Rocky Reach Dam: Operational and Structural Total Dissolved Gas Management
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Rocky Reach Dam: Operational and Structural Total Dissolved Gas Management by Michael L. Schneider and Steven C. Wilhelms U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180 For Chelan County Public Utility District No. 1 327 N. Wenatchee Ave., PO Box 1231 Wenatchee, WA 98807 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................2 List of Tables ..................................................................................................................3 Preface............................................................................................................................6 Background.....................................................................................................................7 Objective.........................................................................................................................7 Approach ........................................................................................................................7 Project Description..........................................................................................................9 General TDG Exchange Description.......................................................................... 10 Forebay ................................................................................................................. 11 Spillway................................................................................................................ 11 Powerhouse Flows................................................................................................. 12 Stilling Basin......................................................................................................... 12 Tailwater Channel ................................................................................................. 13 Mixing Zone Considerations.................................................................................. 14 Rocky Reach TDG Exchange Update............................................................................ 14 Results ...................................................................................................................... 16 TDG Loading ........................................................................................................ 18 Alternatives to Manage TDG......................................................................................... 21 Maximize Powerhouse Flows.................................................................................... 21 Spill from Gates 2 through 12.................................................................................... 23 Spillway Deflectors................................................................................................... 25 Entrainment Cutoff Wall ........................................................................................... 29 Raised Stilling Basin Floor........................................................................................ 33 Raised Tailrace Channel............................................................................................ 36 Raised Stilling Basin with Deflectors ........................................................................ 38 Raised Tailrace with Deflectors................................................................................. 38 Remove Nappe Deflectors......................................................................................... 42 Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................. 43 References .................................................................................................................... 48 Figures.......................................................................................................................... 50 Appendix A................................................................................................................... 51 Draft 2 Rocky Reach Dam June 29, 2005 TDG Exchange Assessment List of Tables Table 1. Total Dissolved Gas Saturation estimate as a function of structural alternative, spill policy, river flow, and background TDG saturation for Rocky Reach Dam .... 22 Table 2. Total Dissolved Gas Saturation estimate as a function of structural alternative, spill policy, river flow, and background TDG saturation for Rocky Reach Dam .... 23 Table 3 Total Dissolved Gas Saturation estimate as a function of structural alternative, spill policy, river flow, and background TDG saturation for Rocky Reach Dam .... 31 Table 4 Total Dissolved Gas Saturation estimate as a function of structural alternative, spill policy, river flow, and background TDG saturation for Rocky Reach Dam .... 32 Table 5 Total Dissolved Gas Saturation estimate as a function of structural alternative, spill policy, river flow, and background TDG saturation for Rocky Reach Dam .... 41 Table 6 Total Dissolved Gas Saturation estimate as a function of structural alternative, spill policy, river flow, and background TDG saturation for Rocky Reach Dam .... 42 Draft 3 Rocky Reach Dam June 29, 2005 TDG Exchange Assessment Table of Figures Figure 1. Aerated spillway flow at Rocky Reach Dam, May 2, 2002. .......................................50 Figure 2. Aerial view of the Rocky Reach powerhouse and spillway. .......................................51 Figure 3. Profile view of Rocky Reach spillway and stilling basin (section S3 profile).............52 Figure 4. Plan view of Rocky Reach spillway and stilling basin. ..............................................53 Figure 5. Rocky Reach tailwater channel bathymetry. ..............................................................54 Figure 6. Near-field TDG sampling stations at Rocky Reach Dam. ..........................................55 Figure 7. TDG instrument deployment at Rocky Reach Dam, April 26-May 2, 2002................56 Figure 8. TDG saturation for left bank or spillway side station and project operations at Rocky Reach Dam, April 29-May 2, 2002....................................................................................57 Figure 9. Total Dissolved Gas Saturation at stations FOP1 and SBP1 during April 26-May 3, 2002 (Includes spill events with a duration of at least 1 hr excluding uniform spill over bays 9-12). ........................................................................................................................58 Figure 10. Maximum TDG saturation below the stilling basin at station SBP1 as a function of total spill flow, Rocky Reach Dam, April 26-May 3, 2002.................................................59 Figure 11. Maximum TDG saturation below the stilling basin at station FOP1 as a function of total spill flow, Rocky Reach Dam, April 26-May 3, 2002.................................................60 Figure 12. Rocky Reach hourly operations and observed TDG saturation at stations SBP1. FOP1, FB, RRDW and Transect LD, April 26-May 3, 2002. (note: LD-avg was determined by flow weighting TDG levels from five stations and LD-calc was based on a mass conservation statement with no added mass component)...........................................61 Figure 13. Rocky Reach hourly operations and observed TDG saturation at stations SBP1, FOP1, FB, RRDW and Transect LD, April 26-May3, 2002. (note: LD-avg was determined by flow weighting TDG levels from five stations and LD-calc was based on mass conservation statement with an added mass component equal to a fraction of the generation discharge)..........................................................................................................................62 Figure 14. TDG saturation at the loading dock (LD) transect and project operations at Rocky Reach Dam, April 30-May 1, 2002....................................................................................63 Figure 15. Spillway flow deflector and stilling basin circulation pattern...................................64 Figure 16. Total dissolved gas saturation as a function of specific spillway discharge at Rocky Reach and Lower Granite Dams (Note: LWG-RSW Lower Granite spill pattern with removable spillway weir, LWG-STD Lower Granite spill with standard spill pattern).......65 Figure 17. Aerial view of the Rocky Reach powerhouse and spillway with entrainment cutoff wall...................................................................................................................................66 Figure 18. Total Dissolved Gas Saturation in Spillway Flows as a function of Stilling Basin Depth at The Dalles Dam and Rocky Reach Dam (TDA-JP The Dalles Dam Juvenile Spill Pattern 2000, RRH-STD Rocky Reach Dam Standard Spill Pattern 2002, RRH U9-12 Rocky Reach Dam Uniform Spill Pattern over bays 9-12, 2002)........................................67 Figure 19. Total Dissolved Gas Saturation as a function of Tailwater Channel Depth at Rocky Reach, Ice Harbor, and The Dalles Dams, (RRH standard pattern 2002, IHR Standard and Bulk Pattern, 2004, TDA Juvenile patter 2000) .................................................................68 Figure 20. Tailwater Elevation versus Total River Flow at Rocky Reach Dam, 2002................69 Draft 4 Rocky Reach Dam June 29, 2005 TDG Exchange Assessment Figure 21. Total Dissolved Gas Saturation as a function of Specific Spillway Discharge at Rocky Reach and Ice Harbor Dams, (RRH standard pattern 2002, IHR Standard and Bulk