DOCSLIB.ORG

Working with Computers, Constructing a Developing Country: Introducing, Using, Building, and Tinkering with Computers in Cold War Taiwan, 1959-1984

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Working with Computers, Constructing a Developing Country: Introducing, Using, Building, and Tinkering with Computers in Cold War Taiwan, 1959-1984 WORKING WITH COMPUTERS, CONSTRUCTING A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: INTRODUCING, USING, BUILDING, AND TINKERING WITH COMPUTERS IN COLD WAR TAIWAN, 1959-1984 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Hong-Hong Tinn January 2012 © 2012 Hong-Hong Tinn WORKING WITH COMPUTERS, CONSTRUCTING A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: INTRODUCING, USING, BUILDING, AND TINKERING WITH COMPUTERS IN COLD WAR TAIWAN, 1959-1984 Hong-Hong Tinn, Ph. D. Cornell University 2012 This dissertation uses a developing country’s appropriation of mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers as a lens for understanding the historical relationships between the digital electronic computing technology, the development discourse underlying the Cold War, and the international exchanges of scientific and technological expertise in the context of the Cold War. It asks why and how, during the Cold War, Taiwanese scientists, engineers, technocrats, and ordinary users—all in a so-called developing country—introduced digital electronic computing to Taiwan and later built computers there. To answer the why question, I argue that these social groups’ perceptions of Taiwan’s developmental status shaped their perceptions of the importance of possessing, using, and manufacturing computers. As for the how question, I propose that Taiwanese computer users modeled their practices after the existing successful practices of using mainframe computers and later started to build and tinker with minicomputers and microcomputers. The beginning chapter of this dissertation discusses that a group of Taiwanese engineers, technocrats, and scientists advocated the introduction of ‘electronics science’ and digital electronic computing from the United States to Taiwan for expanding the industrial sector of Taiwan’s economy in the late 1950s. Their efforts resulted in a UN technical-aid program, in which National Chiao-Tung University’s (NCTU) professors, students, and technicians worked with two US visiting professors to set up a computing center, equipped with an IBM 650 and an IBM 1620 computer, at the NCTU campus from 1962 to 1964 (chapter 3). Chapter 4 analyzes how, in 1964, a Cornell econometrician relied on NCTU’s 1620 computer to form an economic- planning project for a Taiwanese government agency. Chapter 5 discusses a project in which a NCTU graduate program planned to build a minicomputer from scratch from 1968 to 1971, despite being able to buy a minicomputer from various US suppliers. Chapter 6 explores two intriguing phenomena that surfaced between 1980 and 1984: why many of Taiwan’s computer users preferred to build their own microcomputers and how this preference initiated a series of debates about whether legal institutions allowed Taiwanese companies to make Apple compatibles. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Honghong Tinn was born in Taipei, Taiwan in 1978. She received a B.A. in sociology and a M.A. in journalism from National Taiwan University, in 2000 and 2002, respectively. While studying and working at National Taiwan University, her research focused on resource mobilization in Taiwanese social movements, Taiwanese online news websites at the moment of the Dot-com bust, the social image of Internet cafes in Taiwan, and Taiwanese teenagers’ clan culture in online role-playing games. In 2005, she enrolled at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, where she studied under Ron Kline. While at Cornell, she turned her college hobby—putting together computer parts to build and fix personal computers—into a dissertation about the history of Cold War digital electronic computing in Taiwan. During the academic year 2008-2009, she was a visiting student at the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. She is a member of two Special Interest Groups in the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT): Computers, Information, and Society and the SHOT Asia Network. In 2012, she will take a postdoctoral fellowship at National University of Singapore. iii For My Parents iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without help from many individuals and institutions. I am first and foremost grateful to the members of my committee. Their continued interest in my research has been one of the most important supports in my effort to complete this dissertation. Ron Kline has offered insightful comments, practical advice, and unyielding encouragement throughout this project’s early stages and the research and writing stages that followed. Over numerous semesters, when both Ron and I were in town, we met for perhaps one hour weekly or bi-weekly if possible; the kernel of many ideas and arguments in the following pages first emerged in the notes I took when meeting with him. I am grateful for his consideration of and feedback on not only this dissertation’s multiple drafts but also my unpolished, random thoughts that never made their