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A History of the Burma Socialist Party (1930-1964)
University of Wollongong Theses Collection University of Wollongong Theses Collection University of Wollongong Year A history of the Burma Socialist Party (1930-1964) Kyaw Zaw Win University of Wollongong Win, Kyaw Zaw, A history of the Burma Socialist Party (1930-1964), PhD thesis, School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/106 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/106 A HISTORY OF THE BURMA SOCIALIST PARTY (1930-1964) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy From University of Wollongong By Kyaw Zaw Win (BA (Q), BA (Hons), MA) School of History and Politics, Faculty of Arts July 2008 Certification I, Kyaw Zaw Win, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of History and Politics, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Kyaw Zaw Win______________________ Kyaw Zaw Win 1 July 2008 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations and Glossary of Key Burmese Terms i-iii Acknowledgements iv-ix Abstract x Introduction xi-xxxiii Literature on the Subject Methodology Summary of Chapters Chapter One: The Emergence of the Burmese Nationalist Struggle (1900-1939) 01-35 1. Burmese Society under the Colonial System (1870-1939) 2. Patriotism, Nationalism and Socialism 3. Thakin Mya as National Leader 4. The Class Background of Burma’s Socialist Leadership 5. -
Aung San Suu Kyi a Leader Born, a Leader Made
Asia: Biographies and Personal Stories, Part I Aung San Suu Kyi A Leader Born, a Leader Made By Paige Tan yanmar’s Aung San Suu Kyi is today feted around the world. Why is she so celebrated? Before 2010, she spent fifteen of the pre- vious twenty-one years under house arrest, jailed by the country’s Mmilitary rulers. In 1989, she faced down the guns of the regime’s soldiers. In 1990, her party triumphed in elections rigged against it, only to be de- prived of the chance to take power when the election results were ignored. In 1991, Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, something she says she heard about only on the radio in her lonely lakeside detention in the capital, Yangon. A follower of Mahatma Gandhi, Aung San Suu Kyi praises democracy, human rights, rule of law, and nonviolent struggle. She indigenizes these concepts with a particularly Buddhist slant (Burmese are 89 percent Bud- dhist). Though Buddhism views suffering as unavoidable, she hopes to “al- leviate it as far as possible in practical, earthly ways.”1 In a 1989 writing, “In Quest for Democracy,” she analyzes a traditional set of aphorisms on the duties of kings and shows how many of them were supportive of democ- racy, which she links to “accountability, respect for public opinion, and supremacy of just laws.”2 Aung San Suu Kyi inspires many. During Myanmar’s long years of military rule, she asked those outside Myanmar to use their political free- doms to deprive the country’s military leaders of the foreign exchange that helped keep their regime afloat. -
The Influence of Burmese Buddhist Understandings of Suffering on the Subjective Experience and Social Perceptions of Schizophrenia
THE INFLUENCE OF BURMESE BUDDHIST UNDERSTANDINGS OF SUFFERING ON THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE AND SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA by SARAH ELIZABETH ADLER Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Melvyn C. Goldstein Department of Anthropology CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January 2008 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of ______________________________________________________ candidate for the ________________________________degree *. (signed)_______________________________________________ (chair of the committee) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (date) _______________________ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables v Acknowledgements vi Abstract vii I. Introduction 1 A. Models and Meaning of Therapeutic Efficacy 2 B. The Role of Religion in Addressing Health Concerns 6 C. Suffering: Connecting Religion and Illness Experience 10 D. The Definition and Cultural Construction of Suffering 13 E. Religion and Suffering in the Context of Schizophrenia 18 F. Buddhism, Suffering, and Healing 22 G. Summary of Objectives and Outline of the Dissertation 28 II. Research Design and Methods 30 A. Development of Topic and Perspective 30 B. Research Site 33 1. Country Profile 33 2. Yangon Mental Health Hospital 37 3. Outpatient Clinics 45 4. Community 48 C. Research Participants 49 1. Patient subset (n=40; 20 inpatients, 20 outpatients) 52 2. Family member subset (n=20) 56 3. Healer subset (n=40) 57 4. Survey respondents (n=142) 59 D. Interpretation and Analysis 60 1. Data Collection 60 a. Structured Interviews 62 b. Semi-Structured Interviews 66 c. -
