CPU performance. An acceptable workaround for the PCIe limitation has also been found for certain motherboard and high-performance graphics configurations. A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 32 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Socket AM3 Socket AM3 motherboards are nearly identical to similarly-named AM2+ models, but have DDR3 memory slots. Because Socket AM3 processors support both DDR2 and DDR3, AM3 processor users can choose between AM3 and AM2+ motherboards depending on memory preference. Current prices for DDR2 and DDR3 4GB dual-channel kits are similar, but we expect DDR3 will eventually be the better value as production of DDR2 declines. A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining 33 Your PC, 8th Edition © Cengage Learning 2014 Intel LGA 1366 Supporting 900-series Core i7 processors, LGA 1366 provides the motherboard with three memory channels and a high-bandwidth QPI interface for its chipset.