way onto the final printed pages here. Trevor Pinch and Suman Seth have brought their distinctive expertise and perspective to this project. They served as the inspiration for different sections of this dissertation. Trevor’s wisdom was an invaluable source in my discovery of this project’s focuses, and his sharp analyses guided me to polish my disorganized ideas. Suman’s engagement with my research was critical in keeping me on solid ground as I developed, structured, and completed this dissertation; I know that I benefited enormously from discussions with him, and invariably looked forward to his provocative comments during meetings. Although Sara Pritchard joined my committee as the field-appointed reader only several months before my dissertation’s completion, she had been offering me her critically insightful comments and encouragement for many years. I was extremely fortunate to have the opportunity to work with my v committee members. During the various stages of this project, members of the Department of Science & Technology Studies at Cornell gave me helpful comments and warm support. I extend special thanks to Stephen Hilgartner, Rachel Prentice, Michael Lynch, Christine Leuenberger, Margaret Rossiter, and Rachel Maines. I must acknowledge that Debbie Van Galder and Stacey Stone provided impeccable administrative support throughout the past years. I thank Aminda Smith and Marge Kline for their encouragement throughout the different stages of my graduate career. In addition to Cornell’s S&TS department, I thank the following scholars for their reading of excerpts of this dissertation or their related comments on different occasions: Suzanne Moon, Jeffrey R. Yost, Thomas J. Misa, William Aspray, Atsushi Akera, James W. Cortada, Chigusa Kita, Jessica Ratcliff, Corinna Schlombs, Joseph A. November, Mara Mills, Cristina Turdean, Patricia Galloway, Tae-Ho Kim, John Krige, Jacob Darwin Hamblin, John P. DiMoia, Kenji Ito, Stuart W. Leslie, Nelly Oudshoorn, Sungook Hong, Tsukahara Togo, Takashi Nishiyama, Fa-ti Fan, Hiromi Mizuno, Zuyoue Wang, Jessica Wang, Wen-Hua Kuo, Chia-Ling Wu, Tsui-Hua Yang, Sean Hsiang-lin Lei, and Pin-Yen Lin. I gratefully acknowledge my informants for their trust and patience. They kindly shared with me their invaluable memories, personal letters, and photographs, and gave me suggestions about how I might proceed with this dissertation. Truth be told, each of their stories deserves its own entire chapter, so I do not exaggerate when I state that vi their input in my research was a necessary condition for my completion of this dissertation. Many librarians and archivists offered their professional assistance during my research trips. Much appreciated are Stephanie H. Crowe at the Charles Babbage Institute (the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), Meiyi Hong at the National Chiao-Tung University Library, Chang-Wai Yang at National Taiwan University’s Documentation Division, and archivists at the Institute of Modern History (Academia Sinica, Taiwan), the National Archives at College Park, (Maryland), and the United Nations Archives and Records Management Section, United Nations (New York City). I wish to acknowledge the following grants and fellowships that supported the research and writing of this dissertation: the Adelle and Erwin Tomash Graduate Fellowship (Charles Babbage Institute), a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant (award no. 0847981, National Science Foundation), a research grant from Stephen Hilgartner’s research project entitled “Studying Emerging Technologies: Empirical Research in a Speculative Space” (award no. NSF-SES- 0352000, National Science Foundation), and the Michael S. Mahoney and the MIT Press Graduate Student Travel Award (the Special Interest Group on Computers, Information, and Society, the Society for the History of Technology). The Society for the History of Technology’s conference-travel grants have been of great help in affording me opportunities to meet and talk with scholars about this dissertation. Grants and fellowships from the following institutions at Cornell University facilitated the completion of this dissertation: the Ta Chung & Ya Chao Liu Memorial Award, vii C.V. Starr Fellowships (East Asia Program), the Hu Shih Memorial Awards (East Asia Program), a Humanities Interdisciplinary Dissertation Writing Group grant (Society for the Humanities), a Graduate Reading Group grant (Institute for Comparative Modernities), and a Graduate School Research Travel Grant. I gratefully acknowledge the Department of Science & Technology Studies for awarding me Sage
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guangdong-Guangxi War & Sun Yat-Sen's Return to Canton
