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. A NAMISMATIC BIOGR}IPHY OF LUCIAS CORNELIUS SALLA . ARETIIUSA,S ENIGMATIC IIEADBAND THE NEW YORK SALE'" Partner Finns will be accepting consignments at the ANA World's Fair of Money, August 16-20, 2011 at Table No. 209, and at the Whitman Philadelphia Coin Expo on Sept. 15-17, 2011 at Table No. 233. Please visit us if you want your coins to be part of our record-breaking sales held in conjunction with the New York International Numismatic Convention in January 2012. For further information, please call Lucien Birkler at 1-203-815-2765.
Baldwin's Dmitry Markov M&M Auction Ltd. Coins & i\ledaJs ;\Iumismatics Ltd. I I Adelphi Terrace P. O. Box 950 P. O. Box 65908 London, WC2N 618, UK New York, NY 10272, USA Washington, DC 20035. USA Tel.: 44/20 7930 9808 TeL: 1/9084702828 Tel.: [/2028333770 Fax: 44120 7930 9450 Fax: 1/9084700088 Fax: 112024295275 e-mail : [email protected] e-mai l: [email protected] Cell: 1/2 038152765 Vol. 25, No.9 The 13elatot'" Inside The Celator® ... September 2011 Consecutive Issue No. 291 Incorporating Roman Coins (lnd Culture FEATURES Publisher/Editor Kerry K. WeUerstrom [email protected] 6 A Numismatic Biography of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Associate Editors by Sam Spiegel Robert L. Black Michael R. Mehalick 30 Arethusa's Enigmatic Headband Page 6 by Lawrence Sekulich For Back Issues From 1987 to May 1999 contact: DEPARTMENTS Wayne Sayles [email protected] 2 Editor's Note Art: Parnell Nelson Coming Next Month 4 Book News - Ancient British Coins Maps & Graphic Art: tlrofilts in j1111l1istniltiC5 Kenny Grady 34 36 Coming Events p,e. Box 10607 1.ancasIer, PA 17605 41 ANTIQ1J ITI ES by David Uebert TeVFax:7 17~S7 (Office Hours: Noon 10 6PM) 42 ([Dins of tbe jBible by David Hendin For FedEx & UPS deliveries: Kerry K. Wetterstrom 44 The Internet Connection 87 Apricot Ave by Kevin Barry & Zachary "Beast" Beasley Leola, PA 17540-1788 www.ceIator.com 45 'lhrough the Cooking glass Th6 Celalor (tSSN _,04S-(986) by Wayne G. Sayles is an Independent journal pub· lished on the first day 01 each 46 Cartoon month at 67 ApriCot Ave, Leo la, PA 17540-1788. It Is cirCUlated In· 47 Professional Directory About the cover: An ternationally through subscrlp· tions and special distributions. enlargement of a silver Subscription rates. payable In 53 Classifieds didrachm from Syra· U.S. lunds, are $36 poryeer (Pe· cuse, where Arethusa's riodical ra le) within the United 53 On the Road - The Celator's Show & Club Schedule States; $45 to Canada; $75 per hair is bound by an un· year to all other addresses (lSAl). Club & Society Directory usual headband . See Advertising and copy deadline is 54 the first workday of each month for the article beginning on the following month's issue. Unso 55 Index of Display Advertisers page 30 of this issue. ticited arlicles and r.ews r~eases Photo courtesy of are welcome, however publication cannot be guaranteed. Unless ex· lawrence Sekulich. pressly stated. The ce/8lOrneither endorses!lO( is responsible for the contents 01 advertisements, letters· The Gelator office to-lhe-e01of, feature articles, regu lar ooIumns and press releases In wilt be closed on its pages, Incll.Jding any opinions Sept. 15"'-16", Sept. stated thef~n, and !he a<::curacy 01 21"* & Oct. 12111_ 16111 . any data pmvkIed by its conllibu- tors. Periodical postage paid Check the "On the (USPS 1006(71) Lancaster, PA Road" section (p. 53) 17604 and addiIionaI offiCes. forfurther details. Of CopyriglI C2011, PNp, Inc. fice hours are nor Postmaster: please send mally Nooo to 6 Pt<.:1 address changes 10: EST. Please keep' in P.O. Box 10607 mind that this is a Lancaster, PA 17605·0607 one-pe[son busi ness when you're FOUNDED 1987 BY trying to reach me. WAYNE G. SAYLES Thank you!
September 2011 1 EDITOR.S . . COMING NEXT ~-' MONTII NOTE ~- IN THE CELATOR~ I'm writing this Select Numismatic Issues month's "Editor's Note" the dHY be of tile Iso"rian Dynasty fore I leave for the American Numis (717-802 AD) with Relation malic Association convention in Rose ship to tile First Iconocla stic mont, Illino is (right by Chicago's (726-780 O' Hare airporl ). which means that our personnel had nothing better to do. Period AD) readers will have \ 0 wait unti l next Seriously, I had one small box of coins bySpero Kinnas month for my impressions of what is in my bag, wh ich caused no problems An Ancient Coin Relevant being billed as the "world's largest when I left the Baltimore-Washington coin show." Stay tuned! airport, but the young gentleman that to Renaissance Art -- searched my bag did an excellent job by Peter E. Lewis •• **** •• *** of searching every "nook and cranny." In the process, he turned up items that AND COMING SOON Tomorrow, I fly oul of the Balti I had forgotten where even in the bag, more Washington International airport such as a small, about 3 inches long, Sceattas: The Neglected when I leave for Chicago. The last flashlight made of aluminum. He made Silver Coinage ofEnrly time I new to a coin show, ironically. sure to turn it on, and then empty out the Chicago inter- the batteries just to Allg1o-Saxon England- national Coin Fair, make sure that it A Collector's Perspective didn't contain any J ex perienced th e "One of the things by Tony Abramson mi ld inconvenience thing it should not of having my carry that I don 'f miss about have. J have al Pythagoras of Somas, Celator on bag thoroughly being a coin dealer is ready removed the by John Francisco searched since the fly ing Wilh large flashlight to avoid coins J was carry 1I repeat incident, Avoiding Fake Oil Lamps amounts ofvaiuabie, and ing threw up a big and only have a by Ken BaurnheckeJ "red flag" 10 the heavy, merchandise, It few coins that I' m airport security was a hassle pre 200 1, bringing a long A Supernova on Ancient personne\. One of with me lO the Coins-Part III t he t hings t hat I alld after Sepl. 11 ,2001, ANA convention. don't m iss about il became a real chaJ- We s hould all by Robert S. Mcivor being a coin dealer lell ge. " thank the dealers Half-Figure of the King that travel to coin is flying with large Unraveling the amounts of valu- shows by airplane, Mysteries of a'ble, and heavy, sin ce they arc tile Earliest Sigloi of Dariu s I merchandise. [t was a hassle pre 200 [, probably routi nely searched, If they by William E. Daehn and after Sept. 11 ,2001, it became a were not willing to subjecllhemselves real challenge. to the increased levels of security at Demeter's Torch & The I th ink Ihal the main reason my bag our nation's airports, then major coin Mysteries of Eleusis was searched was that I was leaving shows would have already joined the by George L Beke the Chicago O' Hare airport at 6A M on "extinct" list. So in case I forget to a Sunday morning, and the security morrow, thank you!
T~?No.iI·s..., EJuu"$ _ . AR In October Liz s Lis/ offers you choice of ,h'''pCd,;, VF, many rarities. All guaranteed genuine or illustrated catalogue. Chris Rudd, PO Box 222, (44) 1263735007. Fax(44J 1263 731 777. " ",~,-,,= ~~~ [email protected] 2 The Cefator The New York International Numismatic Convention is the United States' most prestigious numismatic event targeting the needs of the world and ancient numismatic communities. Be part of this premier auction event that will be attended by eager collectors and dealers of world coin s and paper money and ancient coins, traveling from across the country and from pOints around the globe.
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September 2011 3 Ancient British Coins. By Elizabeth For generations of scholars trained Cottam, Phil ip de Jersey, Chris Rudd in the Classics, the derivative barbaric and John Sills. Hardcover (11.7 x 8.5 coinage of a cold and rainy land wi th inches): 256 pages. Publisher: Chris bad food was, at best, a footnote to the Rudd (November 2010). ISBN -l0: glory that was Greece and the grandeur 095666890X; ISBN-13: 978- that was Aome. In more recent times, 0956688903. UK £75.00 (approximate the beauty and historical value of this ly US $122. 10 in August 2011). complex coinage have become more widely appreciated. To appreciate it for Reviewed by Mike Markowitz yourself, get this splendid book. Ancient British Coins ("ABC) is es For centu ries before the invasion sentially a picture book, containing al and conquest of Eng land by the Em most 4500 images, inclu ding maps, Ancient British Coins. By Eliz peror Claudius in 43 AD, the inhabit drawings, diagrams, enlargements, abeth Cottam, Philip de Je rsey, ants of Great Britain spoke Celtic lan and photographs of people who have Chris Rudd and John Sills. Hard guages, made iron tools, and lived in contributed to British numismatics. Al cover (11.7 x 8.5 inches): 256 pag· tribal groups ru led by chieftains who though written in a refreshingly light es. Publisher: Chris Rudd (Novem sometimes took the tille of ~king '- They hearted style (all too rare in our fi eld), ber 2010). ISBN-l0: 095668890X; traded across the Channel with their the work is solidly researched, with an ISBN-13: 978-0956688903. UK Gaulish and Belgic cousins, receiving index and an extensive bibliography. £75 .00 (approximately US a trickle of goods and ideas Irom the This is a field in which many questions $122.10 in August 201 1). distant civil izations 01 the Mediterra remain unresolved, and where the in nean world, including various exotic terpretation of the material is still un We know far more about the circu coins and the idea of money. certain or controversial, the authors let lation of coinage in ancient Britain than Claudius, by the way, was so proud us know. we know about most ancient lands, 01 his conquest of Britain that he gave The core of the book is a catalog of because the UK is almost the only na his son the honorific title ~ Br itan n icus." 999 coins, illustrated at twice actual tion in the world with a sensible antiq Around 150 BC, some ancient Brit size. Of these , 418 are new types, not uities law. Under the 1996 ~ Portable ons began producing their own local published in the previous standard ref An tiquities Scheme" (http:// versions of coins they had received in erence, Celtic Coinage of Britain by finds.org .uk/), which replaced the com trade !rom overseas. This led to a rap R.D. van Arsdell (1989). The catalog mon law of Treasure Trove (http:// Id expansion of co in production thai is organized by region and tribe; with en.wikipedia.org!wikirrreasure_trove), continued right down to the Roman nine "regions" and about twenty tribes. all antiquities found in the ground must conquest, with hundreds of types in Coins are dated according to ten chro be reported and documented, but the gold, si lver, and bronze. nological periods. There is a concor finder and the land owner are usually Many 01 the pre-Roman coins of dance table that cross-indexe s the entitled to split the fair market value of Britain take their imagery from one of book's "ABC' numbers to the catalogs the items. As a resu lt , metal detecting the great trade coins of European his of van Arsdell, BMC (British Iron Age for antiquities, which is a crime in many tory, the handsome silver tetradrachm Coins in the Bri/ish Museum, 1996) and lands, is a popular hobby in the UK that of Philip II 01 Macedon (382-336 BC), Spink (Coins of England, annual). has made significant contributions to father of Alexander the Great. These Each type is ra ted by ra rity, from the knowledge of the past. Approxi coins bear the laureate head of beard· ~C ommon · to "Excessively rare" or mately eighty percent of the 45,000 ed Zeus on the obverse, and a youth "Unique." Most types also have a com coins recorded in the Celtic Coin Index on hOfseback on the reverse. Endlessly mon name based on a ruler's name, have been found by metal deteclorists and creatively fe -interpreted according the find spot or hoard (Norfolk Wolf, ("meldets") since the early 1970s (http:! to Celtic artistic conventions (and the Whaddon Chase, Wonersh), the find !web.arch.ox.ac.uk/coins!ccindex.htm). whimsy of playful die eng ravers), the er (Finney's Thunderbolt, Evans It might be noted in this connection desig n perSisted for centuries. Wheel), or some element of the design that the UK is blessed with a generally The ancient Britons had no written (Pig-tailed Dancer, Duck Helmet, Three law-abiding population and eaucated history, and during four centuries of Crescents). officials, blessings that many other Aoman rule, much of their oral tradi· Users with no previous knowledge of countries would envy. tion was lost, or distorted. What we ancient numismatics can read ABC with Ancient British Coins can be or- know about them is based on what enjoyment, bul it is likely to become an dered directly from: Romans wrote down, and on the ar essential resource for specialist collec Chris Audd chaeological record, in which coins tors, dealers, and scholars. It will be of P.O. Box 222 playa major ro le. The names of many particular value to British metal detec Aylsham, Norfolk NR I I 6TY rule rs of Ihe pre-Roman era are con torists seeki ng to identify, classify, and Un ited Kingdom jectured only from fragmentary coin date their finds, but it belongs in every Email: [email protected] Inscriptions. well-furnished numismatic library.
