RESTORATION IN ACTION AGAINST DESERTIFICATION ACTION AGAINST DESERTIFICATION A MANUAL FOR LARGE-SCALE RESTORATION TO SUPPORT RURAL COMMUNITIES’ RESILIENCE IN AFRICA'S GREAT GREEN WALL RESTORATION IN ACTION AGAINST DESERTIFICATION A MANUAL FOR LARGE-SCALE RESTORATION TO SUPPORT RURAL COMMUNITIES’ RESILIENCE IN AFRICA'S GREAT GREEN WALL Moctar Sacande, Marc Parfondry, Clara Cicatiello Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 Required citation Sacande M., Parfondry M. & Cicatiello C. 2020. Restoration in Action Against Desertification. A manual for large-scale restoration to support rural communities’ resilience in Africa's Great Green Wall. 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Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................vi Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................vii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................1 PART I Large-scale restoration in practice .........................................................................................................3 1 Community mobilization and restoration planning ........................................................................5 2 Mobilizing quality restoration seeds .............................................................................................13 3 Producing quality nursery seedlings .............................................................................................19 4 Land preparation for large-scale restoration ...............................................................................23 5 Direct sowing and planting nursery seedlings .............................................................................27 6 Managing the restored areas ........................................................................................................29 PART II Socio-economic assessment and survey methods for large-scale restoration . 33 7 Socio-economic assessments in the context of large-scale restoration .....................................35 8 Designing a survey questionnaire ................................................................................................37 9 Defining a sampling strategy ........................................................................................................45 10 Carrying out the survey ................................................................................................................49 11 Encoding and analysing the data ..................................................................................................51 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................................................57 Annex 1. Seed characteristics of major restoration species planted with communities for the Great Green Wall programme .........................................................58 Annex 2. Checklist for socio-economic assessments ...........................................................................60 Annex 3. Template household survey questionnaire .............................................................................61 References ...............................................................................................................................................79 CONTENTS Tables 1. Tree seed quantity calculation for large-scale restoration (seedlings plantation) .......................... 14 2. Seed collection in practice ..................................................................................................................16 3. Technical statistics/specifications of a Delfino plough unit .............................................................24 4. Food Insecurity Experience Scale Survey Module ............................................................................43 5. Common mistakes will designing a survey and ways to overcome them .........................................44 6. Sample size for different populations ...............................................................................................46 7. Practical tips for carrying out household interviews ........................................................................50 Boxes 1. Selection of restoration sites ...............................................................................................................6 2. Classes of seed storage behavior and how to store seeds short term .............................................17 3. Inoculation with micro-organisms applied to restoration planting (seeds and seedlings) ..............20 4. Action Against Desertification project impacts along the five capitals of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ...................................................................................................41 Figures 1. The AAD restoration approach ...........................................................................................................4 2. Main preferred tree species by households (AAD African countries) ...............................................8 3. Classification of species by use category ...........................................................................................9 4. The restoration calendar ...................................................................................................................10 5. Improvement of land preparation, comparing traditional and mechanised ploughing ....................25 6. Two-time points vs counterfactual analysis assessment design .....................................................36 7. The five capitals of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ...........................................................40 iv Acronyms and abbreviations AAD Action Against Desertification ACP Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States CBO community based organisation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIES Food Insecurity Experience