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GUIDELINES for REHABILITATING HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGES Edited by Christopher H

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GUIDELINES for REHABILITATING HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGES Edited by Christopher H GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGES Edited by Christopher H. Marston and Thomas A. Vitanza National Park Service, Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service, Historic Preservation Training Center Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGES GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGES Edited by Christopher H. Marston and Thomas A. Vitanza National Park Service, Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service, Historic Preservation Training Center Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Figure 0.1 Interior view of the Town lattice trusses and upper lateral bracing of the Hall Bridge, VT. HAER VT-40-11, Jet Lowe, 2009. This study is part of the Research, Technology and Education portion of the National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation (NHCBP) Program administered by the Federal Highway Administration. The NHCBP Program includes preservation, rehabilitation and restoration of covered bridges that are listed or are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; research for better means of restoring and protecting these bridges; development of educational aids; and technology transfer to disseminate information on covered bridges in order to preserve the Nation’s cultural heritage. This study is conducted under a joint agreement between the Federal Highway Administration–Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center, and the National Park Service–Historic American Engineering Record (HAER). Federal Highway Administration Program Manager–Sheila Rimal Duwadi, P.E. HAER National Covered Bridges Recording Project Leader–Christopher H. Marston. Published in 2019 by the Historic American Engineering Record, National Park Service, Washington, DC. ©2019 by the Historic American Engineering Record. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Control Number: 2018911948 ISBN: 978-0-692-17092-2 Distributed by the Historic American Engineering Record. Cover: View inside the rehabilitated Burr-arch truss of the Utica Mills Covered Bridge, MD. Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, ca. 2000. Back cover: Utica Mills Covered Bridge, MD, 2012. Photography: Larry Helms (larry-helms.pixels.com) Book design: Gina Zangla, Creative Services, Office of the Secretary of the Interior. These Guidelines are dedicated to the memory of the following individuals who helped lay the groundwork for the principles outlined in this publication: H. Thomas McGrath (1950-2018) Superintendent, Historic Preservation Training Center Eric N. DeLony (1944-2018) Chief, Historic American Engineering Record Joseph D. Conwill (1954-2017) Editor, Covered Bridge Topics David W. Wright (1940-2013) President, National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges David C. Fischetti (1946-2011) President, DCF Engineering Milton S. Graton (1908-1994) Covered bridge builder CONTENTS Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................................................................................................7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 I. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation .................................................................................................................... 21 1. General Principles .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 2. Superstructure Features .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29 Timber Truss and Connections Bracing Systems Floor Systems 3. Substructure Features .................................................................................................................................................................................. 43 Abutments and Piers 4. Exterior Envelope .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Siding, Portals and Wall Openings Roof Systems 5. Site Features .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 65 Approaches and Drainage Setting and Landscape 6. Safety and Protection Features ...................................................................................................................................................................73 CONTENTS II. Appendices A. Burlington Charter for the Preservation of Historic Covered Bridges .............................................................................................................77 B. Character-Defining Features for Historic Covered Bridges Checklist ............................................................................................................. 78 C. Feature Master List for Historic Covered Bridges .................................................................................................................................... 79 D. Truss Types ......................................................................................................................................................................................................80 E. Covered Bridge Terminology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 82 F. Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 92 G. Image Credits .................................................................................................................................................................................................96 III. Case Studies Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................99 1. Ashuelot Covered Bridge, Cheshire County, New Hampshire ..............................................................................................................100 2. Cataract Covered Bridge, Owen County, Indiana ....................................................................................................................................112 3. Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge, Sullivan County, New Hampshire ......................................................................................................128 4. Fitch’s Covered Bridge, Delaware County, New York .............................................................................................................................. 140 5. Gilpin’s Falls Covered Bridge, Cecil County, Maryland .......................................................................................................................... 150 6. Goodpasture Covered Bridge, Lane County, Oregon ..............................................................................................................................162 7. Johnson Creek Covered Bridge, Robertson County, Kentucky ............................................................................................................... 172 8. Kings Covered Bridge, Somerset County, Pennsylvania ..........................................................................................................................182 9. Moscow Covered Bridge, Rush County, Indiana ... ...................................................................................................................................194 10. Pulp Mill Covered Bridge, Addison County, Vermont ............................................................................................................................206 11. Swann Covered Bridge, Blount County, Alabama .................................................................................................................................. 224 Editor Biographies ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 234 6 GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC COVERED BRIDGES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) National Historic Covered The editors thank FHWA’s Sheila Duwadi, MaryAnn Naber, and Wendy Bridge Preservation (NHCBP) Program provided the funding for the Historic McAbee for moving the project forward. Anne Grimmer of the National Park American Engineering Record’s (HAER) long-term national Covered Bridges Service’s (NPS) Technical Preservation Services (co-author of the original Recording Project, which ran from 2002 to 2017 under the leadership of Sheila Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties) Rimal Duwadi and her predecessor, Steve Ernst.
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