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September 2011 5 A Numismatic Biography of Lucius Cornelius Sulla have done is traced his biography around the same time, leaving Sulla by Sam Spiegel along num ismatic lines. This way, plenty of money. He was able to get there is a hard piece of evidence for himself elected quaestor in 107 Be. each stage in his life 10 help illumi Though tradition dictated that one ought When we think of the end of the nate the sort of person he was and his to serve for ten years in the military, it Roman Republic, the first person that affects on history. seems that it had become acceptable to comes to our mind is automatically Lucius Cornelius Sulla was born in stand for the quaestorship so long as one Julius Caesar. He is the seminal fig 138 Be. He came from the gells Corn reached the age of Ihi rty.4 ure in the creation of the Empire, and Iii (a {{ens was a group of families The quaestor was the lowest posi if hadn't been assassinated, could very linked together, sort of like a clan). tion in the cursus honorum. He would well have become the first emperor. Though this was an important gens in be an assistant to the consuls, dealing He was not out to save the Republic, ancient Rome, Sulla's personal fami with financial and administrative mat for which some would condemn him . ly was rather insignificant. It was the ters. S Fittingly, Sulla accompanied the Indeed. the Renaissance thinker Salu goal of all Roman men to rise up consul Gaius Marius on his expedition tati went against the common opinion through Ihe ranks of the cUrJus 1I0n to North Africa to campaign against that Brutus was reprehensible for be arum, attempting to become consul lugurtha of Numidia, a client kingdom traying and assassinating hi s friend, and gain prestige. No one in Sulla's of Rome. Previously. Micipsa had and comended that Brutus should be family for several generations before ruled Numidia since the Second Pu praised for trying to preserve the Re his birth, though, had risen above the nic War, but died in 118 Be. He left public. 1 Along these lines, Lucius Cor rank of praetor, a sort of judiciary po his kingdom to his two sons and his nelius Sulla should be lauded. Many siti on that also had the authority to adopted son Jugurtha. l ugurtha vio would disagree with his methods, but rai se an army. Hi s fami ly was wel l lently seized power, murdering his two his intention was noble. He wished to enough off to give Sulla a good edu stepbrothers, but in the process kill preserve the integrity of the Republic, cation, which focused in large part on ing some Italian merchants who had which was being threatened by a small Greek. Whi le a teenager, his father sided against him. Rome therefore de group of people he believed were be died, leaving Sulla nothing in his will, clared war in III. traying its founding principles. No forestalling any hope he had of enter When Marius came onto the scene matter your opinion of Sulla, it can be ing politics. He lacked the money nec in 107, Jugurtha had been backed into agreed that he played a pivotal rol e in essary to fulfill the compulsory mili a corner and forced to seek refuge in history. To be sure, without Sulla there tary service of Roman ci tizens, a nec the neighboring kingdom of Maureta very possibly may have been no Cae essary starting rung in the curSIiS lIon nia, ruled by his father-in-law Boc sar. Though thcy came from opposite orum. He was forced to live in a cheap chus. The combined forces of Jugurtha ends of the political spectrum, Sull a's apartment, and according to Plutarch, and Bacchus were still no match for revolutionary actions set the precedent he had a freedman for a neighbor, an the Romans. After suffering two heavy that Caesar would later follow. insult to one of noble birth! Sull a defeats in 106, Bocchus sent an envoy It can easily be argued that all ma spent his youth with actors and the to Marius seeking negotiations. Boc jor events and people in history are ater folk, whom we are told were a chus had made cl ear to the Romans represented in some manner in numis very vulgar group of people.3 By the that he wanted to be on friendly terms. matics. Sulla is no exception. There is time he was thirty, however, circum but the reason for his military action a numismatic reference for nearly ev stances had changed. His mistress was to protect his kingdom and be cry major aspect of hi s career. What 1 Nicopoli s and his stepmother died cause Jugurtha had filled his court wit h sympathizers. Sulla was sent to negotiate with the king. Sulla, using his notorious charm, impressed Bocchus greatly and the two Ancient Coins developed a friendship. Bocchus felt
VII/f 011/ 111[('11/(" life (/f that he had, in Sulla, an ally on the Mail Bid Sales 6 . "'l ",roscnblumcoins.com Roman side. Ma riu s, seeing the • Monthly Web Lists strength in a friendship between Boc (J. .~ • Numismatic Literature chus and Sulla, continued to let Sulla +1> negotiate terms. The one provision Specializing in Judaean coins they made sure to put in, however, was that Bocchus must turn over Jugurtha. (serious want-lists solicited) Bocchus and Sul1a devised a plan by wh ich they could trick lugurtha into WilliuTT2 M. RoseubluTT2, He "~"1.' j.~~.-" , attending a peace talk and capture him. pobox 785, littleton, colo. 80160-0785 ~... . ~ Jugurtha proposed a plan of his own phone 720-981-0785, 303-910-8245 . fax 720-981-5345 . bil l@rosenbluffiCOlns com ~;><7. .. 6 The Celator CriMiallo Bierrenbach Warr~n Thcker l).vid Mich.d~ Scott Cordry Ext. 1661 hI. 1287 E.t.l6()6 Illct 1369 Vic. l'",~id" nt of Vice Presid
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September 2011 7 to Bocchus, whereby Bacchus would Sulla's victory in the Jugurthine reverse depicts Sulla on a raised seat. Irick Sulla so that Jugurlha could cap War is commemorated on a coin issued On his left kneels Bocchus offering an ture him and ra nsom him back to by his son Faustus Cornelius Su lla in oli ve branch to Sulla. To his right is Rome for more favorable terms. It was 63-62 BC (see Fig. I). In the Repub Jugurlha bound and kneeling. Behind up to Bocchus to decide whom to be lic, coins were struck by three magis is the agnomen that Sulla wou ld later tray. And so a conference was called , trates appointed annually by the Sen adopt FELIX. This means more than at which Jugurtha, Bacchus, and Sul ate called the {ril/mviri monerales. For "lucky" as it is usuall y translated. la would all be present. Bocchus, no the last hundred years or so of the Re Rath er, a better inte rpreta ti on is doubt figurin g Rome was a greater public, starting in the mid-second cen "blessed by the gods." Sull a considered threat, decided to betray Jugurtha. tury BC, all of these magistrates had himself 10 be in divine favor with the Sul1a, by personally capturing to put their own names on their coins gods, especially Venus, who would fea JugUrlha, gained much prestige with to ensure quality (and it was a good lure prominently on the coins he him the people of Romc. It was an act that way to publicize themselves). This was self struck. This scene was also suppos si ngle-handed ly ended the Jugurthine a low step in the cursils honorum and edly engraved on Sulla's signet ring.1 War, and drew the ire of Mariu s fo r therefore held by young men. Faustus Around the time of the end of the stealing what should have been his Cornelius Sulla was supposedly born Ju gurthine War, the ten sion back at victory. in 81 BC, meaning he would be only Rome between the optimates and the 18 or 19 when he held populares was coming to a head. These thi s position, extreme two fac tions can be seen as somewhat ly yo ung for even this like modern day political parties. The position. This goes to optimates believed in strengthening show the respect the the aristocratic Senate, whereas th e people of Rome held populares relied on the plebs (com for his fathe r. that they moners) for support. Marius was a wou ld let such a popu lari st. whereas Sulla was an op young man hold th is timale. Marius's popularity with the position. On the ob people is obvious in that he was elect verse of this coin is a ed to the consul ship a total of seven bu st of Diana right, times, once during the Jugurthine War, with a lituus, a priest and then for a consecutive five terms ly implement used by from 104 to 100 Be, and again in 86 Figure /- AR Denarius of Faustus Cornelius Sulla. Syden· the augers, and the Be. This was unprecedented, and ham 879; Crawford 426/1. Photo courtesy of eNG. Illc. name FAUSTU S. The probably illegal (as one usuall y had to wait tcn years before holding the same office), though with Marius being so popular, the legali ty was overlooked. Marius was elected for five consecu ti ve consulships because he was need ed to lead the Roman forces against the Germanic tribes in the Cimbrian War (I 13-10 I Be). Sulla, being insig nificant compared lO Marius, was al lowed to serve as tribune under Muri us for the first part of the war because of hi s military ability. Though he served well, Sull a realized that an y victory he achieved would be over • SPECIALIZE IN ANCIENT COINS shadowed by that of Mari us, which • PURCIIASEAND CONSIGN COLLEcrIONS would then hurt him when he sought • OFFER APPRAISAl3 AND EXPERT ADVICE public offi ce. He then requesled 10 swi tch over to se rve as legatus to the • REPRESENTCLlEN'fSAl ~R INTERNATIONAL SALES proconsul Quintus Lutatius Cutulus, who did not have the military prow ess of Marius. Sulla again di stin guished himself, and when the war was over in 10 1 BC, was ready to stand for public office. Su ll a fai led the first time he sought the praetorship in 98 Be, but was suc cessful the following year and became praelOr Ilrbanus, a position in which he settled civil disputes between citi zens. Fotlowing this, Sulla was selec t cd by the Senate to go to the province
8 The Celator America's Most Prestigious Ancient & Foreign Coin Show The 40th Annual WWW~ " Club Meetings AUCTIO NS BY: Educa tional Forums • Heritage World Coin Auctions: Sunday & Monday, J an. J·2 /~ Semina rs Freeman & Sear : 1Ucsday, J an. 3 ."l~ Exhibits Classical Numismatic Group: Thcsday & Wednesday, J an. 3-4 i> Baldwin'sIM&M NumismaticsIDmitry Markov: The New York • Book Signings Sale on Wednesday & Thursday, Jan. 4-5 Stack's-Dowers and Ponte rio: Friday & Saturday, Jan. 6-7 Kolbe & Fanning LLC: Saturday, Jan. 7 Gemini Numismatic Auctions VII: Sunday, J an. 8 Dourse Information: Kevin Foley - Bourse Chairman P.O. Box 370650 Milwaukee, WI 53237 (414) 807-0116· Fax (414) 423·0343 E-mail : kfoley2 @wi.rr.com Visit our website, www.nyinc.info, for{/ complete Schedule of Events, including auction lot viewing, auction sessiolls, eliuca fiolla l programs, alld more.' September 2011 9 of Ci licia in Asia Minor as a procon as his target. Madus proceeded to put prosecute Sulla on the grounds that he suL This was a son of mi litary gover into affect machinati ons that would ex torted money fro m Ariobarzanes.s norship. Though the ori ginal intent of lead to a Great Eastern War. The Sen The effectiveness of this defamation sending Sulla there was so that he ate. naturall y. was opposed (Q giving is seen in that Sulla is lost fro m the could deal with the pirates infesting Marius control of such a great army. na rrative of history for the nex t fou r the reg ion. he was soon given new or They decided that Su lla would be ide years. until91 Be, with the start of the ders. Mithridales IV, Ki ng of Pontus, al, as he was already fa mil iar with Social War. had dethroned Ariobarzanes of Cap Asia. So Marius had the coveted com A major pol itical issue at thi s ti me padocia. In the preceding years. Mith mand against Mithridates taken away was the "Itali an Question"-whether or ridates had been steadily expanding not to grant Rome's Italian all ies. his borders, threatening Roman in ca ll ed the Socii. ci ti zenship. The fluence in the area. Hav ing come to Italians comprised a group of city the region without a sufficient army, states that Rome had conquered ear Sulla was forced (Q scrape together ly in her history, bound 10 her by a an nrmy fro m the local cities of Asia series of alli ances. They had many to put Ariobarzanes back on the of the same rights as a Roman cit i throne. Again hi s military prowess zen, except that to vote. which of is shown, when he was ab le to rout course is paramount. The question a numerically superior force on un of citizenship had been an issue know n terrain. since at least the 120s BC with C. Tensions were continuing to ri se Gracchus. However, it came to a in the Senate between the optimatcs Figure 2- AR Denarius of the Marsic Confedera hend when Marcus Livius Drusus and the populares. Gaius Marius had tion. 90-88 Be. Sy(lellham 627. Photo courtesy of was assassinated in 9 1 Be. He WllS allied himsel f with the rad ical pop a popularist, and hi s reforms would CNG. /llc_ ularist Lucius Appulei us Saturni have granted citizenship to the ital nu s. alienating many in the Senate. ians. Seeing that their champion was This prevented him from obtaining any from him and give n to Sulla. his struck down, the Italians revolted. It political posi tions, so he was forced former protege. When Sulla returned seems that slarting in 9 1 BC. Su lla was to return to his old profession. war. to Rome from the pOSt in Ci lici a, he beginning a campaign to gain the con However, as there was no major con discovered th at Marius had been wag sul ship in 89 BC. but was forced to sct flic t goin g on at this time, he connived ing a slander ca mpaign against him. th is aside when he was called upon to to crcale one, and he chose Mithridates He even had C. Marcius Censorinus take part in the Social War. He cam pai gned in Southern Italy in 90 and 89 BC. serving with distinction. One no table event was when he routed C. The Miinzen und Medaillen Companies Papiu s C. r. Mutilus, the leader of the Sanmites, Rome's tradi tional enemies. 1942-2011 The prestige he gained was such that he was elected consul in 88 BC. a year For 69 years Ollr legacy has been to serve th e after the war ended. collector of Ancient, Medieval & Modem Coins... The Social War led to the produc alld we would like to serve yOll too! tion of an interesting series of coins (Sydenham 6 17-643) issued by the Mars ic Confederation, the name of the rebel state, as the Marsi were the most prominent members. It is obvious that several different mints we re used, based on the faci that the inscriptions are in either Latin or Oscan (the coi ns with Lati n inscri ptions are assumed to • Public Sales· Appraisals· Buying and Selling · be from northern mints, whereas those • Large Stock in All Price Ranges· with Oscan are southern) and the styles vary widely. The coins are based on M&M Numismatics, Ltd. - Lucien Bi rkler the Roman weight standard, and most P.O. Box 65908. Washington. D.C. 20035 USA of the coin s arc based on Republican designs. However, slight changes were Telephone: (202) 833-3770 • Fax: (202) 429-5275 made-for instance, instead of a head Miinzen und Medaillen GmbH -Joachim SloliholT of Roma. there would be the head of Itulia. The ori gi nal designs all have Poslfach 2245 D-79557 Wei l. Gennany mil itary connotations, celebrating the Telephone: (Oi l) 49 76 2 1 48560 ' Fax: (01 1) 49 76 2 1 48529 earl y successes of the confederation. For e)tam ple. Sydenham 627 (see Fig. ACAMA - Antike Miinzkunst - Dr. Hans Voegtli 2) de pi cts a soldier standing atop a MaJ zgasse 25 Postfac h CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Roman legionary standard with hi s Telephone: (01 1)4 1 61 2727544 0 Fax: (011)41 61 27275 14 10 The Gelator ~Te'O'19If.i!~ _ •....,-4,. r_ IBALDW.!£:sl l ~ · "'N'!91 IlYZ~NT1UM-- .... ~OIJ'lS .. I'i';i~ "-, I F71'i'.;:::"~i~:;:;' ~ ,,.~·~I L-_-== , ,', _ , ....J-<. . __I \ : '8d"1 ''':.nr.·:-I,''!; . '" , ,.~"" / '······. I t@DIVUS 1 Q f'II'! !It ' ~ '1vM SIJAIIK ~~====!::~ L':=== FORESTIER /I. LAMBERT , 'I' , , ~~~A COfns ltd _. '.. .1 .& .~ , HII II H ~. , (~ ,,1 September 20 11 11 spear th rough it, and a bull to his ri ght. nal types as descri bed above (soldier As a result of the Social War, the Another interesting example is Syden ato p a legionary standard- Sydenham Ita li ans were granted citizenship, but ham 628, with a bull trampling a she 638; bull trampling she-wolf--Syden thei r vOles were distributed in such a wolf. The she-wolf, of course, is a ref ham 64J -see Fig. 4), Though there are way that they were of no real conse erence to the founding myth of the city no coins directly commemorati ng Sul quence. Sulpicius' main goal as tri of Rome, where Romu lus and Remus la's achievements in the Social War, the bune was to remedy thi s. but he need were suckl ed by a she-wolf. Most of coinage of Mutilus serves as a remind ed an all y in the Senate to do so. Gaius the Marsie issues are ano nymous, er that Sulla was able to defeat one of Marius filled this role. The twO popu though there is a series (S ydenham the ablest genera ls of the rebels. lares entered into an alliance, where 634-643) that bears the name of vari- Having obtained the co nsulship, by Suipi ci us wou ld help sec ure th e Sulla wa s electcd by the Senate to commence the war with Mithridates. It had been put on hold for the past few years be cause of the un rest in It aly. However, the pop ulares, name ly Gaius Marius and one P. Sulp icius Rufus, who was tribune of the plebs in 88 Be, were at work to Figure 3-AR Denarius of the Marsic COIlfedera prevent th is. Plutarch Figure 4-AR Denarius of rhe Marsic Confedera rioll. 