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Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002-18

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Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002-18 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-165 https://doi.org/10.25923/78vk-v149 Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002–18 March 2021 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Technical Memorandum Series NMFS-NWFSC The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC series to issue scientific and technical publications that have received thorough internal scientific review and editing. Reviews are transparent collegial reviews, not anonymous peer reviews. Documents within this series represent sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s NOAA Technical Memorandum series continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Science Center, which subsequently was divided into the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The latter uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC series. NOAA Technical Memorandums NMFS-NWFSC are available from the NOAA Institutional Repository,https://repository.library.noaa.gov . Any mention throughout this document of trade names or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference this document as follows: Jannot, J. E., A. Wuest, T. P. Good, K. A. Somers, V. J. Tuttle, K. E. Richerson, R. S. Shama, and J. T. McVeigh. 2021. Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002–18. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-165. https://doi.org/10.25923/78vk-v149 Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002–18 Jason E. Jannot,1 Anna Wuest,1 Thomas P. Good,2 Kayleigh A. Somers,1 Vanessa J. Tuttle,1 Kate E. Richerson,1 Ryan S. Shama,1 and Jon T. McVeigh1 https://doi.org/10.25923/78vk-v149 March 2021 1Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112 2Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................................................iii List of Tables ...............................................................................................................................................................................iv List of Supplemental Tables .................................................................................................................................................vi Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................................................xii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. Seabirds in the California Current .............................................................................................................................. 1 Seabird Management ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 U.S. West Coast Fisheries Management ............................................................................................................................ 5 Fishery Descriptions......................................................................................................................................................... 6 NWFSC Fisheries Observation Science Program ..................................................................................................6 At-Sea Hake Observer Program (A-SHOP) ...................................................................................................... 7 ................................................................................ 7 Seabird WestMortality Coast ....................................................................................................................................................................... Groundfish Observer Program (WCGOP) 7 Observer Sampling for Seabirds .................................................................................................................................. 9 Observed Fishery Interactions ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Opportunistic takes .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Seabird Bycatch ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Total Fishing Mortality ...................................................................................................................................................12 Seabird Bycatch in Hook-and-Line Fisheries ........................................................................................................12 .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Limited entry sablefishdaily trip limits (LE DTL) ........................................................................................................20 .........................................................................................................................................20 Open access fixed gears ................................................................................................................20 CatchNearshore share .................................................................................................................................................................... hook-and-line fisheries 20 .............................................................................................................................................23 SeabirdPacific Bycatch halibut in fisheryTrawl Fisheries ..........................................................................................................................23 ...............................................................................................................................................24 At-sea hake fisheries ...................................................................................................................................28 Catch share trawl fisheries ...................................................................................................................................29 California halibut fisheries .......................................................................................30 Open access pink shrimp fisheries (WA, OR, CA) 32 i .................................................................................................................. California ridgeback prawn fishery ........................................................................................................................32 California sea cucumber fishery ..............................................................................................................32 Seabird SeabirdBycatch bycatch Mitigation in pot and gear Avoidance fisheries ..................................................................................................................32 Seabird Nonlethal Interactions and Sightings .............................................................................................................34 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Data Sources ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Maps ......................................................................................................................................................................................40 Statistical Software .......................................................................................................................................................... 41 Bycatch Estimation .......................................................................................................................................................... 41 ..................................................................................... 41 Fisheries with less than 100% observer ........................................................................................................coverage 41 Fisheries with ....................................................................................................................................................................
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