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4MIZVQVOW]\KWUM[ )KSVW_TMLOMUMV\[ This resource provides students the This series of facts sheets and lesson plans were created opportunity to develop knowledge and for Southern Seabird Solutions Trust. The Department understanding about RI&RQVHUYDWLRQ·V0DULQH&RQVHUYDWLRQ8QLWIXQGHGWKLV environmental education project. • why New Zealand is considered the seabird capital of the world; Fact sheets by Shelly Farr Biswell • the special adaptations seabirds have so Lesson plans by Ken Hodson they can live at sea; 'HVLJQDQGLOOXVWUDWLRQE\/LVD3DWRQRI0RUSKRORJLFDO - Environmental Communication • seabird ecology; Southern Seabird Solutions project steering committee: • ecosystems, and understand why $ODQ5LZDND6DUDK&U\VHOO-R*DUW\:HQG\%DUU\ seabirds are important to their 6WHSKDQLH5RZHDQG'DQLFD'HYHU\6PLWK ecosystems; Various people have reviewed sections or complete • seabird migrations; drafts of these fact sheets and have provided helpful ‡ SŗUăNDXOHJHQGVDQGVWRULHVDERXWPDQX comments. These people include Stephen Bragg (DOC), PRDQDVHDELUGVIURP$RWHDURD1HZ Peter de Lange (DOC), Dave Kellian (Southern Seabird Zealand; 6ROXWLRQV $QXUX/XNH '2& &ROLQ0LVNHOO\ '2&  -DQLFH0ROOR\ 6RXWKHUQ6HDELUG6ROXWLRQV /\QGRQ • the status of individual species and how 3HUULPDQ '2& 3DXO6DJDU 1,:$ *UDHPH7D\ORU seabird populations are monitored and '2& DQG5LFKDUG:HOOV &OHPHQWDQG$VVRFLDWHV managed; Limited). • human impacts on seabirds and positive 2WKHUVLQFOXGLQJ3HWH0F&OHOODQG '2& DQG6WHYH actions that can be taken to improve Cranwell (DOC), have shared useful information about their chance for survival. VSHFLÀFVSHFLHVIRUWKHVHIDFWVKHHWV

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Common name Maori- name Scientific name $UFWLFVNXD Stercorarius parasiticus $QWLSRGHDQDOEDWURVV Diomedea antipodensis

$XVWUDODVLDQJDQQHW WăNDSXWăNXSX Morus serrator black-fronted tern tarapiroe Sterna albostriata black petrel WăLNR Procellaria parkinsoni broad-billed prion SDUDUă Pachyptila vittata brown skua KăNRDNRD Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi %XOOHU·VDOEDWURVV Thalassarche bulleri &KDWKDPWăLNR Pterodroma magentae &RRN·VSHWUHO WĦWĦ Pterodroma cookii fairy prion WĦWĦZDLQXL Pachyptila turtur grey petrel kui Procellaria cinerea grey-faced petrel ĿL Pterodroma macroptera gouldi +XWWRQ·VVKHDUZDWHU 3XIÀQXVKXWWRQL little blue penguin NRURUă Eudyptula minor masked booby Sula dactylatra fullagari New Zealand fairy tern tara-iti Sterna nereis davisae northern giant petrel SăQJXUXQJXUX Macronectes halli northern royal albatross toroa-whakaingo Diomedea sanfordi sooty shearwater WĦWĦ 3XIÀQXVJULVHXV wandering albatross toroa Diomedea exulans white-capped albatross Thalassarche steadi ZKLWHÁLSSHUHG Eudyptula albosignata penguin yellow-eyed penguin hoiho Megadyptes antipodes

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa Where and how do seabirds nest?