90-88 BC Sydenham 637. Photo courtesy of describes Sulpie iu s as tion. C Papills C! Muri/lls, 90-88 BC Sydenltam eNG. Inc. such: " He was brutal. 64 1. Pharo courresy a/Gorny & Masch Giessener pres umptuous, and ra- MiinVlOll(lIl1l1g. ous ge nerals during thc wa r. The ge n pacious-and yet ent ire ly un- eral who produced the mos t diverse tro ubled by a sense o f sha me or co inage was C. Papius C. f. Mul ilus wrong ... Thi s is the man who was now coveted Mithridatic comm and for (sec Fi g. 3- Sydenham ( 37), the sa me let loose upon the Roman people by Marius if the latter would support the one whom Sulla defeated. Though he Marius . " ~ [t shou ld ulso be added that former's legislation. did copy some Roman coin s, there are Su lpicius kept a private army of 3,000 Whcn Sulpi cius introduced his pro some issues that have the same ori gi- soldiers . posal for re-structuring the Senate, which included provision s for red uc ing the number of Senators (nullify ing all who had debts exceeding 2,000 denarii ), the reaction was as to be ex pected-diametrical ly opposed. Sulpi cius anticipated this, and made usc of his pri vate arm y. Sulla, at Ihis point, had not yet embarked on hi s cxpedi tion to the East- he was still in south ern Italy preparing his troops and root flars QCoins ing out the last vestiges of Ihe Ital ian Your Source for the Best in Ancient Coins. rebels. Hearing aboullhe turmoil with Over 25 years of experience in in Rome himself, he look six of hi s supplying exquisite, soughl-after, most loyal legions and marched on Rome itself, intending to become the and rare ancient coins first Roman arm y to cross the pomer to discerning collectors illll!, the sacred city- limits. He justi and dealers worldwide. fi ed his actions by saying that it was www.parscoins.com hi s dut y as consul to ensure the integ info @parscoins.com ri ty of th e Senate. which was bein g threatened by Sui pic ius. P.O. Box 9667 On his way to the city of Rome, PI San Jose, CA 95 157 Ularc h tell s us that Sulla had a dream.'o Tel. : (408) 590.4815 A goddess came to him, who Plutarch Fax: (408) 867.0950 says was possibly Semele. Minerva, or Bellona, and gave him a thunderbolt . She then said to strike down hi s ene mies. and proceeded to name them. As SuBa struck them down, they van ished. Sulla took this dream to be an 12 The Celator PHOENICIA., TYRE ChAU* Core Attributions 126/5 BC-c.AD67/8 Strike: ?5 IncllJdes the issuirog authority. ARShekel (14.Z7g) date arid derlQll1ination I'Aelkart hd./eagle on prow Yr24 (103/Z Be} " liI1i11i1IJ1l11l11l 11l11 1--- PHOENICIA, TYRE 126/5 Be-c.AD 67/8 '------AR Shekel (14.27 g) ,------Melkart hd ./eagle on prow Yr 24 (103/ 2 BC) 19808Z6-003 1111111111111111111111 111 Supplementary Details V\lhen circumstances dictate. additional informction is presented. Sl.lCh as pred5e dale. reference. die signature. provenance or collection name Design Major design elements are identified . ...for the world's first coinage Attribution is a fundamental part of our service. Expanded fields on our label allow for more information than ever before, all displayed in a concise and readable format. We base attributions on the most current scholarship, and describe coins with an eye toward the specialist while remaining accessible to the novice. Sound attributions are yet another aspect of our commitment to the specialized needs of all ancient coin collectors. Showcase every essential detail of your treasured collectible. Visit www. NGCcoin.com/ancients September 2011 13 omen that he was doing the right thing rect consequence many smallholders general than to his theoretical master, by marching on Rome. There was a sold out and their farms were pur the Senate.li coin struck by L. Acmilius Buca in chased by latifondisti [owners of large January, 44 BC (Sydenham I064- see estates]. Thus the native peasant, the We see that SuI la's soldiers felt Fig. 5), that is generally believed to backbone of the army, was at this time more loyalty to him than to the State commemorate this dream. On the re being replaced by the large landown because of the consolidation of farm verse of this coin, Sulla is shown er. To take his place in the ranks, re land into a few hands and the profes sleeping, with Selene and Victory course was had to enlisting men oflit sionalization of the Roman army. Sul- standing above him. I think Buca's tie or no property. This practice held 1a was the first person to realize this intentions are obvious. Sulla, who change in the nature of the army, but marched his armies on Rome in or Julius Caesar is most famous for act der to save the Republi c, set the pre ing upon it a generation later. Mari cedent that Julius Caesar would lat us and Suipicius, completely caught er follow. Buca, being a moneyer of off guard by Sulla's march on Rome, Caesar, was intending 10 spread the put together an ad hoc force to de idea that Caesar was merely follow fend the city, but this proved 110 ing in the footsteps of Sulla, doing match for Sulla 's seasoned veterans. what he thought was best for the Marius was able to escape, but Sulp people of Rome. icius was caught and killed. It is at first unclear why Sulla's Sulla now went about securing troops would follow their leader in the city before he went off to fight a seemingly treasonous aci. If they Figure 5-AR Denarius of L. Aemilius Buca, 44 his long-awaited war with Mithri marched on Rome, they could very BG. 'SuI/a's Dream. · Sydenham 1064, Grawford dates. He first declared all of Sulpi well be branded hostes, enemies of 480/1. Photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. cius· legislation invalid because it the state. Arthur Keaveney offers a was passed per vim (by force), and convincing explanation: in it the seeds of a most dangerous officially exiled Marius to Africa. 12 He development, one which was to affect then went about strengthening the Sen Prolonged foreign wars ... meant Sulla personally. The army was be ate, passing a law that made it so that that soldiers could be kept away from coming professional. After several only the Senate was responsible for home for years on end and after the years with the colors it was natural initiating legislation, and all business campaign they returned to find their that the soldier, with little stake in the had to come before the Senate. These lands ruined in the interval. As a di- state, would feel more loyalty to his optimate reforms, of course, drew the ire of the masses, and so Plutarch tells us that Sulla allowed the election of Lucius Cornelius Cinna as consul for the following year, a political opponent of his who would playa large part in Sulla's future. He did, however, force Cinna to swear an oath of loyalty to ~tbttbal him, promising he would not uncon stitutionally altar any of the reforms Sulla made. Having safe-guarded the city, Sulla took his troops to Southern Italy and set out for Greece for the ~ilbcr Mithridalic War. When Sulla first landed in Greece, most of the Greek cities surrendered to him. However, Aristion, an ambas sador for Mithridates, was set up as $9 tyrant in Athens with a personal body guard of 2,000 Pontic troops, prevent Curious about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient ing theAthenian citizens from murder collection, but don't want to invest much until you know you like ing him and surrendering their city. It it? Then start small and painless. For every $9 you send, I'll send was necessary for Sulla to capture Ath ens in order to continue his campaign, you a different medieval coin ... $18 for 2 different, $36 for 4 it being situated at such a strategically different, $90 for 10 different, etc. With 12 different, get a free important location. The siege proved copy of Walker' s Reading Medieval European Coins. Please add to be more difficult than he anticipat ed, and it didn't help that Sulla made $3 postage per order. many hasty and risky decisions. Plu tarch says "He was in a hurry to get [email protected] back to Rome, since he was worried lIen G. Berman...... , .. N_.""".. (845) 434-6090 about the revolutionary changes that u .s. ",dem acid 53 poslage P.O. Box 605·E were going on there, so he forced the g overSeas orders sen! <11 t>uye~s Fairfield, CT 06824 USA ~a. rI.s.k and are always welcome .' ."."",.' . . !'\ 14 The Gelator Formerly available only to VCoins dealers, VAuctions now offers everyone the opportunity to reach the most active collectors in the world. Beginning September 2008, VAuctions, in partnership with Barty Murphy of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, will offer electronic auction services to all consignors. • Quality coins • All lots professionally catalogued and photographed • Access to more than 15,000 registered VCoins customers • low consignment fees • Fast turnaround; quick payout • Bi·weekly auctions ending every other Thursday • f air_estimates Bidding opens at 60% of estimate is easy and free VCOins and VAuctions users already registered tIO'rtSnOlw offers a venue for collectors 1~:~~:§::.:.~reaso""bIe September 2011 15 pace of the war by taking numerous from 86 to 84 BC (Thompson 1273- of pre-SuI Ian Athens. They were like risks, fight ing many battles, and see Fig. 6, 1330). The design elements ly typical inexpert and clumsy engrav spending vast sums ofmoney."1) What remained the same. but what he ers from Sulla's mil itary mint. These Plutarch was referring to was the fact changed was the inscription on the re coins were used to finance the rest of that Marius had returned from his ex verse. Previously, the reverse bore the Sulla's campaign because, as men ile in Africa with an army at his back. name oflhe city, the names oflhe mag tioned, his funding from Rome was cut His forces joined with the supporters istrates, and various control mark s and off. Though there are many known ofCinna (who himself had to flee from designs. These were replaced wi th IwO dies for this issue (Thompson knew of Rome because of his popularist pro simple monogmms. There is also a ra re 57 obverse and 92 reverse dies for the posals) to march on Rome and let radrachm al the lime of her sweep Sulla's faction ou t of the writing) suggesting a very large cit y of Rome. Marius was elect quantity was struck, they are ed to a seventh consulship, but relatively rare coins today.14 died suddenly shortly thereafter. Following the siege of Alh He and einna did, however, de ens. Sulla proceeded to chase clare Sulla a hO.f/is, a public en Archelaus, leader of the Pontic emy. Though this removed his forces, inlO northern Greece. offi cial command of the Mith Another reason for going into ridatic War. Sulla's troops, as we this region was because Sulla have seen. remain ed loyal to wished to strengthen his forces him and not to the State. It also with some unexpected rein meant that he would receive no forcements. Cinna, as has been Figure 6-AR "New Style" Athens Te/radrschm. Struck more reinfo rcements or funding sai d, officiall y removed Sulla during SuI/a's occupation, 86-84 Be. ThOmpson 1273. from the Senate, especially con from command of the Mithri- Photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. si dering many of his supporters datic campaign. He, in lurn, sent in the Senate had to nee Rome L. Valerius Flaccus, the consul and take refuge with him in Greece. and enigmatic issue from Sulla's oc of 86 BC, with a fresh army to !cad After a long tlnd brutal siege, Athens cupation th aI has, instead of the mono the war. Because of bad weather, the finally fell in the spring of 86 Be. grams, trophies in the left and right vanguard of Ihe new Roman anny was Sulla 's occupation of Athens is best fields (Thompson 134 1). The style of CUI-off and stranded. Seeing th e re membered in the New Style te t these coin s suggests that the engrav stre ngth of the Pontic forces (which is radrachms and d rachms produced ers were not those who did the coins estimated al over 100,000), it became apparent that they had to desert to Sul In if they wished to survive. Even with these combined forces, Archelaus' Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. army still greatly outnumbered Sulla's. Ancient Coin Specialist Nonethe less. Sulla's mililary genius proved crucia l, and he was able to Greek, Roman & score a decisive victory at the Batlle ~ of Chaeronea in 86 Be. Even after a new, even greater Pontic force landed in Greece following this defeat, Sulla was able 10 remain victorious, winning the Baltle of Orchomenus in 85 Be. Though the First Mithridatic War last ed longer, it is sufficient to say thai Sulla forced Mithridates to sue fo r peace and was able to successfully end the war. Sulla was eager to put this connict to rest as soon as possible be cause he wanted to gel back 10 Rome to deal with the pol itical situation there. In the spring of 83 BC, Sulla sel out from Greece with his forces to fight the army that the populares had amassed in Italy. Sulla's military campaigns in Greece and Asia, being as extensive as they were, required the production of a new series of coins (Sydenham 754-767). While most of these coins were struck at various military mints P.O. Box 3759, Frederick, MD 21705 moving wi th Sulln's army, it appears that some of them (Sydenham 754- Phone: (301 • Fax: 1 473·8716 · E-mail: [email protected] 16 The Gelator September 2011 17 755-an aureus and a denarius-see Fig. quaestor at this time, as the task as to strike gold coins, suggesting that his 7) were struck at an uncertain mint in s igned to him was th e job of a soldiers came to like their leader even Greece circa 84-83 Be. They depict quaestor. If this is the case, then the Q more since they probably obtained a lot the head of Ve nus on the obverse. an would re present the word "quaestor." of loot. appropriate goddess as Sulla suppos As this is only spec ulation , however, There is another anonymous iss ue ed ly felt that she was a patron deity of these two co ins arc considered anon simi lar to this one, with a very similar hi s. The reverse has a double cornu ymous issues. It also should be noted design. though with a wreath on the copia with a Q belo w. that thi s aureus struck by Sulla was the reverse and the inscription EX S. C. first gold coi n issued by a Roman since around 167 Be. Gold was only struck during the Republic under ex tenuating circumstances. This goes to show how big of a mili tary opera tion the First Mithridat ic War was, if it required gold coi ns. Th ese go ld coin s Figure 7-AR Denarius of SuI/a, military mint in struck by SuI1a, howev Figure 8- AR Denarius of Sulfa, minted at Rome, Greece, 84·83 Be. Sydenham 755, Crawford 375/ er, were of a new ty pe. 84-83 BG. Sydenham 763, Crawford 376/ 1. Pho 2. Photo courtesy of CNG, tnc. Whereas gold used to to courtesy of CNG, Inc. be struck in denomina tions of 20, 40, and 60 Sydenham has a theory as to what asses, Sulla struck an aureus valued (Sydenham 763-see Fig. 8). This issue, this Q means. Plutarch tell s uS that at 25 asses. It would go on to become however. is generally thought to have Su lla appointed one Lucius Licinius the standard gold coi n issued in the been minted in Rome circa 82 BC. The Lucullus to collect tribute from the Republic and Empirc un til the reforms reason fo r this diffe rence in attribution ci ties of As ia during the Mithridati c of Diocletian in 294 AD. The striking for two types that are so sim ilar is, ac Wur and strike coins. 11 It is possible. of th is gold coin al so shows the wealth cord ing to Sydenham, because the style if no t li kcly, that Lueu llu s was of Greece and Asia, since Sulla was able is extremely different. The style of the head on the obverse of755 is much more "Greek" whereas the head on 763 is more ;'Roman." However, as the inscrip tion is lacking any names of moneyers. this is purely speculative. C~:J The popul ares faction was now led D R. n us S OP E USN A C H F. by Gnaeus Papirus Carbo, the consu lar coll eague to Cinna in 85 and 84 BC, NUMISMATIST S AND and Gaius Marius the Younger. Carbo and Madus were the two consul s fo r AUCTIO N EERS SINCE 18 70 83 BC when Sulla made hi s return to Italy. This new leadership came about when Cinna, who in 84 BC was gath Founded as one of Ihe first numismatic allction hOllscs in Gcm~II1Y our finn has ering forces for an invasion of Greece been a centrc of Ihe numismatic tmde and for numismatic studies ever since. to chase after Sulla, was killed by mu We off('r experience lnd reliability lpptied 10 l complele set of servic('S from tinous soldiers who believed they had <."StimalC"S and expcTl :ldvice 10 Ihe a("quisilion and sate of im1'OI1:II1\ single items no reason to fi ght Sulla's army. Be :IS welt :'5 of cnlil"(' collections :md Ihe staging of SC"Veml Ill"yor aUCIions :I year. cau se of thi s. Carbo was forced to For fUTlher information order Our catalogues or visit our weh sile abandon that plan and stay in Italy. w","'W.pcus·/lluenzen.de When Sulla returned to italy, he was able, with his battle-hardened veterans, to defeat the forces of Carbo and Mari us. Though Sulla was willing to accept the rights gained by the Italians under the populares, the Samnites were still numbered in the ranks of his enemies. In a great battle known as the Battle of Colline Gate, which took place JU St out side and withi n lhe city of Rome itself, Sul1a defeated the Samnites in the fall OJ(. BUSSO PEUS NACHF ! 130RNWIESENWEG 34 of 82 BC, signifying the end of Romc's D-60322 FI,ANKFURT AM MAI N! TEL. ... 49(69)-9 59 66 20 First Civil War. FAX ... 