~~ .. . . , 3

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RECOVED ^ UM" [9ki[ CEPARTM ENT OF STATE p waa.ana. o.c. :em "d0 DEC 16 P1 :08 c :- 0FFICE CF

BUREAU OF OCEANS AND INTERNATION$fP f0 R ENVIRONMENTAL AND SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS ,

.

DEC 121980 MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES R. SHEA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

Enclosed is an Executive Brench analysis covering two 900 MWe nuclear steam supply systems and the low-enriched uranit.n, for the initial cores plus one full core reload for these facilities, to Taiwan. In accordance with P.L. 95-242, the analysis explicitly addresses how the requirements of Section 120 a. (1) of the Atomic Energy Act are met, including the specific criteria of Sections 127 and 128, as well as certain additional factors, envisaged by Section 126 a. (1).

In accordance with Executive Order #12114 of January 4, 1979, " Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions" and the Unified Fwedures Applicable to Major Federal Actions Relating to Nuclear Activities Subiset to Executive Order 12114" of November 13, 1979, a concise review of the environmental issues relating to the proposed export has been prepared (copy attached). This environmental review and comments on it by other concerned Executive Branch Agencies have been taken into account. The Executive Branch, on the basis of its review of this case, has concluded that the requirements of the Atomic Energy Act as amended by P.L. 95-242 have been met and that the proposed export would not be inimical to the common defense and security of the United States. Moreover, Taiwan has adhered to the provisions of the applicable agreement for cooperation and continued U.S. cooperation under this agreement is authorized by the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979.

'Iherefore, the Executive Branch recommends issuance of the requested export licenses, subjact to the pecivisos set forth in Section 4, Inimicality Judgment, of the analysis.

/ .! |b /, 6%f, P Louis V. Nosenzo / ' Deputy Assistant' Secre'11iry

Enclosure: As stated

~ ' ~_l

- 8101280 Q h ] . .

. .

EXPORT LICENSE APPLICATION ANALYSIS

XR-135 .

' Destination: Taiwan

Transaction: The export of two light water moderated and cooled boiling water nuclear steam supply systems with a design power level of 984 MWe. These reactors will be designated Taiwan Power Company Nuclear Units 7 and 8 and are to be located at Yen 11ao, about 50 kilometers east of Taipei.

Applicant: General Electric Date of Application: March 7,1980

Puroose of Exoort Two light water reactors, either pressurized or boiling water, of 900 to 1,000 MWe have been specift.ed for purchase by Taipower with scheduled operation ir.1988 and 1989. The choice of reactors and manufacturers has not yet b';en made. Three U.S. firms, General Electric, Westinghouse and CQnbustion Engineering are competing for this Taipower contract. The design of the proposed reactors to be located at Yenliao will be updated versions of the 3 loop pressurized water reactor sold by Westinghouse and Combustion Engineering or the boiling water BWR-6 sold by General Electric. The units will be designated Taiwan Power Company Nuclear Units 7 and 8. These facilities will be used to increase Taipower's supply of base load power to meet expected increased power demands in the next two decades. /, vendor to supply the nuclear steam supply system has not been selected but it is anticipated that the selected vendor will be responsible for providing system design, equipment, fuel, technical services on installation and other pre- operational services.

General Electric proposes a shipment schedule from December 1981 to December 1998 to cover the anticipated warranty period and has requested that the license be made valid until January 1999. . .

a

.

.

EXPORT LICENSE APPLICATION ANALYSIS

XR-136

.

Destination: Taiwan

Transaction: The export of two light water moderated steam supply systems with a design power level of 950 MWe. These reactors will be designated Taiwan Power Company Nuclear Units 7 and 8 and are to be located at Yen 11ao, about 50 kilometers east of Taipei.

Applicant: Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Date of Application: April 23,1980

Purpose of Exoort

See discussion under application XR-135. Westinghouse proposes a shipment schedule from January 1983 to January 1994 and has requested that the license be made valid until January 2034 to accommodate exporting of warranty, replacements and other equipment necessary for continued efficient and safe operation of the facilities. . . ,

. .

EXPORT LICENSE APPLICATION ANALYSIS

XR-137 .

' Destination: Taiwan

Transaction: The export of two light water moderated and cooled pressurized water nuclear steam supply systems with a design power level of 900 MWe. These reactors will be designated Taiwan Power Company Nuclear units 7 and 8 and are to be located at Yen 11ao, about 50 kilometers east of Taipei.

Applicant: Combustion Engineering, Inc.

Date of Application: . October 9,1980

Purpose of Exoort

See discussion under application XR-135. C-E proposes a shipment schedule from March 1983 to December 1989 and has requested that the license be made valid until December 1993 to accommodate shipment of spare and replacement parts and to meet schedule slippage and other contingencies. . .

. .

EXPORT LICENSE APPLICATION ANALYSIS

XSNM01662, as amended '

Destination: Taiwan

Transaction: The export of 11,400 kilograms of U-235 contained in 478,800 kilograms of uranium in the form of fuel assemblies containing uranium dioxide enriched to a maximum of 4 percent U-235 for initial cores and one full core reload of Taiwan Nuclear Power Units 7 and 8

Applicant: General Electric Company

Date of Application: February 7,1980

Puroose of Exocrt This enriched uranium dioxide incorporated into fabricated fuel assemblies will be shipped to the Taiwan Power Company for the initial cores and 4 reloads (one full core reload) for the Taiwan Nuclear Power Units 7 and - 8.

'Ihis fuel export request is to accommodate the fuel supply assurance called for in Taiwan Power Company's bid cpecifications for Taipower Nuclear Units 7 and 8 for which G.E. is competing. Shipments of the fuel material are scheduled to begin in 1987 and end in 1993. General Electric has requested that the license be valid for eight years from the date of initial shipment to correspond to the planned fuel shipment schedule. . .

. .

EXPORT LICENSE APPLICATION ANALYSIS

' XSNM01719

. Destination: Taiwan

Transaction: The export of 12,480 kilograms of U-235 contained in 312,000 kilograms of uranium in the form of fuel assem- blies containing uranium dioxide enriched to a maximum of 4 percent U-235 for initial cores and one full core reload of Taiwan Nuclear Power Units 7 and 8 Applicant: Westinghouse Electric Corporation

- Date of Appilcation: August 14, 1980

Purcose of Excort This enriched uranium dioxide incorporated into fabricated fuel assemblies will be shipped to the Taiwan Power Company for the mitial cores and 3 reloads (one full core reload) for the Taiwan nuclear power Units 7 and 8.

This fuel export request is to accommodate the fuel supply assurance called for in the Taiwan Power Company's bid specifications for Taipower Nuclear Units 7 and 8 for which Westinghouse is competing. Shipments of the fuel material are scheduled to begin in 1987 and end in 1993. Westinghouse has requested that the license be valid for 8-1/2 years from the date of initial shipment to correspond to the planned fuel shipment schedule.

. . ,

, .

EXPORT LICENSE APPLICATION ANALYSIS

' XSNM-1753 and -1754

Destination: Taiw n . Transaction: The export of a total of 8,782 kilograms of uranium enriched to a maximum of 3.5 percent for the initial cores and one full core reload for Taiwan Power Company Nuclear Units 7 and 8 Applicant: Combustion Engineering, Inc. Date of Application: October 9,1980

Purpose of Exoort This low-enriched uranium dicxide incorporated into fabricated fuel assemblies will be shipped to the Taiwan Power Company for the initial cores and 3 reloads (one full core reload) for Taiwan Power Company Nuclear Units 7 and 8. Shipments of the fuel are scheduled to begin in 1987. Combustion Engineering has requested that the IIcense be valid until December 2030 to correspond to the expected operationallife of the reactor. This fuel export request is to accommodate the fuel supply assurance called for in the Taiwan Power Company's specifications for Taipower Nuclear Units 7 and 8 for which Combustion Engineering is competing. ' ' p r |./3 [

. . ak & T & i& iS t- E ? % 5 8 N 5 A.

Coordinat:an Council for North Ameruan Affairs Office m U.S.A. 5161 River Road, Washington, D.C. 20016 Phone: (301) '657-2130 October 22,1980 Dear Mr. Dean:

I wish to refer to your two letters both dated October 6,1980 concerning NRC application for licenses XR-135, XR-136, XSNMOl662 and XSNMO1719 for export of two nuclear power reactors, initial cores, spares and three reloads for Taiwan Power Company's nuclear power plant units 7 and 8.

I have been authorized to confirm that:

(a) The transfers of any equipment, as identified on eiier license application, will be stibject to all terms and conditions of the

. current Sino-American Cooperation Agreement on Civil Uses of Atomic Energy;

(b) The Taiwan Power Company is authorized to posse.ss and receive the above material and equipment. I shall appreciate it very much if export licenses can be issued against the application at your earliest convenience.

Sincerely yours,

' &d , KonsiIlb%ah Representative

Mr. David Dean Chairman of the Board and Managing Director American Institute in Taiwan 1700 North Moore Street Arlington, VA 22209 - . .

, , sh n 7 & % $4 4 s f .U. 4 M 7 AL

Coordinatwn Council for North Amencan Affairs Office in U.S.A. 5161 River Road, Washington, D.C. 2 col 6

. November 20,1980

Dear Mr. Dean:

I wish to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of October 29, 1980 on the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's request to amend application XSNM01662 for the purpose of increasing the quantity of material requested for export to 478,800 kilograms uranium for Taiwan Power Nuclear Units 7 and 8, for initial cores and one reload core each. In reply, I wish to confirm that:

a. 'Ihe transfer of any material, identified on the amended license application, will be subject to all terms and conditions of the current Sino-American Cooperation Agreement on Civil Uses of Atomic Energy;

b. The Taiwan Power Company is authorized to possess and receive the above-mentioned material. I shall greatly appreciate it if an export license can be issued against the application at the earliest date possible.

Sincerely,

' _ Konsih C. Shah Representative

Mr. David Dean Chairman of the Board and Managing Director American Institute in Taiwan 1700 N. Moore Street Arlington, VA 22209

. ' J- xm - . /; ' #E -h 7 E $ 4 4- 513- Ai -n M 7 JE

Coordinanon Council for Nort'n Amencan Affx.rs Office in U.S.A. 5161 River Road Washington, D.C. 20016

November 29, 1980 '

s

Dear Mr. Dean:

I wish to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of November 13, 1980 concerning the Combus: ion Engineering Inc. 's applications XR-137, XSMNO1753, XSMNO175s, which you have received from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, for export to Taiwan of two nuclear steam supply systems for Taiwan Power Company Nuclear Power Plant Units 7 and 8, and nuclear material for initial cores, spares and three reloads for these facilities, prior to the award of the contract for the construction of - the reactors. In reply, I wish to confirm that: a. The transfer of any equipment or material, identified on the license applications will be subject to all terms and conditions of an applicable agreement for cooperation entered into pursuant to Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act, as amended;

b. The ultimate consignee, as identified on both applica- tions, is authorized to possess and receive the equipment or material.

Sincerely,

' -/ , , Konsin v. Shah Representative

Mr. David Dean Chairman of the Board and Managing Director American Institute in Taiwan 1700 North Moore Street Arlington, VA 22209 . .

a e

1. Apolicable Agreement for Cooperation

The proposed exports are subject to all of the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement for cooperation which entered into force on June 22, 1972, as amended on June 14,1974 (23 UST 945, TIAS 7364; 25 UST 913, TIAS 7834). This was confirmed in a letter from the Coordination Council for North American Affairs, a copy of which is enclosed.

Taiwan has adhered to all provisions of that agreement for cooperation. , .

. .

2. Extent to Which Exoort Criteria Are Met

. A. Section 127 Criteria s provided in Section 127 of the Atomic Energy Act, the following criteria govern exports for peaceful nuclear uses from the United States of source material, special nuclear material, production or utilization facilities, and any sensitive nuclear technology: Criterion (1) "IAEA safeguards as required by Article III(2) of the Treaty will be applied with respect to any such material or facilities proposed to be exported, to any such material or facilities previously exported and subject to the applicable agreement for cooperation, and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through the use thereof."

Taiwan remains bound by Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). As a result of Taiwan's expulsion from the IAEA in December 1971, an NPT safeguards agreement has not been concluded between the IAEA and the authorities on Taiwan. However, IAEA safeguards, essentially compartbie to those required under the NPT, are in effect on all nuclear materiel and facilities on Taiwan under a trilateral safeguards ageement, puest'snt to INFCIRC/66/Rev. 2, which entered into force on Decembe- 6. Ei1 (22 U.S.T.1837, TIAS 7228). Should the IAEA terminate the application of safeguards on Taiwan for any reason, the United States has the right to apply bilateral safeguards in lieu of IAEA safeguards pursuant to the applicable agreement for cooperation. Therefore, it is the Executive Branch view that criterion (1) is met. . .

. .

.