    Sun Yat-sen's Return To Canton After Expelling Gui-xi by Ah Xiang Excerpts from “Tragedy of Chinese Revolution” at http://www.republicanchina.org/revolution.html For updates and related articles, check http://www.republicanchina.org/RepublicanChina-pdf.htm In Southern Chinese Province of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen and Chen Jiongming would be entangled in the power struggles. (Liu Xiaobo mistakenly eulogized Chen Jiongming's support for so-called "allying multiple provinces for self-determination" as heralding China's forerunner federationist movement.) Yue-jun (i.e., Guangdong native army), headed by Chen Jiongming, was organized on basis of Zhu Qinglan's police/guard battalions in Dec of 1917. To make Chen Jiongming into a real military support, Sun Yat-sen originally dispatched Hu Hanmin and Wang Zhaoming to Governor Zhu Qinglan for making Chen Jiongming into the so-called "commander of governor's bodyguard column". Governor Zhu Qinglan was forced into resignation by Governor-general Chen Bingkun of Gui-xi faction (i.e., Guangxi Province native army that stationed in Guangdong after the republic restoration war). Sun Yat-sen asked Cheng Biguang negotiate with Lu Rongding for relocation of Chen Bingkun and assignment of twenty battalions of Zhu Qinglan's police/guard army into 'marines' under the command of Cheng Biguang's navy. On Dec 2nd of 1917, Chen Jiongming was conferred the post of "commander of Guangdong army for aiding Fujian Province" and was ordered to lead 4000-5000 'marine' army towards neighboring Fujian Province where he expanded his army and developed it into his private warlord or militarist forces.
    [Show full text]
  • No.9 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter June 1990
    [Last updated: 28 April 1992] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- No.9 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter June 1990 This NEWSLETTER is edited by Gehan Wijeyewardene and published in the Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies; printed at Central Printery; the masthead is by Susan Wigham of Graphic Design (all of The Australian National University ).The logo is from a water colour , 'Tai women fishing' by Kang Huo Material in this NEWSLETTER may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement. Correspondence is welcome and contributions will be given sympathetic consideration. (All correspondence to The Editor, Department of Anthropology, RSPacS, ANU, Box 4 GPO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.) Number Nine June 1990 ISSN 1032-500X The International Conference on Thai Studies, Kunming 1990 There was some question, in the post Tien An Men period, as to whether the conference would proceed. In January over forty members of Thammasart University faculty issued an open letter to the organizers, which in part read, A meeting in China at present would mean a tacit acceptance of the measures taken by the state, unless there will be an open critical review. Many north American colleagues privately expressed similar views. This Newsletter has made its views on Tien An Men quite clear, and we can sympathize with the position taken by our colleagues. Nevertheless, there seems to be some selectivity of outrage, when no word of protest was heard from some quarters about the continuing support given by the Chinese government to the murderous Khmer Rouge. This does not apply to the Thai academic community, sections of which were in the vanguard of the movement to reconsider Thai government policy on this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? a Study of Early Contacts Between Indo-Iranians and Chinese
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 216 October, 2011 Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? A Study of Early Contacts between Indo-Iranians and Chinese by ZHANG He Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Organization & Architecture Eie
    COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE EIE 411 Course Lecturer: Engr Banji Adedayo. Reg COREN. The characteristics of different computers vary considerably from category to category. Computers for data processing activities have different features than those with scientific features. Even computers configured within the same application area have variations in design. Computer architecture is the science of integrating those components to achieve a level of functionality and performance. It is logical organization or designs of the hardware that make up the computer system. The internal organization of a digital system is defined by the sequence of micro operations it performs on the data stored in its registers. The internal structure of a MICRO-PROCESSOR is called its architecture and includes the number lay out and functionality of registers, memory cell, decoders, controllers and clocks. HISTORY OF COMPUTER HARDWARE The first use of the word ‘Computer’ was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculation or computation. A brief History: Computer as we all know 2day had its beginning with 19th century English Mathematics Professor named Chales Babage. He designed the analytical engine and it was this design that the basic frame work of the computer of today are based on. 1st Generation 1937-1946 The first electronic digital computer was built by Dr John V. Atanasoff & Berry Cliford (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer named colossus was built for military. 1946 – The first general purpose digital computer- the Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer (ENIAC) was built. This computer weighed 30 tons and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which were used for processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Settler Nationalism and Hero Narratives in a 2001 Exhibition of Taiwan Aboriginal Artefacts
