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Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid Universiteit Gent Matthias Desmet

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Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid Universiteit Gent Matthias Desmet Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid Universiteit Gent Academiejaar 2013-2014 DE RECHTSICONOLOGIE VAN DE GENTSE SCHEPENEN, IN HET BIJZONDER THEODOOR ROMBOUTS' "ALLEGORIE VAN HET SCHEPENGERECHT VAN GEDELE IN GENT" Masterproef van de opleiding ‘Master in de rechten’ Ingediend door Matthias Desmet (studentennr. 00903182) Promotor: Georges Martyn Commissaris: Stefan Huygebaert Inhoud 1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Plaats van De Allegorie van het Schepengerecht van Gedele in Gent in Rombouts’ leven en stijlontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Het Schepengerecht van Gedele ten tijde van Rombouts .................................................................. 5 3.1 Het onstaan van Gedele ................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Een divers gamma aan bevoegdheden ......................................................................................... 6 3.3 Tanende macht .............................................................................................................................. 8 3.4 Ambten die het Schepengerecht van Gedele bijstonden in hun taak........................................... 9 3.5 Een kale nieuwbouw verfraaid .................................................................................................... 10 4. Inspiratiebronnen .............................................................................................................................. 11 4.1 Andreas Alciatus .......................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Piero Valeriano Bolzani................................................................................................................ 12 4.3 Roemer Visscher .......................................................................................................................... 12 4.4 Cesare Ripa .................................................................................................................................. 12 5. Een barmhartige moederfiguur ......................................................................................................... 13 5.1 De Maagd van Gent ..................................................................................................................... 13 5.2 Dame Justitia van haar attributen beroofd ................................................................................. 14 5.3 Een mantel van geborgenheid .................................................................................................... 16 6. Drie van de vier kardinale deugden................................................................................................... 17 6.1 De kardinale deugden ................................................................................................................. 17 6.2 Sporen van Plato en Aristoteles .................................................................................................. 18 6.3 Temperantia ................................................................................................................................ 20 6.4 Prudentia ..................................................................................................................................... 22 6.5 Fortitudo ...................................................................................................................................... 23 7. De iconografische betekenis van de schepenen van Gedele ............................................................ 25 7.1 Veel raadsels weinig, weinig oplossingen ................................................................................... 25 7.2 “Goddelijk” licht .......................................................................................................................... 26 7.3 Boek ............................................................................................................................................. 27 7.4 Blinddoek ..................................................................................................................................... 27 7.5 Zwaard ......................................................................................................................................... 29 7.6 Palmtak ........................................................................................................................................ 29 7.7 Weegschaal ................................................................................................................................. 29 7.8 Zwijggebaar ................................................................................................................................. 30 7.9 Verborgen handen ....................................................................................................................... 31 7.10 Zittende schepenen ................................................................................................................... 32 7.11 Niet toevallig met acht .............................................................................................................. 32 7.12 Verschillende leeftijden ............................................................................................................. 34 8. Een groep exotische personen (en een vreemde eend in de bijt?) .................................................. 35 9. Rivieren, een bron van welvaart ....................................................................................................... 38 10. Drie honden, vele mogelijke verklaringen ....................................................................................... 39 11. Een groepje soldaten ....................................................................................................................... 42 12. Tegen de achtergrond van de roemruchte oudheid ....................................................................... 44 13. Blijde Intredes .................................................................................................................................. 46 13.1 Gentse Blijde Intrede ................................................................................................................. 46 13.2 De Antwerpse Blijde Intrede ..................................................................................................... 51 13.3 Opvallende parallel .................................................................................................................... 52 14. Plaats binnen de kunstgeschiedenis................................................................................................ 52 15. Opvallende navolging ...................................................................................................................... 56 15.1 “De rechtvaardige rechtspraak van de schepenen van Ghedeele te Gent” door Gillis Le Plat. 56 15.2 “De Allegorie op de Gentse rechtspraak” door Jan van Cleef ................................................... 58 16. Kunst in het Schepengerecht vóór Rombouts’ allegorie ................................................................. 60 16.1 Een verloren gerechtigheidscyclus? .......................................................................................... 60 16.2 De wraak van Tomyris ............................................................................................................... 60 16.3 Jaël en Sisera ............................................................................................................................. 66 16.4 Judith en Holofernes ................................................................................................................. 67 16.5 Deugdzame vrouwen................................................................................................................. 68 16.6 Maagd en schepenen ................................................................................................................ 72 16.7 Een ingewikkelde toeschrijvingskwestie ................................................................................... 73 16.8 Een mooie hypothese aan het wankelen gebracht ................................................................... 77 17. Algemeen besluit: drie eeuwen wisselwerking tussen beeld en recht voor één orgaan ................ 80 Bibliografie ............................................................................................................................................ 83 Bijlagen .................................................................................................................................................. 94 1. Inleiding 1- Van verkiezingsposters over docusoaps tot allerlei talkshows… de methodes waarop vandaag de dag zowel de bestuurlijke als de rechterlijke macht zich tracht te legitimeren en te presenteren, zijn zeer talrijk. Dat was vroeger niet anders. In tijden waarin er van telecommunicatie nog geen sprake was, waren beelden des te belangrijker. Het beeldrepertorium dat hierbij ontwikkeld werd, is erg rijk en divers. De betekenis van veel van deze beelden is in de loop der eeuwen vervaagd of onduidelijk geworden. Opnieuw inzicht verwerven in deze beeldtaal kan ons heel wat bijbrengen
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