DOCSLIB.ORG

Discovery of a New Albatross Isted in the Theory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Discovery of a New Albatross Isted in the Theory 181 _NA_ru_~__ v_o_L_~ __ ,s_s_EYm __ M_B_ER __ I~--------------------NNfEW~S~AVN~O~V~IE~W~S~-----------------------------------~ that while the positive discrepancy had Ornithology disappeared, a small negative discrepancy of about 1.5 per cent remained. This dis­ crepancy could only be explained if 'very heavy intermediate bosons' of mass M ex­ Discovery of a new albatross isted in the theory. Then the radiative cor­ from P. Jouventin and J-P. Roux rections to {J decay not present in muon decay gave rise to a term A NEW species of albatross has been discovered on Amsterdam Island, situated -(3aln) ln(Mim ) (2) p in the southern Indian Ocean midway bet­ where m is the proton mass, which re­ ween South Africa and Australia, and moved the 1.5 per cent discrepancy for named Amsterdam Albatross, Diomedea M ~ el0112 ~ 90 GeV typical of electro­ amsterdamensis. weak theories. This result was for many Several 'great albatrosses', presumed to Qexu/ans years the only experimental evidence for belong to the species Diomedea exulans the existence of the mass scale associated (Wandering Albatross), had occasionally with the W and Z as Bailin and I have been reported on the island. However, dur­ pointed out9. Bailin concluded that only ing a recent study it was realized that the when experiments can be made sensitive to population differed from the Wandering effects of order a - 1 per cent can the Albatross in several ways (see the figure). standard model be verified; this in itself The weight of the adult is nearly 3 kg less demands a theory that can make definite than in D. exulans; the breeding plumage is D epomophora predictions to this accuracy. dark; the eyelid white instead of blue as in L. Baulieu (Ecole Normale Superieure) D. exulans; there is a decorative black then presented a paper which was a stripe on the beak, as in the Royal Alba­ technical tour de force: he proved the tross (D. epomophora), and a black patch renormalizability of the standard model on at the tip; and finally, the breeding cycle of one transparency. He then showed the im­ D. amsterdamensis starts 2 months later portant result that for the measurable than in populations of D. exulans. quantities (the so-called S-matrix elements) The family Diomedea has been thought in the theory to be gauge invariant, the to comprise 13 species. Ernst Mayr (per­ D amsterdamensis renormalization scheme used must define sonal communication) believes the albatros all its parameters on-shell. This property on Amsterdam Island is an allospecies in The three largest representatives of the family the standard model shares with QED where the superspecies D. exulans, that has Diomedea: the Wandering Albatross (D. exulans), the Royal Albatross (D. all S-matrix elements can be expressed in adapted to subtropical conditions. epomophora) and the new species (D. amster- terms of the fine structure constant and the The total population including non­ damensis). masses of the particles in the theory; it is breeding adults and immature birds has unlike the situation in quantum chromo­ been estimated at 30-50 individuals, and that the breeding site (400 ha) be made a dynamics (the present theory of strong Amsterdam Island is certainly its only conservation area. D interactions) in which all mass scales are ar­ breeding site. Such a tiny and slow­ P. Jouventin and J-P. Roux are at the Institut bitrary and renormalization is performed breeding bird population is very suscepti­ des Sciences de /'Evolution, USTL, Place off-shell. ble to disturbance, so we would propose Bataillon, 34060 Montpellier. This result led directly to the appropriate definition of the electroweak mixing angle wide range for the unknown Higgs mass obtained which is about double its actual 8\\/. Experimental papers take 8w to be the and the top-quark mass, there are strict value. Using the central value Mz = 95 mixing angle between the electromagnetic limits on M given Mw, regardless of the GeV of the UA1 report11 still gives a muon and weak neutral currents. This is a per­ value taken For sinew. The variation of Mz lifetime about 50 per cent too long. fectly proper definition but one that leads with Mw was almost linear in this mass The primary test then of the