DOCSLIB.ORG

COURSE MANUAL on Marine Fisheries & Mariculture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
COURSE MANUAL on Marine Fisheries & Mariculture COURSE MANUAL on Marine Fisheries & Mariculture Prepared for the Training programme for B.F.Sc students of Central Agricultural University (CAU), Tripura February, 2020 Course conveners Dr. R. Jayakumar., Principal Scientist & Scientist-in- Charge, Dr. V.P. Vipinkumar., Principal Scientist & ATIC Manager, Dr. Johnson, B., Scientist, Shri. M. Sankar, Scientist. ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Mandapam Regional Centre in collaboration with Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC). PREFACE The undergraduate Fisheries Science students are required to know about the inland and marine fisheries. The students from landlocked area are getting rare opportunity to understand the marine fisheries and mariculture activities. Hence, based on the request of the Central Agricultural University (CAU), Tripura as a part of their academic activities, the Director, ICAR-CMFRI, has kindly approved a 10 days in-plant training for B.F.Sc. final year students at the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Mandapam Regional Centre. The training was organized in collaboration with Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC), ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi. A total of 27 B.F.Sc students and a faculty of Central Agricultural University (CAU), Tripura participated in the training programme during 17th to 26th January, 2020. The training emphasized on the skill development of students through hands on training on mariculture activities and field visits to fish landing centres. A course manual was prepared covering the major topics on marine capture fisheries and mariculture. I congratulate all those who have put in their sincere efforts to bring out this manual. Dr. R. Jayakumar Principal Scientist & Scientist-in- Charge Mandapam Regional Centre CONTENTS 1. Marine finfish breeding and seed production with special reference 1 to cobia and silver pompano 2. Fish Reproduction, Reproductive dysfunctions in captivity and 7 Hormonal Induction of Spawning 3. Larviculture of Cobia and Silver Pompano 11 4. Microalgae as live feed 18 5. Rotifers as live feed 38 6. Artemia – The global live feed for aquaculture 54 7. Farming of cobia and silver pompano 59 8. Marine ornamental fish seed production 68 9. Stock enhancement of shrimp resources through sea ranching 75 10. Seaweed Farming and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture 82 (IMTA) 11. Fish Population Genetics and Management of Captive Breeding 88 Populations 12. Marine biodiversity and its conservation methods in Gulf of Mannar 100 and Palk Bay 13. An overview on commercially important pelagic fishery resources of 109 gulf of mannar and palkbay 14. Demersal fishes of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay 116 15. Taxonomy and Biology of commercially important Species of 124 Shrimps, Crabs and Lobsters 16. Seagrass, seaweed and mangrove ecosystem of gulf of mannar and 129 palk bay region CONTENTS 1. Marine finfish breeding and seed production with special reference 1 to cobia and silver pompano 2. Fish Reproduction, Reproductive dysfunctions in captivity and 7 Hormonal Induction of Spawning 3. Larviculture of Cobia and Silver Pompano 11 4. Microalgae as live feed 18 5. Rotifers as live feed 38 6. Artemia – The global live feed for aquaculture 54 7. Farming of cobia and silver pompano 59 8. Marine ornamental fish seed production 68 9. Stock enhancement of shrimp resources through sea ranching 75 10. Seaweed Farming and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture 82 (IMTA) 11. Fish Population Genetics and Management of Captive Breeding 88 Populations 12. Marine biodiversity and its conservation methods in Gulf of Mannar 100 and Palk Bay 13. An overview on commercially important pelagic fishery resources of 109 gulf of mannar and palkbay 14. Demersal fishes of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay 116 15. Taxonomy and Biology of commercially important Species of 124 Shrimps, Crabs and Lobsters 16. Seagrass, seaweed and mangrove ecosystem of gulf of mannar and 129 palk bay region MARINE FINFISH BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COBIA AND SILVER POMPANO G. Tamilmani,A.K. Abdul Nazar, R. Jayakumar, M. Sakthivel, P. Rameshkumar, K.K. Anikuttan, and M. Sankar Mariculture Division, MRC of CMFRI, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu Introduction Since many centuries mankind grows almost all its food on cultivated farm land,as far as this food consists of terrestrial plants and animals.But, when it comes to sea water plants and animals, modern man still continues to collect them from natural sources like his forefathers. Marine animals have always been and still are an important source of protein and minerals in human food. With the rapid increase in human population the demand for sea food will certainly increase. However, production from capture fisheries has stagnated and fisheries cannot expand