ROCKY REACH RESERVOIR WATER QUALITY MONITORING WORK PLAN

Prepared for

PUBLIC UTILITY DISTRICT NO. 1 OF CHELAN COUNTY, WASHINGTON P.O. Box 1231 Wenatchee, Washington 98807-1231

Prepared by

5808 Lake Washington Blvd. NE, Suite 200 Kirkland, Washington 98033-7350

In association with

RENSEL ASSOCIATES AQUATIC SCIENCE CONSULTANTS UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO

October 1999 INTRODUCTION

Relicensing of the Rocky Reach project requires a Water Quality Certification from the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) to comply with Section 401 of the Federal Clean Water Act. The fundamental requirement for 401 certification is to demonstrate that affected water bodies meet the State water quality standards, as defined by Chapter 173-201A WAC. In addition to the permit requirements, water quality monitoring is needed to provide adequate baseline information on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Rocky Reach Reservoir and the tailrace. This information will help define the relationships between water quality and beneficial uses, including fisheries, recreation, water supply, and aesthetics.

Water quality monitoring objectives of the present study include the need to:

· Compare existing water quality to Washington State standards;

· Identify appropriate methods and approach for monitoring key parameters;

· Relate the monitoring results to fisheries concerns and other uses of the reservoir;

· Compare and contrast results to upstream and downstream conditions from other studies; and

· Determine ongoing project-related impacts.

Elements of the Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring program include a literature review of existing water quality and water rights information, one year of periodic water quality sample collection, laboratory analyses, sample data analyses and interpretation, and preparation of a Rocky Reach Water Quality Report. Opportunities for public and resource agency input will occur throughout the program, including review of this Draft Work Plan.

The purpose of the Work Plan is to provide a brief overview of all elements of the Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring program. Details on the methods used for sample collection and analysis are included in the Rocky Reach Water Quality Sampling and Analysis Plan (see Appendix A). Additional information on data quality objectives, field quality control procedures, laboratory quality control practices, and data management protocols is included in the Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan (Appendix B).

LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review and compilation of water quality data and water rights information will be completed for the mid-Columbia River, including the Rocky Reach Reservoir and its primary tributary, the Entiat River. Information previously compiled for the 1991 application for raising the reservoir pool elevation and the July 7, 1999, Initial Consultation Document will be updated with the latest water rights data available from Ecology and water quality data from various sources. The following ongoing water quality monitoring occurs in the project area:

Work Plan 1 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr · Douglas County PUD monitors total dissolved gas and water temperature hourly in the forebay at Wells Dam and in the tailrace approximately three miles downriver near the east shore.

· Chelan County PUD monitors total dissolved gas and water temperature hourly in the forebay at Rocky Reach dam and in the tailrace 4.0 miles downriver at the Odabashian Bridge.

· The Washington State Department of Ecology monitors the following parameters monthly in the lower Entiat River 1.5 miles upstream from its confluence with the Columbia River: water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, suspended solids, total persulfate nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, and turbidity.

· The U.S. Forest Service monitors water temperature continuously in the Entiat River upstream from the Keystone bridge (river mile 1.5).

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OVERVIEW

The Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring Program will include periodic sampling and measurements of physical, chemical, and biological factors at several locations for one year. Rocky Reach Reservoir is a very fast flushing system, with average water residence times of about 1.5 days (Stober et al. 1979). This results in a generally well-mixed reservoir with little variation in physical and chemical conditions, such as water temperature and alkalinity. However, some physical factors such as total dissolved gas may vary spatially in the reservoir, due to currents, lake morphology, and upstream project operations. Biological parameters, such as phytoplankton or zooplankton are often more patchy in their distribution, and require additional monitoring to ensure an adequate analysis. Meteorological and hydrological factors are also reflected in seasonal changes in the physical, chemical, and biological environment of Rocky Reach Reservoir.

The characteristics of Rocky Reach Reservoir described above were all considered in selecting sampling locations, determining the water quality indicators to be monitored, identifying the types and numbers of samples to collect, and scheduling the appropriate times to monitor each parameter. Table 1 summarizes the monitoring program for Water Year 2000 (i.e., October 1999 through September 2000). Letter codes in the table show which locations will be sampled each month and the degree of sample replication that will be implemented, depending on the variability indicated by the first monitoring event.

SAMPLING LOCATIONS

The different areas exhibiting spatial variability of water quality parameters within Rocky Reach Reservoir are expected to be littoral (i.e., shallow near-shore) habitats versus pelagic (i.e., deeper midstream) habitats, areas upstream and downstream from dams, and areas upstream and downstream from major tributaries. General monitoring locations were selected along five lateral Rocky Reach Reservoir transects to represent these areas of expected variability (see Figure 1). One additional transect was located across the mouth of the Entiat River. The specific location of each transect and monitoring location will be selected in the field during the first sampling event.

Work Plan 2 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr Table 1. Rocky Reach Reservoir - Water Quality Sampling Plan Overview PARAMETERS SAMPLE TYPE Laboratory Analysis Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Total Nutrients Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Dissolved Nutrients Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Total Suspended Solids Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Hardness Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Alkalinity & Carbonate Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Fecal Coliform 1 m A B C D B D A C C A C C Chlorophyll a Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Plankton Composite Grab A D D D B D A C C A C C Attached Benthic Algae Replicate Samples E E D D E D E D D E E D In Situ Analysis Water Temperature Vertical Profile A B C D B D A C C F F F Turbidity Composite Grab A B C D B D A C C A C C Total Dissolved Gas 1 m A B C D B D A A A A C C Conductivity Vertical Profile A B C D B D A C C F F F pH Vertical Profile A B C D B D A C C A C C Redox Potential Vertical Profile A B C D B D A C C A C C Dissolved Oxygen Vertical Profile A B C D B D A C C A C C Secchi Disk Transparency N/A A B C D B D A C C A C C

KEY A = Stations 1P, 2P, 2L, 3P, 4P, 4L, 5P, and 6T; plus replicates at core stations 1P, 3P, 4P, and 5P B = Stations 1P, 2P, 2L, 3P, 4P, 4L, 5P, and 6T C = Same as A if unable to pool results from previous "A" sampling period, other wise same as "B" D = No sampling E = Replicate samples at nearshore stations on both sides of the river at all six transects F = Same as A plus littoral measurements at upstream side of Daroga State Park and continuous temp monitoring installation there

Transects are numbered from upstream to downstream with "P" denoting a midstream pelagic station, "L" denoting a nearshore littoral station, and "T" denoting a tributary station.