success of to difficulties in a renormalization scheme region and for a given Mw, Mz was deter­ the standard model quantitatively lies in since the weak current is normally defined mined with error of less than 0.5 GeV. the precise determination of the masses of at mass Mz while the electromagnetic cur­ Sirlin stressed that it is preferable to W and Z to better than 1 per cent to see rent is detmed at zero mass. A. Sirlin of eliminate ew altogether from this analysis, whether they are consistent with the muon New York University (who first especially as sinew is determined in ex­ lifetime using equation (4). If not, the calculated 10 a radiative correction to a periments where there are strong interac­ model can be patched up- another Higgs weak process back in 1956 and who has tion corrections which are hard to quan­ can be introduced for example- but advo­ been the leading advocate of the impor­ tify. He preferred to write down the direct cates of the view that the standard model tance of radiative corrections since unified relationship between Mw and Mz in the simply provides an effective theory rather electroweak theories were introduced) sug­ standard model. This is than the basic quantum field theory of gested with little dissent that Baulieu's on­ Mz = Mw I ( 1-(A I Mw)2)v' (4) elementary particles will be on stronger shell approach required the natural defini­ where A depends only on G(determined ground. D tion of ew in the standard model to be from the muon lifetime) and a. At tree level Norman Dombey is in the Division of Physics, A = 37.28 GeV, but including radiative University of Sussex, Fa/mer, Brighton BNI cos8w = Mw I Mz (3) correctionsA = 38.66GeV. 9RF. I. Se< Close, F. Na1Ure302, 148 (1873). using equation (1). The argument can also be reversed. 2. SccCiose,F.Nature303,280(1983) Salam was very keen that the workshop From the experimental measurements of 3 Dombcy, N. Nature282, 131 (1979). consider the question of the range of values 4. Salam, A. Nud. Phys. 18, 681 (1960). Mw and Mz, A and hence the muon 5. Glashow, S.l.. Nud. Phys. 22,579 (1%1). of Mw and Mz allowed in the standard lifetime can be calculated; so if the 6. Weinberg, S. Phys. Rev. Le{{. 19, 1264 (1967). model since he had just received a telex standard model is correct, this procedure 7. Cabibbo, N. Phys. Re.·. Lett. 10,531 (1%3). 8. Blin-Stoylc, R.J. & Freeman, J.M. Nud. Phys. AlSO, from CERN announcing the discovery of should be self-consistent. This is a very 369 (1970). the Z of mass around 97 Ge V. The question stringent requirement on the vector boson 9. Bailin, D. & Dombey, N. Nature 271, 20 (1978). 10. Behrends, R.E .. Finkd.stdn, R.J., & Sirlin, A. Phys. was answered by M. Consoli (Catania) and masses: for example, takingMw = 81 GeV Rev. 333, 866 ( 1956). Sirlin who showed that even allowing a and Mz = 97 GeV, a muon lifetime is II. Arnison eta/. CERN Rep. (June 1983). 0028·0836/83/370181-01 $01.00 © 1983 Macmillan Journals Ltd .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002-18
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-165 https://doi.org/10.25923/78vk-v149 Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002–18 March 2021 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Technical Memorandum Series NMFS-NWFSC The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC series to issue scientific and technical publications that have received thorough internal scientific review and editing. Reviews are transparent collegial reviews, not anonymous peer reviews. Documents within this series represent sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s NOAA Technical Memorandum series continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Science Center, which subsequently was divided into the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The latter uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC series. NOAA Technical Memorandums NMFS-NWFSC are available from the NOAA Institutional Repository,https://repository.library.noaa.gov . Any mention throughout this document of trade names or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference this document as follows: Jannot, J. E., A. Wuest, T. P. Good, K. A. Somers, V. J. Tuttle, K. E. Richerson, R. S. Shama, and J. T. McVeigh. 2021. Seabird Bycatch in U.S. West Coast Fisheries, 2002–18. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-165.