Criterion (2) "No such material, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology proposed to be exportsd or previously exported and subject to the applicable agreement for cooperation, and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such materials, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology, will be used for any nuclear explosive device or for research on or development of any nuclear explosive device."

Since it remains bound by the NPT, Taiwan is prohibited from using any material, facilities or sensitive nuclear technology transferred by the U.S. or any SNM produced through the use of U.S. supplied material, facilities or sensitive nuclear technology for any nuclear explosive purpose. Moreover, the authorities on Taiwan have provided separate assurances to the U.S. in this regard. Therefore, it is the Executive Branch view that criterion (2) is met. . .

. .

Criterion (3)

" Adequate physical security measures will be maintained with respect to such material or facilities proposed to be exported and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through the use thereof. Following the effective date of any regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant to Section 304(d) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, physical security measures shall be deemed adequate if such measures provide a level of protection equivalent to that required by the applicable regulations." The Executive Branch has assessed the physical security measures maintained by the authorities on Taiwan with respect to nuclear material and facilities and determined that they are adequate for the material covered by this license application.

The authorities on Taiwan provided by letter dated October 26, 1978, assurances that physical protection measures, providing as a minimum a level of protection comparable with that set forth in IAEA publication INFCIRC/225/Rev.1, would be maintained with respect to all nuclear materials ar.d facilities exported to Taiwan from the United States and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through their use. Therefore it is the view of the Exee ative Branch that criterion (3) is met. .. .

. .

Criterion (4) "No such materials, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology proposed to be exported, and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such material, will be retransferred to the jurisdiction of any other nation or group of nations unless the prior approval of the United States is obtained for such retransfer. In addition to other requirements of law, the United States may approve such retransfer only if the nation or group of nations designated to receive such retransfer agrees that it shall be subject to the conditions required by this section."

Article X (3) of the applicable agreement for cooperation, as amended in 1974, stipulates that no material, including equipment and devices, transferred pursuant to the agreement will be transferred to unauthorized persons or to the jurisdiction of another nation or group of nations, unless the U.S. agrees to such a transfer, and then only if, in the opinion of the U.S., the transfer of the material is within the scope of an Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the other nation or group of nations.

Article VIII E. of the applicable agreement, as arr ended in 1974, provides that no special nuclear material produced througt the use of material transferred pursuant to the agreement will be transferred to the jurisdiction of any other nation or group of nations, except as the U.S. may agree to such a transfer. Article XI B.(2) of the applicable agreement provides that the U.S. shall have the right to require that source material or special nuclear material made available to the authorities on Taiwan and any source material or special nuclear material utilized in, recovered from or produced as a result of the use of source material, special nuclear material, moderator material or reactors provided by the U.S., shall be subject to the safeguards provided for in Article XI and the guarantees set forth in Article X. These articles give the U.S. an unqualified approval Wht over the retransfer of material equipment and devices (i.e. utilization facilities) from Taiwan supplied by the U.S. or special nuclear material produced through the use of such material or facilities. Therefore, it is the Executive Branch view that, as the U.S. has the right of prior approval over retransfer of U.S. supplied material or facilities and material produced through the use of U.S. material and ft:ilities, criterion (4) is met. . .

. .

Criterion (5) "No such material proposed to be exported and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such material will be reprocessed, and no irradiated fuel elements containing such material removed from a reactor shall be altered in form or content, unless the prior approval of the United States is obtained for such reprocessing or alteration.

Article VIII C. of the applicable agreement for cooperation, as amended in 1974, requires a joint determination of the United States and the authorP..as on Taiwan prior to the reprocessing, or alteration in form or content of any irradiated fuel elements containing fuel material received from the United States of America pursuant to this Agreement. As no joint determination under Article VI'. C. can be made without the agreement of the United States, and since the 'acilities to be used must be acceptable to the U.S. as one of the Parties, it is the view of the Executive Branch that criterien (5) is met.

. . .

. .

Criterion (6) "No such sensitive nuclear technology shall be exported unless th'e foregoing conditions shall be applied to any nuclear material or equipment which is produced or constructed under the jurisdiction of the recipient nation or group of nations by or through the use of any such exported sensitive nuclear technology." The proposed export does not involve the transfer of sensitive nuclear technology. Criterion (6) is, therefore, not applicable.

. , .

. .

B. Section 128 Criterion Section 128 A. (1) of the Atomic Energy Act establishes the followin'g additional criterion: "As a condition of continued United States export of ' source material, special nuclear material, production or utilization facilities, and any sensitive nuclear technology to non-nuclear-weapon states, no such export shall be made unless IAEA safeguards are maintained with respect to all peaceful nuclear activities in, under the jurisdiction of, or carried out under the controlof such stato at the time of the export."

Since Taiwan is bound by the NPT, it has accepted IAEA safeguards on all its nuclear activities, thereby satisfying this criterion. (Note special conditions set forth under criterion (1) in Part A.) . .

. .

3. Additional Factors

. A. Safeguards Imolementation The IAEA Secretariat has noted in its special Safeguards Implementation Report that with regard to nuclear material subject to IAEA safeguards, while some deficiencies exist in the system, no diversion of a significant quantity of nuclear material was detected in any of the 45 states in which iraspections were carried out. Although recognizing the need to correct existing deficiencies in safeguards implementation, the Executive Branch has no reason to believe that tt. IAEA Secretariat's report is not valid. In the light of this and other factors associated with the proposed expcet, the Executive Branch believes the framework of commitments, assurances, and safeguards is adequate for the purpose of this export.

. . .

. .

4. Inimicality Judement Based on review of the proposed exports, it is the judgment of tlie Executive Branch that the proposed exports will not be inimical to the ' common defense and security and that the licenses should be issued, subject to the following conditions: 1) that the validity of each license be contingent upon the applicant obtaining the contract for the provision of the nuclear equipment or material covered by the license; 2) tilat the reactor exDort licenses (XR-135, XR-136 and XR-137) be made valid until January 2002 to accommodate shipments of warranty replacements and other items needed to assure safe and efficient operation of these facilities and to correspond with the validity of the applicable agreement for cooperation; 3) that the validity of the fuel licenses (XSNM 1662,1719,1753 and 1754) be limited to eight years from the date of first shipment; i.e., from January 1987 to December 1994, and the amount limited to the initial core and one full core reloads for each unit (three reloads for PWR's and four reloads for BWR's). 1 ' . > $ - .

CONCISE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW

FOURTH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

UNITS 7 AND 8

ON TAIWhN

.

s

Nove: der 19 90 . .

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TABLE OF CONTENTS page

Table of Contents i

. List of Figures 111 .

%

1.0. Introduction 1 . ~ 1.1. Purpose 1

1. 2. Ta iwa n 1 .

1. 2.1. Description 1 1.2.2. Population 1 1.2.3. Project Purpose 2 1.3. Nuclear Power Plant 4

1.3.1. Nuclear Steam Supply Syste (NSSS) 4 1. 3. 2. Potential Radiological Releases 3

1.3.3. Spen: Fuel 5

1.3.4. Power Utilization 6

1.3.5. Projec: Responsibilities 6

2.0. Siting and Environmental Considerations S

2.1. Sue =ary of Findings S

2.1.1. Sit i ng S 2.1.2. Geology 11 2.1. 3. Seismic 15 2.1.4. F.ydrology 1S 2.1. 4.1. Surface Water 19 2.1. 4. 2. Groundwater 23 2.1.5. Clinatology and Meteorology 23 2.1.6. Popula t ion 25 - 2.1.7. Land Use 26

. 2.1.8. Biological Resources 27 2.2. U.S. and Global Co= mons 2S 2. 3. Unique Consicerations 29 2.4. Philippines and Japan 20

1 . .

e e

page

3.0. Nuclea r Development and Regulation 31 3.1. History 31 3. 2. 311steral and Trilateral Agreenents 31 3.2.1. Silateral Agreemen:s 31 ' ' 3.2.2. Trilateral Agreenents 32 3. 3. Regulatory Organination 32 - - 3.3.1. General Organi:stion and Policy Planning J2- 3.3.2. Taiwan Atomic Energy Council 34 , 3.3.3. Taipower 35 3.4. Licensing Procedures 35 3.4.1. Construction Permi 36 3. 4. 2. Operating License 37 3.4.3. Quality Assurance 38 3.4.4 Inspection of Nuclear Facilities 38

. 3.4.5. Operator Licensing 39 3. 4. 6. Licensing Reviews Undertaken 39 3.5. S:andards and Regula: ions 40 3.5.1. Siting 40 3.5.2. Environnental 41 3.5.3. Energency Plans 42 3.5.4. Operator Licensing 43 3.5.5. Quality Assurance 43

4.0. Bibliograp hy Ei

Appendix A: List of Contacts

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6

ii . .

. .

LIST OF FlCURES

page

Figure 1. Electrical Produe:1on on Taiwan fran 1969

through 1978 (Taiwan Power Co. 1979) 3 * .

, Figure 2. Long range power de=and 5crecast fo r Ta iwa n . ' (Taiwan Power Co. 1979). 3

Figure 3. Location of the propos ed si:e for the Fourth Nuclear Power Plan , Ta iwa n 10

Figure 4. Geclogic provinces of Taiwan 12

Fi $are 5. Seismicity of the Taiwan region, 1961-1972 (Yo rk, 197 6 ) . Circles represent hypocent ers less than 70 k= deep; squares, 70-300 k: deep. 17

Figure 6. Agencies on Taiwan that af fect nuclear energy, , based on discussions reported in the text. 33

- .

E

iii . .

. .

1.0. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PURPOSE

This Concise Environmental Review (CER) has been prepared in accordance wi:h Executive Order 12114 and the applicable unified procedures (44 FR . 65560 et seq.). Presented herein is an overview of relevant environmental features, site conditions, the regulatory fracework, a description of . pertinent features of nuclear units, and other general background inf or:a- tion.

1.2. TAI'JAN

1.2.1. Descrirtion

The archipelago of Taiwan consists of a single large island, hereafter ref erred to as Taiwan, and cany tiny islands (the Pescadores) between Japan and the Philippines fro: 22* to 25*N latitude and 120* :o 122 *E longitude. Taiwan has 1,140 k= of coastline and covers 35,932 square kile=eters. Its f our principal landfor=s include a central countain sy s t e= , rolling hills, terraced tablelan.ds, and coastal plains (Shi,1975; Chen and Yip, 1975).

1.2.2. Poculation

Over 17 million people currently inhabit Taiwan, resulting in a popula- tion density of approx 1=ately 476 persons per square kiloneter. Nearly 23*: of the 1978 popula: ion is concentrated in the Island's five la rge st cities: Taipei, the capital, with 2,163,605 residents; Yachsiung with 1,062,999; Taichung with 578,935; Tainan with 557,075; and the northern por: ci:y of

., Keelung with 343,648 (personal con =unication, Ms. G. Firch, Int erna tional Demographic Data Center, 19 S0 ). The majority of the renaining population

. inhabits contiguous rural villages in the flat western coastal plain and on the carginal :ablelands of the Central Mountain Range.

1 .

. .

. 1.2.3. Pro ject Purcose

The Taiwan Power Company (Taipover), organized in 1946, is :he sole utility on the islands. The Taiwan authorities own cost of the stock, but Taipover operates as an independent u:ility under the managenent of a Board of Directors (Pacific Engineers and Cons:ructors, Ltd., 1980). . The re=aind- ' ~ er of this sec: ion addresses long ter= demand forecasting and grow:h in

, electrical output, based primarily on a report fro = the Taiwan ?cuer Company ' (1979).

The present system of power generation and distribution on Taiwan was conceived and developed after World War II. By 1951 the independent Eastern and Wes:ern sys:ess were integra:ed and capacity rose to 331.5 W (personal ec=nunication, M.r . W. V. Coane, Bechtel Power C o rp . , 1980). By 197S, Taipower had 46 operating power stations with a peak output of 7,633 W (Taipower, 1979). In 1979 another unit (third uni of Hsieh-ho Power S:ation) cane on line and expanded total capacity to 8,183 E. Of the 1978 capacity, 18. l*: (1,392 W) was from hydroelectric facilities, 6 5. 3 ". (5,019 5) was from ther=al plants and 16. 6': (1,272 W) was generated by nuclear power.

The de=and for electricity has grown rapidly. Output increased about 15*. f rom 1977 to 1978 (27,607 million 13-H :o 31,S58 =illion i~i-H) and again by about 10 *.' in 1979 (Figure 1). As a result of increased de:and in the cocmercial, industrial, and residential sectors, power generation is expec:- ed :o reach 144,349 =1111on 1"J-H in 1992 (Figure 2).

Taipower's goals are to provide power to rural areas and the offshore islands, to reduce costs, and to diversify its energy resources. To nee

. these goals Taipower has embarked on a 12-year development program. Ccal fired and nuclear powered plants for base loads and hydroelectric and punced storage plants for peaking power are planned or are under construc- : ion. The proposed Four h Nuclear Power Plant at venliao is one of :hese facilities.