much further. Further increase in exploitation of the seas will lead to destruction of ecosystems and species extinction. Mariculture - the farming and husbandry of marine plants and animals can augment the marine fish production and can supplement the capture fisheries. One of the major requirements for the establishment of a sustainable mariculture industry is the availability of quality seeds. Seed collection from the wild is unpredictable and cannot be relied upon. The ability to produce viable offspring from captive brood stock can ensure a steady supply of seeds. Countries like Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam have made substantial progress in the development of commercial level seed production technologies of high value finfish suitable for sea farming. In India, the commercial mariculture industry for finfish is in its infancy and the primary technological bottleneck is the lack of commercial-scale hatchery technologies for targeted species.The ICAR –CMFRI is addressing the problem of seed availability through its research on breeding and seed production of several marine species. To date, technologies for breeding and seed production of cobia (Rachycentroncanadum), silver pompano (Trachinotusblochii), orange spotted grouper (Epinepheluscoioides), Indian pompano (Trachinotusmookalee) and pink ear emperor (Lethrinuslentjan) have been developed and are being refined continuously to make them commercially viable. With the expanding interest in aquaculture and the market demand for more diversified species hatchery technology is being developed for an increasing number of species. This chapter aims at giving a general view of the major steps involved in marine finfish breeding and seed production with special emphasis on cobia and silver pompano. Broodstock Collection and handling It is not easy to obtain fully mature broodstock fish directly from the wild and hence broodstock development has to be done in captivity. Fish broodstock may be collected from the wild or captive stock. It is advantageous to collect sub-adults for broodstock development. Larger fishes would have crossed the reproductive age and very small fishes will take longer time to sexually mature. In the case of cobia, fish weighing between 8 to 15 kg could be procured while silver pompano could be procured in weight range of 750 gm to 1.5 kg. Cobia and silver pompano does not have swim bladder as juveniles or adults, and there is no need to vent the fish after capture Page No. 1 Stress should be minimised during capture and handling of broodstock. It is best to collect broodstock fishes from hook & line and trap nets, as they cause minimum stress to the fishes. During transportation, dissolved Oxygen (DO) should be maintained at or above saturation. For handling and transfer, fish are anesthetized with 10-20 ppm clove oil (Aqui- S). Once anesthetized, the fish can be weighed, measured, tagged, sexed and sampled for assessment of sexual maturity. On arrival at the hatchery prophylactic treatment is given to the fishes to reduce the risk of introducing ectoparasites or bacterial diseases into the hatchery facility. Formalin bath (100 ppm) for 2-5min followed by freshwater bath for 5-10 min is normally given. Silver pompano has a high tolerance for freshwater and freshwater bath can be given for more than 15 minutes also without any problem. During the treatment, fishes should be closely monitored. If the fishes suddenly become immobile or if their opercular movements become very slow or if the fishes are turning upside down, they should be immediately transferred to filtered seawater. Broodstock Development The basis for any hatchery operation is the maintenance of a healthy group of sexually mature fish (brooders) conditioned to spawn naturally or in response to hormonal induction. Broodstock development is the vital and time consuming procedure in marine finfish seed production.Good broodstock management involves providing close to natural, non-stressful environmental conditions as well as a nutritious and balanced diet. Generally, broodstock development of marine finfish is being practiced either in sea cages or land-based cement concrete or fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks.Broodstock developed in sea cages are susceptible to changes in the water quality of the cage site, disease problems and impact of harmful algal blooms. Therefore, the broodstock developed in sea cages are not bio-secure. In land based broodstock development systems, continuous flow through is provided with 300-500 % of water exchange for maintaining the water quality. This involves huge expenditure. Further,this exposes the broodstock to varying water quality
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Serranid and Epinephelid Fishes (Perciformes: Serranidae & Epinephelidae) of India
    Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 2021, Volume 38 Checklist of serranid and epinephelid fishes (Perciformes: Serranidae & Epinephelidae) of India AKHILESH, K.V. 1, RAJAN, P.T. 2, VINEESH, N. 3, IDREESBABU, K.K. 4, BINEESH, K.K. 5, MUKTHA, M. 6, ANULEKSHMI, C. 1, MANJEBRAYAKATH, H. 7, GLADSTON, Y. 8 & NASHAD M. 9 1 ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai Regional Station, Maharashtra, India. Corresponding author: [email protected]; Email: [email protected] 2 Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair, India. Email: [email protected] 3 Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, India. Email: [email protected] 4 Department of Science and Technology, U.T. of Lakshadweep, Kavaratti, India. Email: [email protected] 5 Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected] 6 ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre, Andhra Pradesh, India. Email: [email protected] 7 Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Kochi, Kerala, India. Email: [email protected] 8 ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Email: [email protected] 9 Fishery Survey of India, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract We provide an updated checklist of fishes of the families Serranidae and Epinephelidae reported or listed from India, along with photographs. A total of 120 fishes in this group are listed as occurring in India based on published literature, of which 25 require further confirmation and validation. We confirm here the presence of at least 95 species in 22 genera occurring in Indian marine waters.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Trade in Marine Ornamental Species
    From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak From Ocean to Aquarium The global trade in marine ornamental species Colette Wabnitz, Michelle Taylor, Edmund Green and Tries Razak ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNEP World Conservation This report would not have been The authors would like to thank Helen Monitoring Centre possible without the participation of Corrigan for her help with the analyses 219 Huntingdon Road many colleagues from the Marine of CITES data, and Sarah Ferriss for Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Aquarium Council, particularly assisting in assembling information Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Aquilino A. Alvarez, Paul Holthus and and analysing Annex D and GMAD data Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Peter Scott, and all trading companies on Hippocampus spp. We are grateful E-mail: [email protected] who made data available to us for to Neville Ash for reviewing and editing Website: www.unep-wcmc.org inclusion into GMAD. The kind earlier versions of the manuscript. Director: Mark Collins assistance of Akbar, John Brandt, Thanks also for additional John Caldwell, Lucy Conway, Emily comments to Katharina Fabricius, THE UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION Corcoran, Keith Davenport, John Daphné Fautin, Bert Hoeksema, Caroline MONITORING CENTRE is the biodiversity Dawes, MM Faugère et Gavand, Cédric Raymakers and Charles Veron; for assessment and policy implemen- Genevois, Thomas Jung, Peter Karn, providing reprints, to Alan Friedlander, tation arm of the United Nations Firoze Nathani, Manfred Menzel, Julie Hawkins, Sherry Larkin and Tom Environment Programme (UNEP), the Davide di Mohtarami, Edward Molou, Ogawa; and for providing the picture on world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Manual Series No.15/2018
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CMFRI Digital Repository DBTR-H D Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual This is a limited edition of the CMFRI Training Manual provided to participants of the “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals” organized by the Marine Biotechnology Division of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), from 2nd February 2015 - 31st March 2018. Principal Investigator Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled & Edited by Dr. P. Vijayagopal Dr. Reynold Peter Assisted by Aditya Prabhakar Swetha Dhamodharan P V ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Published by Dr A Gopalakrishnan Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi-682018, India. 2 Foreword Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government of India organized a series of training programs entitled “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals”.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of the Fish Species (Pisces) of La Réunion, Including a Red List of Threatened and Declining Species
    Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 2: 1–168; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2009. 1 Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion, including a Red List of threatened and declining species RONALD FR ICKE , THIE rr Y MULOCHAU , PA tr ICK DU R VILLE , PASCALE CHABANE T , Emm ANUEL TESSIE R & YVES LE T OU R NEU R Abstract An annotated checklist of the fish species of La Réunion (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 984 species in 164 families (including 16 species which are not native). 65 species (plus 16 introduced) occur in fresh- water, with the Gobiidae as the largest freshwater fish family. 165 species (plus 16 introduced) live in transitional waters. In marine habitats, 965 species (plus two introduced) are found, with the Labridae, Serranidae and Gobiidae being the largest families; 56.7 % of these species live in shallow coral reefs, 33.7 % inside the fringing reef, 28.0 % in shallow rocky reefs, 16.8 % on sand bottoms, 14.0 % in deep reefs, 11.9 % on the reef flat, and 11.1 % in estuaries. 63 species are first records for Réunion. Zoogeographically, 65 % of the fish fauna have a widespread Indo-Pacific distribution, while only 2.6 % are Mascarene endemics, and 0.7 % Réunion endemics. The classification of the following species is changed in the present paper: Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) [pre- viously A. bengalensis labiata]; Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) [previously M. brachyurus millepunctatus]; Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) [previously E. fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) [previously Apogon fasciatus]; Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) [previously Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)]; Stegastes luteobrun- neus (Smith, 1960) [previously S.
    [Show full text]
  • Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India
    Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India Compiled & Edited by Ritesh Ranjan Muktha M Shubhadeep Ghosh A Gopalakrishnan G Gopakumar Imelda Joseph ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O. Kochi – 682 018, Kerala, India www.cmfri.org.in 2017 Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India Published by: Dr. A Gopalakrishnan Director ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O. Kochi – 682 018, Kerala, India www.cmfri.org.in Email: [email protected] Tel. No.: +91-0484-2394867 Fax No.: +91-0484-2394909 Designed at G.K. Print House Pvt. Ltd. Rednam Gardens Visakhapatnam- 530002, Andhra Pradesh Cell: +91 9848196095, www.gkprinthouse.com Cover page design: Abhilash P. R., CMFRI, Kochi Illustrations: David K. M., CMFRI, Kochi Publication, Production & Co-ordination: Library & Documentation Centre, CMFRI Printed on: November 2017 ISBN 978-93-82263-14-2 © 2017 ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi All rights reserved. Material contained in this publication may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the publisher. Citation : Ranjan, R., Muktha, M., Ghosh, S., Gopalakrishnan, A., Gopakumar, G. and Joseph, I. (Eds.). 2017. Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India. ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi. 450 pp. CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................................. i Preface .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the United Kingdom Marine Aquarium Trade
    Understanding the United Kingdom marine aquarium trade – a mystery shopper study of species on sale JOHN K. PINNEGAR1,2* | JOANNA M. MURRAY1 1Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK 2School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Correspondence John K. Pinnegar, Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK Email, [email protected] Funding information This contribution was supported through internal investment funds at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), UK. ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted a unique survey of marine ornamental fishes appearing in UK retail stores, as well as a review of government trade statistics, with the aim to significantly strengthen the evidence-base in support of future management initiatives. Fifty marine Accepted Article aquarium retailers were visited. A total of 380 marine aquarium fish species (4926 This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Fish Biology and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jfb.13491 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. individuals), from 48 families were recorded with the largest proportion of individuals belonging to the families Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae, Apogonidae, Labridae, Pomacanthidae, Gobiidae and Labridae. The majority of fishes for sale (91% of species) originated from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, with only a small number (9% of species) derived from the Atlantic Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Bioengineering Approach for Selective Detection of Female Sex Pheromone of Agriculturally Important Insects