    Aborigines Saved Yet Again: Settler Nationalism and Hero Narratives in a 2001 Exhibition of Taiwan Aboriginal Artefacts by Mark Eric Munsterhjelm BA, Carleton University, 1992 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Indigenous Governance Program We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard _________________________________________________ Dr. Jeff Corntassel, Supervisor (Indigenous Governance Program) _________________________________________________________________ Dr. Avigail Eisenberg, Departmental Member (Department of Political Science) _________________________________________________________________ Dr. Matt James, Outside Member (Department of Political Science) _________________________________________________________________ Dr. James Tully, External Examiner (Department of Political Science) © Mark Munsterhjelm, 2004 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii ABSTRACT Drawing upon field work, mass media accounts, and Canadian government internal documents, this thesis considers how settler/Aboriginal power relations were reproduced when Taiwan Aboriginal artefacts owned by the Royal Ontario Museum were used in a 2001 exhibition in Taipei to commemorate the centennial of the death of the Taiwanese nationalist hero, George Leslie Mackay (1844-1901). I argue that this exhibition and related Taiwan-Canada state Aboriginal exchanges
    [Show full text]
  • 2016-2017 CCKF Annual Report
    2016-2017 INTRODUCTION The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange (the Foundation) was established in 1989 in memory of the outstanding achievements of the late President of the Republic of China, Chiang Ching- kuo (1910-1988). The Foundation’s mission is to promote the study of Chinese culture and society, as well as enhance international scholarly exchange. Its principal work is to award grants and fellowships to institutions and individuals conducting Sinological and Taiwan-related research, thereby adding new life to Chinese cultural traditions while also assuming responsibility for the further development of human civilization. Operational funds supporting the Foundation’s activities derive from interest generated from an endowment donated by both the public and private sectors. As of June 1, 2017, the size of this endowment totaled NT$3.62 billion. The Foundation is governed by its Board of Directors (consisting of between 15 and 21 Board Members), as well as 3 Supervisors. Our central headquarters is located in Taipei, Taiwan, with a regional office near Washington D.C. in McLean, Virginia. In addition, the Foundation currently maintains four overseas centers: the Chiang Ching-kuo International Sinological Center at Charles University in Prague (CCK-ISC); the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Inter-University Center for Sinology at Harvard University (CCK-IUC); the Chinese University of Hong Kong – Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Asia-Pacific Centre for Chinese Studies (CCK-APC); and the European Research Center on Contemporary Taiwan – A CCK Foundation Overseas Center at Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (CCKF-ERCCT). There are also review committees for the five regions covering the geographic scope of the Foundation’s operations: Domestic, American, European, Asia-Pacific and Developing.
    [Show full text]
  • Lynn Conway Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Emerita University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110 [email protected]
    IBM-ACS: Reminiscences and Lessons Learned From a 1960’s Supercomputer Project * Lynn Conway Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Emerita University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110 [email protected] Abstract. This paper contains reminiscences of my work as a young engineer at IBM- Advanced Computing Systems. I met my colleague Brian Randell during a particularly exciting time there – a time that shaped our later careers in very interesting ways. This paper reflects on those long-ago experiences and the many lessons learned back then. I’m hoping that other ACS veterans will share their memories with us too, and that together we can build ever-clearer images of those heady days. Keywords: IBM, Advanced Computing Systems, supercomputer, computer architecture, system design, project dynamics, design process design, multi-level simulation, superscalar, instruction level parallelism, multiple out-of-order dynamic instruction scheduling, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, VLSI design. 1 Introduction I was hired by IBM Research right out of graduate school, and soon joined what would become the IBM Advanced Computing Systems project just as it was forming in 1965. In these reflections, I’d like to share glimpses of that amazing project from my perspective as a young impressionable engineer at the time. It was a golden era in computer research, a time when fundamental breakthroughs were being made across a wide front. The well-distilled and highly codified results of that and subsequent work, as contained in today’s modern textbooks, give no clue as to how they came to be. Lost in those texts is all the excitement, the challenge, the confusion, the camaraderie, the chaos and the fun – the feeling of what it was really like to be there – at that frontier, at that time.
