SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE UPDATED AUGUST 2015 2 How to Use This Guide

SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE UPDATED AUGUST 2015 2 How to use this guide

1. Identify the bird • Start by looking at its bill - size and position of nostrils as shown on pages 6-9 to decide if it’s an albatross, a petrel or another group. • If it’s an albatross, use the keys and photos on pages 10-13, to identify the bird to a particular species (or to the 2 or 3 species that it might be), and go to the page specified to confirm the identification. If it’s a petrel, use the key on pages 14-15 , then go to the page as directed. If it’s a shearwater, look at pages 66-77.

2. Record Record your identification in the logbook choosing one of the FAO codes, or a combination of codes from the list on pages 96-99.

3. Take photos Take three photos of the bird as shown on pages 78-81 and submit with the logbook.

4. Sample feathers If a sampling programme is in place, pluck some feathers for DNA analysis as shown on pages 82-83. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 3 Contents

How to use this guide 2 Measuring bill and wing length 4 Albatross, Petrel or other seabird? 6 Bill guide 8 Albatross key 10 Diomedea albatross key 12 Juvenile/Immature Thalassarche key 13 Petrel key 14 North Pacific Albatrosses 16 - 21 Waved Albatross 22 Phoebetria albatrosses (light-mantled and sooty) 24 - 27 Royal albatrosses 28 - 29 ‘Wandering-type’ albatrosses 30 - 37 Thalassarche albatrosses 38 - 51 Juvenile/Immature Thalassarche albatrosses 52 - 53 Giant petrels 54 - 55 Procellaria petrels 56 - 61 Other Petrels 62 - 65 Shearwaters 66 - 77 Data collection protocols - taking photos 78 Data collection protocols - examples of photos 80 Data collection protocols - feather samples for DNA analysis 82 Leg Bands 84 References 88 Your feedback 91 Hook Removal from Seabirds 92 Albatross species list 96 Petrel and Shearwater species list 98 4 Measuring Bill & Wing Length

BILL LENGTH

WING LENGTH 10

20 Ruler 30 (mm) 40 50

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200 6 Albatross, Petrel, Shearwater

Albatrosses Page 10 Separate nostrils.

Petrels Page 14 Fused nostrils on top of short, thick based bill. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 7 Or Other Seabird?

Shearwaters Page 66-70 Fused nostrils on top of long slender bill.

Other seabirds (skuas, gulls, gannets) No separate or fused tubes, just nasal cavities instead. r r r l t e e a t e t e r a a l t w l e r e w e w r a r r r t l t e a a e e e e h m p e r r l t h h d p o e e d p d s t r e e d s t d s g t e n e e d p e s n l o ’ i i n o n a a f ai l hi n w e p t l o t - - c - p - s t - h t l a e a i r s es t C t e g e e i W l r d W h F e G Sh o W W

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Bill guide Wandering Albatross

Albatrosses From Australian Fisheries Management Authority. 2013. Seabird ID Guide for commercial fisheries in southern Australia, modified from Simpson & Day (1995) and Slater (1970).

Black-browed Albatross s s o r t s a s b o l r t a g a b n l i s r s l a e o a r d t y n a o a b R l W s s s s Wandering a o o s r r s t t l l l o a a e e e r r r r b b t l l t t t s a

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Cape petrel Wandering albatross Wandering albatross

Wandering albatross Wandering albatross

Cape petrel

Westland petrel

Wandering albatross Wandering albatross Westland petrel

Royal albatross

Westland petrel

White-chinned petrel

Royal albatross White-chinned petrel r r r r r r r l l t e t e r e e r a a t e t e t e t e l t e r r a a a a l l e t t a w w t e l l t e r e e r r e e a w w e e a w w l t w l r r a a r r r r r r e r t t e w e l l t t w e e a a r a a a r e e r e e r e e t l e e h h t m p m p e e e a r r a e r r e l l e t t h h h h e h m p e r d p d p o o e e e e d p d p r l Black-browed albatross d s d s t h t t h r r e e e e d p o e d s d s e t t d p d s d s d s g g t t e t e n n r e e e e e e d p d p e e d s t s s n n d s l l o o ’ ’ g t e i i i i n n n e e d p e o o s n n n l o a a a a f f ai l ai l ’ hi n hi n i w w i e p e p n t t l l o o t t o - - - - c c n a - - p p a f ai l - - hi n s s w t t e p Grey-headed albatross - - h h t t t

l White-chinned petrel o t - l l a a - c e e a a - p i i r r s s - s t es t es t - h t C C t e t e g g e e l a Flesh-footed shearwater e e e a i i i r s

Black-browed albatross W W l l r r es t d d W W C t e g e h h e i F F e e G G W l r Sh o Sh o d W h W W F e G W W Sh o W W Grey-headed albatross Flesh-footed shearwater SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 9

Petrels

Black-browed albatross Buller’s albatross

Grey-headed albatross Great-winged petrel Yellow-nosed albatross Buller’s albatross Flesh-footed shearwater

Great-winged petrel Yellow-nosed albatross Cape Petrel Great-winged White-chinned Petrel Petrel

Northern giant Petrel s s s s s s s s s s o o s o o r r s r r o t t o t t r a a r t a a t b b a b b l l a s s l l b b l s s s l d a d a Giant Petrel o o

s Wedge-tailed shearwater Buller’s albatross d a d a r r e e d a o t t e e d a s s r e a a d d t e o o s b b a a a d l l o e e b a l h h

e Great-winged petrel y a y a - - h y y h h lo w- n lo w- n y a Yellow-nosed albatross - e e l l

Shy albatross S S Giant Petrel y h

Wedge-tailed shearwater r r lo w- n e e e l S Y Y G G r e Y G

Shy albatross Shearwaters

Short-tailed shearwater

Short-tailed shearwater Giant Petrel Giant Petrel Wedge-tailed shearwater Wedge-tailed Shearwater Short-tailed Shearwater