Transect 1 is Wells Dam tailrace, transect 2 is upstream of Chelan R. confluence, transect 3 is upstream of Entiat R. confluence, transect 4 is just upstream of RR dam, transect 5 is in RR tailrace, and transect 6 is Entiat R. near mouth.

Notes Total nutrients = total N and total P, Dissolved Nutrients = orthophosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia (filtered in field) Plankton = biomass and density of phytoplankton and zooplankton Replicates for water temperature are additional surface casts, unless stratification is noted, then entire profiles

Work Plan 3 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675 Work Plan 4 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675 Where appropriate, the monitoring points will be co-located with historic or ongoing monitoring locations (e.g., U.S. Geological Survey gauging stations on the Columbia and Entiat rivers). The six transects numbered upstream to downstream are:

· Transect 1 - Wells Dam tailrace at the upper end of Rocky Reach Reservoir

· Transect 2 - upper reservoir upstream from the Chelan River confluence

· Transect 3 – mid-reservoir upstream from the Entiat River confluence

· Transect 4 - Rocky Reach Reservoir pool just upstream from the dam

· Transect 5 - Rocky Reach tailrace downstream from the dam

· Transect 6 - mouth of the Entiat River.

Water column monitoring will include five midstream pelagic (designated “P”), two near-shore littoral (designated “L”), and one tributary (designated “T”) locations. Water quality in the lower Chelan River, the other major tributary entering Rocky Reach Reservoir, is monitored as part of the ongoing Chelan Project relicensing studies.

The proposed nearshore stations for periphyton sampling will be located at the same general locations as water column sampling (e.g., tailrace, forebay, mouth of the Entiat River, etc.), but will be clustered in littoral regions of each transect. “Shallow” sites will be selected to define true littoral conditions where sufficient light reaches the bottom to support rooted aquatic macrophyte growth. Reservoir conditions will determine the shallow depth range, as determined in the field. Each shallow site will be further divided into two depth ranges: (1) the stratum alternately wetted and dried by pool fluctuations (Zone A), and (2) that part of the littoral area permanently wetted (Zone B).

The above sampling approach satisfies the need to collect samples from forebay and tailrace areas of Rocky Reach Dam as well as incoming water from the tailrace of Wells Dam. It also provides samples in upper and lower reservoir areas, with and without tributary effects. We expect the actual effects of the tributaries to be small or imperceptible, as the tributary flows are insignificant compared to mainstem Columbia River flows. Pelagic stations will be located, to the extent possible, in the thalweg of the reservoir (i.e., in the center of channel flow).

Samples will be collected at the sampling locations in order from upstream to downstream. Because the residence time of water in Rocky Reach Reservoir is similar to the amount of time required to complete the sampling, the upstream to downstream sequence will approximate monitoring changes in the same water mass as it moves through the reservoir.

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

The most important water quality issues for Rocky Reach Reservoir are water temperature, dissolved gas, and the major nutrients (i.e., phosphorus and nitrogen) that drive biological productivity. These are the primary water quality factors that are potentially influenced by reservoir operations. Analyzing chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and attached benthic algae

Work Plan 5 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr samples will monitor biological productivity and food web dynamics.1 Some additional water quality variables will also be measured to help with the basic understanding of the reservoir. The approach to monitoring the primary water quality factors is described in greater detail in the following sections.

Nutrients Plant nutrients of importance in the Columbia River and Rocky Reach Reservoir include the macronutrients phosphorus and nitrogen. A few years ago, phosphorus levels were relatively high, and the system was considered mesotrophic (i.e., moderately enriched). There were periods in the summer and fall when either one or the other macronutrient was considered limiting to phytoplankton (i.e., microalgae) production. Since cessation of phosphorus discharge from a fertilizer plant in the upper Columbia River in the mid-1990s, the pelagic system is now considered oligotrophic (i.e., nutrient poor), and phosphorus clearly limits production in the summer and early fall. This assessment does not apply to the nearshore, littoral areas, and particularly those dominated by macrophyte habitat. Macrophytes draw much of their nutrient supply from sediment, not the water column, and there does not appear to be a close connection between changes in a pelagic system and the corresponding littoral sediments.

Presently levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia) fall to very low levels in the late summer and early fall. These levels are below current Department of Ecology reporting limits, which are relatively high compared to those produced by commercial and academic laboratories (Ehinger 1996, Rensel Associates 1999). Accordingly, it is important to use careful sampling and accurate analytical techniques in the analysis of nutrients from mid-Columbia River samples. It is also important to assess the spatial variability of nutrient conditions in the reservoir. Collecting replicate samples on the proposed schedule (see Table 1) will provide a known degree of certainty in characterizing nutrient conditions. This will key in with the next topic, phytoplankton and zooplankton productivity.

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Food web relationships among plankton, invertebrates, and fish in the mid-Columbia River are largely unknown, with the exception of a few unpublished studies from the Hanford Reach many years ago. In particular, salmon protected under the Endangered Species Act may be affected by either paucity of supply or inappropriate plankton quality in lower river reaches (Williams et al. 1996). Zooplankton, such as Daphnia, are preferential prey of superior food quality for juvenile salmonids and other many other fish. Declining productivity of Daphnia and other zooplankton throughout the river may be exacerbated by the drastic decline in phosphorus supply related to the recent cessation of phosphorus discharges from a large fertilizer plant in British Columbia (Rensel Associates 1999). To our knowledge, there has been no definitive study of phytoplankton or zooplankton in the mid-Columbia River.