Encounters with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
8 Encounters with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi During the early 2000s, there were opportunities to have substantive contact with the best-known and most impressive politician in Myanmar, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, whose party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), had won an overwhelming majority of the seats in the only recent elections in 1990, and who had never been charged with any offence under the law, but was regularly placed under house arrest. Usually, neither she nor the NLD were able to carry out normal political activities of any kind, even though the NLD was legally registered as a political party and had not been banned by the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). For its part, the military regime (especially its leader from 1994–2011, Senior General Than Shwe) pursued policies towards Aung San Suu Kyi and the NLD that were often contradictory and which swung dramatically from tightening restrictions against her in September 2000 to engaging in (secret) talks in January 2001, before releasing her completely in May 2002. Suu Kyi’s party, the NLD, was basically a coalition of left-leaning groups and military leaders who had fallen out with the mainstream of the army. It was formed to compete in the 1990 elections, and was still an officially registered party until 2010, when it split over whether to contest the 2010 elections. Even as a legal political party, the NLD was under constant pressure from the authorities, who constantly monitored NLD members’ movements and activities, 97 EYEWITNESS TO EARLY REFORM IN MYANMAR subjected members to various forms of low-level harassment, and actively sought to pressure them to leave the party. -
Analyzing the Struggles of Aung San Suu Kyi by Tehreem Saifey A
Saifey - 1 A Framework for Leadership: Analyzing the Struggles of Aung San Suu Kyi By Tehreem Saifey A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of The Graduate School of Political Management of The George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Professional Studies November 11, 2011 Thesis Directed by Dr. David Ettinger and Dr. Dennis W. Johnson Saifey - 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1 – Introduction 3 Chapter 2 – A Theoretical Framework 24 Chapter 3 – A Case Study of Aung San Suu Kyi 53 Chapter 4 – Conclusion and Suggestions for Future Study 87 Appendix – Tables and figures 102 Bibliography 105 1 Saifey - 3 CHAPTER 1 Introduction The story of Burma and Aung San Suu Kyi is no less than an epic. Like the novel Anna and the King of Siam, it would not be far-fetched to call this one Suu and the King(s) of Burma. Burma and Aung San Suu Kyi are, figuratively speaking, two yet one; Burma will never be viewed the same as a result of its relation to this one woman. They are inseparable. Both are striving for the same cause: their vision of freedom for Burma. Aung San Suu Kyi has sacrificed her life and freedom for Burma’s sovereignty and future. It would be unfair to call her anything less than a political prophet of Burma. It is amazing to see how her spiritual connection to Buddhism has helped her rise to the pinnacle of political activism, marrying politics and her spiritual convictions together, making her the most influential figure on the political spectrum of Burma. -
Myanmar's Resistance Icon Is Off to a Rocky Start
DEMOCRACY IN MYANMAR Myanmar’s resistance icon is off to a rocky start as she embraces a new role as party boss in a fragile democracy. Suu Kyi’s precarious pivot BY ANDREW R.C. MARSHALL NAYPYITAW, OCTOBER 5, 2012 CAREER SHIFT: Nobel peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi was a living symbol of resistance to military dictatorship during her years of house arrest. REUTERS/SOE ZEYA TUN SPECIAL REPORT 1 DEMOCRACY IN MYANMAR Suu Kyi’S PRECARIOUS PIVOT obel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi is making a career Nchange, from icon of liberty op- posing Myanmar’s junta to party boss in a fragile new quasi-democracy. The transition hasn’t been easy. At a talk in London in June, a student from the Kachin ethnic minority asked why Suu Kyi (a majority Burman) seemed reluctant to condemn a bloody government military offensive against Kachin rebels. The conflict has displaced some 75,000 people. Suu Kyi’s answer was studiously neutral: “We want to know what’s happening more clearly before we condemn one party or the other.” The Kachin community was livid. The Kachinland News website called her reply an “insult.” Kachin protesters gathered outside her next London event. An “open letter” from 23 Kachin groups worldwide said Suu Kyi was “condoning state-sanctioned violence.” That a woman so widely revered should ROCK STAR: Suu Kyi autographing the blouse of a student in the new parliament building in the arouse such hostility might have seemed capital Naypyitaw. Fans flock her almost wherever she goes. REUTERS/SOE SEYA TUN unthinkable back in April. -