Giant Petrel Shy albatross Wilson’s storm petrel

Wilson’s storm petrel

Short-tailed shearwater

Giant Petrel

Giant Petrel Giant Petrel

Wilson’s storm petrel

Giant Petrel s s s s s o o s r r o t t s s r a a s s t s b b o o a l l s r r b o t t l r a a g a g a t b b a n n l l g a i i s s b r r n s s l i s l a l a e e o o r s a a r r d d l a e o t t y y n n a r d a a o o t a a y n b b R R a o l l a W W b R l W s s s s Wandering a Wandering a s o o s s s Wandering a r r s s o t t l l l l l l s r o o a a e e e e e e s t l l l r r r r r r r r b b o t t a e e e l l t t t t t t r a a r r r b e e e e e e t l t t t b b a l l e e e d a d a b e e l d a s a s a e ’ ’ an t P an t P an t P an t P an t P an t P i i i i i i s a ’ ro w ro w an t P an t P an t P G G G G G G i i i le r le r b b ro w G G G - - le r b k k - Bu l Bu l c c k a a Bu l c l l a B B l B 10 Albatross key

Observed North of the equator

Yellow bill >130mm, green tip, white head with yellow/buff crown/nape

Mostly black bill, dark head

Pink or flesh coloured bill >154mm, dark cutting edge Pink or flesh coloured bill >135mm, with or without dark cutting edge, brown or white head

Orange bill, red tip, white head

Mostly black bill, yellow upper ridge only

Mostly black bill, yellow upper and lower ridges

Yellow or grey bill, white or grey head

Other SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 11

Observed North Phoebastria of the equator North Pacific Albatrosses Pages 16-21

Yellow bill >130mm, green tip, white head with Waved Albatross Page 22 yellow/buff crown/nape

Phoebetria Mostly black bill, dark head Sooty Albatrosses Pages 24-27

Pink or flesh coloured Diomedea bill >154mm, dark cutting edge Royal Albatrosses Page 28 Pink or flesh coloured bill >135mm, with or without dark cutting edge, Diomedea Key Page 12 brown or white head

Orange bill, red tip, Thalassarche white head Black-browed Albatrosses Page 38

Mostly black bill, yellow upper ridge only Yellow-nosed Albatrosses Page 40

Mostly black bill, yellow Grey-headed Albatross Page 42 upper and lower ridges OR Buller’s Albatross Page 44

Yellow or grey bill, white or grey head Adult ‘Shy type’ Albatrosses Pages 46-51

Other Juvenile Thalassarche Key Pages 13, 52-53 12 Diomedea Albatross Key

Bill >156 mm, dark cutting edge Southern or Northern Royal Albatross Page 28

Bill <154 mm, dark cutting edge Amsterdam Albatross Page 30

Bill ≥155 mm, no dark cutting edge Wandering Albatross Page 32

Bill ≤155 mm, no dark cutting edge Pacific Ocean Antipodean Albatross Page 34

Bill ≤150 mm, no dark cutting edge Atlantic or Indian Ocean Tristan Albatross Page 36 SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 13 Juvenile/Immature Thalassarche Key

Modified from Kiyota M and Minami H. 2000. Identification key to the southern albatrosses based on the bill morphology Bull. Nat. Res. Inst. Far Seas Fish. 37: 9-17

No exposed black skin at base of bill Black-browed/Campbell (P. 52)

Exposed skin, constant width Top of bill extends Buller’s (P. 52) beyond sides

Base of bill from top view

Top of bill flush Shy Group (P. 53) with sides

SIDE

Exposed skin, broader at base Top of bill flush Grey-headed (P. 53) with sides BLACK EXPOSED SKIN

Base of bill from top view

Exposed skin extends Yellow-nosed (P. 52) beyond top of bill BLACK EXPOSED SKIN 14 Petrel Key 1. Bill length >80 mm, reddish tip 2. Bill length >80 mm, greenish tip 1 2

Yellow bill, pale tip, >44 mm, white chin, white markings on face

Yellow bill, pale tip, >44 mm, usually white chin, no white markings on face

Yellow bill, black tip, >44 mm, dark head, Pacific Ocean

Yellow bill, black tip, <44 mm, dark head, Pacific Ocean

Yellow bill, pale tip, <44mm, grey head, white belly

Black bill >34 mm, dark head, grey face

Black bill <34 mm, dark head, white belly SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 15

1. Northern giant Petrel Page 54 2. Southern giant Petrel Page 54 1 2

Spectacled Petrel Page 56

White-chinned Petrel Page 57

Westland Petrel Page 58

Black Petrel Page 56

Grey Petrel Page 60

Great-winged Petrel Page 62

Cape Petrel Page 64 16 NORTH PACIFIC ALBATROSSES

Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes FAO CODE: DKN NEAR THREATENED ©James Lloyd

Bill length: 94-113 mm Wing length: 48-53 cm Body length: 81 cm • North Pacific species ©James Lloyd • All dark bill • Dark plumage, pale patch behind eye and around base of bill, white at base of tail • Juveniles similar to adults Similar species: Unlikely to be mistaken. Distinguished from juvenile Short-tailed Albatrosses (p 20) by all dark bill. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 17

Front

Back 18 NORTH PACIFIC ALBATROSSES

Laysan Albatross Phoebastria immutabilis FAO CODE: DIZ NEAR THREATENED ©James Lloyd

Bill length: 100-112 mm Wing length: 47-50 cm Body length: 79-81 cm • Northern Pacific species ©James Lloyd • Peach/pink bill, grey tip • White head, dark patch around eye extending to grey colouration on face, dark back • Juveniles similar to adults Similar species: Unlikely to be mistaken. Distinguished from Short-tailed Albatrosses (p 20) by dark eye patch, dark back and absence of yellow colouration on head. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 19

Front

Back 20 NORTH PACIFIC ALBATROSSES

Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus FAO CODE: DAQ ENDANGERED ©James Lloyd

Bill length: 129-141 mm Wing length: 53-57 cm Body length: 84-91 cm • North Pacific species • Large pink bill, bluish tip • Adults have white body and back, yellow head colouration • Juveniles dark chocolate brown with large pink bill Similar species: Unlikely to be mistaken. Only albatross with white body and back found in North Pacific. Juveniles distinguished from Black-footed Albatrosses (p 16) by pink bill. improve this guidepleaseemail:[email protected] We currently donothave adeadorbycaught photo of this species . If youof thisspecies.If cancontribute aphoto to SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