Plankton are known for patchiness in their distribution, particularly in lakes, estuaries, and the ocean. Their distribution in the fast-flushing reservoirs of the Columbia River is poorly known, but is probably in part a function of production rates from the major storage reservoir in the system (i.e.,

1 Benthic macroinvertebrates, aquatic macrophytes, and fish will be monitored as part of other Rocky Reach relicensing studies.

Work Plan 6 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr Lake Roosevelt). Enhanced production of fast-reproducing species such as Daphnia spp. may occur in littoral (nearshore) areas during summer when macrophytes decrease water movement and help create a somewhat separate habitat from the mainstream river. However, downstream transport is likely the predominant distribution factor due to the relative difference between reservoir flushing rates (i.e., days) and reproduction rates of zooplankton (i.e., weeks).

Standing stock (density) and biomass of both phytoplankton and zooplankton will be monitored at nearshore (littoral) and midstream (pelagic) stations. This will provide some insight into the available crop of plankton and allow inference about production rates through comparisons of monthly variability. Once during spring, summer, and fall, three replicate samples will be taken at four pelagic stations to estimate the variability within and among stations. If variability among stations is high, as determined through statistical analysis (e.g., Student’s t-distribution or analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis), then additional monthly sampling will be conducted during the biologically important summer season. If variance is low (i.e., there is no significant difference among pelagic stations), then only single samples will be collected for the balance of the summer season.

Attached Benthic Algae In the run-of-river pools of the mid-Columbia River, littoral (shallow water where sufficient light for photosynthesis reaches the bottom) dynamics are much more important than in deeper reservoirs. All of these shallow water substrates will be covered with a coating of attached benthic algae, bacteria, and fungi. This small but very productive coating is fundamental to littoral production of benthic macroinvertebrates and will be assessed by substrate type in Rocky Reach pool. Our approach will be to sample replicated natural substrates in two depth zones at each sampling station. Rocks will be cleaned of attached growth in the field and the samples held on ice until lab processing.

Total Dissolved Gas Total dissolved gas (TDG) content of the mid-Columbia River frequently exceeds the State standard of 110% during the late spring and early summer period. Year-to-year variation is great, depending on the amount and melt characteristics of snowpack in the watershed. Although most of the excess gas is produced at upstream dams, little degassing occurs, and the gas is transferred down river. Frequent TDG measurements and related data are collected at all mid- Columbia River dams, so this study will augment that information with measurements from intermediate locations to address variability within Rocky Reach Reservoir. Unlike water temperature, we expect that TDG may vary considerably from station to station, in part due to changes in Wells Dam operations during the course of a sampling day. To capture potential variability at each station, we will deploy the TDG probe as the first action upon arriving and make repeated measurements in the river current over a ½-hour period.

Water Temperature Water temperatures in the mid-Columbia River may sometimes exceed State standards during late summer, and may exceed the physiological optimum ranges of several resident and anadromous fishes. High water temperatures are more likely in backwater areas, although these types of habitats are very limited in the Rocky Reach Reservoir compared to the next upstream reservoir, Lake Pateros (Beak Consultants and Rensel Associates 1999). From water quality data and our experience in the mid-Columbia River, we know that July, August, and possibly September will be the period of highest water temperatures in the reservoir. Accordingly, we will collect additional vertical profile data during this period. These profiles will be measured in shallow, low current areas that are identified through the reservoir habitat survey. The July and August sampling

Work Plan 7 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr schedule will be flexible to target worst-case conditions during hot weather. To document diurnal fluctuations, a continuously recording thermometer will also be installed mid-reservoir in a nearshore area immediately upstream from Daroga State Park.

MONITORING SCHEDULE

The monitoring schedule incorporates replicate sampling to establish the variability of key water quality indicators and reduces monitoring during the winter when month-to-month hydrological and biological fluctuations are typically lower. Table 1 uses letter codes to indicate the schedule for monitoring different parameters. Replicate samples and in situ measurements will be collected at four Rocky Reach Reservoir locations in October, April, and July to establish variability during fall, spring, and summer seasons. This is indicated in Table 1 with the letter “A.” During November and February, coded “B” for most parameters, only single samples will be collected at all eight locations. In December, May, June, August, and September (coded “C”), the replication performed during the previous “A” month will be repeated only if a high degree of variability was indicated for a specific parameter2, otherwise only single samples will be collected as in “B.” No sampling (“D”) is planned for January and March. The exception to this plan will be plankton samples. Due to longer laboratory turnaround times, we will collect replicates in all months designated with a “C”, but the replicates will only be analyzed if the variability is high in the preceding “A” month. Replicate samples of attached benthic algae will be collected at all littoral locations and the Entiat River tributary location in October, November, February, April, July, and August.

REPORTING

Quarterly data reports will be transmitted by letter to Chelan PUD. The first quarterly report will be submitted in February and include all available data for samples collected in October through December. Subsequent quarterly reports will be submitted in May, August, and October. The transmittal letter will identify the monitoring dates and sample codes, and call attention to any violations of water quality standards or other unexpected results. It will also summarize the data quality review, and state any recommendations to modify the monitoring program.

A draft project completion report will be prepared in November followed by a final report that summarizes the entire monitoring project. The project reports will include an introduction, study objectives, methods, results/discussion, and conclusions/recommendations sections. The report style will be consistent with Chelan PUD’s writing style guidelines, and all supporting information (e.g., laboratory reports, QA/QC memoranda, etc.) and maps will be included as appendices. Results will include tables, figures, and narrative to show and compare within and among locations over time. Where replicate samples are collected, parametric statistical tests will be performed to assess variability and temporal/spatial changes. The narrative will focus on comparisons to water quality standards and spill versus non-spill conditions. The results will also describe the precipitation, snow pack, and air temperatures during the study and compare those to long-term averages to quantify departures from normal conditions. An important part of the discussion will

2 High variability would be a statistically significant difference (type one error probability, or alpha greater than 0.05) among locations.