, . .

. .

GWH 33.000 30,000 , . commercial :f 27,000 ~ 24,000 21,000 ' . 18,000 , 15,000 residential 12,000 9,000 industrial 6,000 3,000

1968 1970 ~ 1972 1974 1976 1978

Figure 1. Electrical use en Taiwai. #ro: 1968 :hrough 1978 (Taiwan Power Co. 1979).

BlUion KWH

. / 1d0

120 generation

100

80 , total demand

60 . ' ' . - Industrial 40

line loss 20

lignting 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992

Figure 2. I.cn g rance pc er demand f o recas: fo r Taiwat. (Taiwan .scer Co. 1979). 3 . .

. .

1.3. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

1.3.1. Nuclear Steam Sueolv Syste= (NSSS)

Taipower purchased and has on line two nuclear units of 636 W each of

. the GE-BWR type. These units vers brought on line during 1978 and ' 1979.

, The third and fourth nuclear units,of 985 W each of the General Electric

- , BWR/6 type are under construction and are scheduled for commercial operation in 1981 and 1982, respectively. The fifth and sixth uni s of 951 W capacity, which are to be Westinghouse PWRs, also are under construction and are scheduled for completion in 1984 and 1985, respectively.

Two light water reactors, either pressurited or boiling water, of 900 to 1000 W have been specified for purchase by Taipower with scheduled operation in 1988 and 1989. The choice of reectors and =anufacturers has not yet been =ade.

The design of the proposed reactors at Yenliao will be upated versions of the 3-loop pressurited water or SWR /6 boiling water reactors sold by Westinghouse and General Electric, respectively, and possibly other canufacturers. A partial list of reactors of similar design and type built, under construction, or in operation in the United States or in other countries are:

WESTINGHOUSE PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS Co cercial Countrv (?lant) Number of Units Oceration Taiwan (Maanshan 1 & 2) 2 1984, 1985 Korea (IG'U 5 & 6) 2 1984, 1985

. United States Farley (1 & 2) 2 1977, 1980

- . Surrey (1 & 2) 2 1972, 1973 North Anna (1 & 2) 2 1978, 1980 Beaver Valley 1 1 1977

4 , .

. .

GENERAL ELECTRIC BOILING WATER REACTORS Co cercial Countrv (Plant) Nunber of Units Ope ra tion Taiwan (Chin-Shan) 2 1978, 1979 Taiwan (Kuosheng) 2 1981, 1982

Spain (Cofrentes) 1 1981 - ' . Switzerland (Leibstat) 1 1981 United States '

- Grand Gulf 2 1981, 1984 Clinton 1 1982

1.3.2. Potential Radiological Releases

All nuclear reactors release so=e radiorctive caterials during their nor=al operating life. In ad dition , releases could occur froc abnor=al operating incidents or accidents. Poten:ial releases are described in NUREG-75/014 (WASH 1!.00) Reactor safety Study, in Table 5-1 of WASH 1250, the Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors and Related Facilities, and NU?IG/CR-0603, A Risk Assessment of a Pressurized Water Reactor for Class 3-8 Accidents. Taiwan has adopted, in general, the applicable U.S. Nuclear Regulato ry Cocsission (USNRC) Regulatory Guides for Light Water Reactor Power Plant Design and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for limiting waste releases to the environment. Taipower has directed the A-E for the units currently being cons:ructed to inco rporat e wherever practic- able the " lessons" learned from Three Mile Island (NUREG-0578) and is likely tha: this will be inco rpo ra ted into the design of the proposed reactors (personal cocaunication, Mr. W. V. Coane, Bechtel Power Corp. , 1980).

1.3.3. Scent Fuel

. The quantity of spent fuel generated by the proposed Yenliao reactors

. over their 30-year economic lives at a rate of 25 metric tons per year per , unit, will be approximately 750 metric tons each, for pressurized water reactors. For boiling water reactors about 23 metric tons per year per unit, or 690 netric tons for each uni:, will be produced.

5 . .

. .

Spent fuel will be stored on-site, in a high-density spen: fuel s:orage pool. After a period of storage, the spent fuel will be disposed of in a manner consistent with acceptable practices and applicable legal require- ments.

'

, Taiwan has not been able to. participate in the International Ato:ic ' s Energy Agency's (IAEA) Studies of Spent Fuel Management since 1971 or in the

. International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation. Nevertheless, the results of _ these studies are available to Taipower.

1.3.4. Power Utili:stion

The proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant will be used to Lncrease Taipower's supply of base load power to cee: expected power demands in the late 1980's and early 1990's. As plants under construction and those in the planning stage come on line, Taiwan's consumption of i= ported oil for power generation will diminish.

From 1981 to 1992, Taipower expects ar. average annual grow:h in power generation of 11.6% (Taipower, 1979). During this time period, Taipower has planned for a 3,209 MW increase in production of hydropower, a 15,406 MW increase from coal fueled plants, and a 7,472 SM increase from nuclear power.

1.3.5. Pro ject Resconsibilities

Taipower will develop the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant with the assistance of various consultants anc construction contractors. Few organi- :ations had been selected as of 1980.

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NSSS

* - A vendor to supply the stean supply syste= has not yet been selected. It is anticipated that the supplier of the NSSS will be responsible for system design, eq uipment , fuel, technical servic e s on installation, and other pre-cperational services.

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Architect-Engineer (A-EI

To da t e , Bechtel Power Corp. and its subsidiary, Pacific Engineers & Constructors, Ltd. have been the principal A-E firm involved with the proposed plant. The A-E is responsible pri=arily for overall technical

, adequacy of project design, engineering and design of the power complex and nuclear facilities, procurement of plant materials, planning and scheduling,

, and technical direction of pre-operational tests and initial start up (personal com=unication, Mr. W. 7. Coane, Bechtel Power Corp., 1980).

Ccnstruction

It is anticipated that Taipower will retain, manage, and assist various international and local contractors in procurement and construction activi:- ies. In all likelihood, Pacific Engineers and Constructors, Ltd., a fim incorporated in Taiwan, will provide technical assistance. -

Consultants

Pacific Engineers and Constructors, Ltd. in consultation with Bechtel Power Corp, are responsible for and have prepared a detailed siting study and feasibility report for the Yenliao Site. Pacific Engineers and Constructors prepared an environ = ental report for sub=10:al to the Export / I=per: Bank. 11arding & Lawson, a geo-technical firm, assisted Bechtel in site investigations.

IAEA

Taiwan was a member of the IAEA from 1957 through 1971. Taiwan was . expelled fron the organization by the IAEA Board of Governors in December of 1971. During the period of its membership, Taiwan received nearly $1 ' - million in assistance in the form of technical pe rsonnel, equipcent, and training programs. In addition, the IAEA in 1966 conducted site evaluations including the Yenliao site for potential nuclear power plants.

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2.0. SITING MD E:NIRON> ENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

2.1. SUttiARY OF FINDINGS t

2.1.1. Siting ,

. The proposed site at Yenliao was selected by Taiwan Power Company for

. development of the Fourth Nucleac Power Plant on the basis of info:=ation , presented in a Site Selection Report dated February 1980. According to an environmental review of the site (Pacific Engineers & Constructors Ltd., 1980), that siting study evaluated sites throughout Taiwan on the basis of the following:

e Earthquake hatards

e Potential for active geologic faulting

e Co=petent foundation rock

e Protection from natural disasters, floods, volcanos, etc.

e Availability of large quantities of water for cooling purposes (in Taiwan, access to the ocean)

e Per=anent population density

e Environmental aspects.

The final sites selected for additional consideration were further evaluated by the following most important and important factors:

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Most Incartant Factors, Incertant Factors

e Geology e Location and topography

e Seismology e Accessability

e Foundation conditions e Land use and acquisition

. e , Environ = ental impact e Power transmission

' e Future expansion

. . Population

e Meteorology

e Oceanography

e Hydrology

e Site development

The Yenliao site was found to be the most desireable location for the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant.

The proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant is to be located in extreme northeastern Taiwan at 25' 03' N latitude 121* 55' E longi:ude in the village of Yenliao, Kunglias Esiang, Taipei Hsien (Figure 3). Yenliao is approxima:ely 20 km southeast of Keelung and 40 km east of Taipei, the capital of Taiwan. The site faces Yenliao Bay and the Pacific Ocean. It enccmpasses 424 hectares.

The coastline near the proposed site is concave' and faces the Pacific Ocean to the northeas:. In this coastal area, modern coas:al features and processes have superimposed a thin veneer of unconsolidated deposits over a muc'- older, consolidated sequence of sedimenta ry rock. Relict fluvial terrace deposits and shif ting of water divides in the historic past reflect the tectonic forces which are causing emergence of the island from the sea ' (Hsu, 1974). In addition, radiometric age dating of sediments indicate tha: there is an uplift of the land surface of approxi=a:ely 10 es per annum (Shaio and Shieh, n.d.a). No seismic activi:y is associated wi:h this gentle crustal warping and uplif t.

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East China Sea

C hin-S h a n $ Kuosheng * 4 Kaelung o Ta' el, YENOAO SITE - * e Taoyuan

< e . H8h llan * |

/. Taichung e

Hualien e

DPenghu #Q I TAlWAN

% & eE

Tar:ung O Kaohsh. rig

. di E 7 . , i

I aL ' l I . * Masnshan 0 25 50 Km

Figure 3. Location of the proposed sir e fo r rhe Fou rth .';uclear Power Plant , Ta iwa n .

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Phv:iograohv

There are many ways to subdivide Taiwan on the basis of geology, or topography, or other natural features. The surface featues of Taiwan cay be divided into five distinct regions on the basis of their bedrock geology and topography. From west to east, these regions include the Coastal Plain, the , Foothill Zone, the Central Range, the Lcngitudinal Valley, and the Coastal

. Range (Figure 4). The Yenliao site is located in the Foothill Zone, not' far , f rom the contact with the Central Range region.

2.1.2. Geology

Taiwan lies along the western boundary of the Pacific Ocean basin, along the junction of two major plates of the earth's crust. These crustal plates have been experiencing relative displacement during geologic time which has resulted in the =ajor geologic features of Taiwan. This discus- sion is pertinent to this review because the structural geology and seistic- ity of the earth's surface at plate boundaries is most profoundly af fected by the in cractions of those plates.

The Philippines Plate reaches south and eastward under :he Pacific Ocean fro the Ryukyu Trench and the Longitudinal Valley of Taiwan. The Coastal Range of ea ste rn Taiwan thus is on the Philippines Pla:e. The recainder of Taiwan and the Pacific Oceaa to the north and west lies on the Eurasian Plate. The Ryukyu Trench is an area where the earth's crust is shortening through a process known as subduction. The Philippines Plate is riding under the Eurasian Plate in this area. Deep seated seiscic activity, the geonorphic trench, and the volcanic deposits of the Ryukyu Islands are all typical features found associated with a subduction :ene. ~. The extension of the Ryukyu Trench toward Taiwan would intersect the ' country near Hualien, but surface expression of this feature is lacking. Here the subduction :ene is replaced by a ifferent style of plate boundary, a strike-slip faul: boundary where shearing forces prevail. This boundary is represented by the Longitudinal Valley of Taiwan which separares the

11 ..

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- . ~ *y/ (- { '

. a| ) O z~E' & 7 % i k | [ c[v '' v[[/rf 5 i /% 3 m / COASTAL

. RANGE

LONGITUCIN AL VALLEY

.

Figure 4 Geologic provinces of Taiwan.

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eastern Coastal Range province from the remainder of Taiwan. The Coastal Range province has been demonstrated to be =ovi:rg northward relative to the rest of the country, consistent with the crustal movements described above.

I Taiwan exhibits all of the conspicuous features of island arcs includ-

. ing seismic activity, volcanis=, and structural complexity. One advantage * to the geological understanding of the area is that the forces which have ' - caused these features are still present in the area and thus provide an . opportunity for better understanding the distribution and predicting future activi:y associated with these features.

Ceologically, especially in ter=s of nuclear power plant siting, Taiwan may be compared with the southern California portion of the U.S.

Site Physiocraohv

The Yenliao site is situated on the northeast coast of the Foothill Zone. The features found at this site represent the recent emergence of strue:urally complex land forms frem the ocean. Paleogene rediments on the order of several thousand meters :hickness to3 ether with the Neogene sedi- =ents extend off shore and underlie a considerable part of the East China Sea.

The area including the site north of the Shuang Chi characteristically consists of numerous ridges and valleys. 3edrock strata typically dip gently. The landscape is typically of the rolling " middle-aged" category. South of Shuang Chi, the landscape is more typically characterized as "youthf ul" or at the ea rly stages of evolution. Stream beds and valley walls are steep and high angular peaks prevail. This landscape stage is due , to a combination of factors, mainly more re sis tant strata and faster rates of uplift of the stream base (Ho, 1976).