©Aleks Terauds 21

©James Lloyd 22 WAVED ALBATROSS

Waved Albatross Phoebastria irrorata FAO CODE: DPK CRITICALLY ENDANGERED © Ron LeValley

Bill length: 134-160 mm Wing length: 51-59 cm Body length: 90 cm © Barry Baker • Ranges only around the Galapagos Islands and off the coast of Ecuador and Peru • Long yellow bill with greenish tip • Brown plumage, white head with yellow/buff crown/nape • Prominent eyebrows (observable on dead birds?) • Juveniles similar to adults. No yellow head colouration, paler bill Similar species: Range overlaps with some Thalassarche species off the coast of Peru. Unlikely to be confused but distinguished by brown plumage on belly and breast and yellow head colouration. improve this guidepleaseemail:[email protected] We currently donothave adeadorbycaught photo of this species . If youof thisspecies.If cancontribute aphoto to SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 23

Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca FAO CODE: PHU ENDANGERED © R .Wanless & A. Angel © R .Wanless

Bill length: 101-117 mm Wing length: 49-54 cm Body length: 84-89 cm

• Black bill with yellow & A. Angel © R .Wanless stripe • With Light-mantled, only all-dark albatrosses in southern hemisphere • White eye crescent • Generally not found in Pacific Ocean • Juveniles similar to adults, lacking eye crescent & bill stripe Similar species: Distinguished from Light-mantled (p. 26) by dark back and yellow rather than pale blue bill stripe. Juveniles of the two species may be difficult to distinguish. Distinguished from giant petrels (p. 54) by dark, slender bill. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 25 26 PHOEBETRIA ALBATROSSES

Light-mantled Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata FAO CODE: PHE NEAR THREATENED © Roger Kirkwood

Bill length: 98-117 mm Wing length: 49-55 cm Body length: 78-90 cm • Black bill with pale blue bill stripe © Aleks Terauds • With Sooty, only all-dark albatrosses in southern hemisphere • Light grey back • White eye crescent • Juveniles similar to adults, lacking eye crescent & bill stripe Similar species: Distinguished from Sooty (p. 24) by lighter back and pale blue rather than yellow bill stripe. Also, Sooty generally not found in Pacific Ocean. Juveniles of the two species may be difficult to distinguish. Distinguished from giant petrels (p. 54) by dark, slender bill. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 27 28 ROYAL ALBATROSSES

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea sandfordi FAO CODE: DIQ ENDANGERED Bill length: 154-172 mm Wing length: 61-67 cm Body length: 115 cm

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora FAO CODE: DIP VULNERABLE Bill length: 166-190 mm Wing length: 65-72 cm Body length: 107-122 cm © Aleks Terauds • Pink bill with black cutting edge • White head, body, back and underwing • Juveniles/immature similar to adults, dark flecking on head and back • Can only be separated by white on upper wing of Southern. • Juveniles/immature of the two species may be indistinguishable Similar species: Distinguished from the wandering albatross (p. 32) by large bill (>154 mm) with dark cutting edge. Northern Royal Albatross Northern

Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis FAO CODE: DAM CRITICALLY ENDANGERED © Scott Shaffer

Bill length: 138-156 mm Wing length: 62-68 cm Body length: 100-110 cm • Dark cutting edge on pink bill • Darkest of the wanderers. Similar to juveniles of other wanderers • Very rare, range primarily restricted to Indian Ocean. Similar species: Easily confused with juveniles of other wanderers but distinguished by dark cutting edge to bill. Distinguished from Royal Albatrosses (p. 28) by shorter bill length. of this species . If youof thisspecies.If cancontribute aphoto to improve We currently donothave adeadorbycaught photo this guidepleaseemail:[email protected] SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 31

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans FAO CODE: DIX VULNERABLE © John Cooper

Bill length: 155-180 mm Wing length: 63-71 cm Body length: 110-135 cm • Pale pink bill with

yellowish tip Juvenile & A. Angel Wanless © R. • Largest and whitest of the wanderers • Juveniles chocolate brown with white face mask and underwing and

pink bill & A. Angel Wanless © R. Similar species: Distinguished from other wanderers by size and from Royal Albatrosses (p. 28) by lack of dark cutting edge to bill. Juveniles may be difficult to distinguish from other wanderers. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 33

Front

Back 34 WANDERING TYPE ALBATROSSES Antipodean Albatross (including ‘Gibson’s Albatross’) Diomedea antipodensis FAO CODE: DQS/DIW VULNERABLE © Tony Palliser © Tony

Bill length: 139-155 mm Wing length: 60-70 cm Body length: 110-115 cm • Pink bill with yellowish tip • Similar to other wanderers • Mostly white plumage with brown markings • Range primarily restricted to the Pacific Ocean and Tasman sea • Most common wanderer in New Zealand waters • Juveniles chocolate brown with white cheeks and underwing, pink bill Similar species: Easily confused with other wanderers. Distinguished from Wandering Albatross (p. 32) by size and from Royal Albatrosses (p. 28) by lack of dark cutting edge to bill. Juveniles may be difficult to distinguish from other wanderers. © Tony Palliser SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 35

Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena FAO CODE: DBN CRITICALLY ENDANGERED © John Cooper

Bill length: 144-150 mm Wing length: 60-65 cm Body length: 110 cm • Pink bill with yellowish tip • Similar to other wanderers • Mostly white plumage with brown markings • Range primarily restricted to the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean • Juveniles chocolate brown with white cheeks and underwing, and pink bill Similar species: Easily confused with other wanderers. Distinguished from Wandering Albatross (p. 32) by size and from Royal Albatrosses (p. 28) by lack of dark cutting edge to bill. Juveniles may be difficult to distinguish from other wanderers. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 37

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris FAO CODE: DIM NEAR THREATENED Bill length: 114-122 mm Wing length: 51-56 cm Body length: 80-95 cm © Aleks Terauds

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida FAO CODE: TQW ENDANGERED Bill length: 105-118 mm Wing length: 49-54 cm Body length: 80-95 cm

