REPORT VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN BRAZIL data for 2018 REPORT VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN BRAZIL data for 2018 REPORT VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN BRAZIL data for 2018 This publication was supported by Rosa Luxemburg Foundation with funds from the Federal Ministry for Economic and German Development Cooperation (BMZ) Support This report is published by the Indigenist Missionary Council (Conselho Indigenista Missionário - Cimi), an entity linked to the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops (Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil - CNBB) www.cimi.org.br PRESIDENT Dom Roque Paloschi VICE PRESIDENT Emília Altini EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Cleber César Buzatto ASSISTANT SECRETARY Gilberto Vieira REPORT Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil – Data for 2018 ISSN 1984-7645 RESEARCH COORDINATION Lúcia Helena Rangel RESEARCH AND DATA SURVEY Cimi Reginal Offices and Cimi Documentation Center ORGANIZATION OF DATA TABLES Eduardo Holanda and Leda Bosi REVIEW OF DATA TABLES Lúcia Helena Rangel and Roberto Antonio Liebgott IMAGE SELECTION Aida Cruz EDITING Patrícia Bonilha LAYOUT Licurgo S. Botelho COVER An aerial survey in June 2018 showed large clearings inside the Karipuna Indigenous Land (RO), with substantial amounts of logs ready to be transported out of the area. The Amazon rainforest is being rapidly destroyed by the blatant invasion of loggers and land grabbers, who have gone as far as turning the Union-owned land into an allotment. Photo: Christian Braga/Greenpeace/Cimi DEDICATION In their journey to defend Indigenous Peoples and report cases of violence against them, many people made their mark in the history of Cimi and indigenism in Brazil. Among them, we pay tribute to one of our founders, Thomas de Aquino Lisboa, welcomed among the Myky people as Jaúka. One of the persons responsible for the “Copernican revolution” that brought the Church close to indigenous peoples, Jaúka left us in March of this year to continue sowing his seed, now in the big fields of heaven. We also wish to thank Nello Rufaldi, a priest who was tireless in his quest to promote inter-religious dialogue among indigenous peoples and went far beyond indigenism by working at the border and denouncing human trafficking as well. We miss their physical presence. But their examples will continue to encourage, inspire and strengthen us in our loyalty to the indigenous cause. Photo: Guilherme Cavalli/Cimi SUMMARY PREFACE CHAPTER II Violence against the Person 9 Violence against indigenous peoples has become institutionalized wounds 73 Abuse of power Dom Roque Paloschi 76 Death threat 78 Various threats 81 Murders INTRODUCTION 87 Involuntary manslaughter 11 Violations have become the rule 89 Aggravated battery rather than the exception in Brazil 91 Ethnic and cultural racism and discrimination Lucia Helena Rangel 95 Attempted murder Roberto Antonio Liebgott 99 Sexual violence against indigenous people in Brazil ARTICLES CHAPTER III Violence resulting from the inaction of public authorities 16 Karipuna and the threat of an imminent genocide 102 General lack of support Laura Vicuña 109 Lack of support for indigenous school education 115 Lack of health care Migration and collective rights: 19 122 Spread of alcohol and other drugs the presence of the Warao people in Brazil 124 Child mortality Luis Ventura 125 Death due to lack of health care Budget execution as an instrument of attack 127 Suicide 24 Cleber César Buzatto The Guarani Mbya: “In the hope of hoping” CHAPTER IV 27 Renato Santana Violence against Free and Semi-Isolated Indigenous Peoples 132 The future of Free Indigenous Peoples is becoming increasingly threatened 135 Lists of Free Indigenous Peoples in Brazil CHAPTER I CHAPTER V Violence against Property Memory and Justice 34 Inaction and delays in land regularization 143 Redress: guardianship crimes and development without respect 53 Conflicts over territorial rights 56 Disseisin, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other ANNEX forms of damage to property 150 Summary of Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 7 REPORT – Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil – Data for 2018 Indigenist Missionary Council (Conselho Indigenista Missionário - Cimi) Photo: Roberto Liebgott/Cimi REPORT – Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil – Data for 2018 8 Indigenist Missionary Council (Conselho Indigenista Missionário - Cimi) PREFACE Violence against indigenous peoples has become institutionalized wounds Dom Roque Paloschi* “The eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and his ears are attentive to their cry” (Psalm 34:15) he Indigenist Missionary Council (CIMI) often exposed to cold weather. They have no prospects