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Restoration in Action Against Desertification RESTORATION IN ACTION AGAINST DESERTIFICATION ACTION AGAINST DESERTIFICATION A MANUAL FOR LARGE-SCALE RESTORATION TO SUPPORT RURAL COMMUNITIES’ RESILIENCE IN AFRICA'S GREAT GREEN WALL RESTORATION IN ACTION AGAINST DESERTIFICATION A MANUAL FOR LARGE-SCALE RESTORATION TO SUPPORT RURAL COMMUNITIES’ RESILIENCE IN AFRICA'S GREAT GREEN WALL Moctar Sacande, Marc Parfondry, Clara Cicatiello Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 Required citation Sacande M., Parfondry M. & Cicatiello C. 2020. Restoration in Action Against Desertification. A manual for large-scale restoration to support rural communities’ resilience in Africa's Great Green Wall. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca6932en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product and in the context of AAD project are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131947-5 © FAO, 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non- commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www. fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Cover photo: Large-scale land preparation, AAD project, Djibo, Burkina Faso ©FAO/Giulio Napolitano. Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................vi Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................vii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................1 PART I Large-scale restoration in practice .........................................................................................................3 1 Community mobilization and restoration planning ........................................................................5 2 Mobilizing quality restoration seeds .............................................................................................13 3 Producing quality nursery seedlings .............................................................................................19 4 Land preparation for large-scale restoration ...............................................................................23 5 Direct sowing and planting nursery seedlings .............................................................................27 6 Managing the restored areas ........................................................................................................29 PART II Socio-economic assessment and survey methods for large-scale restoration . 33 7 Socio-economic assessments in the context of large-scale restoration .....................................35 8 Designing a survey questionnaire ................................................................................................37 9 Defining a sampling strategy ........................................................................................................45 10 Carrying out the survey ................................................................................................................49 11 Encoding and analysing the data ..................................................................................................51 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................................................57 Annex 1. Seed characteristics of major restoration species planted with communities for the Great Green Wall programme .........................................................58 Annex 2. Checklist for socio-economic assessments ...........................................................................60 Annex 3. Template household survey questionnaire .............................................................................61 References ...............................................................................................................................................79 CONTENTS Tables 1. Tree seed quantity calculation for large-scale restoration (seedlings plantation) .......................... 14 2. Seed collection in practice ..................................................................................................................16 3. Technical statistics/specifications of a Delfino plough unit .............................................................24 4. Food Insecurity Experience Scale Survey Module ............................................................................43 5. Common mistakes will designing a survey and ways to overcome them .........................................44 6. Sample size for different populations ...............................................................................................46 7. Practical tips for carrying out household interviews ........................................................................50 Boxes 1. Selection of restoration sites ...............................................................................................................6 2. Classes of seed storage behavior and how to store seeds short term .............................................17 3. Inoculation with micro-organisms applied to restoration planting (seeds and seedlings) ..............20 4. Action Against Desertification project impacts along the five capitals of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ...................................................................................................41 Figures 1. The AAD restoration approach ...........................................................................................................4 2. Main preferred tree species by households (AAD African countries) ...............................................8 3. Classification of species by use category ...........................................................................................9 4. The restoration calendar ...................................................................................................................10 5. Improvement of land preparation, comparing traditional and mechanised ploughing ....................25 6. Two-time points vs counterfactual analysis assessment design .....................................................36 7. The five capitals of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ...........................................................40 iv Acronyms and abbreviations AAD Action Against Desertification ACP Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States CBO community based organisation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIES Food Insecurity Experience
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