• Bright orange bill, © Aleks Terauds reddish tip • White head, white body, dark mantle and upper wings, dark eye patch • Juveniles similar to adults, pale grey head and neck, pale brown/grey bill with black tip, dark underwings (p. 52) • Adults only separated by pale iris in Campbell (also see distribution) • Juvenile Black-browed and Campbell indistinguishable Similar species: Distinguished from Chatham (p. 50) by white rather than grey head. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 39

Black-browed Albatross © Graham Robertson, AAD

Back Front

Campbell Albatross 40 THALASSARCHE ALBATROSSES

Atlantic yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos FAO CODE: DCR ENDANGERED Bill length: 107-122 mm Wing length: 48-52 cm Body length: 75 cm © R Wanless & A. Angel Wanless © R

Indian yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche carteri FAO CODE: THQ ENDANGERED Bill length: 111-124 mm Wing length: 46-50 cm Body length: 75 cm

• Mostly black bill, yellow upper ridge only • White head and body, dark eye patch, black upper wings and back © Ross Wanless • Adults - greyer head and yellow stripe on upper bill rounded at base of bill on Atlantic, vs. whiter head and yellow stripe pointed at base of bill on Indian - not always reliable (see also distribution) • Juveniles similar to adults, all black bill (see p. 52), indistinguishable between the two species Similar species: Distinguished from Grey-headed (p. 42) and Buller’s (p. 44) by yellow on bill upper ridge only. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 41

Atlantic yellow-nosed Albatross Indian yellow-nosed Albatross

Indian yellow-nosed Albatross

Front Back 42 THALASSARCHE ALBATROSSES

Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma FAO CODE: DIC ENDANGERED © Aleks Terauds

Bill length: 109-121 mm Wing length: 50-55 cm Body length: 70-85 cm • Mostly black bill with yellow upper and lower ridges • Yellow ridge tapers towards base of bill • Grey head with white eye patch • White body, dark upper wings and back • Juveniles similar to adults, greyer head, black bill (p. 53), dark grey underwing Similar species: May be confused with Buller’s (p. 44). Separated by lack of white cap, yellow upper ridge tapers rather than broadens at base of bill, yellow lower ridge does not extend to tip of bill (see also distribution). Distinguished from Yellow-nosed (p. 40) by yellow lower ridge. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 43

Front

Back 44 THALASSARCHE ALBATROSSES

Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri FAO CODE: DIB NEAR THREATENED © Tui de Roy Tui ©

Bill length: 113-129 mm Wing length: 47-55 cm Body length: 76-81 cm • Mostly black bill with yellow upper and lower ridges • Yellow ridge broadens at base of bill • Grey head with white cap and dark eye patch • White body, black upper wings and back • Juveniles similar to adults, grey bill with black tip (p. 52), white underwing Similar species: May be confused with Grey-headed (p. 42). Separated by white cap, yellow upper ridge broadens rather than tapers at base of bill, yellow lower ridge extends to tip of bill (see also distribution). Distinguished from Yellow- nosed albatross (p. 40) by yellow lower ridge on bill. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 45

Front

Back 46 THALASSARCHE ALBATROSSES

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi FAO CODE: TWD NEAR THREATENED Bill length: 126-141 mm Wing length: 56-63 cm Body length: 90 cm © Thompson David

Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta FAO CODE: DCU NEAR THREATENED Bill length: 122-138 mm Wing length: 53-59 cm Body length: 90-110 cm © Drew Lee © Drew

• Grey bill, yellow tip

• Often indistinguishable, Lee © Drew some Shys may have yellow at base of bill (see also distribution) • Pale grey head, white crown, dark eye patch • White body, black back and upper wings • Juveniles similar to adults, grey head, grey bill with black tip (p. 53) • Juvenile Shy and White-capped indistinguishable Similar species: Easily confused with Salvin’s (p. 48). Distinguished by lighter head, grey upper ridge on bill with no dark tip. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 47

White-capped Albatross Shy Albatross

Shy Albatross

Front Back 48 THALASSARCHE ALBATROSSES

Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini FAO CODE: DKS VULNERABLE © FRA

Bill length: 109-121 mm Wing length: 55-60 cm Body length: 90-100 cm • Grey bill, yellow upper ridge, black lower tip • Grey head, dark eye patch • White body, black upper wings and back • Juveniles similar to adults, grey bill with black tip (p. 53) Similar species: Easily confused with Shy/White-capped (p. 46). Distinguished by greyer head, dark lower bill tip. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 49

Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita FAO CODE: DER VULNERABLE © Tui de Roy Tui ©

Bill length: 113-130 mm Wing length: 53-59 cm Body length: 70-85 cm • Yellow bill, black lower tip • Dark grey head, dark eye patch • White body, black upper wings and back • Juveniles similar to adults, greyer, dark bill with black tip Similar species: Distinguished from Salvin’s (p. 48) by darker grey head. of this species . If youof thisspecies.If cancontribute aphoto to improve We currently donothave adeadorbycaught photo this guidepleaseemail:[email protected] SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 51

Black-browed Yellow-nosed T. melanophrys T. chlororhynchos and T. impavida and T. carteri pale grey head, pale brown/ white head, black bill, white grey bill with black tip, dark underwings with black edges underwings

Buller’s (T. bulleri) grey head with white cap, pale grey bill with black tip, white underwings with dark edges © Tony Palliser © Tony SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 53

Grey-headed Shy-type T. chrysostoma T. cauta, T. steadi, grey head, dark bill with black T. salvini tip, may have some yellow on pale grey head, grey bill upper and lower ridges, dark with dark tip, white underwings underwings with thin dark edges, ‘thumbprint’ at base of wing

Descriptions modified from Onley D and Scofield P . 2007. Albatrosses, petrels & shearwaters of the world. Princeton Field Guides . 54 PETRELS

Southern giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus FAO CODE: MAI LEAST CONCERN Bill length: 84-111 mm Wing length: 46-56 cm Body length: 87 cm

• Pinkish bill with pale green coloured tip Quintana © Flavio • Sooty black plumage becoming paler with age, up to 10% of population can be all white, usually with few black feathers

Northern giant Petrel Macronectes halli FAO CODE: MAH LEAST CONCERN Bill length: 85-111 mm Wing length: 48-57 cm Body length: 87 cm

