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Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: a Case Study of Li- Shan

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Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: a Case Study of Li- Shan Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1998 Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: A Case Study of Li- Shan. Yi-fong Chen Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Chen, Yi-fong, "Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: A Case Study of Li-Shan." (1998). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6815. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6815 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INDIGENOUS RIGHTS MOVEMENTS, LAND CONFLICTS, AND CULTURAL POLITICS IN TAIWAN — A CASE STUDY OF LI-SHAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Yi-fong Chen B.S. National Taiwan University, 1990 M.A. The Ohio State University, 1993 December 1998 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9922064 UMI Microform 9922064 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. AH rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my major professor, Dr. Gregory Veeck, for his patience and hard work that pushed me to finish my dissertation. He not only offered insightful comments, but also spends much valuable time polishing my English. He deserves one quarter of my academic degree. second, my beloved wife, Lee Shu-hwa, supported and encouraged me through the hardest times. When I needed her most, she was right beside me. She deserves one quarter of my degree. Third, my parents supplied me with a comfortable budget, which enabled me to finish my degree without worrying about financial burdens. I realize how lucky I am to receive both their love and material support from Taiwan. They deserve one quarter of my degree. Minister YuRaw PaSang and his family warmed me with their incredible hospitality during my fieldwork in Li-shan. They and my other indigenous friends deserve one quarter of this degree. I am also especially grateful to Dr. Davidson and Dr. Durant. They both gave me valuable assistance and provided important information to me to refine my dissertation. I also want to thank both Dr. Mathewson and Dr. Stoner for their participation as my committee members. My special appreciation goes to the Robert C. West Field Research Fund at LSU and Professor Chen Wen-Chen’s Memorial Foundation for providing me research funds during my 1997 and 1998 field trip. Finally, thank you, all my friends at LSU and NTU, especially Scott Smiley. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................ii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................1 1.1 Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan ..............................................................................1 1.2 Colonialism and Politics of Identity ................................................................... 8 1.3 Land Rights Issues and Environmental Problems ............................................11 1.4 Case Study: Land Conflicts in the Li-Shan A rea .............................................14 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND APPROPRIATE THEORIES....................................................................................21 2.1 Colonialism in Various Forms ...........................................................................22 2.2 Indigenous Peoples and World Politics ............................................................27 2.3 Field Work in “Other” Cultures: the Issue of Representation .........................31 2.4 The Politics of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan: Land, Culture, Identity, and Environment .....................................................................................34 CHAPTER 3. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FORCES INFLUENCING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN TAIWAN .40 3.1 The Policies towards Taiwan’s Aborigines under the Dutch, .........................41 during the Koxinga Era, and the Pre-Modern Ching Empire ............................. 41 3.2 Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan under Japanese Control..................................49 CHAPTER 4. MOUNTAIN POLICY AND RESERVATION LAND POLICY UNDER THE KMT.................................................................................................... 54 4.1 The Current Situation Facing the Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan .................. 56 4.1.1 Economic Conditions in the Mountain Areas of Taiwan .........................57 4.1.2 Mountain Policy ......................................................................................... 64 4.1.3 Cultural Representation: Indigenous Peoples in Tourism ........................71 4.2 The Evolution of the “Provision” ......................................................................76 4.3 Land Conflicts in Mountain H sian ....................................................................83 4.3.1 The Physical Characteristics of the Reservation Land............................ 84 4.3.2 The Current Conditions in Mountain Hsians ............................................88 CHAPTER 5. CULTURAL POLITICS AND IDENTITY POLITICS UNDER THE KMT..................................................................................................................101 5.1 “Sinicized” Taiwan: Geography and History ................................................. 106 5.2 Ethnic Relations under the KMT .....................................................................I l l 5.2.1 Ethnic Tensions among Han People ........................................................115 5.2.2 Ethnic Relations between Han and Indigenous Peoples ........................ 119 5.3 Indigenous Movements and the Formation of New Identity ......................... 126 5.3.1 The History of the Indigenous Peoples’ Movement in Taiwan ............128 5.3.2 New Indigenous Peoples’ Identity ........................................................... 152 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 6. LAND RIGHTS CONFLICTS, ETHNIC RELATIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE FIELD RESEARCH AREA OF LI- SHAN, TAICHUNG COUNTY, TAIWAN...........................................................161 6.1 Ethnic Tensions and the Rise of PPRA ...........................................................164 6.1.1 The Emergence of the PPRA in Hoping Hsian ......................................165 6.1.2 Ethnic Discourse and Tension in the Mountains ................................... 172 6.2 Land Rights, Local Politics, and the PPR A ...................................................177 6.3 Responses to Han Dominance by Indigenous Peoples ................................. 183 6.4 Land Use and Environmental Conservation in Li-Shan ...............................193 6.4.1
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