    [Show full text]
  • MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD Fregata Magnificens
    PALM BEACH DOLPHIN PROJECT FACT SHEET The Taras Oceanographic Foundation 5905 Stonewood Court - Jupiter, FL 33458 - (561-762-6473) [email protected] MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD Fregata magnificens CLASS: Aves ORDER: Suliformes FAMILY: Fregatidae GENUS: Fregata SPECIES: magnificens A long-winged, fork-tailed bird of tropical oceans, the Magnificent Frigatebird is an agile flier that snatches food off the surface of the ocean and steals food from other birds. It breeds mostly south of the United States, but wanders northward along the coasts during nonbreeding season. Physical Appearance: Frigate birds are the only seabirds where the male and female look strikingly different. All have pre- dominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked tails and long hooked bills. Females have white underbellies and males have a distinctive red throat pouch, which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females Their wings are long and pointed and can span up to 2.3 meters (7.5 ft), the largest wing area to body weight ratio of any bird. These birds are about 35-45 inches ((89 to 114 cm) in length, and weight between 35 and 67 oz (1000-1900 g). The bones of frigate birds are markedly pneumatic (filled with air), making them very light and contribute only 5% to total body weight. The pectoral girdle (shoulder joint) is strong as its bones are fused. Habitat: Frigate birds are found across all tropical oceans. Breeding habitats include mangrove cays on coral reefs, and decidu- ous trees and bushes on dry islands. Feeding range while breeding includes shallow water within lagoons, coral reefs, and deep ocean out of sight of land.
    [Show full text]
  • Plumage and Sexual Maturation in the Great Frigatebird Fregata Minor in the Galapagos Islands
    Valle et al.: The Great Frigatebird in the Galapagos Islands 51 PLUMAGE AND SEXUAL MATURATION IN THE GREAT FRIGATEBIRD FREGATA MINOR IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS CARLOS A. VALLE1, TJITTE DE VRIES2 & CECILIA HERNÁNDEZ2 1Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Campus Cumbayá, Jardines del Este y Avenida Interoceánica (Círculo de Cumbayá), PO Box 17–12–841, Quito, Ecuador ([email protected]) 2Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, PO Box 17–01–2184, Quito, Ecuador Received 6 September 2005, accepted 12 August 2006 SUMMARY VALLE, C.A., DE VRIES, T. & HERNÁNDEZ, C. 2006. Plumage and sexual maturation in the Great Frigatebird Fregata minor in the Galapagos Islands. Marine Ornithology 34: 51–59. The adaptive significance of distinctive immature plumages and protracted sexual and plumage maturation in birds remains controversial. This study aimed to establish the pattern of plumage maturation and the age at first breeding in the Great Frigatebird Fregata minor in the Galapagos Islands. We found that Great Frigatebirds attain full adult plumage at eight to nine years for females and 10 to 11 years for males and that they rarely attempted to breed before acquiring full adult plumage. The younger males succeeded only at attracting a mate, and males and females both bred at the age of nine years when their plumage was nearly completely adult. Although sexual maturity was reached as early as nine years, strong competition for nest-sites may further delay first reproduction. We discuss our findings in light of the several hypotheses for explaining delayed plumage maturation in birds, concluding that slow sexual and plumage maturation in the Great Frigatebird, and perhaps among all frigatebirds, may result from moult energetic constraints during the subadult stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Species Checklist
    Petrels & Shearwaters Darters Hawks & Allies (cont.) Common Diving-Petrel Darter Collared Sparrowhawk Bird Species List Southern Giant Petrel Cormorants Wedge-tailed Eagle Southern Fulmar Little Pied Cormorant Little Eagle Kangaroo Island, SA Cape Petrel Black-faced Cormorant Osprey Kerguelen Petrel Pied Cormorant Brown Falcon Emus Great-winged Petrel Little Black Cormorant Australian Hobby Mainland Emu White-headed Petrel Great Cormorant Black Falcon Megapodes Blue Petrel Pelicans Peregrine Falcon Wild Turkey Mottled Petrel Fiordland Pelican Nankeen Kestrel Australian Brush Turkey Northern Giant Petrel Little Pelican Cranes Game Birds South Georgia Diving Petrel Northern Rockhopper Pelican Brolga Stubble