49(69)·555995/ WWW.PE US·MUENZEN.DE 18 The Celator ANACS t-_____T..:..: H~E:...::C~O~LL~ECTOR'S CHOICE TM ANACS - America's Oldest Coin G r ad-::-in-g-S-e=-rv:"':i c ;':;e . ~E-s-ta-bl-is-he-d-1 -97-2-. -----I Call fa a .free, $tlbl1P$$iOll ti~ I ANACS • www.anacs.com p.o. Box 6000· Eng'-d, 0080155 800-888-1881 [email protected] ------...... - September 201 1 19 There arc several numismatic rem head of Jupiter on the obverse with S BC, well after the death of Sulla (so nants of Sulla's Civil War, which help C below. The S C stands for .fellatlls therefore I wi ll not deal with the other to illuminate the narrative of Ihe war. conslillO, whic h was a relatively com coinage relating to Senori us in Of course, the Iriumviri mone/ales mon addition to coins meaning "by Spain).17 were striking coins as usual during the decree of the Senate." I" It may not be Of course, in addition to these, Sul war, and probably at a higher volume reading too much into it to say that la himself had to prod uce coins at mil the reason for specificall y add itary mints to pay for his soldiers dur ing this to the coin was for ing the Civil War. Sydenham divides Ba lbus to emphasize his legit these into three basic types b:lsed on imacy in contrast to Sulla's the inscriptions on the coins. The first arguably traitorous actions. type, whic h was struck in both aurei The reverse depicts Victory and denarii (Sydenham 756-759-see driving a quadriga, holding a Fig. II) depicts the head of Roma right wreath and palm branch, an with L. MANU PRO. Q (or some vari other common type on Roman ation of it). L. Manlius Torquatus was coins. Balbus would not get acting as proqu:lestor. a positi on in mu ch of an opportunity to which he fulfilled the same duties as a showcase his leadership abi li quaestor, but was appointed by Sulla. Figure 9- AR Serrate Denarius of Q. Antonius Ba/· ties because he was bus, Rome mint, 83-82 BG. Sydenham 742a, killed by L. Marcius Crawford 364/1c. Photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. Philippus, a legate of Sull a·s. in the same than usulli. What we want to rind, year of his appointment. though, arc any coins or moncycrs that On the optimates side, be have direct connections to the war. si des those issues of Su lla him One person that fits this description is self, wh ich will be dealt with Q. Antonius Balbus. He was appoint in a moment. there is the coin ed praetor for Sardinia in 82 BC by the age of two quaestors of the pro populares, which was a sort of govern consul C. Annius Luscus, L. ing position in th is C:lSC mther than a Fabius Iii spaniensis and C. judicial one. In thi s capacity, he was Tarqu itius (Sydcnham 748- Figure l1-AR Denarius of Sulla and L. Manlius able to strike a ty pe of denariu s (Sy 749-see Fig. 10). Luscus was Torquatus, military mint, 82 BG. Sydenham 757a, denham 742-see Fig . 9). It bears the sent by Sulla to Spain to deal Crawford 36715. Photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. with Qu intus Sertorius, a populari st proconsul. The The reverse has Sulla driving a trium obverse on all coins in thi s se phal chariot right, holding a branch, ries has Ihe bust of Ann:l Pc and being crowned by Victory and the renna, the Roman goddess of letters L. SVLLA 1M (or some varia cycles and the New Year. and lion). This reverse is said to depict the an abbreviation of the name of triumph Sulla obtained by defeating Luscus. The reverse depicts Mithridates. However, this coin is also victory in :I quadriga holding usually said to have been struck in 82 a palm branch, and :In abbre BC, which is interesting because Su l viation of the name of one of la did not celebrale his triumph over the quaesto rs. Senorius Mi thridates unt il 8 1 BC. II So either Figure 1O-AR Denarius of C. Annius Luscus with proved a worthy opponent, this coin was struck before Sulla actu L. Fabius L.f. Hispaniensis, Spanish mint, 82-81 and conti nued to menace ally had his triumph. or the att ribution Be. Sydenham 748, Crawford 366/1a variety. Rome unt il he was assassinat should be changed to 81 Be. The in Photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. ed by his own officers in 73 scription on the reverse stands for Lu cius Sulla Imperator. This was a title awarded to generals after a great vic tory, which Sulla assumed fO llowing the Mithridatic War. On a side note, it is obvious that these coins were in tend ed for a more utilitarian than aesthetic purpose. It is known (see Triton IX, lot 1283) th:lt even though dies may have caralogrle 0/1 request broken, they continued to be used. In normal times this would not be the KIRK DAVIS case, especially on gold coins, which were held to a higher artistic standard. Classical Numismatics The next type that Sydenham de scribes (Sydenham 760~761-see Fi g. Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 9 171 I 12 on page 22) is sometimes said to Tel: (909) 625 -5426 [email protected] ... 20 The Celator )2lrtemide )2lste ------5.r.[------Auction l IE Saturday 15 and Sunday 16 October, 2011 Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Medieval, World Coins, Papal Medals jlrtemiae fiste s.d . - Via A. Giangi 4 - 47891 DOGANA· Republic of San Marino Tel. +378 0549 908845 - Fax +378 0549-972142 Email: [email protected] http://www.artemideaste.com Printed catalogue available upon request. The entire catalogue can be viewed on our website. September 2011 2 1 not become augur until 82 Be. that the priestly symbols on the reverse Arthur Keaveney explains th is are representative of Sulla's own au by stat ing, "The augural sym gurale. Therefore, I would put forward bol s of the jug and lituus were the con tention that this series of coins intended to remind the Ro was struck circa 82 BC in It aly, and mans that, on the morning of not 84-83 BC in the East as had previ his inauguration, Sulla, as the ou sly been thought by some. law required, had taken the The thi rd ty pe Sydenham describes au spi ces to see if the gods is an aureus issue (Sydenham 762) were weU disposed 10 his hold struck by Sulla in 8 i -80 BC. The ob ing the impcrium. When they verse, simil ar to Sydenham 756-759, Figure 12- AR Denarius of SuI/a, military mint, 84- had signified their goodwi ll. bears the helmeted head of Roma right 83 BC. Sydenham 761a, Crawford 359/2. Photo Sulla had then passed hi s {ex with the lettering A. MANU. A. F. Q .. courtesy of CNG, Inc. C/lriata which automatictllly The reverse, on the other hand, is more made his imperium j usrum [Ie interesting. It has an equestria n statue have been struck wh ile Sulla was still gitimate]."19 The problem with this in of Sulla. and the inscription L. SVLL in the East campaigning against Mith terpretation is that Sulla cou ld not FELl. Die. (or a variation thereof). ridates, and struck in 84-83 Be. I' m have proclaimed him including it here for reasons that will se lf imperator ir erul/! soon become apparent. The obverse un til after he had bears the head of Venus, with Cupid achieved a second vic to her right, standing left, holding a tory. If we assume he palm branch; be low is L. SVLLA. proclaimed himself Again, we see the use of Venus on imperator fo r the first Sulla's coins because he felt a strong ti me after his victory connection to thi s goddess. The re in the Mithridati c War, verse depicts ajug and li tuus, symbols then the second time of the augurate, between two trophies, he assumed th e title with IMPER ITERVM, meaning "im could have been fol perator on ce more." If these coins low ing hi s victory in were struck in the East in 84-83 BC, it the Civil War. Thi s in would be interesti ng to include the terprctation would fall Figure 13-1E As of SuI/a, 82 Be. Sydenham 767, Craw sy mbols of the augurate as Sulla did in line with the idea ford 368/1. Photo courtesy of CNG, Inc. The statue is a re ference to the gilt equestrian statue that the Senate voted to construct in honor of Sulla in late 82 BC th :tt supposedly was in scribed "Cornelio Sullae Imperatori Felic i." This also shows that it was at thi s time that Sulla was given the agnomen Fe lix by the Senate. The inscription on ail the coin, of course, refers to the office http://www.cgb.fr/inde.gb.htm) of dictator to which Sulla was elected in 82 Be. This leads perfectly back to ~. cients (GreekJRoman) the hi storical narrati ve, which left off Celtics at Sulla winning the Civil Wa r. Fr-ench Royals In addition to these three types, Merovingians there is a rare bronze as issue from cir ca 82 Be (Sydenham 767-see Fig. 13). Fendals It is not very noteworthy, but should Medievals be incl uded in the discuss ion simply Fr,en,:h l\1oderns fo r well-roundedness. As was usual on asses, the obverse depicts the laureate 46"rue ... Vivienoe head of Jan us. The reverse has a prow . 75002 PARIS of a ga lley right, with L. SVL above 42.33,1l5.99 and IMPE below. When Sulla returned to Rome , he 1 .::,::----=:~!!!!~_._--....!~~.:....5..!~~h. fr instituted hi s mosl notorious act, the one that tarnished the legacy he would leave o n Rome: the proscriptions. These were lists of political opponents of Sulla's; pretty much anyone who had wronged him in the past. He would Samuel 22 The Cefator -- NUMISMATIC A ARS CLASSICA NAC AG Is proud to announce its forthcoming Autumn auctions featuring two of the most important and prestigious American private collections of Roman coins. Auction 61 - October 5 & 6, 2011 THE RB W COLLECTION OF ROMAN R EPUBLICAN COINS : PART I Auction 62 - October 6, 2011 T HE S.c. MARKOFF C OLLECTION OF R OMAN COINS Catalogues are sent upon request against payment of an annual sUbscri ption fee of US D 100.00 ~ CPlease address catalogue orders to the Zurich address onJ y) I NUMISMA TICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG Niederdorfstrasse 43 3rd Floor Genavco House PO Box 2655 17 Waterloo Pl ace CH - 8022 Zuri ch OB - London SW I Y 4AR Phone +41 44 26 1 1703 Phone +44 20 7839 7270 Fax +41 44 261 5324 Fax +44 20 7925 2 174 [email protected] [email protected] www.arsclassicacoins.com September 2011 23 periodically expand these lists, and and drove his wi fe. fami ly, and friends he was the most qualified person. With things soon devolved into pandemo out of Ihe city. They denied him es Fl accus leading them, the people nium. "Those named on the lists were sential supplies and reinforcements. so therefore elected Sull a dictato r. But condemned to death without trial. their that for a timc hc ran the risk of being again, thi s specific di ctatorship was property was confiscated, and their de entirely des troyed. They sent out an still differcnt in other ways than pre scendants were barred from standing other general to replace him and, vious ones. [n addition to the unortho for office for two generations, though when, after all thi s, he still sought rec dox way of being elected, Sulla was they were still li able to the du ties of oncil iation, they spurned hi s oyer given broader powers than anyone their station."2(1 Bands of people wou ld tu res. 12 person had been give n in the history wander the streets of Rome looking to of the Roman Republic . Arthur Keav kill anyone on the lists and then col· The proscriptions lasted until June eney describes the powers given to lect the reward money (two talents, of 81 Be. Appian tel ls us th at about Sulla as: according to Plutarc h)21 and earn the 40 senators and 1,600 equites were thanks of Sulla. If they could not fi nd killed in total. 2) Concurrently wi th Every decree of hi s was to become anyone on the lists. they would kill Ihis. Sulla was advancing hi s own po law automatically ... He thus had the someone else and present him as if he litical goals in other ways. power to make laws and alter the con were on the lists. Or. they wou ld ki ll He was decl ared dicwtor, a posi stitu tion in any way he wished. In ad someone and simply add hi s name to tion only created in times of emergen dition, he was entit led to ho ld a /ectio the I ist. This sort of th ing was unheard cy, the last one be in g in 202 BC. at senate~i [the power to appoint new sen of in Rome 's history, and possibly the the end of the Second Punic War. In ators] . He was to have the power of firs t of its kind in the world. Arthur addition, the dictatorship that Su lla life and death, power to confiscate Keaveney offers this explanation for assumed was unprecedented on three pro perty. found or destroy cities, set Sulla's merciless behavior: levels. For one. the dictator was al up colonies, take away fro m or bestow ways nominOll ed by a consul. but since kingdoms on client princcs. Thc prov [Sulla's reasons arel to be found in both consuls of 82 Be were dead. Sui inces, the treasury and the courts were the suffering and humiliation which he la had Valerius Flaccus, the princeps in his complete control. Fin all y, it was himself had undergone. Whi le he was senates, appointed interrex in order to he who wou ld decide whether Rome waging a desperate and uncertain war oversee the elections, which was nor shou ld be at war or at peace. In brief. on Rome 's behalf [in GreeceJ. hi s en mally the job of the consuls. Sulla then he wa s total master o f the Roman emies at home deliberately stabbed sent a leller to Flaccus. ex plaining that wor l d .~· him in the back. They declared him a he thought the office of dictator should publ ic enemy, wrccked his property be rev ived. and said IhOll he believed Fi nally, the last way in whiC h SuI la's dictatorship was unprecedented was that he was given no term limit. He would ho ld the offi ce indefinitely. As we will sec. it is in hi s handling of a limitle ss d ictatorship that Sulla stands in sta rk contrast with Jul ius Caesar. a generation later. A comprehensive discussion of Sulla's actions as dictator is beyond our purposes. Suffice il to say, he worked toward increasing the power of the Senate, as was in li ne with the optimate thinking. He increased the membership to the Sena te fro m 300 to 600, and purposefully weakened the other powers of government to accen tuate that of the Senate. For cx ample, he rev ived 11 law he passed in 88 Be whereby all legislation had to first be approved by the Senate. What are of numismatic interest are Sulla's judi cial reforms, specifically the creation W e are currently accepting material of the qlUlt:stio de fa/sis. This was a for our future auction program_ court that dealt solely with counterfeit If you're thinking of selling contact us today. or forged documents and coi ns. The law under wh ich this court operated was th e lex Cornelia de falsis. The DIX NOONAN WEBB penalty that Sulla imposed was death for sla ves, and deportation for freed 16 Bolton Street Mayfair London WIJ BBQ England men .15 Previously, one praetor. M. Telephone 44 20 7016 1700 Fax 44 20 7016 1799 Mariu s Gratidianus, had, in 86 or 85 Be. comc up with a test for counterfeits Email coins@ dnw.co.uk 24 The Gelator September 2011 25 for which he received widespread ac BC and seemed intent on holding the dered hi s resignation as consul and re claim. 16 In fact, Pliny tells us that Gra office, if not for life then for many years. turned to his country house with the in tidianus had several statues erected Sulla held the office for about a year. n tention of retiring from public life. throughout the city in his honor. 21 What Once Sulla achieved the constitu tional To get a complete profile of a per his method for assaying coins was, how reforms he was aiming for. he believed son, il is often necessary to view a por ever, remains a mystery. The actions of his duty as dictator was complete. Cae trait of them. In this, we find the impor both Gratidianus and Sulla suggest that sar conferred upon himself the powers tance of coins. No labeled busts of Sul counterfeiting was a serious problem at of a king. which uilimately led Brutus la exist. The only way we know for sure this time. Counterfeits, orfourrees, had and Cassius to assassinate him in defense what Sulla looked like was on a series been around since nearly the creation of of the RepUblic. Sulla became diclator of coins issued by his grandson Q. coinage itself, with them becoming Pompeius Rufus in 54 Be (sec Fig. extremely common in Rome starting 14). The obverse depicts the head of in about 130 Be. It seems that the Rufus (who was consul at the time) Roman government tolerated coun and the inscription RVFVS COS on terfeits to a degree, but that does not the left and Q. paM. RVFI on the necessarily mean the people did as ri ght. The reverse bears the head of well. Gratidianus and Sulla were Sulla and the in scription SVLLA probably respondi ng to public out COS. This is the only definitive im cry at the prevalence of counterfeits, age of Sulla known to us. From this, rather than attempting 10 help the scholars have been able to identify government. Counterfeits would marble busts and other images of Sul have affected common people much la !hat were unlabelled. more seriously than they would have Figure 14-AR Denarius of O. Pompeius Rufus that Sulla spent the las! years of his life the government. depicts his grandfather, SuI/a, on the reverse, Rome writing his autobiography. Unfortu During the year 8 t BC, Sulla de mint, 54 Be. Sydenham 908, Crawford 434/ 1. Pho nately. mast of this work is lost, with clared his intemion of running for the to courtesy of CNG, Inc. only a few small excerpts existing office of consul in 80 BC, and relin through the works of others. It was quishing the dictatorship upon assump for the precise reason of protecting the unfinished when he died in 78 Be of an tion of the consul ship . It is in this re Republic, and wished to become consul oral hemorrhage. but was completed by spect that Sulla differs fro m Julius Cae the following year simply to ensure that one of his freedmen. Undoubtcdl y, this sar a generation later. Whereas Caesar his reforms were secure. At !he end of work was a defense of his life, explain declared himself dicrator perperuo in 44 the year 80 BC, as law required, he ten- ing why his actions were jusl. This was probably intended more for future gen erations. because the size and splen dor of hi s funeral. unsurpassed by any prev ious in the Republic. shows how ANTIQUA INC. much he was beloved by thc people of Rome in his own ti me. No matter what • Specializing in ancient art and numis your personal feelings are concerning Sulla, there is no denying hi s impor matics with an emphasis on quality, tance in hi story. rarity, and desirability 8iblioeraphy • Over 25 years of professional expertise Appianus. Translated by Horace White. TIle Roman History of Appian • Regul ar and active presence in the of Alexandria, Volume 2. New York: international marketplace George Bell and Sons. Th e Cambridge Anciellt Hisrory: • Fully illustrated catalogues featuring Th e Last Age oj the Roman Republic, carefully selected material 146-43 B.C. Volume 9 of The Ca m bridge Anciellt History. Edited by lor • Representation for seri ous collectors werth Eiddon Stephen Edwards. Cam at all major international auction sales bridge Un iversity Press, 1970. Ciccro. Marcus Tullius. The Fou r· • Appraisals, market advice, liquidation teen Philippic Orations. O xford: advice and professional courtesy to all James Thornton. 