    [Show full text]
  • 6.0.119 Plot Subroutine for FORTRAN with Format 1620-FO
    o o o DECK KEY PLOT SUBROUTlNE 1. FORTRAN Plot Demonstration Deck to Read FOR FORTRAN Values from and Compute the Sine, Cosine WITH FORMAT and Natural Log (1620-FO-004 Version 1) 2. Plot Subroutine Program Deck 3. Plot Subroutine Source Deck 4. Plot Subroutine Demonstration Data Deck Author: Edward A. VanSchaik IBM Corporation 370 W. First Street Dayton, Ohio . "7 Plot Subroutine for FORTRAN with Format (1620-FO-OO4 Version 1) Author: Edward A. VanSchaik IDM Corporation Plot Subroutine of IBM 1620 FORTRAN with Format 3'70 West First Street Dayton 2, Ohio INTRODUCTION Direct Inquiries To: Author Since many IBM 1620 applications are in areas where a rough plot of the results can be quite useful, it was felt that a subroutine incorporated into A. Purpose/Description: This program presents a subroutine which can be FORTRAN was necessary. GOTRAN provides a statement for plotting easily used in FORTRAN for plotting single or multiple curves without requiring a separate program and a knowledge of GOTRAN language. This the GOTRAN problem of determining which curve has the lower magnitude. write-up presents a subroutine which can be easily used in FORTRAN for Also this method can be used to generate the curves on cards for off-line plotting single or multiple curves without the GOTRAN problem of detf;'lr­ printing. mining which curve has the lower magnitude. Also this method can be used to generate the curves on cards for off-line printing. B. Method: N/A METHOD OF USE C. Restrictions and Range: Normally a range of 0-'70 should be the limitation for typewriter output since the carriage can handle only 80 to 85 positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Jade Huang and Chinese Culture Identity: Focus on the Myth of “Huang of Xiahoushi”
    Journal of Literature and Art Studies, June 2016, Vol. 6, No. 6, 603-618 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2016.06.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Jade Huang and Chinese Culture Identity: Focus on the Myth of “Huang of Xiahoushi” TANG Qi-cui, WU Yu-wei Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China This paper focus on the myth of “Huang of Xiahoushi” (夏后氏之璜), focusing on the distribution of Jade Huang (玉璜) since the early neolithic and its process of pluralistic integration. The paper explores the story of ethnic group, cultural identification and the significance of Jade Huang in the discourse construction of etiquette civilization behind the mythic narrative based on multi-evidence method and the local meaning of literature in ancient Chinese context. Keywords: Jade Huang, Huang of Xiahoushi, unified diversity, Chinese identity, etiquette civilization, multi-evidence method Introduction Modern archeological relics including potteries, jades and bronzes bring back the lost history; the process of how Chinese unified diversity took shape in general and the great tradition of jade culture in eight thousand in particular. The handed-down documents echo each other at a distance provide solid evidences for the origin of civilization of rite and music and the core values based on jade belief. Jade Huang is an important one of it. It is illuminated by numerous records about Jade Huang in ancient literature, as well as a large number of archaeology findings past 7,000 years. The paper seeks to focus on the following questions: what is the function of Jade Huang in historic and prehistoric period? Moreover, what is the function of “Huang of Xiahoushi”, which belonged to emperor and symbolized special power in historic documents and myths and legends in ancient china? Jade Huang: Etiquette and Literature Jade Huang (Yu Huang, Semi-circular/annular Jade Pendant) is a type of jade artifact which is seemed to be remotely related to etiquette and literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients (Tcmi)
    NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCT TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE INGREDIENTS (TCMI) This monograph is intended to serve as a guide to industry for the preparation of Product Licence Applications (PLAs) and labels for natural health product market authorization. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the medicinal ingredient. Notes By submitting a PLA referencing this monograph, the applicant is attesting that the product will comply fully with the recommended conditions of use outlined in this monograph, including, the conditions found in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) referenced texts (those provided in the reference section below). The conditions of use include methods of preparations, source materials, doses, durations of use, combinations of medicinal ingredients, risk statements, and the theory of TCM. Text in parentheses is additional optional information which can be included on the PLA and product label at the applicant’s discretion. The solidus (/) indicates that the terms and/or the statements are synonymous. Either term or statement may be selected by the applicant. Date June 9, 2015 Medicinal Ingredients Refer to Tables 1 and 2 in Appendix I for lists of acceptable medicinal ingredients. Refer to Table 3 in Appendix I for medicinal ingredients that are only allowable when prepared according to the specifications outlined in the Natural Health Product Ingredients Database (NHPID). Refer to Table 4 in Appendix I for medicinal ingredients excluded from this monograph. Proper name(s) and Common name(s) Refer to Appendix I for lists of acceptable proper name(s) and common name(s). Source material(s) As specified by referenced texts. Brand name(s) Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients − Page 1 of 23 The brand name(s) must not be false or misleading or imply any specific use or purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts on the Transmission Grid for Integrations of Renewable Energy in Taiwan
    1 Impacts on the Transmission Grid for Integrations of Renewable Energy in Taiwan Chyou-Jong Lin, Member, IEEE, Chia-Chi Chu, Member, IEEE Chung-Liang Chang, Senior Member, IEEE, Yuin-Hong Liu, and Yuh-Fa Chuang application. Also, in July, 2009, the government has issued the Abstract--Due to the increasing recognitions in renewable Renewable Energy Development Act with 23 articles and its energy worldwidely, the development of renewable energy has major contents are: (i) to give credits to the total amount of also become major alternative energy resources in Taiwan. This renewable energy in the range of 6,500MW to 10,000MW, (ii) paper presents impact studies on the transmission grid for to establish funds to subsidize renewable energy, (iii) to set up integrations of renewable energy in Taiwan. First, Taiwan’s purchase rates, (iv) to design procurement rates for different renewable energy policy will be briefly reviewed. Recent renewable resources, (v) to give incentives to highly potential developments about integrations of renewable energy in the transmission grid will be presented. Finally, discussions about self-faculties, and (vi) to assist renewable energy owners in impacts on the transmission grid and suggested approaches are acquiring land. concluded. In order to toward the smart grid objective for future Taipower system developments, Taiwan government has Index Terms--Integrations, Transmission Grid, Renewable recently approved Taipower’s seventh transmission and Energy, Wind Power, Solar PV, Low Voltage Ride-Through substation construction plan from 2010 through 2015. One (LVRT). objective of this seventh plan is to enhance system’s stability through seamless integrations of a large-scale of wind power I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study for the Coordination of Education Information and Data Processing from Kindergarten Through College
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 035 317 24 EM 007 717 AUTHOR Keenan, W. W. TTTLR A Study for the Coordination of Education Information and Data Processing from Kindergarten through College. Final Report. INSTITUTION Minnesota National Laboratory, St. Paul. SDONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-8-v-001 PUB DATE Sep 69 GRANT OEG-6-8-008001-0006 NOTE 165p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.75 HC-$8.35 DESCRIPTORS Computer Oriented Programs, *Educational Coordination, Educational Planning, *Electronic Data Processing, Feasibility Studies, Indexing, Institutional Research, *State Programs, *State Surveys ABSTPACT The purpose of this project was to study the feasibility of coordinating educational information systems and associated data processing efforts. A non-profit organization, representing key educational agencies in the state of Minnesota, was established to advise and guide the project. A statewide conference was held under the auspices of the Governor to mobilize interest, to provide and disseminate information, and to do preliminary planning. A status study was conducted which covered all institutions in the state and included hardiare utilized, plans, training of staff and special projects and efforts that might be underway. On the basis of the conference, the status study, and subsequent meetings, a basic overall plan for the coordination and development of information systems in education in the state of Minnesota was completed and disseminated. Appendixes include a report on the conference, the status report, and the resultant state plan. (JY) 4 FINAL REPORT Project No. 8-F-001 Grant No. OEG-6 -8 -008001-0006 A STUDY FOR THE COORDINATION OF EDUCATION INFORMATION AND DATA PROCESSING- FROM KINDERGARTEN THROUGH COLLEGE W.
    [Show full text]