Work Plan 8 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr describe how reservoir water quality is effecting the habitat for fish and other resources. Food web interactions will be discussed in the context of how the populations and distribution of different fish species life-history stages are directly and indirectly influenced by water temperature, dissolved gas, and nutrient regimes.

Monitoring data will be collected and reported in a manner that will facilitate efficient input to a database format that can be used to query the data and provide input to a geographic information system (GIS). All coordinates recorded during sample collection will be reported in Chelan PUD’s existing coordinate system. The GIS layer prepared for the study will be documented to summarize lineage, attributes, scale, and other relevant information.

Work Plan 9 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr REFERENCES

Beak Consultants and Rensel Associates. 1999. Assessment of resident fish resources in Lake Pateros, Washington. Prepared for P.U.D. No. 1 of Douglas County, East Wenatchee, Washington. Final report.

Ehinger, W. J. 1996. Freshwater ambient water quality monitoring. Final Quality Assurance Project Plan. Washington Dept. of Ecology, EILS program. Ambient Monitoring Program. Olympia, Washington. 23 pp. and appendices.

Rensel Associates. 1999. Lake Roosevelt studies: (1) Fishery enhancement net-pen effects, (2) Preliminary analysis of declining nutrient loads and possible effects on aquatic productivity. Prepared for Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Nespelem, Washington. 71 pp.

Stober, Q.J., M.R. Griben, R.V. Walker, A.L. Setter, I. Nelson, J.C. Gislason, R.W. Tyler, and E.O. Salo. 1979. Columbia River irrigation withdrawal environmental review: Columbia River Fishery Study. Report No. FRI-UW-8015 of the Fisheries Research Institute, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 48 p. and appendices.

Williams, R.N., L.D. Calvin, M.W. Erho, J.A. Lichatowich, W.J. Liss, W.E. McConnaha, P.R. Mundy, J.A. Stanford, and R.R. Whitney. 1996. Return to the River: Restoration of Salmonid Fishes in the Columbia River Ecosystem. Independent Scientific Group, prepublication manuscript. Northwest Power Planning Council, Portland, Oregon. 584 p.

Work Plan 10 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675rr APPENDIX A

ROCKY REACH RESERVOIR WATER QUALITY MONITORING

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN

Work Plan 11 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675 INTRODUCTION

This Draft Sampling and Analysis Plan provides details on the methods and protocols that will be employed while implementing the Rocky Reach Relicensing Water Quality Monitoring Work Plan. Specifically, this Sampling and Analysis Plan includes the procedures for instrument calibration and in situ measurements, station positioning, sample collection and handling, laboratory analyses, and data management. These procedures are consistent with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998) and Recommended Protocols for Measuring Conventional Water Quality Variables and Metals in Fresh Waters of the Puget Sound Region (EPA 1990). The Work Plan identifies the objectives of the monitoring program and presents an overview of the monitoring locations and schedule.

INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION

All electronic probes and meters will be calibrated according to manufacturers’ specifications. Some additional notes and modifications are presented here.

The primary instrument to be used in measuring in situ parameters will be a Hydrolab H20 multiprobe coupled with a Surveyor 3 surface display and recording unit. This instrument is currently equipped with probes to measure water depth, water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation/reduction potential (i.e., redox), and may be used to measure turbidity. In addition to recording data on the Hydrolab Surveyor 3, the field staff will manually log the surface and bottom data for all stations to avoid data loss in the unlikely case of the unit resetting its memory modules. Most of the calibration will be done in the laboratory the day before the monthly survey commences, but dissolved oxygen will be calibrated in the field immediately before and after use.

The depth-measuring unit of the H20 multiprobe is quite accurate and is calibrated in the field with each use by setting it to zero depth at the water surface. It also will be field-checked by comparing electronic depth readings to the depth increments marked on the line used to lower and retrieve the multiprobe. This comparison is a useful check when the vessel is drifting with water currents on a calm day. The depth-measuring system is also checked annually at the manufacturer’s repair and calibration facility.

The water temperature probe is factory calibrated, with a specification of +0.15°C. The unit is checked monthly at several points near normal operating temperatures (5 – 25°C) with a laboratory- quality mercury-in-glass thermometer readable to the nearest 0.05°C. The probe and the calibration thermometer are submerged in a container of at least 10 gallons of water that is constantly mixed with a large propeller unit. The probe is checked for precision and response time. The most common error-causing source with this unit is low battery voltage. A large automotive battery, rather than the built-in nickel/cadmium batteries, will ensure sufficient battery voltage over the course of daily operation.

The pH and conductivity probes are calibrated either the day before or immediately before each use. In practice, there is little “drift” during a day or two using the system for pH and conductivity. To

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-12 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC verify consistent measurements, periodic post-deployment calibrations will be performed in addition to the normal pre-deployment calibration. The Hydrolab conductivity measurements are normally highly accurate and precise, especially when conductivity exceeds 100 mmhos/cm, as it often does in the mid-Columbia River (Ecology 1998).

The dissolved oxygen (DO) probe is always calibrated immediately before use and within two hours after use. The post calibration measurement is important, as all DO meters will occasionally “drift” during the course of daily use, resulting in a positive or negative bias. The difference in the calibration reading over each day will be calculated and, if the difference exceeds 0.5 mg /L, it will be applied as a rate function (drift in mg/L per hour) to the measured values. In practice, it is uncommon to have to resort to these corrections, but nevertheless it is a standard operating procedure. One possible cause of the drift is major atmospheric pressure change during the period of deployment. This affects the air calibration procedure. Another possibility is changes in the performance of the DO probe’s membrane. The unit is stored in a bucket of water or within a water-saturated towel between measurements during daily use, which minimizes the effect of immersion and air exposure.