Plagiat Merupakan Tindakan Tidak Terpuji Plagiat
PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI AUNG SAN SUU KYI’S VIEWS OF DEMOCRACY AS REFLECTED IN HER POEMS A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Devita Student Number: 111214113 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI AUNG SAN SUU KYI’S VIEWS OF DEMOCRACY AS REFLECTED IN HER POEMS A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Devita Student Number: 111214113 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI he best way to make your dreams come true is to wake up. -Paul Valery- T I dedicate this thesis to all people who are struggling to make their dreams come true. iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ABSTRACT Devita. (2016). Aung San Suu Kyi’s views of democracy as reflected in her poems. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers and Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. -
Eyewitness to Early Reform in Myanmar
Eyewitness to Early Reform in Myanmar Eyewitness to Early Reform in Myanmar TREVOR WILSON ASIAN STUDIES SERIES MONOGRAPH 7 Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Wilson, Trevor, author. Title: Eyewitness to early reform in Myanmar / Trevor Wilson. ISBN: 9781925022988 (paperback) 9781925022995 (ebook) Series: Asian studies series monograph. Subjects: Democratization--Burma. Government, Resistance to--Burma. Burma--Politics and government--1988- Dewey Number: 320.9591 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Golden Rock Kyaiktiyo at Dawn by David Wansbrough. This edition © 2016 ANU Press Contents Preface . vii Acknowledgements . ix List of Acronyms and Abbreviations . xi 1 . Introduction . 1 2 . The Historical Contexts . 9 3 . Australian Ambassador to Myanmar . 23 4 . Working Under Military Authoritarian Rule . 33 5 . Myanmar in 2000: Ready Or Not For Change? . 57 6 . Engagement Versus Disengagement . 69 7 . Australia’s ‘Limited Engagement’ Initiatives . .. 83 8 . Encounters with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi . 97 9 . Bilateral Sanctions and Successful Alternative Approaches . 115 10 . Early Australian Public Diplomacy Possible in Myanmar . 129 11 . Reflections on Coming to Terms with Myanmar: Personally and as Convener, ANU Burma/Myanmar Update 2004–13 . 145 Bibliography . 153 Map of Myanmar/Burma Source: The Australian National University CartoGIS Preface The period between 1999 and 2003 proved to be quite an interesting period in modern Myanmar history, because it provided unusual insights into the political and other forces that propelled Myanmar on its pathway towards a transition to democracy. -
Crackdown RIGHTS Repression of the 2007 Popular Protests in Burma WATCH December 2007 Volume 19, No
Burma HUMAN Crackdown RIGHTS Repression of the 2007 Popular Protests in Burma WATCH December 2007 Volume 19, No. 18(C) Crackdown Repression of the 2007 Popular Protests in Burma Map of Burma........................................................................................................... 1 Map of Rangoon.......................................................................................................2 Map of Downtown Rangoon......................................................................................3 I. Summary...............................................................................................................5 II. Crackdown After Crackdown: 45 Years of Military Rule ....................................... 15 Burma’s Economy: Poverty and Price Rises Spark Protests ................................ 21 III. Price Hikes, Peaceful Protests, and the Initial Reaction of the Authorities.........23 IV. The Monks Join the Protests............................................................................. 28 “Overturning of the Bowls”: The Monks’ Decision to Boycott the SPDC .............. 31 The Monks March in Rangoon ...........................................................................33 September 17 ..............................................................................................33 September 18..............................................................................................33 September 19 ..............................................................................................36 -
Aung San Suu Kyi Ein Leben Für Die Freiheit
Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Andreas Lorenz Aung San Suu Kyi Ein Leben für die Freiheit 336 Seiten mit 22 Abbildungen und 1 Karte. Gebunden ISBN: 978-3-406-67509-6 Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier: http://www.chbeck.de/14291896 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Vorwort Vorwort Das erste Mal sah ich sie persönlich im Mai 1996 bei einer ihrer Zaun- reden in der University Avenue 54, das letzte Mal im Juni 2014 in der Kantine des Parlaments in der neuen Hauptstadt Naypyidaw. Sie saß an einem Tisch mit Abgeordneten der ethnischen Minderheiten. Als ich sie fotografi eren wollte, stellte sich ein Parlamentsbeamter in den Weg: «No photos.» Aung San Suu Kyi hatte die Szene beobachtet, schüttelte fast unmerklich den Kopf und lächelte. Aber auch sie selbst schottet sich ab, lässt sich nur selten intervie- wen, auch schriftliche Fragen hat sie für dieses Buch nicht beantwor- tet. Sie ist bekannt dafür, dass sie ihre Privatsphäre streng abschirmt. «Zu viel zu tun, zu wenig Zeit», schrieb sie in einer E-Mail. Wie also eine Biografi e über eine Person schreiben, von der fast jeder Mensch auf dieser Welt schon einmal etwas gehört hat, die in jüngerer Zeit aber nur wenig von sich preisgibt? Ich habe deshalb versucht, so viele Quellen wie möglich zusammen- zutragen und viele Zeitzeugen und Wegbegleiter Aung San Suu Kyis zu befragen. Auch bei öffentlichen Auftritten habe ich sie oft beobachtet. Um Aung San Suu Kyi kennenzulernen und zu verstehen, reicht es nicht aus, ihren eigenen Werdegang zu beschreiben. Ihre Person ist nicht ohne die Geschichte ihres Vaters Aung San, des Nationalhelden, und auch nicht ohne die jüngere Geschichte ihres Landes zu erklären. -
Aung San Suu Kyi – Voice of Freedom from the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
DW • 4 Aung San Suu Kyi – Voice of Freedom from the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Aung San Suu Kyi originated from the three relative names; “Aung San” from her father, “Suu” from her paternal grandmother and Kyi from her mother. If we literally translate the meaning of the name, we get “a bright collection of strange victories”. Some people believe that her fate was laid down at the start of her life and her name forecasted the proceedings of her life. Aung San Suu Kyi, born The lady is full of values on June 19, 1945, was the having a Buddhist back- third child in the family. She ground. She believes in had two brothers before her, non-violence following Aung San Lin and Aung San Gandhi’s theory. In 1991, Oo. Aung San Lin drowned The Nobel Peace Prize was at a young age in a lake near awarded to Suu Kyi for her house. Aung San Oo her “non-violent struggle moved to San Diego, Califor- for democracy and human nia, where he possesses US rights”. She would not citizenship. Her father, Aung wear a bulletproof vest San, was a military general because she thought she who commenced the Burma’s was protecting herself Independence but was assas- from the Burmese people. sinated when Suu Kyi was She was put under house only 2 years old. Following arrest for 15 years by the her father’s death, Khin Kyi, military junta but she her mother, became a well- would fight to survive known face in politics. -
Student's Book
Contents Section I: Monarchs and Kingdoms (2500 BC—1885 AD) 2 - What do you already know about the history of Myanmar? - History: Whose story? - Myths and legends - What life was like in ancient times - Ancient kingdoms Section II: Colonialism (1885—1948) 13 - What is colonialism? - The Anglo-Burmese Wars - Colonial administration - Effects of colonialism - Increasing ethnic diversity in Myanmar - Missionaries - Anti-colonial activities - Myanmar nationalism and the Thakin movement - Bogyoke Aung San - Ethnic leaders in the colonial era Section III: World War II (1940—1945) 35 - Overview of WWII - The 30 Comrades - Japanese occupation - The Burma Road - Problems between the Burmese Independence Army (BIA) and ethnic minorities during World War II Section IV: The Struggle for Independence (1945—1948) 45 - The Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League and Aung San’s negotiations with Clement Attlee - The Panglong Agreement - The British role in negotiating Myanmar independence with ethnic minority people - 1947 constitution - The assassination of Aung San and his cabinet 1 Section I: Monarchs and Kingdoms (2500 BC—1885 AD) What do you already know about the history of Myanmar? The history of Myanmar is made up of the stories of You will have a chance to learn more about your all the people from inside Myanmar’s borders— own history as well as the history of other people Rakhine, Burman, Chin, Kayin, Kayah, Kachin, from Myanmar. You already know some things about Mon, Shan, and many smaller ethnic groups. If you the history of Myanmar. Remember: History is about are from Myanmar, this module is partly about you, important events, discoveries, developments and too.