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Subsurface Characteristics

The Yen 11ao site is underlain by approximately 2,700 m of consolidated sediments consisting of a cedium to' coarse grained qua rtzitic , dark gray sandstone, and siltstone, Oligocene-Miocene in age. A thin veneer of

, variously aged unconsolidated sediments consisting of laterite soils, terrace deposits, dune sands, alluvium, colluvius beach sands and volcanic

, debris covers the area. _

Structural Characteristics

The Yenliao site area includes portions of two physiographic regions. The site lies in the Foothills Zone, a region of Quaternary sedicents and volcanics which has been complexly folded and faulted after deposition. Approximately 2 km south of the site is the bourdary between the Foothill Zone and the Central Range, composed of a thick sequence of older andesites and mellange representing island arc volcanics and trench deposits. These materials were transformed into the Central Range mountains in the distant geologic past. The forces which formed the Central Range are not a factor in the present seismicity of Taiwan.

Most of the geologic structural features cf Taiwan follow a northeast- sou:hwest trend, paralleling the long axis of the island. The Chuchih Faul: Zone is found within 2 km cf the size. This :ene forms the boundary between the Foothills Zone and the Central Range and is traceable for the leng:h of the island. It contains =any individual low angle planar discontinuities which are interpreted to represent thrust faulting. None are associated with recorded earthquakes.

. Nearby the site, the Chuchih Faul: Zone -is cross-cut by a younger fault. Move =en: along this younger fault is datable to the extent that it - can be demonstrated to have no motion wi:hin the pas: 37 thousand years. Therefore, it is likely that none of the faul:s within the vicinity of the site would_be conridered " capable" faults according to the USNRC definition (personal co==unication, Mr. M. 'Jolf f, 3echtel Power Corporation, 1980).

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Scu:h and eas: of the fault, :he Cen ral ?.ange is ypically underlain by subne:anc:phic Te::ia y argillaceous ccks. The Cen::al ?.ange is con- s ide red :c be a rising cc dillera, tha: is, i: is an ex:ensive noun ain 1: rante. tha- is ex:eriencins. a fas e: rate cf u:lif:. than ad.'acent araas. is :hus f o r=ing -he backbone c: ridge cf the island in uplif t tha: is con- tinuing :o this date (Ec, 1976).

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Assessnen of Stabili:v and Foundation Engineering

. . .-. _ ...... The consulting engineer has cencluded tha: rock of :he Yenlaic si:e vill p:c tide an excellent foundation for a nuclear power plan: (personal cc= uni-

ca:icn, M . k'._V. Coane, .3echte12cwer Cc:p, 19 6(') . The bed:cek.in the site _. area censists cf hard dark gray sandstone anc sil:stenes which are locally sheared. Accc: ding :c resul:s of preli=inary s:udies :his shearing can be accc=cdated by app cpriate f cunda ics design.

.

a. . < \.._ _...... _ . . . . _ _ .._.. < . . .

' * -= 'v c _' . a ~.. ,.~, V c _' c.- '. .- .-~~.... .v. ' ~. n- ~.. ~. b. e . . ~. .'_ . a .. ' _c_ .=..ee 'n_ ~.'n e ". .- ~. ~ ~. . G:cu;, located northwes- of T.eelung. The .ajc: ac irity in this area was

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and salien: peaks. Because of the declinin3 'evel_ of act ivi:y associa:ed

..< .. w, e . . _< _ <_ _,<- ., c . ,<. . . , . . ._ n . s..e. Qua.,_a...... : .... . - t.. _<_ _ _; < n g . . . . a. _.< . . a _. . , <_ r. . . . __.

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P.any najor faults exis- in :he site area. - ncluded anen; :hese is the Chuch'_h Taul: which is in:e:preted as being cen:inucus along the length cf

' - ' - ...a ',. a. c . . ' . . . - . . , u.. .- u e v e . .. '.s v'~. de..''="__ . . . . ' . . . _-. .<..

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interpretation uncertain. As centioned previously, the Chuchih Faul: Zone is cross-cut by a younger fault near the site. This younger fault has been dated by Carbon-14 sethods to have had no movement within at least the past 37,000 years. These faults would therefore not be " capable" according to current USNRC criteria. Numerous other s=211er but still significant, faults have also been mapped in the area (Ho, 1971, 1976; personal communication, , ' Mr. M. Wolff, Bechtel Power Corp., 1980). Many of these faults fall within , a 5 km radius of the site. do recorded seismic activity has been attributed . to these capped faults.

Historically, Taiwan has experienced many earthquakes, so=e of which have been severe. The island lies astride a global plate boundary , in the circu=-Pacific zone of active seis=ici:y (Figure 5). Approximately 1.6': of the world's total seis=1 city occurs beneath or near Taiwan (personal communica: ion, Mr. C. von Hake, NOAA, 1980). Therefore Taiwan =ay in general be considered to be a seis=ically active area. It is seissically equivalent to southern California in the U.S.

Recently completed studies and studies currently in progress for Taipower include seismic and microseis=ic conitoring of the site. This monitoring indicates that the site is seismically and importantly, =icro- seismically quiet. No macroseismic events were recorded within 10 k= cf the si:e during the 8 year monitoring period. The closes: =acroseismic activity recorded during that period was in a cluster located 20 to 30 km southeast of the site and offshore. Microseismic events were conitored by a site array during the two conth period of May to July 1979. No shallow (00 km depth) microseismic events were recorded during this site cicroseismic

monitoring period (personal connunication, Mr. M. Wolff, 3echtel ?cwe: Corp., 1980).

.

Therefore although there are cajor faul:s in the Yenliso site area, - there is no evidence that any of these faults are " capable" faults according to current USNRC criteria. There is no evidence of =ajor faul:ing within 1 ks of the site and the site has been demonstra".ed through microseismic conitoring to possess relatively low seismici y for Taiwan.

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Figure 5. Seisnicity of the Taiwan regien, 1961-19 72 (Ye rk , 19 76) . Circles represen: hypocenters less :han 70 km deep; set: ares, 70-300 k= deep.

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The U.S. practice in seismic design will be used for the project. Appropriate USNRC regulations and regulatory guides will be used as the basis for seismic design and analysis. The two intensities of design earth- quakes currently used in the U.S. and' designated :he Operating Basis Earth- quake (03E) and the Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) will be used in the plant design. The rationale for selection of design accelerations due to' these ~ - earhycakes will be documented in the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report. This doem.nt has not yet been prepared. ' .

The prelisinary design values for the SSI and 03E have been set at 0.4 g and 0.2 g, respectively. These values will be refined and possibly reset on the basis of the Prelisinary Safety Analysis Report which will be p repared prior to final plant design. The SSE and OBE values are not expected to go lower, however they may be set higher. While the SSI and 03E accelerations of 0.4 g and 0.2.g are high, they are not as high as the high- est set for plaats in the U.S. The Diablo Canyon plant in central California has the highes: SSE in the U.S. at 0.75 g. San Onofree (CA) uni: I was constructed with an SSE of 0.5 g while co=panion Units 2 and 3 (presently under construction) were designed core conservatively with an SSE of 0.67 g. Thus, the proposed Taiwan uni:s would be designed within the range of seismic design of other nuclear power plant units approved by USNRC.

Taipower's subscription to the design precedures in the seismic environnent described by the site conitoring program should result in a negligible risk of environnental impact due to plan: opera: ions.

2.1. /4 hvdrolorv

The hafd rologic features of the proposed Yenliao si:e are addressed in two sections: surface water and groundwater resources. The proposed Fourth ., Nuclear Power Plant will use water from the Pacific Ocean for both prinary and secondary cooling purposes. Surface water for sanitary uses will be drawn from the Shung Chi about 2.5 km south of the proposed site. The

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ensuing discussion presents those characteristic pertinent to the construct- ion and operation of the proposed plant.

, 2.1.4.1. Surface Water

. Physical Characteristics . , s

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, The daily seawater temperature in Yenliao Bay as measured by Taipower , (1966-1967) ranged f rom 28.3*C in Augus: to 13. 0 * C in December. Vertical temperature profiles were measured by Taipower about 300 m off shore from the Yanliao site, but specific information was not provided for this review (personal co=munication, Mr. W. V. Coane, Bechtel Power Corp. , 1980).

Along the eastern coast of Taiwan, the =ainstream of :he Kuroshio Current flows northerly or northeasterly throughout the year. Current speeds range from about 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/ s in January' to about 1.0 m/s to 1. 5 m/ s in July. The tidal current of f the Yenliao coast flows northward at a speed of 1.0 m/s to 1. 2 m/ s during flood tide periods. During ebb, it flows from northwest to southeast at 0.8 m/s to 1.7 m/s. These strong curren:s are expected to dilute and ::ansport the heated discharge frem the proposed plant rapidly.

Drainage and Flooding Characteris:1cs

The subtropical clinate of Taiwan is characterized by heavy rainf all. Mean annual rainf all in the Yen 11ao area 'is over 250 cm. Average monthly precipi:ation varies seasonally, and stream flows vary in response.

The Shuang Chi is the la rge s t stream near t .' e p cpesed site. 1:s

. drainage area encompasses 130 km2 The Shuang Chi flaws eastward into the sea about 2.5 km south of the proposed site. The second largest creek is

~ the Shihting Chi, with a drainage area of 12 km2 1:s estuary is immediately north of the site. The Yenliao Chi, a third small stream, flows :hrough the site and has a drainage area of about 0 km2

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One of the potential environmental concerns of the proposed plant is flooding at the plant site during severe weather conditions, particularly during tropical storms (typhoons) which are usually accompanied by very ' heavy rainf all. According to statistical analysis of past records, Yenliao is located within one of the most frequent tracks of typhoons at:3cking

, Taiwan (Pacific Engineers & Constructors, Ltd., 1980). The highest recorded ' flows of the Shuang Chi, Shihting Chi, and Yen 11ao Chi during the period of

, 1966 to 1971 were 490 m3/s, 50 m3/s, and 8.4. m3/s respectively. The , heavy rainfall and the steep slopes is the area could lead to significantly high flows in area s: reams, and subsequent flooding may occur at the plant site, unless adequate protective measures are designed and installed. Access to the plant site may be hindered during floods. As USNRC design criteria vill be employed, extensive channel work, diversion of flows, retention basins and other engineering measures will be used to protec: the proposed f acilities. Since the engineering citigations are commonly used, the potential for plant damage or loss of access fro = stor= related flooding will be negligible and thus should not be of issue.

On the other hand, extremely low flows in area streams during drought periods may result in an insufficient freshwater supply for the plant. The estimated f reshwater requirement of the plant is about 0.035 m3/s and is to be drawn from the Shuang Chi. This stream had a minimum daily flow of 0.15 m3/s from 1966 through 1971 (Pacific Engineers & Cons:ructors, Ltd., 1980), hence, the anticipated water demand could represent a withdrawal of 23% of the minimum daily flow. Groundwater s:orage is very limited in the area because of low yielding volcanic bedrock near the surface. Local wells along the Shuang Chi have been found to be of satisf actory quality and may be an additional source.

. Estimated Recuirements

- The condenser circulating wa te r systen is the main hea dissipation mechanism. associated with the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant. '4a te r recuired for once-through cooling is readily available fron the Pacific Ocean. The quantity of water recuired for cooling at full power generation

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and the designed rise in water temperature from intake to discharge are no: yet known. A water use diagram is to be provided in the Preliminary Saf ety Analysis Report (Pacific Engineers & Constructors, Ltd., 1980).

Chemical Characteristics

' - , , Quantitative data concerning, .isting chemical constituents in the

, . surf ace waters of the site and the Pacific Ocean, and the expected level's of chemicals to be discharge during plan: operation are not available. Qualit- ative considerations are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Chlorine is used in most power plants as a biocide in cooling systems. The effects of discharge of residual chlorine into Yen 11ao Bay may have a detri= ental effect on aquatic biota. Si=ilarly, if copper-nickel alloys are used as condenser tubing, copper and nickel frc= continuous corrosion of the tubing may be present in the discharge. Other che=icals released in the discharge are likely to include sodiu: hydroxide and sulfuric acid, which may be cutually neutralized and yield sodiu sulfate (if released concur- rently from drains of acid and caustic pumps) end chromium (released by leakage ico= the service water and cooling water system).

In the environ = ental review by Pacific Ingineers and Constructors, L:d. (1980), the impact of chlorine was estimated to be s=all because of the low concentration of residual chlorine (0.5 pp=) proposed to be released. Given the naturally occurring concentrations of copper and nickel in the seawater of the Bay, the estimated levels of copper and nickel which wculd result f rom plant discharges, the same consultants expect there to be no adverse effects. The amount of chro=ium released in the discharge water approxi- =ates 6 x 10-5 ppa and also is not expec:ed to have any significan:

. . i= pact on :he carine organisms in the Bay. The addition of sodiun hydroxide and sulfuric acid will have insignificant impact on the pH level of ses-

- water, and, thus, is not expected to affect the aquatic biota.