A calibration log is maintained to document the dates and times of instrument calibration, and any calibration problems and corrective action (e.g., replacing electrolyte solution in the pH probe). This log is kept with the calibration solutions and spare parts that are taken to the field. Calibration solutions are refreshed periodically, after approximately four uses or one month’s time, whichever comes first.

A Common Sensing Model TBO-L tensiometer will be used for total dissolved gas monitoring. The instrument was checked and calibrated by the manufacturer in September 1999. These units cannot be calibrated in the field, but noting their pattern of response after initiation will monitor their performance. The tensiometer readings will also be compared to other units at nearby dams with real-time reporting on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website. During the season of maximum TDG importance (May to July), the unit will be checked against real-time measurements at Wells Dam by coordinating with Douglas County PUD staff.

The turbidity of sample aliquots will be measured on-deck using a LaMotte portable nephelometer, calibrated according to manufacturer’s recommendations. The nephelometer will be calibrated with a standard solution similar to the turbidity of the reservoir water (e.g., 0.5 NTU during most seasons and 5 NTU during spring runoff). Alternatively, turbidity may be measured in-situ with the Hydrolab H2O multiprobe.

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-13 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC STATION POSITIONING

Station positioning will be achieved with a Garmin DGPSMAP Sounder Model 235 differential global positioning system (DGPS) or equivalent instrument with charting and plotting functions and 1- to 5-meter accuracy. In the remote Rocky Reach Reservoir area, however, this equipment routinely provides positioning occuracy within 8 meters. These systems utilize replaceable charting microchips that contain raster charts and will allow station selection and repositioning with relative ease and accuracy. During clement-weather pelagic sampling, we will anchor the boat on location for sampling in areas of relatively low current speed. During windy conditions or in areas of high current speed, the boat operator will keep the engine running and monitor the DGPS to keep the vessel at the sampling location while monitoring total dissolved gas. Secchi depth and Hydrolab measurements, and water sample collection, will be performed while the sampling vessel is drifting with the current. Monitoring while drifting with the current will facilitate accurate sampling depths and collecting replicates from the same mass of water as it moves downstream. DGPS coordinates will be recorded for each sampling station during the study, and reported in the coordinate system and datum used by Chelan PUD’s GIS.

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING PARAMETERS

Table 1 summarizes the water quality parameters to be sampled, sample depth distribution, number of samples per month, and whether field or laboratory analysis will be employed. In addition to the listed samples, at least one split sample will be collected each sampling period to provide an indication of overall precision in the sampling and analysis.

Table 1. Summary of Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring Parameters.

Parameter Sample Typea Samples Per Event Field or Laboratory Analysis

Total Phosphorus Composite 8-16 L

Total Nitrogen Composite 8-16 L

Nitrate and Nitrite Composite 8-16 L

Ammonia (total ) Composite 8-16 L

Orthophosphate Composite 8-16 L

Turbidity Composite 8 F

Total Suspended Solids Composite 8 L

Secchi Transparency Depth From surface 8 F

Fecal Coliform Bacteria Composite 3e L

Total Dissolved Gas 1 m depth 8 F

Total Alkalinity and Carbonate Composite 8 L

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-14 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC Table 1. Summary of Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring Parameters (continued).

Parameter Sample Typea Samples Per Event Field or Laboratory Analysis

Hardness Composite 8 L

Chlorophyll a Composite 8 L

Phytoplankton Composite 8-16b L

Zooplankton 10m Vertical towf 8-16b L

Periphyton Substrate 60b L

Water Temperature Vertical profilec - F

Conductivity Vertical profilec - F

Total Dissolved Solids Vertical profilec - Fd

pH Vertical profilec - F

Dissolved Oxygen Vertical profilec - F

a Composite samples will be taken from one meter below the surface and mid-depth unless substantial vertical stratification is measurable. An additional sample 1-m above the bottom will be added to the composite for the forebay stations. Composites for phytoplankton will be from the photic zone only. b Plankton will be collected monthly April to October. Periphyton will be collected November, December, February, April, July, and August. c Vertical profile is one-meter intervals to 10-m depth, then every 5-m thereafter. No significant differences are expected, but if found, increased numbers of measurements within a profile will be collected. d Total dissolved solids will be determined mathematically from conductivity. e Fecal coliform samples will be collected at stations 2P, 4P, and 5P only. f A horizontal tow will be used in shallow nearshore waters.

SAMPLE COLLECTION AND HANDLING PROCEDURES

WATER COLUMN

The order of data collection at each monitoring location will be (1) Secchi disk transparency (to determine the photic zone), (2) concurrent water sample collection and in situ instrument operation, and (3) total dissolved gas measurements. Several compositing vessels will be used to allow all water sampling to be completed at each location within a few minutes. Concurrently, other staff will be deploying the multiprobe and other instruments. Beyond rinsing in ambient reservoir water, decontamination of the multiprobe and water sampler will not be necessary between monitoring locations. Attached benthic algae monitoring will generally be conducted independent of the water column monitoring because the samples are collected at different locations.

All water samples for chemical analysis will be collected with a three-liter Scott water bottle sampler with calibrated dacron line marked at one-meter intervals. In areas of high current speed, the sampling vessel will be allowed to drift briefly during water collection to eliminate errors in the

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-15 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC depth of the sampler induced from “wire angle”. This technique is also used for Secchi disk measurement in fast waters. Composite water will be mixed in clean 5-gallon polyethylene buckets that were previously washed in dilute hydrochloric acid and ambient water, and then sealed with lids prior to use. It is extremely easy to contaminate aquatic nutrient samples when low concentrations of nutrients are likely. Accordingly, special “clean techniques” will be used for sample bottle preparation, use, and handling. As the mid-Columbia River levels of nitrate and orthophosphate are well below State laboratory reporting limits in late summer, it is necessary to utilize such clean techniques. Nutrient samples and replicates will be collected from composite mixtures of water bottle casts and placed in polyethylene bottles. Samples for dissolved inorganic nutrient analysis will be filtered immediately in the field using 25-mm A/E filters held in easy-pressure holders. Dissolved nutrient bottles will be pre-washed in nitrate- and phosphate-free detergent and hot water, acid rinsed with HCL, and further rinsed with ultra-distilled water and filtered sample water. Field filtering procedures ensure more accurate dissolved nutrient data, as leakage of nutrients from particulate forms is prevented. Nutrient and other sample bottles will be iced immediately in slush ice and frozen within one day.