Quail Broad-billed Prion Australian Pelican Rails Brown Quail Salvin's Prion Herons & Allies Buff-banded Rail Indian Peafowl Antarctic Prion White-faced Heron Lewin's Rail Wildfowl Slender-billed Prion Little Egret Baillon's Crake Blue-billed Duck Fairy Prion Eastern Reef Heron Australian Spotted Crake Musk Duck White-chinned Petrel White-necked Heron Spotless Crake Freckled Duck Grey Petrel Great Egret Purple Swamp-hen Black Swan Flesh-footed Shearwater Cattle Egret Dusky Moorhen Cape Barren Goose Short-tailed Shearwater Nankeen Night Heron Black-tailed Native-hen Australian Shelduck Fluttering Shearwater Australasian Bittern Common Coot Maned Duck Sooty Shearwater Ibises & Spoonbills Buttonquail Pacific Black Duck Hutton's Shearwater Glossy Ibis Painted Buttonquail Australasian Shoveler Albatrosses Australian White Ibis Sandpipers
    [Show full text]
  • Wing and Primary Growth of the Wandering Albatross’
    The Condor 101:360-368 0 The Cooper Ornithological Society 1999 WING AND PRIMARY GROWTH OF THE WANDERING ALBATROSS’ S. D. BERROW, N. HUN, R. HUMPIDGE, A. W. A. MURRAY AND I? A. PRINCE British Antarctic Survey,Natural EnvironmentalResearch Council, High Cross,Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. We investigatedthe relationshipbetween body mass and the rate and pattern of feather growth of the four outermost primaries of Wandering Albatross (Diomeden enu- lam) chicks. Maximum growth rates were similar (4.5 mm day-‘) for all feathers and be- tween sexes, although primaries of males were significantly longer than those of females. There was a distinctive pattern to primary growth with pl0 grown last, reaching its asymp- tote just prior to fledging. Primaries growing did so at different maximum rates; thus p7 reached its asymptote at an earlier age than p8 or p9, but maximum growth rates were the same for all primaries. Maximum growth rates of p7 and p8 were significantly correlated with chick mass at the start of the period of primary growth, and chick mass also was correlated with age at fledging. The heavier the chick, the earlier it grew its primaries and the younger it fledged. Fledging periods for Wandering Albatross chicks may be constrained by the time required to grow a full set of primaries. We suggest that the observed pattern of feather growth is a mechanism to minimize potential wear of the outer primaries prior to fledging. Key words: Diomedea exulans, growth rates, primaries, Wandering Albatross, wing growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Demographic Processes and Foraging Ecology in Wandering Albatross—Conservation Implications
    Received: 11 October 2017 | Accepted: 21 December 2017 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12817 SYNTHESIS Linking demographic processes and foraging ecology in wandering albatross—Conservation implications Henri Weimerskirch Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS/Université de La Rochelle, Abstract Villiers-en-Bois, France 1. Population dynamics and foraging ecology are two fields of the population ecology Correspondence that are generally studied separately. Yet, foraging determines allocation processes Henri Weimerskirch and therefore demography. Studies on wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] over the past 50 years have contributed to better understand the links between population dynamics and foraging ecology. This article reviews how these two fac- Funding information Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor, ets of population ecology have been combined to better understand ecological Grant/Award Number: IPEV 109; FP7 Ideas: processes, but also have contributed fundamentally for the conservation of this European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC-2012-ADG_20120314 long-lived threatened species. 2. Wandering albatross research has combined a 50- year long- term study of marked Handling Editor: Sandra Bouwhuis individuals with two decades of tracking studies that have been initiated on this species, favoured by its large size and tameness. 3. At all stages of their life history, the body mass of individuals plays a central role in allocation processes, in particular in influencing adult and juvenile survival, deci- sions to recruit into the population or to invest into provisioning the offspring or into maintenance. 4. Strong age- related variations in demographic parameters are observed and are linked to age- related differences in foraging distribution and efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Check out Your Bird