    ISSN 2394-3289 Volume 23 No. 1ISO 9001:2008 Organization January-March 2017 Promising Technologies A Novel Bioengineering Approach for 1 A Novel Bioengineering Approach for Selective Detection of Female Sex Phero- mone of Agriculturally Important Insects Selective Detection of Female Sex In-package use of ethylene absorbents 2 Pheromone of Agriculturally extends shelf-life of nectarine X-ray Imaging for Detection of Jelly 4 Important Insects Seed Disorder in Mango Trace mineral supplementation in 6 Plant pests exert serious effects on food production due to which bucks for puberty advancement and the global crop yields are reduced by ~20-40% per year as estimated improvement of semen characteristics by FAO. Herein, the MEMS devices are covalently functionalized for robust and efficient optical sensing of the female sex pheromones New Initiatives of the pests like Helicoverpa armigera and Bactocera oleae for the Training programme for the officers of 7 first time in literature. The functionalized devices are also capable the Indian Economic Services (IES) of selectively measuring the concentration of this pheromone at femtogram level which is much below the concentration of Natural Resource Management pheromone at the time of pest infestation in an agricultural field. Boron – An important micronutrient 8 Experiments were also performed in a confined region in the for animals presence of male and female Helicoverpa armigera pests and Breakthrough in captive brood stock 9 development and breeding of marine ornamental fish Sea-goldie
    [Show full text]
  • Chumbe Island Coral Park Conservation and Education Status Report 2013
    Chumbe Island Coral Park Conservation and Education Status Report 2013 Zanzibar, Tanzania Index Foreword………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Part II: Environmental Education……………………………………………………... 25 Introduction CHICOP…………………………………………………………………... 4 Management Plan 2006-2016…………………………………………………… 26 Chumbe Field Excursions………………………………………………………… 27 Part I: Conservation Programs………………………………………………………. 5 Educational Outcomes……………………………………………………………. 28 Management Plan 2006 – 2016…………………………………………………. 6 The Chumbe Challenge………………………………………………………….. 29 Key Values of the MPA…………………………………………………………… 7 Community Outreach …………………………………………………………….. 30 Chumbe Reef Sanctuary (CRS) ………………………………………………… 8 Island Ranger Training……………………………………………………………. 31 Borders of the CRS ………………………………………………………………. 9 Chumbe aims Zero Waste………………………………………………………... 32 Tresspassing ……………………………………………………………………… 10 Celebration of International Events……………………………………………… 33 Fauna in the CRS…………………………………………………………………. 11 Monitoring Programs……………………………………………………………… 12 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………... 34 Coral Reef Monitoring…………………………………………………………….. 13 References………………………………………………………………………………... 35 Monitoring results: Fish communities ………………………......……………… 14 Appendix: Species Lists……………………………………………………………….. 36 Monitoring results: Sea urchins …………………………………………………. 15 Monitoring results: Crown-of-thorns starfish …………………………………… 16 Seagrass monitoring……………………………………………………………… 17 Closed Forest Habitat (CFH) ……………………………………………………. 18 Ader’s Duiker………………………………………………………………………..19 Coconut
    [Show full text]
  • Saltwater Aquariums for Dummies‰
    01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page iii Saltwater Aquariums FOR DUMmIES‰ 2ND EDITION by Gregory Skomal, PhD 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page ii 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page i Saltwater Aquariums FOR DUMmIES‰ 2ND EDITION 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page ii 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page iii Saltwater Aquariums FOR DUMmIES‰ 2ND EDITION by Gregory Skomal, PhD 01_068051 ffirs.qxp 11/21/06 12:02 AM Page iv Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies®, 2nd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIAL PUBLICATION No
    The J. L. B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 14 COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE FISHES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA PART I MARINE FISHES by Margaret M. Smith RHODES UNIVERSITY GRAHAMSTOWN, SOUTH AFRICA April 1975 COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF THE FISHES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA PART I MARINE FISHES by Margaret M. Smith INTRODUCTION In earlier times along South Africa’s 3 000 km coastline were numerous isolated communities. Interested in angling and pursuing commercial fishing on a small scale, the inhabitants gave names to the fishes that they caught. First, in 1652, came the Dutch Settlers who gave names of well-known European fishes to those that they found at the Cape. Names like STEENBRAS, KABELJOU, SNOEK, etc., are derived from these. Malay slaves and freemen from the East brought their names with them, and many were manufactured or adapted as the need arose. The Afrikaans names for the Cape fishes are relatively uniform. Only as the distance increases from the Cape — e.g. at Knysna, Plettenberg Bay and Port Elizabeth, do they exhibit alteration. The English names started in the Eastern Province and there are different names for the same fish at towns or holiday resorts sometimes not 50 km apart. It is therefore not unusual to find one English name in use at the Cape, another at Knysna, and another at Port Elizabeth differing from that at East London. The Transkeians use yet another name, and finally Natal has a name quite different from all the rest. The indigenous peoples of South Africa contributed practically no names to the fishes, as only the early Strandlopers were fish eaters and we know nothing of their language.