A summary of sampling and handling requirements is presented in Table 2. These requirements are based on Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998). In most cases, analyses will be completed well before the maximum holding times.

Table 2. Container Type, Required Water Volume, Preservation Method, and Maximum Holding Times for Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Samples.

Volume Maximum. Holding Parameter Container Type (ml) Preservation Time

Turbiditya Polyethylene 100 Cool to < 4°C 48 hours Suspended Solids Polyethylene 1000 Cool to < 4°C 7 days Total Nitrogen and Total Nalgene 20 Cool to < 4°C, then freeze 1 month Phosphorus ASAP Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia Polyethylene 35 Filter then cool to < 4°C, 1 month Orthophosphate then freeze ASAP Fecal Coliform Autoclaved glass 250 Cool to < 4°C 30 hours or sterile plastic Alkalinity Polyethylene 200 Cool to < 4°C 14 days Hardness Polyethylene 100 Cool to < 4°C 6 months Phytoplankton Glass or nalgene 250 Preserve with 2.5 mL Lugol, ~1 year cool to < 10°C Zooplankton Glass or nalgene 250 Preserve with 10% formalin, ~1 year cool to < 10°C

Chlorophyll a Nalgene 100 Add 0.5 mL MgCO3 cool to Place in 10 mL acetone < 4°C, filter within one day within one day a If not analyzed directly in the field

Samples for chlorophyll a and phytoplankton analyses will be collected from composites of subsamples collected 1 meter below the water surface and at mid-depth. This will characterize average primary productivity in the photic zone.

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Chlorophyll a samples will be treated with a 0.5 mL of saturated magnesium carbonate solution before they are filtered. Chlorophyll a samples will be filtered with fiber filters held in 25mm Gelman filter cartridges. The sample material is then placed in 15 mL conical screw-cap plastic tubes with reagent-grade acetone. Chlorophyll a samples will be collected from the same composites used for phytoplankton samples.

After preservation and/or storage on ice, samples will be transported within one day to our offices for distribution to the appropriate laboratories. Chain-of-custody records of samples transmitted to laboratories will be kept in hard copy form and on computer files and backup tapes. Attachment A is an example chain-of-custody form. These forms are completed in the field and delivered with the samples to the laboratories, with copies returned to Parametrix or Rensel Associates. Sample container number, location code (including depth), sampling date and time, preservation status, and initials of the collector will be recorded on the sample container, along with any special instructions for handling or analyses. Samples will be hand-delivered to the laboratories.

In addition to sample collection, the following water quality indicators will be measured with field instruments: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, total dissolved gas, and turbidity. The Hydrolab multiprobe will be left running continuously during each monitoring day. The multiprobe will be submerged in a padded bucket or wrapped in a wet towel when in transit between stations, and suspended in the water several minutes after arriving at each monitoring location and before data collection. During profile measurements, the operator will carefully lower the multiprobe to specified depths while observing water temperature and dissolved oxygen readings on the remote display unit. When variations in observed readings at the specified depth become minimal, then the operator will press the “store” button on the display unit to log the water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity measurements. As the multiprobe is lowered through the specified depth range, the operator will watch for the presence of a thermocline (i.e., a water temperature discontinuity layer). If a thermocline is detected, then additional water quality measurements at incremental depths will be recorded to determine thermocline shape.

The total dissolved gas (TDG) probe will be deployed in the water upon arrival at each sampling station and allowed to equilibrate with surrounding gas pressure in the water. Measurements will be taken approximately every five minutes over a ½-hour period. The TDG probe will be shackled to a diving plane to maintain the one-meter measurement depth in the current.

Turbidity will be measured aboard the vessel with a portable nephelometric turbidimeter (Standard Method 2130 B, APHA 1998) using an aliquot of composited sample water.

ATTACHED BENTHIC ALGAE

At each sampling site, natural rocks will be dredged from the two depth zones; Zone A, the depth affected by short-term drawdown (~0 - 2m depth); and Zone B, the depth that is still littoral but permanently wetted (~2 - ~7m). Five replicates will be taken from each zone on each side of the

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-17 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC river (Total = 20 periphyton samples per station per time). Additional samples will be taken from 7m to the lower limit of the photic zone to determine total productive zone depth. In addition, one non-replicated sample will be taken from each zone for identification of periphyton to genus. Quantitative samples of periphyton will be scraped from approximately 10 cm2 areas of each sampled rock’s top surface, and placed on ice in the dark. At the end of each day’s sampling, samples will be field-filtered through a GFC glass fiber filter, and then frozen.

ANALYTICAL METHODS

Table 3 summarizes analytical methods and reporting limits. Analytical methods are from Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes (EPA 1983) and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998). Nutrients and chlorophyll a will be analyzed at the University of Washington Routine Chemistry Laboratory, a Department of Ecology Certified laboratory. A. Litt and S. Abella of the University of Washington Department of Zoology will preform phytoplankton and zooplankton identification and enumeration. Periphyton samples will be processed and analyzed under the direction of Dr. Mike Falter at the University of Idaho Department of Fisheries. AmTest Laboratories in Redmond, Washington will analyze the remaining conventional water quality parameters (i.e., fecal coliform, hardness, alkalinity, and total suspended solids). AmTest is certified by the Washington Department of Social and Health Services to perform MPN methods for bacterial analysis in drinking water.