• Pinkish bill with reddish

coloured tip Villiers © Marianne de • Sooty black plumage becoming paler with age • Juveniles may lack bill tip colour – may be difficult

to distinguish between Palliser © Tony Northern and Southern Similar species: Distinguished from Phoebetria spp. (p 24-27) by heavy, flesh-coloured bill”. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 55

Southern Giant Petrel (juvenile)

Southern Giant Petrel

Northern Giant Petrel 56 PETRELS

Bill length: 48-54 mm Wing length: 40-47 cm Body length: 55 cm

• Yellow bill, with variable amount of dark on tip • Black with white face markings • Atlantic Ocean only

We currently do not have a dead or bycaught photo of this species . If you can contribute a photo to improve this guide please email: [email protected] SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 57

Bill length: 48-55 mm Wing length: 42-47 cm Body length: 50-55 cm

• Yellow bill, no black tip • Entirely black, with white chin (although this feature is highly variable and may not be reliable) Similar species: Distinguished from Black and Westland petrels (p. 58) and Flesh-footed Shearwater (p. 68) by all yellow bill. 58 PETRELS

Black Petrel Procellaria parkinsoni FAO CODE: PRK VULNERABLE Bill length: 39-43 mm Wing length: 33-36 cm Body length: 46 cm © DOC, New Zealand

Westland Petrel Procellaria westlandica FAO CODE: PCW VULNERABLE Bill length: 46-53 mm Wing length: 37-40 cm Body length: 50-55 cm

• Large, all-black petrels © Barry Baker • Yellowish bill with black tip • Distinguished from each other by size - Westland larger than Black, longer billed Palliser © Tony Similar species: Distinguished from White-chinned Petrel (p. 57) by black bill tip and absence of white chin (although this feature is highly variable in White-chinned petrels and may not be reliable) SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 59

Black Petrel

Black Petrel Westland Petrel 60 PETRELS

Bill length: 44-50 mm Wing length: 29-35 cm Body length: 50 cm • Pale bill, yellow tip • Grey upper wings and back with darker tail and head • White underparts with grey tail and underwings © R. Wanless & A. Angel Wanless © R. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 61

Front Back 62 PETRELS

Bill length: 34-39 mm Wing length: 29-32 cm Body length: 41-45 cm • Black bill • Entirely dark plumage except for pale feathers around base of bill and throat Similar species: Distinguished from White-chinned Petrel (p. 57) by black bill of this species . If youof this species . If can contribute a photo to improve We currently donothave adeadorbycaught photo this guidepleaseemail:[email protected] SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

Bill length: 28-33 mm Wing length: 26-28 cm Body length: 35-40 cm • Black bill • Black head and neck • Black and white checkered upperparts and upper wing • White underparts and underwing © Tony Palliser © Tony SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 65

Front

Back 66 SHEARWATERS

Bill length: 29-35 mm Wing length: 26-29 cm Body length: 40-45 cm • Slender dark/ brown bill • Dark brown upper and lower parts • Paler underwing © H. Shirihai SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 67

Front 68 SHEARWATERS

Bill length: 39-44 mm Body length: 40-45 cm • Pink bill with black tip • Pink feet © Tony Palliser © Tony SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 69

Front 70 SHEARWATERS

Bill length: 42-50 mm Body length: 40-45 cm • Long, slender dark grey bill but may be pale with black tip • Entirely dark plumage but can be grey brown upperparts with dark head and tail, mainly white underparts and underwing with dusky undertail, dark wing margins and variable dark markings on inner wing of this species . If youof this species . If can contribute a photo to improve We currently donothave adeadorbycaught photo this guidepleaseemail:[email protected] SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 71

Bill length: 38-47 mm Wing length: 28-32 cm Body length: 44 cm • Dark brown/grey thin bill • Dark brown plumage with paler panel on underwing Similar species: Distinguished from Short-tailed Shearwater (p. 66) by longer bill SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 73

Front

Back 74 SHEARWATERS

Bill length: 43-50 mm Wing length: 30-35 cm Body length: 47 cm • Blackish bill • Dark brown cap, white collar, grey-brown upper parts • White crescent at base of tail © H. Shirihai • Underparts white except for dark brown patch on belly. • Underwings mostly white with dark margins and two dark bars on inner wing. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 75

Front

Back 76 SHEARWATERS

Bill length: 41-46 mm Wing length: 32-34 cm • Pinkish-yellow bill with dark tip • Grey-brown upper parts • Dark under tail and around feet • Mostly white underparts, with brown markings SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 77

We currently do not have a live at sea photo of this species . If you can contribute a photo to improve this guide please email: [email protected]

We currently do not have a dead or bycaught photo of this species . If you can contribute a photo to improve this guide please email: [email protected] 78 DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOLS

Photos At least three pictures should be taken:

1. Head BOARD OF DATE AND ID NUMBER

2. Whole body - back side

BOARD OF DATE AND ID NUMBER

3. Whole body - belly side

BOARD OF DATE AND ID NUMBER SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 79

Modified from Southern bluefin tuna Japanese observer manual 2012, National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka, Japan.

Show eye colour and bill base shape

Show wing, body and tail colour

Show upper edge and base of wing 80 DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOLS Examples of photos The whole body may be taken through a number of photos

Modified from Southern bluefin tuna Japanese observer manual 2012, National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka, Japan. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 81

Good examples showing eye and base of upper bill

Good example showing tail and upper edge of wing

Good example showing bill and upper edge and base of wing 82 DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOLS Feather samples for DNA analysis If possible, it is useful to pull out a few feathers for DNA identification of the species: 1. Pinch and pull 1 - 3 feathers at once until you get 5 - 6 feathers from either the back or the belly 2. Put the feathers in a plastic bag with a label (ID number etc.) 3. Store samples in a freezer (at least -20ºC)

Establishment of DNA sampling programmes Each RFMO/observer body will decide on their sampling programme. Once established, feathers and/or tissue should be submitted as specified by each programme. ACAP will maintain a register of organisations holding photos and/or tissue/feather samples, to assist researchers wishing to make use of this material. It would be appreciated if the custodians of these photos/samples could contact ACAP ([email protected]) and provide their details for inclusion in the register. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 83

Modified from Southern bluefin tuna Japanese observer manual 2012, National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka, Japan. Pick 5 - 6 feathers either on the back or the belly.