6M_BMITIVLQ[WN\MVKITTML\PMUIV]UWIVI[MIJQZLKIXQ\ITWN\PM 3Ma_WZL[ _WZTLJMKI][MWN\PMTIZOMV]UJMZWN[MIJQZL[\PI\JZMMLPMZM¸  FDPRXÁDJHEXUURZ LQNNMZMV\[XMKQM[,QLaW]SVW_\PI\UIVaWN\PM[MIJQZL[\PI\ NĿKDQJD²QHVW VM[\QV6M_BMITIVLLWVW\JZMMLIVa_PMZMMT[MQV\PM_WZTL' hua PDQX²HJJ )T\PW]OPUIVa[MIJQZL[LWVM[\WV\PMUIQVTIVLUW[\WNW]Z SĦSĦ²FKLFN [MIJQZL[XMKQM[JZMMLWVTaWV[]ZZW]VLQVOQ[TIVL[IVLZWKS[\IKS[ 5IV]UWIVI ;MIJQZL NRURUă²OLWWOHEOXHSHQJXLQ ,QNNMZMV\SQVL[WNVM[\[ WDUDLWL²IDLU\WHUQ Surface nesting 6RPHVHDELUGVOLNHWDUDLWLIDLU\WHUQVEXLOGQHVWVWKDWDUH simply scrapes in the sand, set in amongst broken seashells. The brown speckled eggs they lay and their chicks are well FDPRXÁDJHGIURPVRPHSUHGDWRUV²VRPHWLPHVWRRZHOO FDPRXÁDJHG0DQ\VHDELUGDQGVKRUHELUGQHVWVDUHLQ danger of being run over by vehicles or being trampled because they are so hard to see.

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y s predators to reach and they e t r u provide the adult seabirds with o c to easy access to food. For large o ph seabirds, cliffs can also be easier t, es n n places to take-off from. W ss o hite-capped albatro

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n i WREXLOGQHVWER[HVIRUWKHPWRXVH$OORYHU1HZ u g n Zealand children and adults volunteer their time to build, e p in place and monitor little blue penguin nest boxes. In many n ui ng places the breeding success of little blue penguins that use nest pe ue ER[HVLVKLJKHUWKDQWKRVHWKDWGRQ·W3DUWRIWKHUHDVRQIRUWKLVLV P le bl erson putting litt because the way nest boxes are designed stops two of the little blue SHQJXLQ·VELJJHVWSUHGDWRUV²GRJVDQGFDWV²IURPEHLQJDEOHWRJHWLQ ?PI\aW]KIVLW People, pets and vehicles are a major threat to nesting birds. 0DNHVXUH\RXVWD\DZD\IURPDUHDVZKHUH\RXNQRZQHVWV DUHDQGZKHQ\RX·UHRQWKHEHDFKZDWFKZKHUH\RX·UH stepping. Try not to take vehicles on beaches or other bird nesting areas, especially during breeding season. 5HPHPEHULI\RXVHHHJJVRUFKLFNVWKHFKDQFHVDUH their parents are close by. Do not touch or remove eggs or chicks from their nests and move away from the area TXLFNO\²WKHLUSDUHQWVZRQ·WUHWXUQWRWKHQHVWXQWLO\RX·YH gone. Keep your dogs and cats in at night. Keep your dog on a Black-fronted tern chick, photo courtesy DOC, lead at all times unless the area is posted as an off-lead area. Rod Morris

*)+3<7+76<-6<; 8:16<<01;.)+<;0--< 6-@<8)/- 8:->17=;8)/- +47;- (Specify pages 4-5) Southern Seabird 2 Solutions Fact Sheet

Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa We’re all in this together – seabird colonies

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*)+3<7+76<-6<; 8:16<<01;.)+<;0--< 6-@<8)/- 8:->17=;8)/- +47;- (Specify pages 6-7) *]QTLQVOIVM_KWTWVa 0RVWVHDELUGVSUHIHUWRUHWXUQWRZKHUHWKH\ZHUHERUQ to nest and raise their young, but there are exceptions. One of the most well known colonies to be established in recent history is the northern royal albatross colony at Taiaroa Head near Dunedin. A u st ,QDSDLURI$QWLSRGHDQDOEDWURVVHVEHJDQEUHHGLQJ ra la si on the Chatham Islands—a place where there is no record of an ga them ever breeding before. nn et c olon C :HGRQ·WNQRZZK\VRPHSDLUVRIVHDELUGVDUHZLOOLQJWRVWDUWQHZ y, photo courtesy DO

colonies, but we do know that having several colonies in different

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s e birds will return there to breed. a fo o d sm oo th ie, ph n oto aha courtesy Paul McG

Hutton’s shearwater

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa What makes a seabird a seabird?