Table 3. Rocky Reach Reservoir Monitoring Laboratory Analytical Methods and Reporting Limits.

Reference Parameter Method EPA 1983/APHA 1998 Reporting Limit

Turbidity Nephelometric 180.1/2130 B 1 NTU

Suspended Solids Gravimetric 160.1/2540 C 1 mg/ L

Total Phosphorus Persulfate digestion, ascorbic 365.3/4500-P F 0.5 µg/ L acid

Total Nitrogen Persulfate digestion, cadmium Valderrama 1981 0.5 µg/ L reduction

Orthophosphate Ascorbic acid 365.3/4500-P F 0.5 µg/ L

Nitrate and Nitrite Automated cadmium 353.2/4500-NO3-F 1 µg/L reduction

Ammonia-N Automated phenate 350.1/4500-NH3 D 1 µg/L

Chlorophyll a Spectrophotometric 10200 H 0.03 mg/L

Fecal Coliform Membrane filter 9222 D 1 colony/ 100 ml

ATTACHED BENTHIC ALGAE

Frozen glass fiber filters from field collections will be ground, centrifuged, and analyzed for monochromatic chlorophyll a, pheophytin, and trichromatic chlorophyll a, b, and c on a Beckman DU 480 Spectrophotometer following Standard Methods 10200H.2 and 10300C.6 (Falter and

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NUTRIENTS

Nutrient analyses will be conducted by autoanalyzer at the University of Washington where low detection limits are regularly achieved. Total phosphorus will be determined by digesting five ml of sample water in media containing sodium hydroxide and potassium persulfate in an autoclave at 121°C and 22 psi for 30 minutes (Valderrama 1981). Digested phosphorus samples will then be analyzed on a Technicon Autoanalyzer II using the ascorbic acid method. Nitrate and nitrite will be determined colorimetrically using the automated cadmium reduction method on a Technicon AutoAnalyzer II.

PHYTOPLANKTON

Phytoplankton enumeration, identification, and cell volume determinations (for biomass estimates) will be made on composited, preserved water samples. Settling chambers (Utermohl method) will be used to concentrate samples that will be observed with inverted microscopes. The settling method is particularly useful for the oligotrophic waters of the mid-Columbia River, as most of the year the density of cells will be low. Average counts for each species will be computed from the sample and densities will be reported as numbers per ml. For each sample, cell dimensions of at least 10 organisms of each species will be computed to obtain average cell volume per species. Determination of cell volumes and identifications will be made at 400X using a nanoplankton counting cell and calibrated Whipple disc. Cell volumes will be reported as cubic microns per ml, and also converted to cubic millimeters per liter (mm3/l). Species identifications will primarily follow Prescott (1975, 1980) and Patrick and Reimer (1966, 1975). ZOOPLANKTON

Zooplankton determinations will be made on samples collected by towing a plankton net through the photic zone. In the laboratory, aliquots of each zooplankton sample will be examined in an open chamber under a binocular dissecting microscope as outlined in Edmondson and Winberg (1971) and Downing and Rigler (1984). The entire volume of each sample will be inspected for immature dipterans (Chaoborus). Organisms will be identified to genus level at a minimum, but species identification is easily accomplished for most mid-Columbia River samples. Reference volumes will be prepared according to Brooks (1957), Edmondson (1959), Stermberger (1979), Pennak (1989), and Thorp and Covich (1991). Calanoid and cyclopoid nauplii will be treated as one group. Organism densities will be reported in numbers per cubic meter of water volume. Zooplankton biomass (micrograms per cubic meter) will be estimated for each organism according to literature values of average dry weight per organism (summarized in Downing and Rigler, 1984). Linear dimensions of each lake organism for use in the length-dry weight relationships are to be calculated using a calibrated ocular micrometer under 100 to 400X magnification.

CHLOROPHYLL a

Water column chlorophyll a and phaeophytin pigments will be analyzed by spectophotometer.

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-19 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

Attachment B shows an example field data recording form/checklist that will be completed during each monitoring event. The purpose of this form is to guide field staff in performing all the monitoring procedures in a systematic and consistent manner during each monitoring event. Forms will be modified for the different parameters and replicates collected during each monitoring event (see Work Plan Table 1).

Field data from electronic instruments (e.g., the DGPS and Hydrolab multiprobe) will be downloaded in the field to a laptop computer at the completion of sampling, while still in the field. This will ensure that the data are actually obtained and saved to the computer hard drive and floppy disks. Data recorded on waterproof paper will be entered into the computer and checked by separate staff, and the original, unaltered forms will be filed for future reference.

After laboratory analyses have been completed at the respective laboratories, data will be transmitted on electronic media to Parametrix and Rensel Associates in spreadsheet format. Upon receipt of the data, it will be inspected for media or software errors and saved to a hard drive and backup media. It will also be labeled and dated for time of entry, and noted as preliminary until QA/QC review is completed. The spreadsheets will be designed before the first monitoring event to ensure proper integration between the laboratories and data users.

Three forms of review will take place upon receipt of the data. In part, these protocols were borrowed from existing Department of Ecology procedures (Ehinger 1996).

(1) Laboratory data will be reviewed for compliance with data quality objectives (DQO’s). This is to be performed by Dr. Rensel for the nutrients, chlorophyll a and plankton data. For other routine laboratory analysis, Parametrix will perform the review. In all cases, data will be compared to historical seasonal means for the mid-Columbia River. If values exceed 2.5 times the standard deviation of the historical mean for the season of interest (i.e., summer, spring, winter, or fall), the subject data will be flagged as potential errors or outliers. If no suitable database exists (i.e., more than twelve data points from the pertinent season or month), then data will be compared to upstream results from the mainstem Columbia River.

(2) Measured values from an analytical batch of replicates will be qualified as estimates if the mean coefficient of variation exceeds 15%.