Back side

Belly side

DO NOT CUT FEATHERS - PULL Analysis is done using the base of the feather 84 LEG BANDS Leg Bands If you capture a bird with any leg bands, or read the plastic band of a bird behind the vessel, you can either report band numbers directly to the address given on the metal band, or to the national bird-banding scheme in your home country. Please supply the following information: • The entire metal band number, or plastic band colour and code (letters and/or numbers), or colour band combination (reported in order of left leg - top to bottom, then right leg - top to bottom) • Date of recovery or sighting • Position (latitude and longitude) • Whether the bird was seen or caught (by what type of fishing operation - e.g. pelagic longline - what target species) • If captured, whether it was dead or released injured or healthy • If captured, you can also take a photo clearly showing band number and attach to your letter/email

If the bird is dead, for metal bands, if possible: • take the band off; • straighten it to avoid puncturing the envelope; • stick it to some cardboard with sticky tape; • write the band number onto the cardboard and send the band to the address given or to the banding scheme in one of the countries listed here. If you supply your name and address or email, you will generally receive a letter of acknowledgement giving details of when, where, and by whom the bird was banded. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 85

Bands should never be removed from live birds. No financial reward is offered for returning bird bands.

Addresses of Major seabird banding schemes Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme (ABBBS) GPO Box 8, Canberra ACT 2601 AUSTRALIA Tel: + 61 2 6274 2407 Fax: +61 2 6274 2455 Email: [email protected] environment.gov.au/science/bird-and-bat-banding

National Banding Office PO Box 108, Wellington 6140 NEW ZEALAND Tel: +64 4 4713294 Email: [email protected] osnz.org.nz/nz-national-banding-scheme

Yamashina Institute for Ornithology Bird Migration Research Center ZIP Code 270-1145 JAPAN Tel :+81-4-7182-1107 Fax: +81-4-7182-4342 Email: [email protected] 86 LEG BANDS

Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle C.R.B.P.O. Case Postale 51 55 rue Buffon 75005 PARIS FRANCE Email: [email protected] crbpo.mnhn.fr/spip.php?rubrique4&lang=fr All albatrosses, giant petrels and Procellaria petrels with metal bands inscribed OIS MUSEUM PARIS, please contact: Henri Weimerskirch / Dominique Besson CNRS CEBC 79360 Villiers en Bois FRANCE Email: [email protected] [email protected]

South African Bird Ringing Unit (SAFRING) Animal Demography Unit University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 SOUTH AFRICA Tel: +21 650-2421 Fax: +21 650-3301 (Zoology) Email: [email protected] safring.adu.org.za SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 87

United Kingdom/Europe Including metal bands inscribed “NH Museum, London SW7”: British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) The Nunnery Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2 PU ENGLAND Tel: +44 1842 750050 Fax: +44 1842 750030 app.bto.org/euring/main/ Metal bands Email: [email protected] Colour bands Email: [email protected] OR find colour band project leaders directly: www.cr-birding.org/colourprojects

The North American Bird Banding Program Bird Banding Laboratory USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708-4037 USA Toll free tel: 1-800-327-2263 Email: [email protected] reportband.gov 88 References

ACAP. 2008. Albatross and petrel distribution within the IATTC ar ea. SAR-9-11b. 9th IATTC Stock Assessment Review Meeting. Australian Fisheries Management Authority. 2013. Seabird ID Guide for commercial fisheries in southern Australia. Common wealth of Australia. Canberra. 30 pp. Australian Government. 2006. Threat Abatement Plan for the inci dental catch (or bycatch) of seabirds during oceanic longline fishing operations. Annual Report to the Commission - Australia. 2011. WCPFC SC7 AR- CCM-01 Birdlife International. 2010. Albatross and petrel distribution in the Atlantic Ocean and overlap with ICCAT longline fishing effort. SBWG3 Doc 28. Brooke, M. 2004. Albatrosses and petrels across the world. Oxford University Press, New York. Brothers, N.P., Cooper, J., and Løkkeborg, S. 1999. The incidental catch of seabirds by longline fisheries: worldwide review and technical guidelines for mitigation. FAO Fisheries Circular. No. 937. Rome, FAO. 100pp. CCSBT Identification sheet of seabird species incidentally caught in SBT longline fisheries Chung. 2008. Overview of the interaction between seabird and Taiwanese longline fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. WCPFC SC4 EB-WP5. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Scientific Committee, Fourth Regular Session. 11-22 August 2008, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. De Roy , T. Jones, M. and Fitter, J. 2008. Albatross: their world, their ways. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 89

Filippi D., Waugh, S., and Nicol, S. 2010. Revised spatial risk indica tors for seabird interact tions with longline fisheries in the west ern and central Pacific. WCPFC-SC6 EB-IP-01. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Scientific Committee, Sixth Regular Session. 10—19 August 2010, Nukualofa, Tonga. Gilman E. 2006. Incidental capture of seabirds in pelagic longline fisheries of the tropical and subtropical Pacific Islands region. Draft Pacific Islands Regional Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Pelagic Longline Fisheries. Pa cific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency ICCAT bycatch species http://www.iccat.es/en/bycatchspp.htm Inoue, Y., Yokawa, K., Minami, H., Ochi, D., Sato, N., and Katsumata, N. 2011. Distribution of seabird bycatch at WCPFC and the neighboring area of the southern hemisphere (Rev. 1 - 05 Au gust 2011). WCPFC SC7 EB-WP-07. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Scientific Committee, Seventh Regular Session. 9 — 17 August 2011. Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. 2011. IOTC Seabird Identification Cards for fishing vessels operating in the Indian Ocean. IUCN Red list of threatened species 2013 Kiyota M and Minami H. 2000. Identification key to the southern albatrosses based on the bill morphology. Bull. Nat. Res. Inst. Far Seas Fish. 37: 9-17 Onley, D. & Bartle. 1999. Identification of seabirds of the Southern Ocean: a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels. Onley, D & Scofield, P. 2007. Albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters of the world. Christopher Helm and Princeton University Press, London and New Jersey. 90