The types and concentrations of ef fluents expe::ed to be discharged by the proposed plant into Yenliao Say are common to c.o s : power plants and are

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not considered to be significant. Nevertheless, Taipower, as part of its environmental monitoring studies, will be evaluating the effluents during pla operation to ascertain the localized ef fects that may occur (Pacific Engineers & Constructors, Ltd. ,1980);

Dispersion and Transnort ' .

. , The =agnitude and direction of the Kuroshio Current will be the primary me chanism that affects the dispersion and dilution of the rmal and radio-

active =aterial discharged by the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant. Few de: ailed, local data are available tha: fully characteri:e the current, wind and meteorological cenditions, tides, freshwater flows, and temperature dis- tribution. Hence no quantita:ive assessment of thermal and radiological discharges can be made. However, as reqtiired for the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Taipower will be conducting detailed oceanographic surveys to ascertain ocean currents, tidal ef f ects , littoral transport and bathy- metry in the 3ay (Pacific Engineers & Constructors, L:d. ,1980).

The=al discharges resulting frc the use of the seawater for cooling will result in a negligible increase in the water temperatures beyond the 1:=ediate vicini:y of the discharge. With proper design of the cooling water intake and heated water discharge, the=al ef f ects can be minimized.

Releases of low-level radioactive liquid wastes under nomal operations will be =ixed with the discharge of the condenser cooling water and eventually will enter the Pacific Ocean. In the Ocean waters the wastes will be diluted significantly, with little or no impact on the Bay.

The discharge of significant quantities of radioactive nacerials to the

- Ocean would presuppose cultiple failures in the fluid systems tha: isolate radioactive caterials. This event is highly unlikely, given the use of ' - USMRC design standards that are proposed to be employed.

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2.1.4.2. Groundwater

No site specific data on groundwater resources of the Yenliao area were available for this CER. The ref ore , i an evaluation of possible impacts to groundwater resources can be =ade only in general terms.

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~ The Yenliao site is underlain by a thin veneer of unconsolidated sedi- nents (soile, alluvium, colluvium,' terrace deposits, dune and beach sand, * and volcanic debris). Seneath this veneer are approximately 2,700 m of con- solidated sediments including hard, dark grey sandstone and siltstone.

' Exploitable quantities of water may be found in the unconsolidated sed- isents, or in the local shear zones in the consolidated bedrock. Howsver, based upon the level of industrial and institutional developsent found with- in 5 k= of :he site, no cajor groundwater withdrawal points have been locat- ed. Future development of :he area surrounding the site is projected to be primarily in the tourist industry so that future ,po'tential for =ajor ground- water wi:hdrawals in the area are slim.

Groundwater flow directions projec:ed from the topographic and geologic infor=ation exa=ined suggest a flow direction toward the ocean with a very limited possibility for reversals of flow direction due to future develop- sent. The ef fects of a spill contaninating groundwater at the site would sos: likely af fect the groundwater locally, and between the site and the point where groundwater discharges into the ocean.

2.1.5. Climatologv and Meteroloev

General Cli=atic Cenditions

. Taiwan has a subtropical climate characterized by high temperatures,

, high humidity, and seasonally strong winds. Precipitation is heavy year

round with an average annual rainfall in excess of 2,500 t=. Rainfall is heaviest and winds are strongest during the fall and early winter. Periods of extremely high wind veloci:1es and precipitation occur during the su==er- monsoon season. The mean annual enperature is 21*C (70*F) and the Island's

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relative humidity re=ains about 80% chroughou: the year (Chaffee et al., 1969).

Next to earthquakes, typhoons are the most destrue:1ve natural force afflicting Taiwan (Sih,1975). An estimated 3.2 typhoons strike Taiwan each

. year. , Typhoons occur most frequently during August and September. Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to severe storm damage due to typhoon-

, , induced sea swells and nearshore wave activity. An est1=ated 28% of all typhoons that occurred in Taiwan between 1897 and 1976 cut across the north- ern section of the Island.

Although there are no wave records for the site as yet, Suao harbor located 50 km south of Yen 11ao experienced a caximum significant wave height o f 7. 8 e in 197 5. Based upon a detailed, =andatory wave study, the wors: credible typhoon wind conditions and resultant flooding conditions will be accounted for in the design of the proposed plan: (personal con =unication, M r. k'. V. Coane, Bechtel Power Corp. , 1980).

Yenliao Site Clicatolop-

Because wind patterns, ocean currents, and proximity to high mountains account for dramatic variations in clisatic conditions over short distances, a five year, on-site meteorologic study was conducted to ceasure the salient weather characteristics at Yenliao. The resultant data indicate that mean annual tenperature, rainfall, and relative humidity at the site va ry insignifican:ly from Taiwan averages. Seasonal trends in precipitation and wind pa:: erns do, however, vary significantly.

Generally, south winds prevail over the si:e except during the win:er . monsoon season when strong (10.3 n/s) northeast winds predominate. The mean maxinus wind velocity at the si:e is 11.3 n/s. Autumn and early winter ' - winds are strenger than those which cross the site during spring.

Rainfall is heaviesc at Yenliao during December averaging 39 3 == and lightest in August with an average of 36 cm. Yenliao is in the rain shadow

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of the prevailing southwest summer wind s , but frequent thunderstorms and late summer typhoons provide abundant summer precipitation.

2.1.6. Poculation I

Regional Distribution and Density Characteristics . ' .

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Pacific Engineers & Cons t ructors , Ltd., . (1980) estinated that 4.6 million persons currently reside within a 50 km radius of the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant. More than 2 million of these persons are in Taipei, 40 km west of Yenliao. 0:her densely populated urban, centers within the region include Keelung with 343,643 residents and Jintang with 69,749. These ci:1es are situated northeast of the site at distances of 20 km and 12 k=, respectively. -

Existing population density vi:hin a 50 km distance is approximately 1,779 persons per square km. Projec: ions for the year 1998, computed by Pacific Engineers and Constructors, Ltd. (1980) suggest this figure will increase to 4,359 persons per square k=. In terns cf population density , USNRC guidelines s: ate that existing densities not exceed 192 persons per square km and that projected densities re=ain within 384 persons per square k= within 50 km of proposed nuclea r plants (Regulatory Guide 4.7, 1975). The population density figures determined for existing and projected condi- tions wi:hin a 50 kn radius of Yen 11ao exceed acceptable USNRC standards. 'dovever, analyses will be conducted and pro:ective features will be added to the plant site layout and de sign to ensure that rad ia t ion exposure during nor=al operations and during postulated accidents will be within USSRC standards (personal con =unication, Mr. *4. V. Coane, Bechtel Power C o rp . , 1980).

. Local Distribution and Emer2ency Evacuation Plans

. In addition to the large urban centers that constitute the Taipei- Keelung megalopolis, there are nucerous small, ural villages within 5 kn of Yenliao. Located 1.5 km north is the 300-boat fishing por of Acti; situa:- ed 3 km southeas: is Fulung 3each, a coastal re so rt ec=munity attracting

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daily surmer peak crowds of up to 9,000 pe rsons. Collec:ively, these and o:her nearby settlements shelter a permanent population of about 20,000. The area's transient population fluctuates seasonally from several hundreds in winter to several thousands in su==er.'

, To minimize exposure of individuals within the vicinity of a nuclear . power facility to ha:ardous radiation levels resulting from a serious accident, the Taiwan Atomic Energy Council (the Council) requires that an emergency evacuation plan be prepared and approved prior to plant operation. Development of an evacuation plan is the responsibility of Taipower. Emergency considerations are to be incorporated into the Prelisinary Safety Analysis Report that is to be submitted to the Council before the issuance of a construe: ion license.

2.1.7. Land Use

The predocinant land use within 5 k= of the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant is agriculture. According to figures provided by the Kungliao administrative office, approximately 70% of the surrounding region is fore- s:ed, with the remaining 30% devoted to the cul:ivation of we: rice, potatoes, and tea. Pacific Engineers and Constructors, Ltd. (1980) estimat- ed that between 40 and 50 hectares of rice farmland will be lost due to delineation of an exclusion :ene surrounding the proposed plant.

A secondary land use within the vicinity of the proposed plant site is recreation. Completion of a new highway between Keelung and Suao is likely :o stimulate further shoreline development in addition to the present rec re- azional center at Fulung Beach. Based upon seven exanples of land use co=patibilt:y between nuclear power plants and adjacent public recreation

- facilities in :he United States and in Japan, Pacific Enginee rs ard Constructors, Ltd. (1980) concluded that operation of a nuclear plant a: ' Yealiao would not inhibi: tourism development or shoreline reactional use s.

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2.1.8. Biological Resources

Few aquatic data that characteri:e Yenliao Bay or the Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the intake or discharge is available. No terrestrial surveys of the proposed site uve been undertaken. More detailed studies of the aquatic and terrestri i habitats than those already completed by , ' Taipower will be conducted for inclusion in the Preliminary Saf ety Analysis ' Report. The following suc=arizes the salient features presented by Pacific . Engineers and Constructors, Ltd. (1980).

Tidal zones and Yenliao Bay in particular are significant carine habitats for the development and caintenance of =arine organiscs. Operation of the proposed plant may be detrimental to this habita: and thus aquatic populations may be affected adversely. In the vicinity of the intake there are i=portant coral beds, including stony, sof:, and gergonia corals. Three separate s:ony coral reef s are present fren 600 m to 1,200 = off shere. In addition, abalone, a valuable econo =ic coccodity, are abcndant.

Opera: ion of the proposed once-through cooling system will result in various beneficial or adverse i= pacts to the resident and migratory aquatic biota inhabi:ing the area near the discharge. I= pacts =ay resul from chemicals such as chlorine used in the cooling water, from :he heared effluent, from impingement and entrainment, or fros cocbinaticas of the above. Direct impacts to the f ar-of f shore consercial fishing industry will not occur.

Pacific Engineers & Cons t. rue:o rs , L:d. (1980) has indicated that the proposed location of the discharge is in an area largely dominated by sand and is a considerable distance ;r c.a coral reefs. The botton topography

. ranges from 4 m to 15 m deep. Sandy substrates usually are characterized by lower diversity and thus would be the pref e rable loca tion for the dis- ~- charge.

Terres: rial impacts will primarily re sul; fren co ns t ruction of the f acility and transmission lines. Habitat will be lost on site and will be alte red thro ugh brush control t echnic ue s utilized along transnission corridors.

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2.2. US AND GLOBAL COMMONS

Effects on the U.S. and global connons were considered by the USNRC in the export of nuclear units to the Ptiilippines. The USNRC's consents were based upon generic info ation pertaining to the impacts of operation and

. those associated with the likelihood of a severe accident in the ' Final ' E_nvironmental Imoact Statement of US Nuclear Power Excort Activity

, (ERD A-1542) dated April 1976, the Final Environmental Statement Related to Manufacture of Floating Nuclear Power Plants by Offshore Power Svstems, Part III at 3.3.2.1 (NUREG-0502) dated Dece=ber 1978, and the Liouid Pathway Generic Studv (NUREG-0440) dated February 1978.

ERDA-1542 concluded, among other things, that the level of projected Uni:ed States nuclear power export activities through the year 2000 is un- likely to entail significant or unacceptable adverse environmen:a1 i= pacts to the US and global com=ons. The nature of U.S. nuclear power export activities, as they relate to potential environmental impacts, has not altered substantially since issuance of ERDA-1542, except that the export activity levels have been lower than projected. Therefore, the environment- al i= pact of such activities is expected to be less than those impacts esti- mated in ERDA-1542. There is also no reason to believe that the nature of. such activities described in ERDA-1542, as they relate to environ = ental i= pacts, will significantly change in the foreseeable future.

NUREG-0502 has concluded that radiological impacts fros the normal ope ration of a nuclear power plant or even froc "all but the mos: severe acciden:s" (USNRC comments, Nuclear Regulation Reports 30, 475.11) will not be detected in the U.S. Given the worst possible accident for a land based coastal nuclear power plant in which a core mel:down occurs, the celted fuel

, enters the groundwater beneath the plant and is transported to the surface waters, NUREG-0502 based upon NUREG-0440

. found that such an accident would have virtually no impact upon marine recreation, s po rt fishing, bes:ing, connercial fishing and shipping that would occur in areas twelve miles from land. (USNRC Co:ments, Nuclear Regulation Reports, 30,'75.11).

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- In the matter of spent fuel disposi:icn, the USNRC in . its con =ents concerning exports to the Philippines revieued several waste canagement options. One option is to store spent fuel on site, a second would be to return spent fuel to the U.S., and a dhird option would be permanen: storage in an international repository.

.