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*)+3<7+76<-6<; 8:16<<01;.)+<;0--< 6-@<8)/- 8:->17=;8)/- +47;- (Specify pages 8-10) Swim this way Seabirds have all different lengths of legs and types of feet. Seabirds that spend most of their time on the ocean usually have short, thick legs and webbed feet. They use their short legs like oars and their webbed feet work like paddles.

A sooty shearwater ‘flying’ underwater. Photo: Kim Westerskov Beaks, beaks, beaks

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Seabirds have a preen gland that helps make their feathers waterproof. They also have thick layers of feathers that help keep them warm and dry. Winging it 6RPHVHDELUGVOLNHNRURUăOLWWOHEOXHSHQJXLQVDQG KRLKR\HOORZH\HGSHQJXLQVFDQ·WÁ\LQWKHDLUDWDOO LQVWHDGWKHLUZLQJVKHOSWKHPWR¶Á\·XQGHUZDWHUWR catch their prey. 2WKHUVHDELUGVDUHEXLOWWRÁ\ORQJGLVWDQFHV $OEDWURVVHVDQGSHWUHOVDUHFRQVLGHUHGWKHJUHDWHVWORQJ GLVWDQFHÁ\HUVRIDOOWKHVHDELUGV7KH\KDYHVPDOO ERGLHVLQUHODWLRQWRWKHLUZLQJVWRPDNHÁLJKWHDVLHU Their long, slender wings help them glide on the wind. 7KHWRURDZDQGHULQJDOEDWURVVFDQKDYHDZLQJVSDQXS WRPHWUHV+RZGRHVWKDWFRPSDUHWR\RXUKHLJKW"

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Sooty How does your height and 3.1 metre wingspan shearwater ‘wingspan’ compare?

Wandering albatross Kid

*)+3<7+76<-6<; 8:16<<01;.)+<;0--< 6-@<8)/- 8:->17=;8)/- +47;- (Specify pages 8-10) Southern Seabird 4 Solutions Fact Sheet

Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa Fishing for food

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Plastic food 6RPHWLPHVVHDELUGVPLVWDNHVPDOOSLHFHVRISODVWLFÁRDWLQJLQWKH water for food. Not only is plastic bad for them, if their stomachs are full of plastic they can starve to death. It has been reported that more than one million seabirds die globally each year from being tangled up in or eating plastic.

Plastic is a major threat to seabirds and other marine life, photo courtesy DOC

*)+3<7+76<-6<; 8:16<<01;.)+<;0--< 6-@<8)/- 8:->17=;8)/- +47;- (Specify pages 11-13) The Southern hemisphere has less plastic in its oceans than the Northern hemisphere, but EHFDXVHPDQ\VHDELUGVKHNHPLJUDWHLW·VD JOREDOLVVXH:KHUHGR\RXWKLQNWKHSODVWLF FRPHVIURP":KDWFDQZHGRWRVWRSRXU RFHDQVIURPEHLQJSROOXWHG"

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZL[IVLXMWXTM Seabirds count – seabird populations in New Zealand

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“Northern royal albatrosses only breed every other year, and each nesting pair puts a lot of energy into raising their chicks over an 11-month period,” he explains. “Because northern royal albatrosses are endangered, every single chick hatched becomes important to the survival of the species.” Egg numbers at the colony were low for a number of reasons. :KHQWKHEUHHGLQJVHDVRQEHJDQÀYHDGXOWVUHWXUQHGZLWKRXW WKHLUPDWHV´8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHLUSDUWQHUVDUHPRVWOLNHO\GHDG Northern royal albatrosses tend to mate with the same partner, so it FDQWDNHXSWRWKUHH\HDUVIRUWKHPWRÀQGDQRWKHUPDWHµ/\QGRQ

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa The big OE –New Zealand seabird migrations

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa Raising their young

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZLMKWTWOa Seabirds and their environment

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Southern Seabird Solutions ;MIJQZL[IVLXMWXTM The impacts of fishing on seabirds

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Troops from the Maori- Battalion with barrels containing tıtı/sooty-- shearwaters for a Christmas meal in Italy. War History Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library.

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