National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries. 2012. Southern Bluefin tuna Japanese observer manual 2012. Shizuoka, Japan. Phillips, E.M., Nevins, H.M., Hatch, S.A., Ramey, A.M., Miller, M.A. & Harvey, J.T. 2010. Seabird bycatch in Alaska demersal longline fishery trials: a demographic summary. Marine Ornithology 38: 111–117. Shirihai , H. 2007. A complete guide to Antarctic wildlife. A & C Black and Princeton University Press, London and New Jersey. Simpson, K. and Day, N. 1995. Field guide to the birds of Australia. Viking O’Neill, Ringwood. 392 pp. Slater, P. 1970. A filed guide to Australian birds, non-passerines. Rigby Ltd, Adelaide. 428 pp. Watling, R . 2006. Interactions between seabirds and Pacific Islands’ fisheries, particularly the tuna fisheries. WCPFC SC2 EB IP-9. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Scientific Committee, Second Regular Session. 7 - 18 Aug 2006, Manila, Philippines. Waugh, S., Filippi, D., Walker, N. and Kirby ,D. 2008. Preliminary results of an ecological risk assessment for New Zealand fisher ies interactions with seabirds and marine mammals. WCPFC SC4 EB-WP2. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Scientific Committee, Fourth Regular Session. 11-22 August 2008, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. WCPFC Bycatch Mitigation Information System http:// bmis.wcpfc.int/species_list.php SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 91 Your Feedback

This guide is a work in progress. Further photos and the input of observers, fishermen and the coordinators of relevant observer programmes are welcome, e.g. 1. Are there any additional species which should be included in the guide? 2. Is the species identification information accurate? 3. Can the ID information be easily and accurately used by observers at sea? 4. Is there additional information that could assist identification? 5. Is the skin at the base of the bill a reliable characteristic for observers to distinguish between juvenile/immature Thalassarche? Please email your feedback to [email protected] 92 Hook Removal from Seabirds

Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels

Release Kit

Towel / Blanket Knife Net

Box / Bin Pliers / Gloves Bolt cutters

HOOK REMOVAL FROM SEABIRDS Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels

Release Kit

Towel / Blanket Knife Net Visit www.acap.aq Box / Bin Pliers / for more information Bolt cutters Gloves Bring bird aboard Restrain bird Hold the bird securely

If possible, slow or stop hauling and slow or stop vessel to release line tension. If practical, use a landing net to lift the bird on board, Carefully fold the wings into the bird’s body. otherwise retrieve the bird on the line as safely Wrap the bird in a towel/blanket (not too and quickly as possible. This guide is available as a tightly) and cover the eyes if possible. Make Restrain the bird securely between your legs sure the bird doesn’t come into contact with without squeezing. Hold the beak gently oil on deck. shut but do not cover the nostrils. If the bird vomits, loosen hold on bill so the bird does not suffocate. poster from Removing the hook www.acap.aq/en/

b. If the hook is swallowed and removal is possible a. If the hook is visible A second person can find the hook position externally by feeling Use pliers (or bolt cutters for large along the neck or internally by following the line to the hook. Gently resources/acap- force the tip of the hook so that it bulges under the skin of the bird hooks) to cut off the hook (or to flatten the barb). Pull the hook back (for large birds, this may be easier if you reach down the bird’s throat c. out of the bird. and hold the hook). Then, use a clean knife to make a small cut (<1cm) If hook removal is not possible externally down the neck to allow the hook to pass through the skin Either because removing the hook will and be removed. If no knife is available, and you can get a good grip cause further damage to the bird or the conservation-guidelines on the hook, push the tip of the hook though the skin and remove. hook is too deeply ingested, cut the line as Never try to extract the hook backwards. close to entry as possible and leave the hook in the bird. If the bird is exhausted or waterlogged Release the bird

wind

If possible, place in a ventilated box or bin in a quiet, dry, shaded place to recover for an hour or two. Otherwise, contain bird in a quiet dry area, away from oil. The bird is ready for release when the feathers are dry, bird is alert and able to stand. Small vessels: Slowly lower the bird onto January 2014 the water. The bird may remain on the Large vessels water for some time after release. (where birds cannot be lowered onto water): Lift and release the bird from the side of the vessel into the wind. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 93

1. Bring bird aboard If possible, slow or stop hauling and slow or stop vessel to release line tension. If practical, use a landing net to lift the bird on board, otherwise retrieve the bird on the line as safely and quickly as possible.

2. Restrain bird Carefully fold the wings into the bird’s body. Wrap the bird in a towel/blanket (not too tightly) and cover the eyes if possible. Make sure the bird doesn’t come into contact with oil on deck.

3. Hold the bird securely Restrain the bird securely between your legs without squeezing. Hold the beak gently shut but do not cover the nostrils. If the bird vomits, loosen hold on bill so the bird does not suffocate. 94

4. Removing the hook A. If the hook is visible Use pliers (or bolt cutters for large hooks) to cut off the hook (or to flatten the barb). Pull the hook back out of the bird.

B. If the hook is swallowed and removal is possible A second person can find the hook position externally by feeling along the neck or internally by following the line to the hook. Gently force the tip of the hook so that it bulges under the skin of the bird (for large birds, this may be easier if you reach down the bird’s throat and hold the hook). Then, use a clean knife to make a small cut (<1cm) externally down the neck to allow the hook to pass through the skin and be removed. If no knife is available, and you can get a good grip on the hook, push the tip of the hook though the skin and remove. Never try to extract the hook backwards.

C. If hook removal is not possible Either because removing the hook will cause further damage to the bird or the hook is too deeply ingested, cut the line as close to entry as possible and leave the hook in the bird. SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 95

5. If the bird is exhausted or waterlogged If possible, place in a ventilated box or bin in a quiet, dry, shaded place to recover for an hour or two. Otherwise, contain bird in a quiet dry area, away from oil. The bird is ready for release when the feathers are dry, bird is alert and able to stand.

6. Release the bird Small vessels: Slowly lower the bird onto the water. The bird may remain on the water for some time after release.