* . In the licensing of domestic nuclear plants the impacts of storing Based upon this ., spent fuel on the site have been assessed cany times. experience, should this option be chosen for the proposed plant at Yenliao storage cn site would no: have adverse i= pacts upon _ the U.S. or global co= mons. Regarding the second option, a Final Environmental Incact State:ent of U.S. Scent Fuel Policy published in May 1980 found that the impacts from receipt of foreign spent fuel will be s=all. The third option, storage at an in:erna:ional repository, has not been considered in detail as yet.

Therefore, the likelihood of operation 'of the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant at Yenliao resul:ing in environ = ental impicts to the U.S. and the global co==ons is quite renote. In the ex:resely unlikely occurrence of a Class Nine accident, the environ = ental 1 pacts to the U.S. and global co= mons should be extremely small.

2.3. UNIQUE CONSIDERATIONS

The proposed Yen 11ao site is being designed for physical site condi- tions based upon the la tes: USNRC regulations and requirements and thus should present no unique risk of environmental degradation. Si:e activities may cause temporary environmental effects just as those associated with other large construction projects.

. Taiwan's mair. deviation fron USNRC regulations is a relaxation of popu-

' - lation density restrictions, a necessity on that densely populated island.

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2.4. PiiILIPPINES N!D JAPNI

The distance fron the Yenliao site to the Philippines, Luzon Island is 750 kn and to southern Japan 1,080 'ks. The IAEA and the USNRC have no standards that define the distance fron an island within which a plant site sight be considered to have an impact on another land cass. . A review of ' current practice, however, indicates that there are plants in the U.S. and

, Europe operating well within 750 ks'of international borders.

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* .

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3.0. NUCLEAR DEVELOPtENT AND REGULATION

3 .1. HISTORY

!

Since 1953 there have been five four-year power development programs on Taiwan that were successfully carried out. The las: four year program *, 1973 , ~ to 1976, was revised in early 1976 as a six year program (1976 through

, 1981). To meet expected demands, taiwan embarked on a 12-year program of , power development. Nuclear power production will play a significant role in this program.

By early 1979 the Firs Nuclear Power S:ation (1,272 W) was in opera- tien (Taiwan Power Company,1979). Cons:ruction of the Second Nuclear Power Station (1,970 W) was iniciated in late 1974, and the Third S:a: ion (1,802 W) was under construction in 1977. The Fourth and Fifth Nuclear Power Stations are scheduled to come en line fro: 1983 through 1991.

3.2. 31LATEFJd. AND TF.ILSTERAL A0?IDENTS

3.2.1. Bilateral Agreements

As of 1980, there was an applicable agreement for cooperation concern- ing the civil uses of nuclear energy. The original 1955 agree =ent was amended several :imes and was superseded in 1972. The 1972 agree =ent was f urther amended during 1974 The purpose of the existing cooperative agree- ment is to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy through the exchange of information that may include:

(1) Development, design, cons:ruction, operation, and use of research, caterials testing, experi= ental, demonstration * power, and power reactors, and reactor experiments;

(2) The use of radioactive isotopes and source caterial, , special nuclear material, and byproduct caterial in physical and biological research, medicine, agriculture, and industry; and;

(3) Health and safety considerations related to the foregoing.

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In addi:icn, :he Institute c' helear Energy 7.e sea rch ain:ains a siste; labora:ory agreenen vi:h Argenne Na:icnal Labora:::y. The purpose

e.. . u. .a ,.. . a ., s. . _. a . < n ., . . ...a - ...a_a. o. . u. . s_a a _. _. a .,.g e. e _.... .

3.2.1. Trila erial Agreenent *

. -_...... , . . . . . As previously stated, Taiwan no longer is a =e=ber of the IAEA. Never- theless, the 1964 trilateral agree =ent be:veen the IAEA, the U.S., and Taiwan (as a= ended during 1971) for the "Applica:icn of Safeguards by the-1AEA to :he United S:ates - China Cooperatic: Agree =ent" s:ill is in effect.

__

... _2 .w a. . .. s...... c . . , e s c. . . . ~ . s.y . n ,. c . , , . . ..e . a.4_. .a . . e __ < .. . .__6.. 4_ o .. s .e _ . .. e Nuclear Nen-?: li' era:icn :ca:y cf M C. No e-her =ul-ila:eral agreemen:s

e . ..a.e_...... s._s.. C_.s. s._e. <._ e.ss.e.....

_ _ ,m ~. .. . = . -rc e.. w,~..y. s . .G r. s,==_. . A= = m. h=

3. 3.1. General 0:;anizati:n and ?cliev ?lanning

Taipower is unde: he supervisien cf the Au hcrities en Taiwan. which reper s dire::ly :c the Ixecu:ive Yus: (Figure 6). As the scle ele::ric

, t... . _n_ _z .;. . . , _ _ _s , e y ,_ _.. 's . *. s rc . . .s ' '. ' =.. ' .- . .h. e d *_ v e _'. - r *. . . . , s" ,. _' ; a .' . . s e . '_ _~3 of ele: rici:y. The Council, *hich. also repc::s :: :he Executive Yuan, is

. res7ensi..c_ei .,c: -he sa fe deve,tcpcen- c:. nu:_ ear science and :echnology.

The =ajeri:y of :he info::atien concerning -he fune-ion and c:gani:4- :ica cf :he Council and Tai; cue was .:: a e ai'.able in published form. Thus, :he inf ormation presenu d below was culled ft: discussions vi:5 'dr. Rober:

*ii=a:ainen_ of the Depa: =ent of S:ste, and M. . '4 . V. Coane, ?:ojec- Y.a nag e r , 3ech:e1 Power Corp., durin; Augus: and Sep:enber 1930.

~G .. MO g I .D .. [3 = D(On[iU va . .0. ' i f3 If . *

. . . * * . .

* . Airl110RITIES Oil TAlWAtl

Premldent Vle e PrestJent

i I I I Acadent.i Sinica Control Yuan Ju.Ilcial Yu.in l Esecutive Yunn Examination Yuan I.egislatlee fuan i I 8 3 I llnist ry of I I I flint st ry of illnist ry of Ataele Energy llintst ry of I c..iu.mic A f f a t e s Foselyn Affairs FJuc Llan Na t ional lle a t tle Taiwan O t l.e - Counct! Communicatinus Adelaistr.ation Provencial Hintstries Covernment Ta!pel Other Honicipal Councils I i I Covernment Ot tie r Ta iw.in | InJustrial College of i Luter- Power Technology Nuclear | Kaoshung Other Centsal Other Honicipal pelsch Comp.eny Se me.si t ta Sc i r . ice . lin i ve r s i t ler lJe a t tie r Buscaus Covernment InstStute Natlonal Biss eau Tsing Ilua ** " lin i ve r s it w * " , (Bureau) 1 d Activilles related to Atomic l'ncrr.y Activities related to Atomic Energy -| i I I I I Com.mitteo on Rada.ation Institute I I l a t w.m Planning Nuclent Radiation General Office of S.af e t y of Nuclear Itad ia t ion Office of lit vi e lutt Regul a tney Prntectfun AJalnistra- Personnel Acco.uating reinwsi t t ee on lluelea r "*'EY "'' "''"E ' '' " ' '" '" ,, see sca r ch 58atton Division Com.alttee on Safety Analy.61s .enJ llazard | Safeguar ls. Tralnli.; Supervisory and Nuclear Facilities I: v.i t u.a t t un o f aind Cor.peration Regulatory Activitics. Safety Supervision. N.. , ,r r..c i n o <.s , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , _ , , , , Safety E.ai..a o _ . ,iedicai ..,J inJ..sto ni c.,_ I t t -, N. : i c, g r.. . o c.,0..n. 'e-"."<-'= a d' o - i e- o - Arcl.h ut invca t igat lini and 8.v.a t ua t ton t..._ I L t .. .u. t,u. I t ,1 c .o .... uf ticJlc.nl Radiological Personnel

n

. @i@ Figure 6. Agencies on Taluan that affect lutclear energy, based on tilscilssions reported in the text. === Eso ' b . .

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'3.3.2. Taiwan Atomic Ertergy Council

The Council is responsible for the supervision and regulation of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. The Council ensures that safety standards are enforced and maintained at nuclear installations.

.

. ' The Council was established in 1955 and is cocprised of 15 cembers.

* Each member represents various ninistries or govsrnment agencies that are . involved in the development of nuclear energy.

Planning Division

This Division oversees nuclear safeguards, nuclear laws and regulation, domestic coordination and international cooperation on nuclear energy, training of personnel, promotion of peaceful applications of nuclear energy, and the collection and distribution of relevant infor=ation and publica- tions.

Nuclear Fegulatorv Division

The Nuclear Regulatory Division has the responsibilities of supervising and regulating nuclear activities to secure public safety. This includes safety evaluation, inspection, licensing, and supervision of the construct- ion and operation of nuclear facilities.

Radiation Protection Division

The Radiation Protection Division has the responsibilities of supervis- ing and regulating the optimum use of radiation. This includes saf ety eval-

, untion, inspection, licensing, and supe rvis ion of medical and nonmedical uses of by product caterials and radiation producing devices.

. . The institute of Nuclear Energy Research is concerned with research and developnent of reactor :echnology, fuel cycle, and other rela ted projects. The Taiwan Radia: ion Monitoring S:a: ion concentrates en environnental radio- activity surveys and monitoring.

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To meet specific requirements, five committees had .been instituted by 1980. These include the Coesittee on Radiation Safety, the Co==ittee on Nuclear Legislation, the Consittee on Safety Analysis and Hazard Evaluation of Nuclear Facilities, the Cc=sittee 'on Nuclear Accident Investigation and Evaluation, and the Committee on Qualification of Medical Radiological Personel. * ' .

' , . 3.3.3. Taipower .

As Taiwan's sole utility, Taipover is responsible for the development, supply, marketing, and distribution of electrical energy. When power is produced by nuclear technology, it cus be done under the supervision of the Council.

Taipower's canagement consists of three basic administrative levels including a board of directors, supervisors, and executive officers. Opera- ting policies are formulated by the BoaEd of Directors, which is ce= posed of prominent people fros both govern =ent and industry. Supervisors are responsible for audi:ing financial statemen:s, and day-to-day eperations are the responsibility of the Executive Officers.

As of 1930, the proposed nuclear project a: Yen 11ao was being ad=ini- stered jointly by the Power Developcent Departmen:, the Atocic Power Depar:- =ent, and :he Office of Nuclear Power Projects in Taipower. The Power Developmen: Department is responsible for siting and project planning. ne Atomic Power Department is charged with licensing, fuel canagemen:, and quality assurance (Shen et al. , 19 73 ) . The Of fice of Nuclear Power Pro jects coordinates engineering and design activities, ove rsee s construction =e: hods, and perf o r:s other adminsi::ative functions (personal communica-

.. tion, Mr. W. V. Coane, 3echtel Power Corp., Sep: ember 1980).

* - 3.a. LICENSING PROCEDURES

The A:nmic Energy Law (1968) and the Detailed Regulations f o r I=ple- men:ation of :he A:ccic Energy Law (1976) are the prine statutes regarding

35 , .

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the installation and operation of nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Licensing is a two- s tep process. A Cons:ruction Per=it is required prior to the initiation of construction activities and an Operating License is candatory prior to fuel loading and opera: ions. This discussion of licensing proced- ures was drawn largely from documents made available by the Department of

. State and through conversations with Mr. W. V. Coane, Bechtel Power Co' rpora- ' tion.

e

. 3.4.1. Construction Permit

The construction permit is to be issued in accordance vi h an approved construction schedule. The permit may include only those systems that have been reviewed and found' satisfactory and are not related to other systems that have not yet been reviewed.

The following reports are usually required by the Council:

Site Selection Recor:

A Site Selection Report contains the results of surveys, s:udies, and ce=parisons of various sites. This report is submitted to the Autho rities on Taiwan as well as the Council for review and evalua: ion. After the recommended site is approved by the Executive Yuan and the Council, the appropriate local governnents are notified. A Site Selection Report has been completed for the proposed Four:h Nuclear Power Plant.

Environmental Recort

An environmental review may be conducted to evaluate the potential

, environmen:al impact of the proposed plant. For the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power P la nt , Pacific Engineers and Cons t ruc to rs compiled this review. - Taipower is currently assessing the existing environment on si:e and off- shore in the vicini:y of the proposed intakes and the results of this study, together with comments frc:2 other governmental agencies, local authorities,

36 . .

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and academic organizations representing the public will be surcarized in an Environmental Impact Report.

Preliminary Safety Analvsis Recort (PSAR)

The PSAR details the design criteria and preliminary design inforiation . ~ for the proposed reactor and comprehensive da ta on the proposed site. The

, . standard for=at and content for the safety analysis report recently publ'ish- ed by the USNRC is utilized.

The review and assessment for radiological safety and environ = ental protection are perforned by the Council ad hoc committees. Technical specialists and international consultants may be e= ployed to review safety and environ = ental problems. During this review, Taipower =ay be required to supply additional infor=ation.