1878. Cross, John Ashton, and Hunter. interested parties William Al exander. A Systematic and • Visit our web site: Antiquainc.com Historical Expositioll of Roman Law ill the Order of a Code. Sweet & Max A/ully illustrared catalogue sent upon request well, 1903. Keaveney, Arthur. Sulla: The Last 20969 VENTURA BLVD., SUITE #11 TEL: 818-88 7-00 11 Republican. Great Britain : Croom WOODlAND HILLS, CA 91364 FAX: 818-887-0069 Helm Ltd, 1982. E-Mail: [email protected] 26 The Gelator G. HIRSCH OF MUNICH ANNOUNCES /~ IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTIONS -,~/ OF ANCIENT AND WORLD COINS; ~.7 ANTIQUITIES & PRECOLUMBIAN ART 3131: Bruttium. Caulonia. 3 169: Sic il y. Akragas. 530-475 Be. AR Stater. 425·4 13 Be. AR Tetradrachm. 3354: Italy. Siculo-Punic. Bearzat. Ca. 264 Be. AR Decadrachm. 3242: Sicily. Naxos. 3289: Sicily. Sy racuse. By Kimon. 430-420 BC. AR Tetradrachm. Ca. 405 Be. AR Tetradrachm . AUCTION Nos. 273-276 September 20th -24th, 2011 Live Bidding via the Internet now available! Catalogued alld sold by Ir------, Mi.inzenhandlung I I Gerhard Hirsch Nachf. I Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger Promcnadcplatz 10, D-80333 Miinchen, Germany I Promenadeplatz 10 I Enclosed please find £30.00 for your 0-80333 Mtinchen, Gennany I Auction Sale C~tatogue and Prices Reali zed (after sale). I Tel: +49 (089) 29 2 1 50 I Name I Fax: +49 (089) 2283675 I Street I L ______~ E-mail: coi nhi [email protected] I ~ -. I Internet: www.coinhirsch.de September 2011 27 Piccolomini, Manfredi. The Brutus 13 Plutarch, Sullo, 12 IAPN Cont. from page 44 Revival: Parricide and Tyrannicide Dur 14 Thompson, 438 ing the Renaissance. $IU Press, 199 1. I S Plutarch, Lucul/us, 4 Each year, the IAPN raises money Pliny the Elder. The Natural History 16 Vagi, Vol. II , 43 for a local charity in the city where their ofPliny, Volume 6. G. Bell and Sons, [898. 17 Cambridge Ancient History. 219- congress is being held. This year the Plutarch. Translated by Robin Water 220 association raised a total of 1560 Brit field. Roman Lives: A Selectio/l of Eight 18 Cambridge Ancient His/ory, 200 ish pounds ($2,527.00 U.S .) for "Ch il Roman Lives. Oxford University Press, 19 Keaveney, I [8 dren 1"'," a leading child welfare chari 1999. 20 Cambridge Ancient History, 197 ty in Scotland. The charity focuses on Thompson, Margaret. The New Style 21 Pl utarch, Sulfa, 31 the prevention of cruelty to children in Silver Coinage ofAth ens. New York: The 22 Keaveney, 158-159 protecting them from harm, abuse, and American NumismatieAssociation. 1961. 23 Appian, Civil Wars, XI, 95, neglect. Vagi. David L. Coil/age and Histol), 24 Keaveney. 161 Several im portant topiCS were dis of the Romul! Empire, Volume 2. Chica 25 Cross and Hunter, 1062 cussed at this year's congress; this in go: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999. 26 Cambridge Ancient History, 525 cludes reports from the vari ous sub Wolff. Hans Julius. Roman Law: An 27 Pliny, HN, XXXIll, 46 committees. The IAPN has been work Historical Introduction. University of 28 Caesar was elected to the dicta ing diligently on several developments Oklahoma Press, 1951. torship four times in his life. The third, within the numismatic industry to bet in 46 Be, was for ten years, which was ter the hobby. Th is includes the estab Endnotes changed in 44 Be to dictator perpet lishment of the "Committee on Interna 1 Piccolomini , 56 uo. Camhridge Ancient History, 498 tional Trade," wh ich presented an elab 2 Plutarch, Sill/a, 1.6 orate report on issues pertaining to 3 ibid 2 About the author- Sam Spiegel is a import and export laws as well as cu l 4 Keaveney, 12 third-year undergraduate at the Uni tural property laws. The committee is 5 Wolff, 34 versi ty of Chicago maj oring in Clas working diligently to preserve the rights 6 Keaveney, 20 sics and History. Potentially interest of collectors within the numismatic com 1 Vagi, Coin #9 ed in a career as a classical numisma munity. Reports were also given by IB R Keaveney, 45 tist, Sam has interned for both the SCC and of the Anti Forgery Commit 9 Plutarch, Sul/a, 8 Classical Numismatic Group and Har tees. The topic of discussing forgeries 10 Plutarch, Sul/d, 9 lan J. Berk Ltd .. within the market place is no stranger to 11 K eaveny, 4 these meetings. The IBSCC and Anti 1 ~ Cicero, Philippics, 8.2.7 Forgery Committees meet regularly to discuss and combat these issues. For more information regarding the IAPN, please visit their website : www.iapn-coins.org,orcontacttheGen A STEI!IR T E eral Secretary & Executive Director: Jean-Luc Van Der Schueren :. COINS & FINE ART 14, rue de la Bourse B-1000 Brussels Belg iu m Ph: 32-2-513-3400; Fax: 32-2-51 2- 2528 Email: [email protected] A fu ll list of IAPN members with con Ancient Coins - Modern Coins tact information can be found on their Historical medals website: www.iapn-coins.org. YOU CAN HELP US save time and money by renewing early The Celator P.O. Box 10607 Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 TeUFax: (717) 656-8557 or Online at our secure site www.VCoins.com/Celator 28 The Gelator I~KONKER Coin and Gold Trading Aucti on House for Coins and Medals CATALOGUE 193: Coins from [he An cient World (approx. 1.230 lOIs) CHALOGUE 194: Coins and M c d:l.J ~ from Medi eval to Modern Times (approx. 1.840 lou) CATALOGUE 195; Collection Franz Josef I. (appro;(, 800 [ors) CATALOGUE 196: Sweden and it 's Posses sions - The Julius Hagander Coll ection Part II (approx. 210 locs) CATALOGUE 197: Gold Coins (approx. [,580 lots) • German Coins since [871 (approx. 870 lots) C.'oTALOGU E 198: Russian Coins and Med· als (approx. 650 lou ) · Chinese Coins :md Medals (approx. 620 loes) Interested in receiving our Auction Catalogues? Simply contact us! Call, +49 54! 96 20 20 Fa" +49 54! 96 20 222 Email: [email protected] Visit us online: www.kucnker.co m Pro6t from our Experience - Consign your Corns and M edals! More than IO,1X)(} dicms worldwide pla ce their trust in us. Our company's fi rst au c [ioll was held l!l 1985. and we can look back 0 11 a positivc track record of ov~r 190 auctions since that rime. Four times a year. the Kil nkcr auction gallery become s a ma jor rendez\'()us for friends of numisma t ics. T his is wherc several thousand bidders regularly parricipate in our auctions. Fri rJ; Ru dolf Kiinker GmbH & Co. KG Gutt nbcrgsrrasse 23 . 49076 Osna briick Germany' www.kuenkcr.com Osnahruck· Berlin' Munich Z urich' Moscow ARETHUSA'S ENIGMATIC HEADBAND by Lawrence Sekulich The symbols on ancient coins pro vide a vast resource of in formation. These signs are basically a visual short hand that supply the observer with a wealth of infonnation about the culture of the issuing authority. For example, the symbolic images on coins can te ll us about the religion. military victor1cs, current events and founding of a cily. Sometimes the symbol is obvious, such as the image of Athena personifyi ng the city of Athens. In other cases, the sym bol can be rather obscure, misidentified Figure 1-Silver Dldrachm of Syracuse, Sicily. Photo courtesy of the author. or overlooked. Such is the case of a headband on a very rare didrachm of Syrac use, Sicily (see Fig. I). Arethusu. The myth of the nymph The most common jewelry includ Arethusa, being chased by the river ed earrings, necklaces and headbands. Jewelry for Arethlls:t god Alpheus fr om near Olympia, One of the most frequently appearing Greece to her final destination as a head bands is a diadem of beads that The early coinage of Syracuse Iyp fo untain at Syracuse, Sicily was part actually may be pearls, another sym ically features a reverse im age of of the Syracusan foundat ion legend . bol of Areth usa's watery travels. Perhaps because she was unique to Syracuse, and reponed An Unusual Headband ly very attractive, the Syracusan die engravers frequently cut dies On thi s coin we fi nd a headband of great beauty. They surrou nded un ique to the Syracusan series (see the image o f the fres h water Fig. 2). It has pendants hanging from nymph with dolph in s. The dol beads. Beneath the pendants are pos phins symbolica ll y represented the sibly three parallel lines indicating rib salt-water sea that Arethusa passed bon or wire. Across the upper pari of through on her way to Syracuse. Arethusa's hair another linear element To add a feminine touch to the termin31es at a bead at the front. A imagery, the dies engra vers gave seed-like pendant appears to be han g Arethu sa a wide va riety of hair ing fro m thi s central bead. This ha ir sty les and jewelry. band has been described as a fill et with Figure 2- An enlargement of Arethusa's head ovoid pendants, a beaded fi llet with band. Photo courtesy of the author. oblong-shaped pendants. a pearl string with fl oppy-shaped pendants, a bud ding wreath , a headband with bud-like appendages, and a taenia with acorn shaped pendants. So, what is it? Words li ke "ovoid ," "oblong ," and "noppy" shaped pen dants arc accurate. Also, it should be remembered that much ancient Greek art is pu rely decorative. But those terms seem rather general. °Close ex amination tells us that the headband is not made up of acorn-shaped (or oak-leaf) pendants. Howeve r, the "bud-l ike" or plant aspect may be the right approach. 30 Th e Gelator S WISS INTE RN A T IONA L COIN AUCT IO N AG AUCTION 2 Octobe r 24·25,2011 OLO COLLECTION OF COINS AND MEDALS OF EASTERN EUROPE 3000 lots with emphasis on Russia and Poland AUCTION 3 October 25 2011 SPECIAL COLLEalON OF BYZANTINE GOLD COINS 540 coins in finest quality AUCTION 4 October 25, 31 an d November I, 2011 COINS AND MEDALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO MODERN TIMES. BANKNOTES With special series of Malta Gold coins of Zurich and ra re ca ntonal coin s To be held in the Hotel Savoy I 8aur en Ville, Postslrasse 12, CH -8001 Zu rich, Switzerland Catalogues will be sent against paymen t of $ 25 I € 18 The auction will be posled on Sixbid ('M'MI.sixbi d.com) approx. 3 weeks before the auction date SINCONA AG, Pe lik anstrasse " , CH·800 1 Zurich Tel. +4 1 44 215 1090. Fax +41 44 215 1099, [email protected],www.sincona.co m September 2011 31 Gold and gilt-bronze headbands were made in t he ancient Greek world that used various leaf shapes as a primary design element (see Fig . 3 on page 34). T he leaf shapes used included oak, olive, ivy, vine, laurel, and myrtle . Symbolically, these plants and trees arc associated with v arious G reek immortals and myths. For example, ivy and grape vines were attributes of Dionysos. Similarly, gold wreaths were worn for certain religious ceremonies and were often left as dedications at Greek temp les and sanctuaries. A review of images of the possible 5:00pm plants makes the myrtle or laurel tree 3:00pm the most likely source of the leaves on th is coin. The shape of both of these leaves, somewhat rounded at the top and pointed at the bottom, closely matches the type on the coin. Myrtle for a Wedding? Symbolically, myrtle leaves offer possibly one connection to Arethusa. Myrtle was associated with Aphrodite Organizer: Miinzen Modes, Relchenbachslr. 17, 0·80469 Miinchen, and brides. While Alpheus wanted to Tel. +49 (0)89 • 26 83 59, Fax +49 (0)89 - 260 90 60 be romantica lly involved with www.numismala.de • e-mail: numismala.modes@l·online.de Arethusa, the feeling was obviously not mutual. However, could a coin, such as this one, have been designed to commemorate a wedding? °Hi_ eron, who took power in Syracuse in ANCIENT COINS ONLINE 478, married twice to all eviate po litical difficulties. However, this j ust www.vcoins.comJancientlwaynephillips misses the possible 480 Be tenni nation for this coin. Also, Myrtle leaves are small and the scale represented on the coin would not be literally accurate. How ever, that would not necessarily pre vent the celator from taking artistic license with this design. Laurel for Arcthusa and Daphne? T he symbolic significance of a headband of laurel leaves presents sev eral possibilities. The myth of Daphne and Apollo is one link. Daphne, like Arethusa, was beautiful, lived a pas WAYNE C. PHILLIPS toral existence and wanted nothing to do with men. Daphne, like Arethusa, P.o. Box 4096 was pursued by a god hopelessly in love with her. Both invoked help, Diamond Bar, CA 91765-0096 Arethusa from Artemis and Daphne from Gaea. Finally, to en d the chase, ANA Life Member ANS Si nce 1963 both were transformed. Arethusa was Phone (909) 629-0757 email: [email protected] changed into a fountain wh ile Daphne was tu rned into a laurel tree. T hese "Serving Th e Collector Since 1959" mythological chases also greatly af- 32 The Celator We'll see you at the www.freemanandsear.com lONBlEACH Unsurpassed expertise and expe rience in the field of classical coins. We offer COIN. SlIMP ~ Alarge inventory of qua li ty Greek, Ro man, Byzmlti ne and Biblical coins &comcnBII in all price ra nges. DPO ~ Among the finest Fixed Price Lists and Mail Bid Sales in the field, m·llilable September 8-10, 20 11 in print and downloadable fom}. Long Beach, CA ~ Personalized service in starting, building and liquidating collections. Visit our website for details ~ Auction represe ntation and consultation at all major sales the world over. Freeman & Sear I P.O. Box 64 1352 I Los Angeles, California 90064-6352 TEL: 310/450-9755 FAX: 310/4;0-886; email: [email protected] September 2011 33 rected the involved gods. Alpheus was A Horse Race? Celebrating a Poet? so distraught that he changed himself into water at Arethusa's fountain so Another possible connection to the Finally, maybe there is a literary he could be with her forever. Apol laurel leaf may be to the obverse hors competition element to the head- band. lo honored Daphne by wearing a es. Perhaps the tyrant Gclon and his A band of laurel was awarded to the wreath made from laurel leaves. Lat brother Hieron, both of whom were noted great poets o f the period. Maybe the er, a garland of laurclleaves became for their successes in horse and quadriga coins design was created to celebrate an award to great poets, a rtists, racing, directed the mint to add the laurel the arrival of the poet Pindar (see Fig. scholars and athletes. of victory to Arethusa? On a typical tet 4). Pindar, who lived circa 518-446 Maybe the laurel leaves were radrachm of the period, Nike would be Be , was patronized by the ruling fam shown to simply remind the Syracu shown flying to crown the victorious hors ilies of Syracuse. Pindar's Third sans of the transforming power of the es of a quadriga. Putting the laurel leaves Pythiall Ode (celebrating Hieron's tri gods? But this also seems to be reach on Arethusa would be a nod of apprecia umph in a horse race) and First Nem ing for a connection. tion to the city of Syracuse, and hence by ean Ode (written in praise of Hi eron's association to her dynamic ru ler. hrother-in-law's chariot victory) both make obvious references to the Arethusa myth. What better way to commemorate the occasion than to strike an exceptional coin? Again, though, there is a timcline issue. Pin dar's Pythian Ode dates to circa 474 BC, again just sli ghtly past the coin's circa 480 BC end date. It should be noted that Arethusa be came known as the muse for pastoral poetry as a result of Pindar's poems. What the Coin-Tells Us Regardless of the demonstrated is sues with attempting 10 putArethusa's Figure 3-Gold wreaths of myrtle leaves, mid 4'h century Be (left) and of oak leaves, hair band into a historical or symbol- 4'h_sro century Be (right). Photos courtesy of Benaki Museum, Athens. f'rofiIes in jF! umismati(s Alfred D. Hoch 1935·2010 Noted numismatic publisher Alfred D. Hoch. 75. of Lexington, Massachusetts. died on November 25''. 