denounces, once again, the pain, suffering and for the future. T agony of indigenous peoples caused by acts The North is witnessing a devastating process of of violence committed against them in 2018. Much invasion of indigenous territories, including those that more serious is the realization that these acts are have already been demarcated or ratified. Throughout cumulative and have been systematically promoted the country, nature is being dredged by loggers, miners, and unleashed over decades by individuals and the prospectors, land grabbers and landowners, but greed Brazilian State. We can say with deep sadness that over the Amazon is even more explicit, as seen in proj- violence has been institutionalized in Brazil as a ects that indiscriminately exploit the land and all its government practice. natural assets. Indigenous peoples are victims of the State For some decades, violence against indigenous because through the institutions that represent and peoples has been directly linked to incentives provided exercise political, administrative, legal by the Brazilian government to political and legislative powers, government groups associated with transnational actions are usually driven essentially by Public management economic conglomerates seeking easy and economic interests rather than by indi- “ is biased because huge profits. The federal Executive, Legis- vidual, collective, cultural, social, and its logic is based on lative and Judicial branches are aligned environmental rights. Public manage- private property rather with a business-oriented management ment is biased because its logic is based model through which the foundations on private property rather than on life, than on life, well- are laid for the deregulation of laws that well-being and human dignity. Thus, being and human protect people and the environment, thus millions of people are living in situations dignity. Thus, millions establishing a rationale of broad compe- of poverty, vulnerability, unemployment tition and widespread exploitation of and hopelessness. of people are living in natural resources and populations, who Violence against indigenous people situations of extreme are subjected to the condition of work- is directly related to this context. More- poverty, vulnerability, force or potential consumers of products. over, as it can be seen from the 2018 data unemployment and These economic segments extend their presented in this Report, it is widespread activity to regions that are considered to and occurs from northern to southern hopelessness be less developed but which, in practice, Brazil. The differences lie in its extent. are those that preserve biomes, water Many tribes in the South, Southeast, Midwest and and ”mineral resources, or those that can be added to Northeast regions live mostly in small areas of degraded the unbridled advance of monoculture and large-scale land without minimum living conditions such as sani- ranching. The guiding thread of these sectors is the tation and drinking water, where they starve and are potential for profitability. * President of the Indigenist Missionary Council (CIMI) and archbishop of Porto Velho 9 REPORT – Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil – Data for 2018 Indigenist Missionary Council (Conselho Indigenista Missionário - Cimi) A combination of public and private interests and forests, animals, river springs, in short, all the natural efforts is then established to ensure the legal, structural, assets of this Common Home. Uncontrolled deforesta- economic and social conditions for the use of forests, tion, mining and prospecting take everything away, rivers and lakes, ores and the various forms of power leaving behind only the waste of contaminated and generation. A form of speculative and destructive use, desperate lives. Unless this predatory cycle of global with no commitment to the lives of humans, animals, dimensions is contained, forests will be devastated (as forests, and waters. already shown by maps of environmental degradation The increasing interest in exploiting the Amazon produced through satellite images), the land will be and the widespread devastation of other Brazilian turned into an allotment and handed over for indis- regions that we see today demand a wake-up call. The criminate exploitation. And once the areas are fenced Amazon cannot be converted into a horizon of projected in, all that will be left to indigenous peoples who are still profits and maximum capitalist exploitation in this new there will be, as in the South, the edges of farms and fast-paced, financial-driven colonization cycle with roadsides; or they will have to give up their traditional technologies potentially far more destructive than those ways of life and become manual workers at the service of the past. of capital accumulation. By claiming the demarcation of their