    [Show full text]
  • Hermaphroditism in Fish
    Tesis doctoral Evolutionary transitions, environmental correlates and life-history traits associated with the distribution of the different forms of hermaphroditism in fish Susanna Pla Quirante Tesi presentada per a optar al títol de Doctor per la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, programa de doctorat en Aqüicultura, del Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia. Director: Tutor: Dr. Francesc Piferrer Circuns Dr. Lluís Tort Bardolet Departament de Recursos Marins Renovables Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Institut de Ciències del Mar Fisiologia i Immunologia Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona La doctoranda: Susanna Pla Quirante Barcelona, Setembre de 2019 To my mother Agraïments / Acknowledgements / Agradecimientos Vull agrair a totes aquelles persones que han aportat els seus coneixements i dedicació a fer possible aquesta tesi, tant a nivell professional com personal. Per començar, vull agrair al meu director de tesi, el Dr. Francesc Piferrer, per haver-me donat aquesta oportunitat i per haver confiat en mi des del principi. Sempre admiraré i recordaré el teu entusiasme en la ciència i de la contínua formació rebuda, tant a nivell científic com personal. Des del primer dia, a través dels teus consells i coneixements, he experimentat un continu aprenentatge que sens dubte ha derivat a una gran evolució personal. Principalment he après a identificar les meves capacitats i les meves limitacions, i a ser resolutiva davant de qualsevol adversitat. Per tant, el meu més sincer agraïment, que mai oblidaré. During the thesis, I was able to meet incredible people from the scientific world. During my stay at the University of Manchester, where I learned the techniques of phylogenetic analysis, I had one of the best professional experiences with Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • IFC/GEF Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary Project
    REPORT 1: BRUTON, MN IFC/GEF Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary Project Biodiversity Management Plan: Sub-Activity ‘Marine Systems’ MN Bruton MTN ScienCentre, Cape Town Preamble: If you were to design a place with maximum diversity, choose a location on the tropical east coast of Africa, add a peninsula, a large bay, tidal sand flats, an estuarine lagoon, sea grass beds, freshwater lakes, extensive mangrove swamps and reed swamps, throw in coral and rocky reefs, idyllic sandy beaches, forested dunes and a wide tidal range, and then sprinkle it with over 400 species of fishes, including the elusive sea horses and mudskippers, thousands of rare and unusual invertebrates, nesting turtles, millions of jellyfish, the enigmatic dugong, giant manta rays and whales offshore. Improve the mix by adding items of cultural diversity, including traditional fisherfolk and life styles, Arabian dhows, expert boat builders, an historic lighthouse, ancient middens, a dark past but a bright future, thatched camps under satin skies, and the night-time drum beat of Africa. What do you have? The Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary in Inhambane province, Mozambique. 1. Holistic analysis of marine, estuarine and lagoonal systems Introduction: The Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary (VCWS) comprises a series of interlinked marine, coastal, estuarine, lagoonal, terrestrial and freshwater systems that, in combination, form one of the most diverse and interesting biodiversity hotspots on the east coast of Africa. Furthermore, the area has a rich and interesting cultural history that combines elements of Africa, Asia and Europe. The biological and cultural diversity of the place need to be considered together in order to appreciate its real value.
    [Show full text]