Large vessels (where birds cannot be lowered onto water): Lift and release the bird from the side of the vessel into the wind. 96 SPECIES LIST

Record your identified species, or the selection of possible species, using the FAO code from the list below.

Albatross species list Common name FAO code Scientific Name Page Diomedea Northern royal Albatross DIQ Diomedea sanfordi 28 Southern royal Albatross DIP Diomedea epomophora 28 unidentified royal albatross DIQ/DIP 28 Wandering Albatross DIX Diomedea exulans 32 Antipodean Albatross (and “Gibson’s Albatross”) DQS/DIW Diomedea antipodensis 34 Amsterdam Albatross DAM Diomedea amsterdamensis 30 Tristan Albatross DBN Diomedea dabbenena 36 unidentifiedDiomedea sp. - Diomedea sp. 28-37

Phoebetria Sooty Albatross PHU Phoebetria fusca 24 Light-mantled Albatross PHE Phoebetria palpebrata 26 unidentifiedPhoebetria sp. PHU/PHE Phoebetria sp. 24-27

Phoebastria Waved Albatross DPK Phoebastria irrorata 22 Black-footed Albatross DKN Phoebastria nigripes 14 Laysan Albatross DIZ Phoebastria immutabilis 18 Short-tailed Albatross DAQ Phoebastria albatrus 20 unidentified ‘Northern albatross’ - Phoebastria sp. 16-23

Thalassarche Atlantic yellow-nosed Albatross DCR Thalassarche chlororhynchos 40 Indian yellow-nosed Albatross THQ Thalassarche carteri 40 unidentified yellow-nosed albatross DCR/THQ Grey-headed Albatross DIC Thalassarche chrysostoma 42 Black-browed Albatross DIM Thalassarche melanophris 38 Campbell Albatross TQW Thalassarche impavida 38 Buller’s Albatross DIB Thalassarche bulleri 44 Shy Albatross DCU Thalassarche cauta 46 White-capped Albatross TWD Thalassarche steadi 46 SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 97

Where ID is uncertain and no FAO code is provided, record the scientific name or common name.

Phoebetria Sooty Albatross PHU Phoebetria fusca 24 Light-mantled Albatross PHE Phoebetria palpebrata 26 unidentifiedPhoebetria sp. PHU/PHE Phoebetria sp. 24-27

Chatham Albatross DER Thalassarche eremita 50 Salvin’s Albatross DKS Thalassarche salvini 48 unidentified Thalassarche sp. - Thalassarche sp. 38-53

ID uncertain unidentified albatross ALZ Diomedeidae 16-53

Petrel species list Common name FAO code Scientific Name Page Giant Petrels Southern giant Petrel MAI Macronectes giganteus 54 Northern giant Petrel MAH Macronectes halli 54 unidentified giant petrel MBX Macronectes sp. 54

Procellaria Spectacled Petrel PCN Procellaria conspicillata 56 White-chinned Petrel PRO Procellaria aequinoctialis 57 Black Petrel PRK Procellaria parkinsoni 58 Westland Petrel PCW Procellaria westlandica 58 Grey Petrel PCI Procellaria cinerea 60 unidentified ‘large petrel’ PTZ Procellaria sp. 56-61

Other Petrels Great-winged Petrel PDM Pterodroma macroptera 62 Cape Petrel DAC Daption capense 64

Shearwater species list Common name FAO code Scientific Name Page Flesh-footed Shearwater PFC Puffinus carnipes 68 Sooty Shearwater PFG Puffinus griseus 72 Wedge-tailed Shearwater PFZ Puffinus pacificus 70 Great Shearwater PUG Puffinus gravis 74 Short-tailed Shearwater PFT Puffinus tenuirostris 66 Pink-footed Shearwater PUC Puffinus creatopus 76 unidentified shearwater PQW Puffinus sp. 66-77

ID uncertain If can only identify as one of several PRK/PCW/PRO options: e.g. Black Petrel OR Westland Petrel OR White-chinned Petrel SEABIRD BYCATCH IDENTIFICATION GUIDE 99

Chatham Albatross DER Thalassarche eremita 50 Salvin’s Albatross DKS Thalassarche salvini 48 unidentified Thalassarche sp. - Thalassarche sp. 38-53

ID uncertain unidentified albatross ALZ Diomedeidae 16-53

Other Petrels Great-winged Petrel PDM Pterodroma macroptera 62 Cape Petrel DAC Daption capense 64

ID uncertain If can only identify as one of several PRK/PCW/PRO options: e.g. Black Petrel OR Westland Petrel OR White-chinned Petrel The ACAP Seabird Bycatch Identification Guide is primarily intended for use at sea by fisheries observers to assist in the identification of albatrosses and some commonly caught petrels and shearwaters killed in longline operations. Where possible, species identification is based on those characteristics that are most likely to be preserved in dead birds that may have been underwater for long periods of time. In most cases, these are primarily bill size and colour. Because dead birds may look quite different to live birds, where possible, the photos included in this guide are of dead birds. In some cases it will not be possible to identify a bird to a single species, but it should be possible in most cases to narrow the identification down to two or three possibilities. For species with a restricted range, distribution maps have been added to eliminate them from the possible options.

This Seabird Bycatch Identification Guide was produced by the Secretariat to the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) in collaboration with Japan’s National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries. The principal authors were Nadeena Beck, Yukiko Inoue and Hiroshi Minami. We gratefully acknowledge Richard Phillips, Ross Wanless, and Karen Baird for their helpful suggestions on the original draft and thank Hiroshi Hadoram, James Lloyd, Aleks Terauds, Ron LeValley, Barry Baker, Ross Wanless, Andrea Angel, Roger Kirkwood, Scott Shaffer, John Cooper, Tony Palliser, Graham Robertson, Brook Whylie, Tui de Roy, David Thompson, Drew Lee, Flavio Quintana, Marianne de Villiers, Ben Phalan, DOC New Zealand, Mike Double, and Peter Hodum for their photographs. All unattributed photographs of dead birds courtesy of National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka, Japan. ACAP Secretariat and National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries. 2015. Seabird Bycatch Identification Guide, updated August 2015. ACAP Secretariat, Hobart. Available from www.acap.aq. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/