2010 after a long illness. Born January 31 ", 1935 in Philadelphia, son of Alfred and Frieda (Heurfeld) Hoch, Al was a graduate of the MIT class of 1957 with a BS in Mechanical Engineering. Al had national lOp -secret security clearance at the Draper Laboratory in Cambridge where he worked on inertial navigation systems. He founded Quarterman Publications, a boutique publishing company, which has provided generations of advanced collectors and curators with access to high quality reprints of scarce definiti lie reference works in various collecting fields , such as colonial coins, medals, stamps, Civil War tokens. Ameri Figure 4-Bust of the lyric poet Pindar. can political badges and ribbons, and early coins from various countries. Al was himself Roman copy of a 5'h century Be origi a dedicated and lifelo ng collector of coins, tokens, and ephemera, and became an ac nal. Museo Arche%gica Nazionale, knowledged authority on vintage posters and antique paper Americana in his later years. Naples. Formerly of Lincoln, Mass., Al received a lifetime achievement award from the Ameri· can Numismatic Society fo r his scholarly contributions in the field of nu mismatics. Some of the noteworthy reprints that Al published unde r the Quarterman imprint were ic context, we know several things for American Colonial His/ory lI{r.mrated by Contemporory Medals by Betts, Medallic /1- certain from the numismatic evidence. iustratiolls o/the History o/Great Britain and Ireland, and Early Coin.l· of America by Boehringer 50 is a one type reverse Crosby. (Biographical infonnation courtesy of Alan Hoch. Photo courtesy of The E die. That is, it is not linked to any oth Sylum and Numismatic Bibliomania Society.) er obverse dies and only appears on this coin. Also, a didrachm was issued & This feature is provided courtesy of Ko lbe Fanning in much fewer quantities than the tet- Numismatic Booksellers, Gahanna, OH 43230 continued on page 36. 34 The Gelator MoscH G I ESSENER MONZHANDLUNG GMBH Auction 199/200 In collaboration with pro aurum October 10-11, 2011 NUMISMATIK High value Ancient coins Celtic, Greek and Roman coins Gorny & Mosch GmbH Collection of Electrum~coins MaximiJianspiat<,: 20 ,.);..L Byzantine gold, Lots D-80333 Munchen ~ . PNG Tel: + 49-89-24 22 64 30 , ;~, Fax: + 49-89-228 55 13 V' [email protected] Auction 201 October 12-14, 2011 Gorny & Mosch Moskau Coins and Medals Andrey Pyatygin TeL: 007 915 014 3539 from Medieval to Modern [email protected] Brandenburg-Ansbach-Bayreuth and Andreastaler collections Catalogo 15 € or online: "vww.gmcoinart.de Collection of Tyrol coins, Nuremberg gold Live Online Bidding! Islam, Russia, Gold, Lots SHOPS The big online coin mall • Ancient Coins 200,000 coins, medals, banknotes and accessories • Medieval • The Holy Roman Empire • German Coins makes coin buying as easy as • Medals, marks, jetons • Error Coins child's play • Empire Germany Coins • Colonies • Weimar Republic, 3, Reich • Allied occupation • BRD I DDR • World Coins and Euro • Gold ... and much more. September 2011 35 Arethusa Coot. from page 34 radrachm and is therefore a scarce de nomination. Likewise, possibly as few as 12 specimens of th is coin arc known, most are part of museum col lections. Boehringer lists lOin total, 6 of which are in museum cabinets. The die was cut, in spite of the retro grade "S," with great care. Likewise, the composition and model ing is of fine, archaic Greek, style. Finally, this is the on ly coin in the entire 300-year history of Syracusan numismatics to display this particular type of head band. No Answer? So, why was Arethusa wearing this unique headband? As mentioned ear lier, perhaps the die engraver simply wanted to adorn Arethusa with a pret ty ornament. The other possibilities discussed for the unusual headband, symbolic or commemorative, are re lated to a wedding, a chase, a horse race, or a poet. The timeline fo r some of these historical events is very close to the proposed end date of the coin being struck. But we may never know what inspired this design. Alpheus, a Greek immortal, was smitten by Arethusa. Pindar, the great ancient poet, was bemused by her. It is not surprising then. that we are in explicably captivated by this beauti FINE GREEK. ROMAN, PERSIAN, fu l litt1e coin and Arethusa's enigmat PARTHIAN & SASSANIAN COINS ic headband. Specia lizing in BIBLICAL COINS & ARTIFACTS Bibliography Now featuring early mooem Auction VIII, Greek Coins/rom the Russian & Austrian coins MFA. Boston, Beverly Hills: Numis www.zuzimjudaea.com matic Fine Arts, Inc., 1980. We build and buy fine collections Auction J 3, Greek Coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily, ex Collection AMB und Sammlung Lut/wig, Zurich: Nu 8 0 )( 101003, 11 2 10 mismatica Ars Classica, 1998. II Boehringer, Erich, Die Munzen von Syraklls, 2 vo[s., Bern: Von Walter De Gruyter & Co .. 1929. Brett, Agnes Baldwin, Catalogue of Greek Coins, Muselllll of Fine Arts, C,, ;,"c F"'.'.dl~;a th, World Bm·toll, 1955, New Yo rk: Attic Books, 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE Ltd., 1974. · llu:ying and Sclling Wodd a nd Ancicn ts British Museum Web site available · Free AppraisaLo;; Consignmcnts encouraged al www.britishmuseum.org. · Dealcr for NGC & PCGS Cahn, Herbert A. et aI., Eds., Anti · Member of ACCG, ANA, VNA kenmusellm Basel lind Sammlung Lud · Shop houl'S-Fri & Sat 9:30 - 1:00p wig; Griechische Munzen. Basel: An ~-.;, _ .. ,.. c ..,.~r.to,.J.np 'oGIP"" '--~"' _ R ~.""od. VA tikenmuseum Basel, 1988, Connic Robcl1 so n Vl~ 1t nil' online st,,",s: A Catalogue a/Greek Coins in the !'r""ident. Richmond Coin Club www .•.coins.comi uncient/conll icscoins British Museum, Sicily, London : By P,O, Box 79 1, Glen Allen, VA 23060 www. "coins.collI/world/con llics<'oills order of the Trustees, 1876. [email protected] 804·651·1536 www.conniescoills.CO Ill Giacosa, Giorgio, Uomo e Cavallo 36 The Celator SIIIla MOlle/a Greca, Milano: Edizio With gratitude to Dr. Alan S. Walk ni Arle e Moneta, 1973. er, of Nomos AG, for his encourage New Titles Higgins, Reynold. Greek alld Ro ment to wri te thi s article. Numismatic Literature mall Jewelry. 2'" cd .. London: Meth uen & Co . Ltd. 1980. SICILY. Syracuse For Sale Hornblower. Simon and Anthony (Coin Information) Spawforth, Eds. The Oxford Classical Roman Coins & Their Values Dictiollary, 3«1 ed., Ox ford/New Yo rk: Silver di drachm, the dating is some Volume IV, 284-337 Oxford Uni versity Press, 1996. what controversial, the range being as 580.00 Reg li ng, Kurt. Die Griechischen early as circa 500 BC and as late as Miinze n der Samm{ung Warrell. 2 vols. circa 480 Be. Berlin: George Reimer. 1906. Obverse: Horseman ri ding a walk Sc harmer, Heide, "Die Meisler def ing horse right, leading a second horse Spatarchaischen Aretgusakopfe," AII beh ind; dentilated exergual line; bor like Kllllst , Heft 2, Bern: Francke Ver der of dots. lag. 1967: pp. 94-100. Reverse: Head of Arethusa right. SNG Del/tschlalld. Staatliche Miill wearing a loop earring wi th a pendant zsalfhmg Miiflchell, Heft 6, Berlin, and a simple wire necklace; her some Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1980. what long hair is bound by an un usual Wi lli ams. Dyfri and Jack Ogden, headband (see text); three dolphins Greek Gold Jewelry of the Classical and rYPAKOrlON around. World, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Weight: 8.5 I grams. Inc., 1994. Diameter: 23 mi lli meters. References: Boehringer 50; Boston Abollt the aI/thor-Larry Sekulich is 323: Scharmer 29-9; Giacosa pI. 14 a retired arl teacher/working artist. Hi s (for the obverse); SNG Deutschland interest in the beauty of coins has re 923; AMB 426; BMC. Syracuse 6; su lted in a long time study of the coins Regling, Table VII. 3 13 (VE RY of ancient Syracuse. He has published RARE, see tex t). articles and created award win ni ng exhibits that typically focus on the art of nu mi smatic material. British Commemorative Medals & Their Values $125.00 !>e Q&[be Each plus $6.00 shipping Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow Phone (973) 762-1588· Fax (973) 761 -8406 C harles Davis Email: arnie.saslow @prodigy.net P.O. Box 547 Wenham, Mass'" 0 1984 Gallery hours: Monday to Saturday 10:00 - 6:00 Visa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted Tel: (978) 468 2933 Fax: (978) 468 7893 [email protected] Gift Certificates Issued http://www.vcoins.comlancicntlcharlcsdavis ------ September 2011 37 The RBW Collection of Roman Republican Coins To Be Sold In Zurich ZURICH-On October 5 and 6, in Triton II I in 1999. 201 1, Numismatica Ars Classic a will The fjrst sale will in oller the first part of the ~ RB W Col clude one example lection ,B perhaps the most complete 01 nearly every collection of Roma n Republ ican Crawford number for coins ever offered for pu blic sale. this period, plus 47 The firsl sale will contain 1220 lois, new varieties not and cover the period up to the So noted in Crawford , cial War. The fu ll catalogue will be and a further 29 new available on SixBid ,com, and will be types or denomina mailed to NAG subscribers at the end tions that are com of August. The later Republican coin pletely missing in age will be offered in NAG's Sp ri ng Crawford, including Lot 9 I, an exceptional quadriga/us, ex. Lockett collection, 2012 sale. In consideration of US im th ree in silver. More- and estimated at CHF 3,000. port restrictions, the collection was ove r, five of the exported from the US under an ar coins offered are un ique types (not Lots 61 to 175 comprise the pre ra ngement thai allows reimper!, and mere varieties), and five others are denarius coi nage, in gold, silver, and US delivery of lots purchased by US known in only two examples. bronze. This group also includes residents is guaranteed by NAG. The sale opens with 60 lots of Aes many rarities, as well as beautiful The collection, formed overthe past Grave, mostly in exceptional condition, examples of the early didrachms , 50 years, includes cast and struck and including many rarities, such as Lot such as Lot 9 1, an exceptional quad bronze, silver, and some gold; the bulk 14, a dupondius, estimated at CHF rigatu s, ex. Lockett collecti on, and of the gold from this collection was sold 18,000. estimated at CHF 3, 000. The early denarius coinage is particularly strong, including most of the early Dioscuri types with symbols and monograms on the denari, quinarii, sestertii, and vic toriati. Lot 465, a gold 60-as piece with pentagram , is one of only two examples known, and it has a pedigree going back to the Borgh esi collection in the 19"'century; it is estimated at CHF 15,000. The collection is also very strong in the struck bronze coin age of the 2M century BC, and of ten includes all of the known de nom inations of each iss ue , many of which are extremely rare. And the denarius coinage of the late 2M and early 1"' centuries BC in cludes lovely examples of most Lot 14, an Aes Grave dupondius, estimated at CHF 18,000. issues, including the rare denari us of C. Numitorius (lot 1008), perhaps the finest specimen known, THE PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATISTS GUILD, INC. and estimated at CHF 10,000. 0,,, 55 YEARS of KNOWLEDGE, INTEGRITY & RESPONSIBILITY Founded in 1955, the PNG is a lion-profit organizmion, comprised o/the top ra re coin and paper /I/O/l ey expertsjrom all amuud the world. For more informatioll 011 the PNG, please COl1lac1: Robert Brueggeman, Executive Direc tor 28441 Rancho Californ ia Rd. , Suite 106 Temecula, CA 92590 Lot 465, gold 60-as piece with pen Tel. (951 ) 587·8300 F" (951 ) 587· 8301 a tagram, is one of only two examples www.rngdealencolI! email: in(o@vnr;deaferuolII known, and estimated at CHF 15,000. 38 The Gelator tions sold in the past half-cen tury, and the specific prove PACKAGE BOOK SALE-PARr I nance of nearly every piece is (Discounted as shown) Subject Package Deals-Buy one or all (any provid ed. In addition , where single book(s) or over $100, take off 10%; oVElr known, previous owners of the $200, take off 15%; over $300, take off 20%- coins are noted, and these in Don't forget postage, see below) clude such illustrious names lIlIlLlC..u COINAGE PACKAGE as Banti, Bastianelli, Bement, Sage, Biblical Num i,matic.• (was $ 150) (OOP) H $85 Bonazzi, Borghesi, Brand, the Lovell • . Biblical Related Coi~, (OOP) H ...... $20 Banks, Coins vj Bibi, Vap S $25 British Museum , Caruso, Lot 1008 is this rare denarius of C, Numitorius, IIrcsscu. Biblical Coin. (wa, 130) (001' ) H ...... S20 Evans, Garrett, Goodman, F.iedoc.g. Coin' of'ile /J ible (~ coio .eplioa, in perhaps the finest specimen known, and esti- Sl~ Haeberli n, Hall, Hersh, co,'cr) (OOP) H mated at CHF 10,000, lIuy individually or ALL 5 p:> ROr.1AN EGYrT I'ACMGt· www.celator.com Em"-"U.A lexandrian Coins. H ...... $59 Miloc, C,,'aI08 of Alexnndrian Coi"" . H $55 Christiansen. Roman Coim of AI~xandria (2"' Ed ition-2 for information that is useful to the collector! VOIUIOC') H ...... 167 Curti,. fflra(/rac/rnu rI Roma/l £gyp' (0'0"" 400 PI'- oondreds " f ill"'lnIIKm$ & vol oos, ex]>lnded 2'" edjlion) H ...... W Buy indi,;dualty or ALL 4 poslpaid for ...... $199 BACK ISSUES (A veritable Ub,uyl Gan;liakos. l ht Co;"''8< "f Akuwler th< Gmll. J huge volumes. "" OJIlhoIogy of I I boo/(>; on lI>:: ;ut; September 2011 39 The International Association of Professional Numismatists Hold Their 60th Annual General Assembly in Edinburgh, Scotland EDIN BURGH, SCOTLAND-The In This was an important congress for Frederica Pastrone (Editions Victor ternational Association of Profession the IAPN, as it was an election year. Gadoury, Monaco) al numismatists (IAPN) held its 60th Numismatic firms from around the Kent Ponterio (Ponte rio & Associ General Assembly June 23-27, 2011 in world gathered, deliberated, and vot ates, United States) Edinburgh, Scotland. A total of forty ed on several mailers during the busi Fernando Segarra (Segarra Nurnis three of the world's leading numismat ness sessions. This included the elec rnatica, Spain) ic firms mel to attend the diamond ju tion and appointment of a new presi Tim Wi lkes (Wilkes, United King bi lee congress. Fourteen different na dent, vice president, and executive dom) lions were represented, including Aus committee, Members of the IAPN ex Jean-Luc Van Der Schueren (Van tralia, Belgium, France, Germany, Ita ecutive committee serve the organiza Der Schueren, Belgium) ly, Japan, Monaco, the Netherlands, tion for two-year tenures. A list of the Among the many topics discussed Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the Unit newly elected officials is as follows: by the organization were the applica ed Kingdom, the United States of Amer President: tions for new membership. A total of ica and Venezuela as we ll as several Eric McFadden (Classical Numis four firms were voted into the IAPN as others whom participated via proxy. matic Group, United States I United new members. The IAPN is pleased to The IAPN meets annually to con Kingdom) announce and welcome the following duct its congress, wh ich is held in a Vice President: firms as new members: different city and country as voted on Jim Elmen (World Wide Coins of Antikwariat Numizmatyczny by its members. This year the congress California, United Slates) Pawel Niemczyk was hosted by the U.K. firm A.H. Bald Executive committee members: ul. Zelazna 67, pawilon 22 win & Sons Ltd. As an anniversary con Graham Byfield (A. H. Baldwin & 00-871 Warszawa, gress, it was conducted in the same Sons Ltd .. United Kingdom) Poland location as the 24" General Assembly Sandrine Dorey-Barre (Maison some thirty-five years ago and hosted Platt, France) I.C.E.-Jerome Lacroix by the same firm of A.H. Baldwin & Arne Kirsch (KOnker, Germany) Charter House Sons Ltd. Mathias Paoletti (Bernardi, Italy) 5 Pembroke Row, Dublin 2 Ireland THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY Nomos AG Zahringerstrasse 27 Founded in 1879 8001 Zurich At the forefront of scientific and historical research for over one hundred years, the Swiss Switzerland Numismatic Society has established a wo rldwide reputation by its work with leading scholars, collectors and dealers diffused through its well known Revue and Gazetlejournals HLS Stacks Rare Coins with articles in four languages, together with numerous monographs and special publica tions in such series as Typos and the Catalogues of Swiss Coins. 18 Arlington Lane The Society itself owes its inception in 1879to the pioneering spirit of Dr. Charles Fran90is Bayville, NY 11709 Trachsel, its founder and first president, but the Swiss numismatic tradition goes back 10 the U.S.A earliest days of coin collecting in the late IS'" century when connoisseurs like th e Amerbach family of Basel, inspired by Renaissance humanists such as Erasmus of Rotterdam then As is usual, several excellent numis resid ing in the city, established important cabinets. matic publications were submitted for The Sociely continued from the old century under the guidance of Eugene Demole and Paul consideration for this year's annual Stroehlin, while the new was presided over by eminent scholars such as Dietrich Schwarz and Colin Martin . book prize. In custom with tAP N tradi The Swiss Numismatic Society remains today at the service of the international numismatic tion, after voting the submitted books community, dedicated as it is to the furtherance of the knowledge of those small but are donated to an institution or library invaluable witnesses of art and history, the coins of Greece, Rome , Byzantium, the Orient, in the country where the congress is the middle ages, the modern period and Switzerland itself. being held. The 1APN is pleased to By joining this leading society. you will be able to participate directly in numismatic research have donated the submitted books to and moreover be eligible to receive the annual Revue and the quarterly Gazelte, as well as members' discounts on most special publications . the University of Ed inburg h where it App lications for membership in the Society are welcome from all with an interest in ancient hopes they will be put to good use for and modern numismatics. research and advancement in the field The membership fee is Sfr 130 per year (including postage) and Sfr2500 for life membership, of numismatics. A total of nin e new or a sponsoring membership from Sfr 250 per year. Please make checks payable to the numismatic references were submitted Swiss Numismatic Society. Please visit our website at: www.numisuisse.org. this year, all of which received votes from the membership, some of which SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY were ranked very closely in the final c/o Secretary: Pierre-A. Zanchi, Chemin Cure 6 B outcome of voting. The IAPN would like CH-1008 Prilly, Switzerland Fax: +41217286561 to recognize and thank all of the con tributing authors for their hard work in E-mail: [email protected] continued on page 44 ... 