Af ter consultation with all interested parties, the Chair an of the Council can approve a construction per=it which is often accompanied by permit conditions. These conditions are designad to ensure compliance with international obligations, the safe storage and supervision of fissionable sacerials, the prevention of degradation of environmental quality, and emergency planning.

3.4.2. Ootrating License

The application for an op e ra ting license includes the submittal of a Final Safety Analysis Report and other supportive docu=entation. The review and approval procedures for this report are similar to those for a construc- tion pe rmit . The operating license may be issued in several stages as a

, function of the power output by the nuclear reactor facility.

- Final Safety Analvsis Reoort (FSAR)

Taipower is required to sub=it the FS AR in su port of its application f or an operating license. The FSAR presc::ts the pertinent details on the

37 , .

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final design of the facilities, including *,Jaste Handling Systems, Radiologi- cal Source Terms, Emergency Planning, Initial Tes Programs , and Technical Specifica: ion for Operations.

Other Sucoorting Documents

. . * The application =ay be amended at this time to describe particular

, safety and environ = ental protection ceasures that will be employed in order to assure protection of the health and safety of the public and the environ- =ent.

Saferv Review

The review of the FSAR is perf ormed by the Council Cecsittee on the

Safety /calysis and Ha:ard Evaluation of Nuclear Facilities. tihen all the nuclear testing programs have been successfully completed as required in the FS AR, Taipower will receive the operating license.

3.4.3. Quality Assurance

Prior to receiving a construction permit, Taipower is required to include in its FSAR a description of its quality assurance program for the design, fabrication, construction and testing of :he systems of the facil- i:y. A description of the =anagerial and administra:ive controls to be used to assure safe operation of the plant is to be included in the FSAR.

3.4.4 Insoection of Nuclear lacilities

The Council is responsible for the supervision and inspection of .. nuclear installations for nuclear safety and radiological protection. The inspection work star:s from the construction stage and continues throughou: - the operating life cycle of the power station. Inspection ac:ivities proceed as follows:

.

3S . .

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* Pre-Construction - To verify compliance with the . conditions imposed concerning site-related and environmental requirements.

* Construction - To ascertain whether construction of reactor facilities is r.ansistent with Council requirements and PSAR commitments.

. e Pre-operational Testing - To verify that Taipower has ' - developed pre-operational tests for systems, subsystems, and components related to safety and to ascertain whether

, the results of such tests demonstrate that the. plant is ready for operation.

e Startup Test!.ng - To verify that the tests conducted under both transient and operating conditions demonstrate satisfactorily Council requirements as delineated in the FSAR.

e Operation Phase - To verify that the licensee's canagement control system is ef fectfire and the facility is being operated safely and in conformance with regulatory requirements.

. 3.4.5. Coerator Licensing

All nuclear reactor operators and senior operators must be licensed by the Council. Written tests and practice examinations are required. Requirements are similar to those candated by the USNRC. In the case of earlier Taipower nuclear plants, the supplier of the NSSS provided the training specified. In all probability, this arrangement will be forth- coming for the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant.

3.4.6. Licensing Reviews Undertaken

To date the following reports and reviews have been undertaken:

'' e Taipower's Site Selection Repor:, '980

. e Taipower's Project Feasibility Report, 1930

. Taipower's Environ = ental Review for the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant , 1980.

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3.5. STANDARDS RID REGULATIO!!S

Within Taipower, the Office of Nuclear Power Projects, the Atomic Power Department, the Production Department, and the Design and Cons t ruction Depart =ent, are responsible for design criteria and regulatory standards. Guidelines and safeguards generally are those of the USNRC and the IAEA as . established in the Atomic Energy Law (Taiwan) of 1908 (i=plemented 1976),

., and other laws si=ilar to those of the USNRC and the IAEA. These regula- tions per: sin to:

e Law of Compensation for Nt. clear Damage

e Regulations for Nuclear Installation Site Selection e Standards for Radiation Protection

e Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials . Impor: and Peaceful Uses of Special Nuclear Material, Source Material, and Radioactive Isotopes

The differences between USNRC and IAEA guidelines and those of Taiwan are pri=arily procedural in nature.

3. 5.1. Siting

The Atomic Enargy Council's General Criteria for siting is based upon the USNRC reactor site criteria 10 CPR Part 100 and other safety standards established by the Council and the USNRC. USNRC seiscic design guidelines will also be used.

Pacific Engineers and Constructors, Ltd., assisted Taipower in site

. investigations. Site selection studies incladed evaluation of the follow- ing:

*.

. earthquake hazards

e potential for geologic f aulting

40 , .

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e compentent foundation rock

e protection from natural disasters

e availability of large quantities of cooling water e pe rmanent population

. e environmental considerations .

%

. . The IAEA siting mission of 1966 reported the Yenliao site acceptable from geology, seismology, and foundation aspects (Pacific Engineers and Cons tructors , Ltd. , 1980) .

3.5.2. Environmental

The following discussion is drawn pri=arily from the Environmental Review prepared by Pacific Engineers & Constructors (1980). The following environmental laws and regulations in Taiwan are to prevent the degradation of air and water quality and to control waste disposal:

e Wa:er Pollution

Act to Prevent Water Pollution, passed by the Executive Yuan on 2 July 1974, published by the President's order No. 63-1-3040 on 11 July 1974. Implementation of Act to ?revent Water ?ollution, Ministry of Economic Affairs Decree No. 64-12081 dated 29 May 1975; approved by the Executive Yuan per Letter no. 64-4252 dated 9 June 1975. Water Discharge Standards for Factories and Mines, by Taiwan Provincial Government per Decree No. 99321 da:ed 18 Oc:ober 1976.

. Air Pollution

. Act to Prevent Air Pollution, President's Order No. 64-1-2265 dated 23 May 1975. .. Implementation of Act to Preven: Air Pollution, National Health Administration Decree No. 129193 dated 20 October 1976.

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Air Emission Standards for the Taiwan Area, jointly by the Taiwan Provincial Government by Decree No. 2-77845 dated 11 August 1978, and by the Taipei Municipal Government by Decree No. 1-30942 on 21 July 1978.

. Laws to Control Waste Disposal, by the President's Order No. 1-3300 dated 26 July 1974.

.

' - The Council has adopted with modifications the following environmental radiation protection regulations: ' .

* USNRC,10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Numerical Guides for Design Objectives and Limiting Conditions for Operation for Radioactive Materials in Light Water-Cooled Reactor Effluents.

. US NRC, 10 CFR 20, Protec: ion Against Radiation.

. USNRC, 10 CFR 100, Reactor Siting Criteria, including application of an exclusion area, low population zone.

. USNRC R.G.1.21, Measuring, Evaluating and Reporting Radioactivity in Solid Wastes and the Release of Radioactive Materials in Liquid and Gaseous Ef fluents from Light Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants.

. USNRC R.G. 4.2 and 4.8, off-site radiation =onitoring requirements.

Although not available for this CER, the Siting S:udy and Feasibili:y Report prepared by Taipower addresses the environmental aspects of the Yenliao site (personal ce=munication, Mr. W. V. Coane, Bechtel Power Corp., 1980). The environmental repo rt s prepared fer the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant by Pacific Engineers and Constructors, although not as detailed as comparable U.S. reports nevertheless investigated similar aspects.

3.5.3. F.ce rcen cy Plans

.

, . An emergency plan will be written and included in the PS AR (expected October 1981; personal communication, Mr. W. V. Coane, Bechtel Power Corp. , 1980). The emeraency plan will be based upon the US Code of Federal Regula- tions requirements developed by USNRC.

42 . .

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3.5.4. Operator Licensing

Taipower is responsible for training operators to meet the standards imposed by the Council. These standards are similar to those candated by the USNRC. It is expected that the NSSS vendor will provide the proper curriculum to meet standards through classroom instruction, labs, seminars, . ~ etc. ' a

. 3.5.5. Quality Assurance

USMRC guidelines apply. Taipower, in preparing its PSAR, will address quality assurance issues in detail.

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e

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4.0. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chaffee, Frederick, et al. 1969. Area handbook for the Republic of China. Foreign Area Stucles of the American University. p. 7-9.

Energy Research & Development Administration. 1976. US Nuclear Power * - Export Activities. Final Environmental Statement, Volume 1. National Technical Infor ation Se rvice,' Springfield VA.

.

Ho , C. S. 1971. The tertiary basins of Taiwan. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Taiwan, Decenber 1971. p.-52.

Ho, C. S. 1976. Foothill tectonics of Taiwan. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Taiwan, No. 25, July 1976. p. 9-27.

Hsu, I., Kien:le, J., Scharon, L., and Sun, S. 1966. Paleccagnetic investigation of Taiwan igneous rocks. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Taiwan, No.17, September 1966. p. 22-79.

Hsu, T. L. 1974. Fluvial landforms of northern Taiwan and their neutectonic significance. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Taiwan, Mo. 24, October 1974 p.109-117.

International Atocic Energy Agency. 1980. Site selection and evaluation for nuclear power plaats with respect to popula: ion distribution; a saf ety guide. IAEA Safety Guides, No. 50-S0-54 Vienna, Austria. 51 p.

Jen, L.,and G. Fong. 1964 Geology and coal resources of the northern coastal area of Taiwan. Bulletin of the GeoloSical Survey of Taiwan, . No. 15, Ma rch 1964. p. 1-23.

* . Pacific Engineers & Constructors, Ltd. 1980. Taiwan Power Company, environnental review for the fourth nuclear power pian: (units 7 5 8). Variously paged. 44 . .

. .

Sih, Paul K. T. n.d. Taiwan in codern times. Asia in the Modern k'orld Serics, No. 13. p. 16- 18.

Shais, S. C. and C. 1. Shieh, n.d.a. Siting of nuclear power plants in Taiwan. p. 401-416 of Volume I. International Symposium on Nuclear Power Technology and Economics. .

,

d Taipower. , 1979. Annual report. Taipei, Rep islic of China. 32,.

Taiwan Power Company. 1979. Taipower & its development. Taipei, Republic of China. 52 p.

York, James E. 1976. Quaternary faul' g in eastern Taiwan. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Taiwan. -s. 25, July 1976. p. 6 3-72.

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9

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b . .

s .

ADDENDUM I TO CONCISE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW NUCLEAR ?OWER UNITS 7 AND 8 ON TAIWAN

Subsequent to the information obtained and summarized in

section 1.3, pages 4-5, of this report, additional pertinent , data was received from Combustion Engineering, In c. A partial list of Combustion Engineering nuclear power plz.nts of similar design and type (PWR) is as follows:

Plant No. of Units Commercial Operation

Arkansas 1 1980 Nuclear I, Unit 2

Maine Yankee 1 1972

Palisades 1 1971

Calvert Cliffs 2 1975, 1977

St. Lucie 1 1976

Millstone Point 1 1975 Unit 2

The first of thirteen Combustion Engineering, approximately 950 MWe PWR's, known as CE " System 80" design is scheduled to go into operation during 19 83.

12/12/90 * .

jtoDerg bbb - O b[[ ! Os ( UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY k e W AsHIN GTON, D.C. 20460 % *ac W December 5, 1980

O F FIC E, O F INTERN ATION AL ACTIVITIES

%

Mr. Gerard F. Helfrich

OES/NEC - Room 4327A , Department of State

Washington, D. C. 20520 ___

Dear Mr. Helfrich: You have asked for the Environmental Protection Agency's comments on,the concise environmental review (CER) prepared for Taiwan Nuclear Power Units 7 and 8. I would like to underscore, in this letter, some of our major areas of concern with the environmental document. A more detailed analysis of the document will be provided next week.

Our primary concern relates to the environmental document's inadequate treatment of possible effects of the export on the global commons. The document places heavy reliance on ERDA 1542, the 1976 Final Environmental State- ment on U.S. Nuclear Power Export Activities. ERDA 1542 is unsatisfactory in many respects, as EPA noted in detail at the time the document was prepared. Moreover, there has been a significant growth in our understanding of the risks associated with nuclear power in the last four years. It is questionable whether that document provides an accurate reflection of the real situation today.

-- -- The CER does not consider the possible global impacts of direct releases of gaseous radioactive materials to the atmosphere. This is a global commons issue which has received increased attention at the international level recently. In this regard, an CECD Uuclear Energy Agency expert group is studying the potential global significance of four long-lived gaseous effluents arising from operations in the nuclear fuel cycle. The group recently published recommendations on limiting the release of such radioactive materials.

__ , .

. .

- 2-

The disposal of low-level radioactive wastes produced by the prospective power plants is another area not addressed by the CER. Because of the high volume of such wastes pro . duced by a plant, they may constitute a significant risk to public health and the natural environment if not disposed of properly. The problem is intensified for countries,_such as Taiwan, with high population densities and high rainfall, both of which make shallow-land burial of such wastes an unfavorable option. With these uncertainties surrounding low-level waste disposal, ocean dumping may become an increasingly attractive disposal option for Taiwan.