    1. Check out your bird ➢ Where are the feet placed on the body? Measure L Range of values: 47% Hawaiian Petrel (Procellariidae) to Common Murre 74% (Alcidae) 1. Check out your bird ➢ Where are the feet placed on the body? Measure L Range of values: 42% Chicken (Phasianidae) to Western Greebe 100% (Podicipedidae) 1. Check out your bird ➢ What are the feet like ? Write a brief description and make a drawing ➢ What is the tarsus like ? Write a brief description of the cross-section shape (Note: use calipers to measure tarsus cross-section) Tarsus Ratio = Parallel to leg movement Perpendicular to leg movement Round (Wood 1993) Elliptical Tarsus Tarsus 1. Check out your bird Tarsus Ratio = Parallel to leg movement Perpendicular to leg movement Range of values: Values < 1.00 1.00 Black-winged Petrel 0.80 RFBO (Procellariidae) (Sulidae) to to BRBO Common Murre (Sulidae) 1.50 (Alcidae) 0.80 Tarso-metatarsus Section Ratio (Wood 1993) Major and minor axes (a and b) of one tarsus per bird measured with vernier calipers at mid- point between ankle and knee. Cross-section ratio (a / b) reflects the extent to which tarsus is laterally compressed. Leg Position vs Tarsus Ratio 80 COMU 70 BRBO 60 Leg Position SOTEBOPE 50 RFBOBWPE GWGU (% Body Length)(% Body HAPE 40 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Tarsus Ratio 2. Make Bird Measurements ➢ Weight (to the closest gram): ➢ Lay out bird on its back and stretch the wings out. 2. Make Wing Measurements Wing Span = Wing Chord = Wing Aspect Ratio = Wing Loading = 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Ocean Wanderers: the Global Distribution of Albatrosses and Petrels
    TRACKINGTRACKING OCEANOCEAN WANDERERSWANDERERS TheThe globalglobal distributiondistribution ofof albatrossesalbatrosses andand petrelspetrels Results from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop, 1–5 September, 2003, Gordon’s Bay, South Africa What is BirdLife International? BirdLife International is a Partnership of non-governmental conservation organisations with a special focus on birds. The BirdLife Partnership works together on shared priorities, policies and programmes of conservation action, exchanging skills, achievements and information, and so growing in ability, authority and influence. What is the purpose of BirdLife International? – Mission Statement The BirdLife International Partnership strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources. Where is BirdLife International heading? – Vision Statement Birds are beautiful, inspirational and international. Birds are excellent flagships and vital environmental indicators. By focusing on birds, and the sites and habitats on which they depend, the BirdLife International Partnership is working to improve the quality of life for birds, for other wildlife (biodiversity) and for people. Aims Birdlife’s long-term aims are to: • Prevent the extinction of any bird species • Maintain and where possible improve the conservation status of all bird species • Conserve and where appropriate improve and enlarge sites and habitats important for birds • Help, through birds, to conserve biodiversity and to improve the quality of people’s lives • Integrate bird conservation into sustaining people’s livelihoods. Guiding principles BirdLife International works with all like-minded organisations, national and local governments, decision-makers, land-owners and managers, in pursuing bird and biodiversity conservation. The global work of the BirdLife Partnership is funded entirely by voluntary donations.
    [Show full text]
  • Addo Elephant Birds
    BIRDS OF THE ADDO ELEPHANT NATIONAL PARK An Addo Bird Checklist is a complex list as the park is made up of many sections of differing habitat. Be aware that a species on the cummulative list may be recorded from only one section, or may be cosmopolitan across several sections: Key to Status indicators : R = Resident; S = present in summer; W = present in winter; A = non-breeding visitor recorded throughout the year; V = Vagrant; ? - Uncertain status; c = common; u = uncommon; r = rare; l = localised English (Roberts 7) English (Roberts 6) Rob # Global Names Old SA Names Addo Elephant Combined Elephant Addo Gameand Main Camp Area - Section Inland Colchester - Section Coastal Colchester Waters and Islands Coastal Woody Cape Forest Alexandria Section Nyathi Zuurberg Section Section Kabouga Section Darlington Area Contractual Kuzuko 1Common Ostrich Ostrich 1Rc Rc RcRcRc 