40 The Celator drug dealers. How people can admire " Indy" so much they try to emulate his ve ry ap pearance. yet condemn the "th eft" of every potsherd is beyond logic, but there is precious little logic on some of these shows . At least "Indy" was a professor of archaeolo gy. as some of these characters appear to ha ve gOllen their training at Mc Donald's Universi ty, fl ipping burgers unti l the producer "discovered" them. So, if you want the latest staged "discovery" or are dying to know the Expertise in the Age true location of thc Holy Grail , or the latcst theory about the Knights Tcm of Instant Media Fame plar. then by aJlmeans tunc in. If you are lucky, you might even gain some When I was in college, the genuine knowledge. However, if you buzzword on campus was the "media" want to know if an object offered for is th e message, taken from the litl e of sale is genuine or not, you had best a best selling book of the time. ThaI was the 20,h century. Today, we are lake a long hard look at the creden well into the Slart of Ihe 2 1>< century, ti als of the "experts" commenting on its authenticity as well as those ruzzy and the media age has tru ly arrived. pictures. Here is some good advice fo r We can wa tch events on the other side of the world, li ve, 24 hours a day, on the novice and ex perienced collector alike: Most real ex perts don't have the cable news channels. An Internet vid eo can make a nobody an instant star. timc 10 haunt chatroo rn s. commenting on every disputc, and those that do It seems that everyone on the planet rarely, if ever, attack other member's will eventually have their 15 minutes of fame. credibility, as is so oftcn the case with the self-proclaimed authori ties. Judge Yet, we are shocked when our new the Object and lake the pundits with a found idols are shown to have feet of big grain of sail. clay. Is your favorite politi cian or sports star involved in a sex scandal? He or she is probably no worse or no better than those who came before. but now it is harder to hide such things. You can find pundits of all types ready to voice their opinions on any given subject at the flash of a TV camera, as if they someh9w_received divine rev elation on a mountaintop. Many peo pl e accept it as a truth that if it is on TV or on the Internet, it must be true. Now anyone can be an authority and few question their opinions unless they disagree. The world of antiquities is no dif ferent. In chatrooms. people who have little or no real expertise and dubious academic credentials at best, regular ly pass judgment on artifacts and coins iZ...Wsed onl y on blurry pictures they _ Viewed on their computer screens. On -: cable channels, legitimate archaeolo OUf new 96-page ca talog, Our 96-page ca talog, Onr Thousand gists, actors, and Indiana Jones "wan Art of the Ancient World, vol. XXII Ytars ofAncient Greek Vases nabes" vi e for airtime. Reali ty TV is illustrating 207 objects in full color. illustrating 195 vases in full color. all the rage, but if reality is not good -~- enough, then it seems any wild theory or myth wiJl do as long as you visit ~ royal-athena galleries remote locations and ha ve exciting J~rDm~ M. £junb~rg, Ph.D.. DirutDr, A NA Lifo M~mb~ r 277 camera work. 153 btU 57th Strut. N~UI York, NY 10022 Not surprisingly, collectors often 212-355·2034 FlU: 2 12-688·0412 ancim tllrt@aQ(. CQm get short shrift because in the media's Visit our website featuring over 1200 antiquities: www.royalathetla. com mind they arc one step removed from September 2011 41 Christogram, and one fonn of it is created by the superimposed Greek let ters chi (X) and "'/0 (P). which represented the first two let\ers o f Christ in Greek. The chi-rho is one of t he oldest forms of Christograms. It first ap peared on a coin of Con stan ti ne the Great (307- 337 AD). who became the fi rst Christian Emperor of Figure 2-Vetranio (350 AD), struck under Constantius Christianity Appears Rome (Figure I ). If (337-361 AD), shows Constantius fI, a son of Con Use of the symbol is stantine the Great, standing to his left and holding the on Coins said to have come about labarum and spear. The Chi-Rho symbol appears on a For morc than 1,500 years, the cross when Constantine was banner hanging {rom the labarum, and Constantius 11 has been the most recognizable symbol with his army preparing is being crowned by Victory who stands behind him. of Christianity. But thi s was not always for ballle agai nst his rebel The Latin legend states, "In this sign, you will conquer." The other side shows a portrait of Vetranio. ANS photo true. When Jesus was crucified in Jerus lious co-emperor Maxen by Ala n Roche. a lem between 30 and 33 AD (the exact tius, on October 28, 3 [2 year is not known), he was one of many AD at the Mil vian Bridge thou sands of non-Romans who were dis outside of Rome. Eusebi us, a contem it was a Latin cross with its upper end patched by this horrible form of capital porary histo rian. wrote that Co nstantine rounded like 11 P. so it had both the punishment. told him that in the days before the bat fo rm of a cross and the monogram of The cross did not become widely tle, the Emperor looked up at the sun Christ's name. used as a symbol of Christianity until and saw across of light above the lale fourth century AD. In fact, the it with the Greek words, EN cross was not even the earliest Chris TOYTQ [ NIKA , which tian symbol used on coins. That di stinc translate into Latin as IN lion goes \0 the monogram call ed a HOC SIGNO VINCES, or "In thi s sign. you will conquer." At first, Constantine was no t s ure wha t it meant, but the next night he had a dream in whic h Jesus told him that he should use the sign against his enem ies. The Figure 1-Constantine the Great (307-337 AD) bronze sig n was de coin shows labarum crowned by Christogram pierc scribed by an ing serpent, the Latin legend states ~Hope for the o the r Ro man public." The other side shows a portrait of Constan h is to rian, Lac Figure 3-Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem. tine I. Struck 327-328 AD. ANS photo by Alan Roche. tantius, who said Photo by D. Hendin. Constantine had thi s sign inscribed ffiH. D. RAUCH GmbH Vienna on the hel mets and shields of hi s sol diers, and he won the Battle of the Mil RAUCH Numismatist and Auctioneer' since 1969 viun Bridge and d aimed the title Em· For Ancient, World Coin s & Historical Medals peror. He believed his success was due 10 divine protection, and it influenced . . 1 d Next Auchon: September 21 ·22 the eventual course of history. Bid live f rom YO llr locatiolJ by (:ompllter! PriMed The scene and legend on u bronze calaloglle al:w available. eo in of Velran io (350 AD). struck under Constantius (( (337-36 1 AD), provide the only known numismatic re-enact Please contact us: 01143 I 533 33 12 ment of Constantine's victory at the E-mail: rauch® hdrauch .cQrn Mil vian Bridge (Figure 2). In 313 AD, Constantine met hi s ri Visit our shop: www.hdrauch.com val Licinius at Milan. where they issued Write to: A- I 0 I 0 Wien, G raben 15 (Europe) the Edict of Milan. which all owed Chris tians to foll ow their faith. Th is edict did 42 The Celator not establish Christianity as the official religion of Rome, but it abolished pen alties for practicing Christianity in the T im W ilikes Specialist in Media:val and Islamic Coins PO Bo)( 150 Battle e-mail: [email protected] East SUSSCl' www.wilkescoins.com TN330FA Figure 4-Theodosius (379-395 AD), www.vcoins.com/ancient/timwilkes U K the first coin depicting the Christian Cross. ANS Photo by Alan Roche. Roman Empire, and provided for the return of all confiscated churches and other Christian property. Going forward, Early Constantine supported the Church, ex empted clergymen from certain laxes, ~-'1~: Islamic & Oriental and promoted Christians to high office. In 324 AD, Constantine named Hele .\(fi2f0 Coins na as "Augusta," a title that was first es tablished by Augustus for Livia, but cer tainly not granted to every empress, much less every royal mother. www.vcoins.com/najafcoins_ In 325 AD, the Council of Nicaea met and Constantine declared Christianity to www.najafcoins.com be the nation's official religion. It is not clear whether Constantine himself actual ly ever became a Christian. His mother, Helena, was not only converted but was so excited by her spiritual experience that it enticed her to make a pilgrimage, circa 326 AD, to Judaea, where she could visit Guide to BIBLICAL COINS all of the sites that were important in the life of Jesus. She was in her late 70s at the time she made this trip. Helena's pilgrim FIFTH EDITION age was the prototype for the travels of virtually every Christian pilgrim to the by David Hendin Holy Land for some 1,700 years, right up to the present. MOST POPULAR REFERENCE EVER WRITTEN Until Helena's visit, n01xxly outside of the Christians in the Holy Land itsclfhad FOR BIDLICAL AND JEWISH COINS paid much atlention to the sites in Judaea. 640 pages; 56 pages of high-quality plates; TIlis was a time, by the way, when the Jews who lived here maintained important acad sturdy hardcover; dust jacket emies at Tiberius, Sepphoris, and Lydda (Lod). The Jews were in the final stages Order from your favorite numismatic book dealer, of developing the Talmud itself. When I Amazon,com, or direct from the publisher was the chief numismatist with the Joint al $85 plus $6 shi pping. Sepphoris Expedition in 1985 and 1986, led by Duke University's Eric and Carol Meyers and Hebrew University's Ehud Netzer, we discovered some remarkable www.AmphoraCoins.com mosaic floors-and many more were sub sequently discovered- which indicated that the city was extremely wealthy at the AMPHORA time Helena anived in the country. In fact, 2';fo. P.O. Box 805 we were able to date some of these mo "'/.... \"e Nyack.NY 10960 saics by smal1 groups of Constantinian ~<=;I \r"'A 845.358.7364 e [email protected] continued on page 46. .. September 2011 43 task of carrying the torch when web and IAPN Coni. from pg. 40 email discussion groups fade away. T he first that comes to mind, of publishing these excellent numismat course, is Facebook. the second would ic references. be Twitter. First Place: Could Twilter be a possible candi Christopher Eimer date? Unfortunately, we believe th e British Commemorative Medals and answer is no. Twitter's 140-charactcr Their Values message limit makes conveying even Publisher: Spink london moderately complex thought difficult, ISBN: 978-1 -907427-06-0 ifnot impossible. Quick thoughts, yes. Second Place: Complex ones, probably not. Giulio Bernardi So ... back to Facebook. There already Arabic Gold Coins Corpus I Social Media is a good example of a Faeebook-based Publisher: Edizione Universita Tri- ancient coin group. Joe Mastrario's "An este & Giulio Bernardi S.R.L. EmaiL news gro ups, and web~ cient Roman Coins" is small with 100 ISBN: 378-88-8303-285-1 based discussion groups, such as our members. But it is a nice group of peo Third Place: Yahoo group Moneta-L, have been ple who love ancient coins and love to Sergio R. Sucre Castillo around for probably close to two de share their knowledge and pictures. It is Los Billetes de Emision Centraliza cades now. Moneta-L was created bac k a good example of what can be done da de Venezuela in 1999, which makes it morc th an 12 through Facebook. It also points out Publisher: Sergio R. Sucre Cstillio, years old. The granddaddy of all an some of the minor irritations of using Caracas cicnl coin email discussion groups, Facebook for discussion. Probabl y the ISBN: 978-980-12-3438-8 NUMISM-L, is quite a bit older. biggest il1"itation is the fact that discus The remaining references submitted Web-based discussion groups, such sions roll off the main page quick ly for consideration are as follows, listed as Forum Ancient Coins, are nearly as when there is a lot of talk. A busy thread in alphabetical order by author: old. Even ol der, if you include the old with lots of posts will force earlier Chart, Jean-Claude BBS (Bu lletin Board) systems of the threads off the bottom of the page where Le Monnayage et les Monnaies 1980s in their genealogy. Of course, they arc quickly forgotten. You can Fautees 1780-2009 the BBS systems back then were text scroll back through pages of earlier dis ISBN: 2-906602-37-X. based, not graphical like the web is cussions, but we think "out of sight, out Duplessy, Jean today, but the principle is the same. of mind" is the key here . Les Monnaies Franr;:aises A nd finally Usenet newsgroups, On the other hand, Facebook makes Feodales, Tome 1/ such as RCC (rec.collecting.coins), it very easy to stan a new thread, re ISBN: 978-2-9510355-9-1 . were hugely popular in their day, with ply to a thread, and upload images. All Josifovski, Pero the early to mid 90s seeing the most of which make the give and take of Stobi "The Kuzmanovic Collectoin" traffic. In its heyday, RCC saw hun conversation much easier. At th is Vol. 1 dreds of emai l threads (indi vidual dis point, I would give Facebook a qual i ISBN: 978-608-65099-0-3. cussions) with a thousand posts per fied Yes as a worthy successor. Ripolles, Pere Pau day. Alas, newsg roups are dying a T here aren ' t very many ancient Las Acunaciones Provineiales Ro- slow death as more and more ISPs (In coin groups on Facebook so far. A manas de Hispania ternet Service Providers) are no long quick search turned up less than a doz ISBN: 978-84-96849-99-0 er wi lling to support in-house news en. Not much to choose from. How Suarez, Rasiel group servers. ever, you can do it yourself and Face ERIC II: The Encyclopaedia of Ro- Eventually, all good things do corne book mak es it incredibly easy to do man Imperial Coins to an end. Witness th e demise of BBS so. The hard part w ill be attracting ISBN: 978-8-9764664- 1-3 and Newsgroups. So we recently start users and growing your group in a con Withers, Paul and Bente ed wondering if any of the comparative trolled manner. But. .. that would be the The Token Book: British Tokens of the ly new social media sites were up to the subject for another column. 1~, IfF' and 19' centuries and their values ISBN: 978-0-9543162-8-0 This year's IAPN congress was also comprised of several interesting tours, including th e National Museum of Scot land and the Bank of Scotland Museum where members were able to view some of their numismatic holdings. Members were also fortunate enough 10 tour the famous site of Edinburgh Castle and Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins view Scotland's crown jewels (the crown , sword and sceptre). Often referred to as "The Honours," the crown jewels of Scot www.ancientcoinmarket.com land are well known to numismatists, as they appear on the coinage of James VI New Articles Monthly flanked by thistles. continued on page 28 ... 