(3) Data will be reviewed for completeness, compliance with Work Plan objectives, missing data, order of magnitude errors, obvious outliers, possible outliers, recording errors (typographical errors), replication performance (i.e., analytical precision), spike recovery (i.e., analytical accuracy), holding time limits, detection limit requirements, etc.

Corrective actions to be taken if the above procedures identify problems include attempts to isolate the source of the observed variability, either from field or laboratory procedures. It may be necessary to change the standard operating procedure in some cases, or provide additional samples or replicates to the laboratory.

Descriptive statistics will be computed from individual stations and replicates including mean, standard deviation, skewness, etc. We do not expect any non-detect data, so there generally will be

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-20 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC no need to compute the median or mode. Medians may be included if some outlying observations are included that tend to bias the mean disproportionately. In most cases, those outlying data will be flagged and not included in the calculation of data summaries. Data will be manipulated in Excel spreadsheets, plotted with error bars for inspection, and compared where possible to baseline or historical data. Data analysis will employ the use of Statistix for Windows 2.0 and Systat version 4.0, depending on the selected test.

We will use standard parametric analyses of replicate data including one-way analysis of variance (i.e., ANOVA) with a Tukey’s post-hoc test for differences. The test will determine whether there are significant differences among stations (i.e., whether all data from the reservoir can be pooled). We expect significant differences between reservoir data and the one monitored tributary, the Entiat River. These tests rely on the assumption that the data are normally distributed, which will be tested through X/Y plots of the data where skewness or multimodality is encountered. For individual data from months where replicates are not collected, no testing will occur among stations, except for seasonal means. In this case, the same procedures will be applied using the mean of the replicated month(s) as one of the three data points. In all cases, should the assumption of normality of the data be violated, non-parametric testing, such as the Kruskal-Wallis test, may be employed.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

Parametrix has its own on-site health and safety training program that will be followed during the subject fieldwork. All field personnel are experienced boat operators, trained in CPR and first aid. They will be required to wear U.S. Coast Guard-approved floatation devices while the vessel is underway and at all times during inclement weather. A radio telephone, cellular telephone, and first aid equipment will be aboard sampling vessels, as well as other required safety equipment (e.g., lights and flares). Emergency telephone numbers of control rooms at Rocky Reach and Wells Dam will be posted on the vessel, as well as other numbers for local emergency services. To avoid injury, the field team leader will install and check the sampling davit and will familiarize the crew with its use prior to the commencement of sampling. Sampling will be postponed if storm or lightning conditions occur, at the judgement of the field team leader.

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-21 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC REFERENCES

APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.

Ecology. 1998. Ambient monitoring data [online]. Last updated January 1998. Available from the Washington Department of Ecology Water Quality Program on the internet: www.wa.gov/ecology/wq/303d/.

Ehinger, W. J. 1996. Freshwater ambient water quality monitoring. Final Quality Assurance Project Plan. Washington Dept. of Ecology, EILS program. Ambient Monitoring Program. Olympia WA. 23 pp. and appendices.

EPA. 1983. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory. Cincinnati, Ohio. EPA- 600/4-79-020. Revised March 1983.

EPA. 1990. Recommended protocols for measuring conventional water quality variables and metals in fresh waters of the Puget Sound region. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, Office of Puget Sound, Puget Sound Estuary Program. February 1990.

Falter, C. M., and M. K. Kraemer. 1998. Attached benthic algae of the lower Snake and the mid-Columbia Rivers: Idaho and Washington, 1997. Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla, Washington; and Normandeau Associates, Bedford, New Hampshire. March 1, 1998. 43 pp.

Gilbert, R.O. 1987. Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York.

Lettenmaier, D.P. 1977. Detection of trends in stream quality: monitoring network design and data analysis. Technical report No. 51. University of Washington Dept. of Civil Engineering, Seattle, WA.

Patrick, R., and C. W. Reimer. 1975. The diatoms of the United States. Vol.2, Part 1. Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 213 pp.

Prescott, G. W. 1975. Algae of the Western Great Lakes area, Revised edition. William C. Brown Company. Dubuque, Iowa. 977 pp.

Prescott, G. W. 1980. How to know the freshwater algae, Third edition. Dubuque, Iowa. 293 pp.

Rensel Associates 1999. Lake Roosevelt Studies: (1) Fishery enhancement net-pen effects, (2) Preliminary analysis of declining nutrient loads and possible effects on aquatic productivity. Prepared for Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Nespelem WA. 71 pp.

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-22 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC Stober, Q.J., M.R. Griben, R.V. Walker, A.L. Setter, I. Nelson, J.C. Gislason, R.W. Tyler and E.O. Salo. 1979. Columbia River irrigation withdrawal environmental review: Columbia River Fishery Study. Report No. FRI-UW-8015 of the Fisheries Research Institute, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA. 48 p. plus appendices.

Valderrama, J.C. 1981. Simultaneous analysis of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in natural waters. Marine Chemistry 10:109-122.

Williams, R.N., L.D. Calvin, M.W. Erho, J.A. Lichatowich, W.J. Liss, W.E. McConnaha, P.R. Mundy, J.A. Stanford and R.R. Whitney. 1996. Return to the River: Restoration of Salmonid Fishes in the Columbia River Ecosystem. Independent Scientific Group, prepublication manuscript. Northwest Power Planning Council, Portland, OR. 584 p.

Rocky Reach Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring November 23, 1999 Sampling And Analysis Plan A-23 555-1543-022 APPENDIX A I:\SOFTSOLN.40\DOCS5\EXTERNAL\RELIC\PLAN\STUDY\1675_1.DOC ATTACHMENT A

EXAMPLE CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY FORM

Work Plan 1 November 23, 1999 Rocky Reach Water Quality Monitoring SS/1675 ATTACHMENT B

FIELD DATA RECORDING FORM/CHECKLIST