2King Penguin King Penguin 1 V 2.1Gentoo Penguin (925) Gentoo Penguin 1 V V V 3African Penguin Jackass Penguin 1 V Rc V 5Macaroni Penguin Macaroni Penguin 1 V V V 7 Black-necked Grebe Blacknecked Grebe 1 V V 8Little Grebe Dabchick 1 Rc V RcRc RcRcRcRcRc 10 Wandering Albatross Wandering Albatross 1 Au 11Shy Albatross Shy Albatross 1 Au 12 Black-Browed Albatross Blackbrowed Albatross 1 Ac 13 Grey-Headed Albatross Greyheaded Albatross 1 V 14 Atlantic Yellow-Nosed Albatross Yellownosed Albatross 1 Au 14.1 Indian Yellow-Nosed Albatross 1 Ac 15 Sooty Albatross Darkmantled Sooty Albatross 1 V 16 Light-mantled Albatross Lightmantled Sooty Albatross 1 V 17 Southern Giant-Petrel Southern
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Albatross and Petrel Distribution Within the CCAMLR Convention Area: Results from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Database
    CCAMLR Science, Vol. 13 (2006): 143–174 ANALYSIS OF ALBATROSS AND PETREL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE CCAMLR CONVENTION AREA: RESULTS FROM THE GLOBAL PROCELLARIIFORM TRACKING DATABASE BirdLife International (prepared by C. Small and F. Taylor) Wellbrook Court, Girton Road Cambridge CB3 0NA United Kingdom Correspondence address: BirdLife Global Seabird Programme c/o Royal Society for the Protection of Birds The Lodge, Sandy Bedfordshire SG19 2DL United Kingdom Email – [email protected] Abstract CCAMLR has implemented successful measures to reduce the incidental mortality of seabirds in most of the fisheries within its jurisdiction, and has done so through area- specific risk assessments linked to mandatory use of measures to reduce or eliminate incidental mortality, as well as through measures aimed at reducing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. This paper presents an analysis of the distribution of albatrosses and petrels in the CCAMLR Convention Area to inform the CCAMLR risk- assessment process. Albatross and petrel distribution is analysed in terms of its division into FAO areas, subareas, divisions and subdivisions, based on remote-tracking data contributed to the Global Procellariiform Tracking Database by multiple data holders. The results highlight the importance of the Convention Area, particularly for breeding populations of wandering, grey-headed, light-mantled, black-browed and sooty albatross, and populations of northern and southern giant petrel, white-chinned petrel and short- tailed shearwater. Overall, the subareas with the highest proportion of albatross and petrel breeding distribution were Subareas 48.3 and 58.6, adjacent to the southwest Atlantic Ocean and southwest Indian Ocean, but albatross and petrel breeding ranges extend across the majority of the Convention Area.
    [Show full text]
  • How Big Are Your Wings (PDF)
    How Big Are Your Wings? 10/03/2006 12:26 PM Return to Activities Home Page HOW BIG ARE YOUR WINGS? Appropriate grade level: 4-6 Subjects: Science, Art Time required: 1-2 class periods Hawai’i Performance Standards: 1. Identify similarities and differences of organisms. 2. Describe differences in physical and behavioral traits that contribute to the survival of a particular living thing. 3. Describe motion in reference to space and time. Materials: Background information, roll of butcher paper, paints of various colors (white, black, gray, red, blue, pink, brown, tan, yellow), scissors, tape, measuring tape (centimeters), pencils Procedure: 1. Print a copy of bird wing anatomy from the website. Photocopy and pass out to students or make a poster size copy of the information to show the class. 2. Discuss different parts of a bird wing and compare it to our own arms. Differences include hollow/dense bone structure, feathers/skin, weight, the necessity for gathering food, metabolism, and heart rate. 3. Discussion ideas: Define adaptation. Questions to ask might include: Why don’t we fly and seabirds do? Do we need to fly to get our food? Why did birds develop this adaptation and we didn’t? 4. Art activity: Compare your own "wings" to the wings of the Laysan albatross and other seabirds. Print a copy of the silhouettes of various seabirds from the website. Using measuring tape, tape, butcher paper, pencils, and imagination, have students draw the silhouette of a Laysan albatross, wandering albatross, and great frigatebird. Students can draw the albatross "eyeshadow" and other markings of the birds with paints or other materials using the pictures and descriptions in this activity.
    [Show full text]