The problem of preventing harm to global commons areas by ocean dumping becomes particularly difficult in the case of a politically ostracized nation such as Taiwan. Existing outside the framework of international cooperative ef forts to protect the global environment, Taiwan has little practical incentive to voluntarily embrace international environmental protection measures. Taiwan has not ratified the London Ocean Dumping Con- vention, the primary global mechanism for regulating the deliberate disposal of wastes at sea, including nuclear wastes. The London Convention prohibits the ocean dumping of high level radioactive wastes as defined by the IAEA and requires compliance with IAEA Recommendations on dumping low level wastes. Although, at present, very few nations ocean dump radioactive wastes, it is essential that prospective dumpers understand that such activities must be carried out in compliance with all appropriate international rules. Widespread acceptance of ?.his principle can serve to greatly reduce any incencive to engage in " pirate" dumping activities outside the framework of internaticnal controls. In this regard, EPA strongly urges that cenpliance with all London Convention provisions dealing with the sea disposal of radioactive wastes be made a basic requirement of any nuclear export by the United States.

We are also concerned that local environmental effects of the proposed export are not adequately addressed in the environmental document. The document's conclusion that thermal, chemical, and radiological discharges would have minimal impact on the local environment is based on scanty local data and on a number of U.S.-specific studies which have little applicability to the operation of a reactor in Taiwan. Moreover, potential problems, such as emergency evacuation, associated with siting a nuclear power plant in an area of such high population density and susceptibility to typhoons and flooding are noc adequately addressed. . . .

. .

-3-

Finally, I would note that the CER briefly discusses Taiwan's increased demand for electricity, and its overall energy goals including reduction in costs and a diversification of energy resources. At the same time, the environmental document seems to uncritically assume thats the nuclear export in question is consistent with these goals. No consideration is given to a risk-benefit analysis to weigh the putative advantages of nuclear power against other, alternative, energy sources. We believe such a comparative risk-benefit analysis should be undertaken giving special attention to the particular social, political, economic and environmental features of Taiwan.

I hope you find these comments helpful. Please let me know if I can provide any further assistance.

Sincerely, * . m / . _/ - / / Alan B. Sielen EPA Representative to the NSC Ad Hoc Group on Non-Proliferation s e* er UCG ~ U :..s a * * 1 / ,s '.' - NV # 0 * * * GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE . +A ,' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE \,%,,@ / Wasn:ng ::n, C.C. 2:220

DEC 9 1580

. Mr. Gerard F. Helfrich Director, Office of Export

and Import Control, Nuclear , Energy and Energy Technology Division, Bureau of. Oceans and International Environmental

and Scientific Aff airs, . Department of State Wa shing ton , D.C. 20520

Dear Mr. Helfrich:

This is in response to your memorandum of November 6, 1980 requesting comments from the Department of Commerce on the " Concise Invironmental Review, Fourth Nuclear Power Plant, Units Seven and Eight on Taiwan" prepared f or the Department of State by WAPO?.A, INC. The following items represent our comments: 1. The section on seismic activity notes that many " major f aults exist in the site area" and that " Taiwan has experienced many earthquakes, some of which have been severe." The section goes on to say, however, that recently completed studies ind ica te that the site is seismically and microseismically quiet, and that there is no evidence that any of these faults are " capable" faults. There is nc way we can assess the reliability of these conclusions in view of the observations made and information provided in this section.

2. The section en groundwater notes that no site specific data on groundwater resources were available, and, therefore, an evaluation of possible impacts can be made only generally: "The eff ects of a spill contaminating groundwater at the site would most likely aff ect the groundwater locally, and between the site and the point where groundwater discharges into the ocean." In view of the impacts such an occurrence could produce, we view this " evaluation" inadequate. 3. With regard to radioactive liquid wastes released to the Pacific Ocean, the report states en page 22 that "the wastes will be diluted significantly, with little or no impact en the - . * . i . . -2-

Bay." Yet, on page 27 it is stated that " [ f] ew agautic data that characterize Yenliao Bay en the Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the intake or discharge is available." The obvious discrepancy between conclusion and premise again questions the credibility of the analysis.

Finally, on page 29 it is concluded that "the likelihood of operation of the proposed Fourth Nuclear Power Plant at Yenliao resulting in environmental impacts to the U.S. and the global commons is quite remote." In view of the items noted above and others which time does not permit us to elaborate upon, we cannot concur with this conclusion of the subject document. If you require an amplification of our reservations, we can provide such to you.

Sincerely,

' .- .? '/ h.N,,k /b ! ~ Iannelli N /'.45:ardActing C.Assistant General Counsel for Legislation . .

. .

ADDENDUM II TO CONCISE ENVIRONMENTAL P2 VIEW NUCLEAR POWER UNITS 7 AND 8 ON TAIWAN

Addressing ' comments raised by the Environmental Protection A,gency and the Department of Commerce.

1. Nature of the Document The concise environmental review is a summary document pre-

. pared in accordance with Unified Procedures (44 FR 65560 et Seq.). It is not intended to be detailed nor need extensive evidence be provided in it. In view of foreign policy and non-proliferation considerations, recognized in E. O. 12114 and its accompanying fact sheet (44 FR 1872 31, the concise review, based on available information, is to consider as appropriate the items listed in

Section 8 (b) of the Unified Procedures. The procedures call for a discussion of local impacts " based on a summary review of the literature and other technical information in the possession of the United States Government or otherwise readily available. " The Concise Environmental Review for units 7 and E on Taiwan is based on available information and reflects an appropriate level of detail and documentation for such a document.

2. Possible Effects on the Global Commons The analysis of the impact of nuclear units 7 and 8 on the

U.S. and global commens is not based solely upn EROA-1542 which concluded that the impact of 1000 GWe of worldwide nuclear power capacity operating overseas would be negligible. - .

. .

. -2-

This CER is based on the same factors and documents that the

NRC considered in its May 6, 1980, decision on exports to the

Philippines (CU-80-14 and 15). This analysis was based inter alia

on the generic analysis in ERDA-1542, the Liquid Pathways Generic

Study, and the Final Environmental Standard on Floating Nuclear

Plants. In the Philippine case, the NRC found such analysis

satisfied all statutory requirements and concluded that the impacts

upon U.S. territory or the global commons would not be unacceptably

adverse. In litigation concerning the Philippine case, the United

States Government has taken the position that this environmental

review constituted " full compliance" with any applicable legal

requirements (Brief for Respondent United States of America,

July 1980, in Natural Resources Defense Council v. Nuclear Reculatory

Commission, No. 80-1477, D.C. Cir.). In view of this, it is be- lieved that the analysis in the Concise Environmental Review for

units 7 and 8 on Taiwan is fully adequate and that EPA's ccmments

are misplaced.

3. Possible Releases to the Atmosphere various protective features are being considered for inclu-

sion in the reactor design including special ventilation and

filtration equipment which wculd reduce the quantities of airborn

radiciodine releases to such low levels that they will have

negligible global impact. The authorities on Taiwan do abide by

NRC standards on effluent le ve ls . . .

. .

-3-

4. Low-Level Waste Disposal

Low-level radioactive wastes will be solidified in 55 gallen steel drums and stored in a specially designed on site building for three years. Following this it will be shipped to an of f- shore island for long-term storage in a specially designed facility.

5. Ocean Dumpine

There is no evidence that the authorities -on Taiwan are not

. adhering to the standards set forth in the London Ocean Dumping

Convention. As a policy matter, the United States encourages nations to accept these standards. However, as a legal matter, adherence to the convention is not a mandatory expert requirement.

Y.creover, current political conditions would make it impossible for the authorities on Taiwan to have an instrument purporting to adhere to the convention accepted.

6. Seismic Activity

The CER notes that while Taiwan in general is a seismically active region the Yenliao site has been demonstrated to possess relatively low seismicity. Also, while there are many faults in the site area, there is no evidence of major faulting within

1 km of the site. Additionally, there is no evidence that any of the faults in the vicinity of the site are " capable" - Carbon-14 dating tests have determined that there has been nc movement in .

. .

_4 -

,

one of these younger f aults in more than 27,000 years. Seismic and microseismic monitoring of the site is continuing and the results will be used in establishing the final seismic criteria

for the plant.

7. Local Environmental Effects

. This is a Concise Environmental Review, not an Environmental

Impact Statement. Accordingly, the CER attemots to identify significant areas of potential environmental concern and assess

the capability and intent of the applicant and pertinent regula- tory authorities to adequately take these concerns into account

in the design and cperation of the plant. Regarding the Department of Commerce's comments on the

effects of radioactive discharges on groundwater and Yenliao Say,

the following points are pertinent. As the CER states, no site

specific data on groundwater were available, therefore, in accord-

ance with E.O. 12114 the discussion on this subject is limited to

the information actually available. The statement quoted by Com- merce about the local effects of a spill is intended to show that,

based on available topographic and geologic information, the most

likely ficw of contaminated groundwater in the event of a spill

would be from the reactor site to the ocean and therefore of limited impact. With regard to the effect of low-level radio-

activity contained in condenser cooling water, the CER notes that,

due to the size of the bay and the quantity of discharge water, - .

. .

-5-

the dilution will be such that there should be little or no impact

on the bay. The report further notes that few aquatic data char- acterizing the vicinity of the intake and discharge points are

presently available. This information is currently being obtained

and will be used in designing and locating the discharge system. Overall, we believe that local environmental effects are

adequately covered by the concise environmental review, and that

the coverage is in accordance with Section 8 (b) of the Unified Procedures (44 FR 65552).

8. Risk-Benefit Analysis of Taiwan's Enercy Siruation & Goals

Neither the E.O. 12114 of January 4, 1979, nor the Unified Procedures of November 13, 1979, (Section 8(b), 44 FR 65562)

require or contemplate that a risk-benefit evaluation be carried

out in a concise environmental review. The choice of energy

sources is an internal matter for the authorities on Taiwan and it would not be appropriate for the U.S. to review this matter

in a concise environmental review. Any such review could have

serious political consequences.

12/11/30 .

. .

. , DEC - i .~ .L #wi e -n .y n %'.. M D e .# % var =#" Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 November 26, 1980

.

MEMORANDUM FOR Gerald F. Helfrich, #S/NEC

FROM: Harold D. Benge Director for Nu arhffairs International Nuclear and Technical Programs

SUBJECT: Concise Environmental Review Fourth Nuclear Power Plant, Units 7 & S, Taiwan

The Department of Energy has reviewed the subject document and

finds that it meets the requirements for such reviews as pro-

vided in the " Unified Procedures Applicable to Major Federal

Actions Relating to Nuclear Facilities Subject to Executive

Order 12114."

cc: M. Crosland, OGC R. Stern, EV . . ;/ 9 A ,2,-E ~ * ' ,( ga nog)o, UNITED STATES y 7, e j NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ;' E WASHINGTON, D. C. 20555 a . !

%, '..... & . wi -

.

Mr. Gerard F. Helfrich, Director Office of Nuclear Export / Import Control OES/NEC (Room 4327A) Department of State Washington, D.C. 20520 Dear Mr. Helfrich:

This is in response to your memorandum of November6 ', 1980 requesting Agency corrnents on the concise review of environmental issues relating to the export of nuclear power plants to Taiwan. In accordance with previous NRC practice in connection with such environmental reviews, we shall have no formal connents to make on this report at this time. The report will, however, be made available to the Commission as part of the NRC staff paper on the Taiwan export case,which will be prepared as soon as the Executive Branch judgment on the case is received by us. Sincerely,

,

J _s R. Shea, Director Office of International Programs , . . . i e -.*n * . ,,, ......

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roucy 26 November 1980

Mr. Gerard F. Helfrich OES/ NET /IN Department of State Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Helfrich:

This is to < onfirm r y earlier telephor,e call to Robin De la Barre in which

I conveyed the Department of Defense's concurrence in the Environmental Document for Taiwan Nuclear Power Units 7 and 8, sent to us under cover of

your 6 November 1980 memorandum.

Sincerely,

' ~

Michael u. Macdonald Assistant for Negotiations ODUSD(Policy P1anning) cc: Atomic Energy (Mr. J. Morrison) MRAr,L (George Marienthal)

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?? . . " . .Y...... e. .. Mr. Gerard F. Helfrich . .._Z6 Bureau of Oceans and International Environ = ental @@j and Scientific Affairs gj==

Depart.ent of State ...... Washington, D.C. 20520 ME;EE z:n.:.:-2..:.~-- Dear Sir: . . . . . ::.= We have reviewed the Envirec= ental Docu=ent for

' -...... Taiwan Nuclear Power Units 7 and 8, and have no ec==ents. ::::.-- Very t,21y yours , = e # ' i 555.h [ , f . . /w% .. T.:.^. c 4s-x .. :: John A. Brois M.If Chief Engineer =m. . . - .v.

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