44 The Celator accent. We hear that refrain constantly cussed. It is very unlikely that the board from the archaeological community, al will opt to do nothing in response to thi s most verbatim. No rhetorical finesse, in unfortunate decision. By the time this my view. can justify that premisc. issue of Th e Celalor is in the hands of The fact that Customs detained, readers, it is possible that a decision wil l seized. and held personal property of already have been reached and a course ACCG fa r in excess of the lim its al of action detennined by the board. lowed by law, offering ACCG no re Meanwhile. we should not lose sight course, was apparently not considered of the fact that our hobby remains a vi egregious. The fa ct that both the letter brant and rewarding activity that is ac and intent of law, as defined by Con cessible to all. The sky is not fallin g. gress, has routinely been violated was While prices have escalated for certain seemingly not worth hearing about high-end coins, there are still more an "Dismissed II from expert witnesses-nor explorin g cient coins in thc markctthan there are' As the deadl ine fo r this month's through discovery. In fact, the support buyers. Also, thcre are still many ratio column approached, we received news able evidence of these violations pre nal governments and licit markets over that the ACCG complaint in Baltimore sented by ACCG did not seem to weigh seas where ancient coins can legall y be against the U.S. State Department and at atl in the decision. The authority to exported to, and imported by, collectors Customs and Border Protection has act is governed by law and acting be in the United States. Collectors can cer been di smi ssed by Di strict Court yond that au thority (/lltra vires) is in it tainly anticipate thllt dealers will find Judge Catherine C. Blake. That word sclf a violation of the law as codified in and work those legitimate markets to "dismi ssed" had previously fallen on the Administrative Procedures Ac t. satisfy thc interests of their customers. my cars in a welcome way, fo r exam The most troubling aspect of the Dis In addition to the traditional auclion ple, at the end ofa military formation trict Coun decision is the complete mis houses, there are an increasing number on a hot summer day. This time, it was understanding and misinterpretation of of foreign dealers who sell directly to anything but welcome. the "first discovery" prov ision of law, the U.S. retai l market through the In The decision was long in coming, thereby supporting th e State Depart ternet. Although coll ectors should al but an outri ght di smissal of the case ment's application of import restrictions ways be cautious about dealing with seemed un likely, given that the judge to coins by "type" not to coins found unknown sellers, especially in anony had asked fo r oral argument on the in a particular place. There is consid mous locations, many legitimale trans motion to dismiss and the causes of erable legislati ve hi story on the gov actions are handled th rough this me action were weighty. In fact, most ev erning law (CPIA), and some of the dium. Regardless of the venue. bu y eryone who followed the case would indi viduals who craftcd the law are ers of ancient coin s should maintain have bet that the government's motion still available for testimony as to the good records of their purchases. to di smiss would be denied. But, not ' intent of Congress. This was preempt This month, the ACCG will be hold so. For reasons that we can never ed by the decision to dismiss. ing its 4th Annual Benefit Auction. The know, the court decided that the ac Sadly, the notion that citizens of the sale is being hosted again this year by tions of DOS and CBP were beyond Unitcd States can receive a fair and com VA uctions.com and wili bea no rese .....·e. judicial rev iew. In other wo rds, it was plete hearing of thcir gri evances against no buyer's fee auction as usual. The sale the court 's opinion that Ihey can do the government has not proven to be the will open on ThurSday, September 29. pretty much whatever they like regarc4 C:lSC here. The ACCG did not really have and will close on Thursday, October 13. ing imporl restriction s. its day in court as justice demands. All proceeds from the sale will go di The fact that these restrictions, as The guild's Board of Directors must rcctly to ACCG initiatives in support designed and employed, put the bur now weigh the options before it. Appeal of the hobby, so please bid generous den of proof on the accused in deten of this decision is one potential course. ly. See the advertisement in this issue ti ons or seizures was evidently not Focus on a legislative initiative may be for photos of a few nice coins from th is considered contrary to law. In fact, the another. Public outreach and grass roots sale. All ofthe coins being offcred here court's opi nion stated that: lobbying might be another. Alternative were provided through donations from "Looted objects are, presumably, courses of action will certain ly be di s- ACCG members. extremely ulllikely to carry doC//men tation. or at least accurate docl/mell tatioll. of when Gild where they were Are you looking for someone you can trust discovered and whell they were export to sell your collection for you? ed from the COllntry ill which they were discovered. COllgress is therefore 1111- Consign with confidence to likely to have illiellded to limit import restrictiOl1s 10 object.\" with a (ioCI/ Sayles and Lavender mell1ed fil1d spot . .. This presumption (that an y coin http://vcoins.com/saylesandlavender without documentation of when and where it was discovered should be Call or Email treated the same as if it were looted) SAYLES AND LAVENDER P.O. Box 926, Watkinsville. GA 30677 about is exactly opposite of the most basic [email protected] - (417) 679-2142 consigning your precept of law in the United States. It [email protected] (321) 946-4633 coins or books has a familiar rin g to il . like a Boston September 20 1 1 45 Hendin ConI. rrom pg. 43 T he labarum with the Chi-Rho soon evolved into another symbol.lhc cross, family coins found on top of and just un which, of course, corresponded to the dcrthem. cross upon which Jesus was cru cified While there is no doubt that the IOCH l by thc Romans on the hill of Golgotha traditions held that some, or perhaps many in Jerusalem. Quickly, the cross became of the sites Helena vis ited as holy shri nes, the pre-eminent symbol of Christiani it did not hurt that the mother of the Em ty. The first coin to fe ature the cross as peror of Christian Rome further declared a Christian symbol was struck during Figure 6-Justinian II (First Reign, 685- Ihc siles \0 be true. the reign ofTheodosius (379-395 AD) 695 AD) gold solidus with a portrait of One of Constantine's most famous (see Figure 4 on page 43). Jesus Christ showing th e bars of a building projects was the Church of the Interestingly, in the period arou nd cross emerging from behind his head Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. Today 's the fourth to sixth centuries AD, the symbols of the Christian cross and the and Latin inscription "Jesus Christ, King church is roil! upon Constantine's founda of Kings.· ANS Photo by Alan Roche. tion.... The QlUrch stnnds within the Old City Jewish menorah are sometimes fo und of Jerusalem at a sile designated by Helena together on oil lamps from the Holy No images of Jesus appeared o n any and venerated as GolgOtha, the Hill of Cal La nd. This is nOI so surprising. and coins unti l hundreds of years later dur vary. where Jesus was crucified and wa... also testifies to significant overlap be ing the first reign of Justinian II (685- believed to contain the sepulcher where he tween early Christianity and Juda ism 695 AD). Justinian II ascended to the was buried (see Fii,'lIre 3 on page 42). (see Figure 5). throne when he was only 16. In the sev enth year of his first reign. Justinian is sued the fi rst coin ever to bear the im age of Jesus Christ (Figure 6). The coin may have been struck in 692 AD in re sponse to the publication of Canon 82 of the Quinisext Council in Trullo. which decreed that all depictions of either God or Christ should be in human form. rath er Ihan that of the Paschal Lamb as pre viously req uired. NEW BOOK AVAILABLE Soon the American Numismatic So ciety will announce the publication of my new book.. CULTURAL CHA NGE: Jewish. Christiall. and I:"'alll ie Coills of the Holy Umd. This is a 6 x 9 inch, 128- page/all color paperback that is an ex panded catalog of the CULTURAL CHANGE exhibit currently being shown Figures 5 & Sa-Terra cotta oil lamp with cross for handle and 7· branched menorah near spout, found Jerusalem area, ca. 4"'-6'" contillued 011 page 53... centuries AD. ANS Photo by Alan Roche. COIN IIUIITfNC gOlOURN CO MI ~G TO A~ E~D , I ARRA~GE~ I~EXPE~~IV[ >OR BAB~ TO CAS'A8LANCA O ~ THEIR WAYTO THE U£. of A. DID YOU K~OW, BAB~, REALLY? •. l!O WHY THAT CAMHl! ARE CALLED YOU l!AIUNG ON A 'Tllf ~IIIP~ Or: THfSAIlARA 'i' LUXURY lINfR WHILE /'/./ l!TUCK ON THIl! TRA/./P ~TfA/'/fR?! 46 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Coins ) HD ENTERPRISES F~AG/'\tmS Of 1/'\t )0- Antiq ui ties )0- Indian Arti facts & Pottery MUSEUM·QUALITY ANCIENT ART T1('£.5iIS'l11('E5 ~ Pre-Columbian Anifaet s Specializing in Greek, Roman, ~ Ancicnt Coins ... and more! Egyptian and Etruscan ~ Buy- Scll- Tra de-Consign Antiquities /Vi Attn: Hank Johnson P.O. Box 22082CL, Denver, CO 80222 P. O. Box 376 The Time Ph: 303-695-1301 Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Online Catalog: l:I::~I:l!. h!;! !< ·iD~ ,Sa:/m Machine Co. 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Numismatics ,.-hich cOn/Il;n II niu ulection o!rllt!l)/{oK'i"g: Ancient, Medieval, Early ,\ncient Greek Coins (silver & broo7.e) American Numismatics Greek Imperial Coi ns (O"'~ Roman Egyplian Coi ns Jud""an &. Bihlical Coim <- Coins of lhe Roman ProcuIlIlOll S Coins oflhe T"-cl\-.: Caesan Ronun Republic Coins · ROJrnln Imperial Coins Bytanline Imperial COiDS' Earl y coins of Engl3nd. SCQlhrKI. & Ireland ' Anglo_Gallic Write/or your free copy of our i(llCSI Bar;:a ,,, Price U. Warden Numismatics, LLC Specialists on Coinages of NUMISMATIK Greece, Rome, the Near East, Early Ce1!traL Asia & India LANZ MONCI-lEN Islamic & Oriental Dr. Hubert Lanz Coins Dere k P.B. W arden Luilpoldblock, Malt imiliansplatz 10 Classical NlImismatist D-80333 Miinchcn. GCnll:lny www.vcoins.coml Tel. (49) (89) 29 90 70 ...,,::"~ P,O. Box 121 Fax. (49) (89) 22 07 62 ~i najafcoins Wyncote, PA 19095 USA • www.lanz.com ~ e·rnai l: [email protected] Aocientto Modem Coins around the clock www.najafcoins.com TelJFax: 215-884-6721 al www.t:lXfreegold.Oe ( Numismatic Services ) Your ad could be :M&Jvf in this space for less ,]{umismatics, Ltl than $30 per month! - Send your advertising message ~~~") to a targeted market of nearl y 2,500 ancient coin enthusiasts. The FREE-- collaborative numismatic research website Advertise in the Fixed Price Lists Professional Directory! Alfredo De La Fe Telephone (917) 287·5512 Public Sales· Appraisals Call Kerry at [email protected] Buying and Selling (717) 656-8557 COn/act Luciell Birkler or email: Support your P.O. Box 65908 [email protected] Washington. D.C. 2(}()35 Celator AdverOsers Tel. 202·833·3770 · Fax 202·429·5275 50 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Visiting: San Francisco? The Silicon Valley? Pegasi Stanford University? NUMISMATICS TREASURE Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA Visit ... ISLAND Classical nllmismllliSIS servillg begillner.f ,liru odl'ollced collectors We carry a large inventory of Ancients as well as the largest Free Illustrated Catalogs Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. Siamllk Ahghllri Classical Greek, Roman, Numismat ist TREASURE ISLA ND Byzantine , and Medieval Coins of C,uk, Romol!, Coins, Books & Antiquities 3703 EI Camino Real Stltucid, 13 yumtiru, tic. Palo Alto , CA 94306 P.O. Box 131040 Spu;(llhitig ill fasttm Coinage (650) 855·9905 Ann Arbor, MI48113 P.o. Box 9667, San Jose. CA 95157 email: tistamps @aol.com Phone: (734) 995-5743 lei: 408.590.4815 fax: 408.867.0950 www.ticoins.com Fax: (734) 995·3410 email: [email protected] ANCIENT IMPORTS ~~~_ ~ Specializing in the Coinage of Judaea WWW.ANCIENTIMPORTS.COM CELTIC. ROMAN, EASTERN, * Ancient BIBLI CAl. GREEK, BVZANTINE + * Medieval SPECIALIZING IN CElTlCCOINS *Modern 7 OF I William M. Rosenblum, llC P.O. Box 785 Littleton, CO 80160-0785 MARC I ER Phone: (720) 98 1-0785 or (303) 910-8245 PO BOX 59) Fax: (720) 98 1-5345 GRAND fA.ARAIS, MN 55604 E-mail: Bi ll@R osenb l u mco i n ~.c om [email protected] www.rosenblumcoins.com Kenneth W. Dorney Ylrtern~ff§ Ylste ~la~~i(al j}umi~mati~t COIN AUCTIONS Ancient F_~_ ""'I .... Greek Greek, Roman, Byzantine Roman Italian Coi ns Byzantine Papal Coin s Coins & Antiquities Papal M edals I all tuit~ P.O. Bo,; 493362 ""'''.G-'; ''''''''' ~ 5liu t~ en tititP ~ ,"'-O(5ao M_ Redding, CA 96049..,3362 Y,.Jl'0549"-"",,l (530) 222-8207 1':.)71~97!101 www.TrustedCoins.com "'-- """' September 2011 51 Professional Directory ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books) ( Coins & Shows ) Ancient Coins, WEISS Antiquities, Literature COllECfABLE & Related Collectibles! SALFS ANCIENT-MEDIEVAL·EARLY FOREIGN Bought, Sold and AuctiolU!d! QUALITY COINS FOR EVERY BUDGET One offhe Oldesl Firms ilt lire U.S. VISIT OUR TABLE AT THESE SHOWS: dealing ill AllcielJf COiIIS! Imuna/ional AuodaliQn "I l'rofnsi(JlIll/ NumiSm(lliSIS "",,,,ba since /970. Dcl. 28-3D-DcnverCoin Expo. Na lional Western Comple.... Denver, CO All orour auction catalol!uC$. Nov. 4-5-1n diana State Nu mismatic Assoc .. "rices a:a li ~g d , aod um; Q Oiill~ 1I 1I ~ II !l U CELTIC, GREEK, ROMAN Marriott Hotel, Indianapolis. IN informa tion available rur fnj; Qnline! and HAMMERED COINS Nov. 11 - 13- Hay State Coin Show, bougill & wid Radisson Hote!. Boston, MA Malter Galleries Inc. P.O. Box 32, Hockwold. ~ P.o. BoliO 1710 Brandon, U.K. 1P26 4HX ~ Agoura Hills, CA 91376 TellFax: +44 (0) 1842 828292 "7 Ph. (818)784-7772 email: mi ke. vospcr@va;per4coins.co.uk POST OFFICE BOX 400476 E-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.\'OSpCf4coins.co.uk LAS VEG AS, NV 89140 www.maltergalleries.com (702) 202-4300 KIRK DAVIS ( Antiquities & Coins ) lrishCoins.com Now Live Fc.tlUring: Ancienl Greek & Roman Coins. Classical Numismatics Colin Pi tc hfork Campanian Co ll ec ti on,~ of Greek ' Roman ' Celtic FINE ANCIENT & TRIBAL ART Nola, Cum ae & Hyria.lrish Medieval Silver Coin~, Irish Siege Money & Gun Money, l ri ~ h Numismati c Literature PURC HASES APPRAISALS SALES Illustrated Catal ogues issued regularly & World An Medals. Irish MiliedCoins 1600- 1823, Modem Irish Coins and Proofs, and Top dollar paid for single coins Irish Paper MOIleY. or entire collections Post Office Box 324 Del Parker Claremont, CA 917 11 USA info @iri shcoins.con (909) 625-5426 1-206-232-2560 ww .... I'Coins.com/kiri:da'·is P.O. Bo ... 7568, Dallas. TX 75209 ( Coin Cabinets ) sRhin~ . Numismatics ART FOR ETERNITY GALLERY Mahogany Coin Cabinets Orientll Greek • Islamic • Parthian HOWARD M, NOWES, DIRECTOR 303 EAST 8 1 STREET, N,Y. NY 10028 USA www.vcoins.comlsphinx VISIT US AT WWW.HOWARONOWES.COM HaDlk:rln ~d 917.733.4165 [email protected] &om aolld II1IIhopny TEL. 905 - 947~0954 ymi shriki @sympatico.ca CANADA ( Numismatic Services) ww"\v.CabinetsByCraig.ne t P0 50.12l1.Frioro. TX 7~ (In Ihe United States since 1980) LONDON COIN GALLERIES As you're reading of Mission Viejo this, think about Specializing in ancient hoards and large collections PenelopeCoins.com how many other The Shops al Missioo Vi ejo Sui te 27, Mi ssion Viejo, CA 92691 Hobby numismatics, people are reading Ph, (949) 364-0990 - Fa ;>.: (949) 364-5290 www.LCGMV.com - ]ondotICoin @co;>.:.nct places and databases it too-Advertise! 52 The Gelator Celator Classifieds . ~ - . II ; Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each add~ional word...... n. Cellter's . ~ & ArtisOpusGallery.com. Ancient Coins FOR SALE: 1,000+ Ancient, Medieval S••• ellb and Antiquities. Antiquarian Engravings and World Coins and medals at 5ch,.ul, and Books. r 101111 www.civitusgallerics.com. We also buy collections. Please offer: 608-836-1 777. Sept. 15-16-Whitman Coin & [10/11] Collectibles Philadelphia E xpo, Convention Center, Philadelphia. PA CAREER WANTED in numismatic Jantiquarian! anI similar field. Open-minded about Sept. 17-Red Rose Coin Club tasks, details. About me: English degree. Commercial experience in marketing, writing, Show, Farm & Home Center, 1383 editing, speaking, business development, news media. Am authoring detailed manual on Arcadia Rd., Lancaster, PA Byzantine iconography. Coin focus heretofore cleaning, restoration. Sizeable toolkit Some photography experience. Mostly late Roman; then Byzantine, earlier Roman, provincial; Oct. 13- 15-ANA Fall National then Greek, Islamic, Roman Republican, other. Own Moneta, some books. Health bene . Money Show, David L. Lawrence fits not needed. Travel OK. Full-time ideal, less considered. For questions, samples, re Convention Center, 1000 Ft. Du- sume, references, e-mail: [email protected]. [08.11 ] quesne Blvd., Pittsburgh, PA, 15222 Hendin Coni. from pg. 46 at the New York Federal Reserve Bank. It is now at the printer and will be de livered before October 15 Display Adver- The ANS will offer the FIRST 250 copies off the press as a numbered, tising Rates signed edition, sold on a first-come, first-served basis. The cost of the book Targeted directly is $40 plus shipping and tax if appro priate, and the signed, numbered books to collectors can be ordered ONLY from the ANS. of ancient and To reserve a copy and make payment contact the ANS at medieval coins [email protected] for the and antiquities. numbered edition of CULTURAL CHANGE. One hundred percent of all 1/6 Page - $100 proceeds from the sale of this book will go to the ANS. 1/3 Page - $175 Copyright ©. 201 1 1/2 Page - $250 . -- by David Hendin Full Page - $500 (single insertion prepaid rates) Annual contract & multiple insertion Notes for Authors & Contributors discounts avaifable All contributions to The Celator leases and rights are submitted at Call or write for more are welcome and encouraged. As the time of publication. information or a copy of a popular journal, it is our goal to ManUSCripts should be submit ~urren l rale card! serve as a venue to educate and en ted in Microsoft Word format, and can be sent as an e-mail attach tertain our readers, and to provide ' II' . aII:lVISA a forum for the interchange of ment. Please contact the editor for ideas. The editor does reserve the additional information about pho right to edit and/ or modify any tographs and other illustrations. ~ ' ~ ) I-I submission to insure compliance Please do not send photographs as with our editorial policies. We can e-mail attadunents before contact -- not guarantee the publication of ing the editor first. The Celator any submission. Preference wiD be Manuscripts and illustrations P.O. Box 10607 can also be sent to the Editor c/o given to original, previously un Lancaster, PA 17605·0607 published material, but previously The Ce/ator, P.O. Box 10607, Lan published articles, etcetera are caster, PA 17605-0607 or TellFax (717) 656·8557 welcome provided the proper re- [email protected]. Email: [email protected] September 2011 53 Club & Society Directory Ancient Coin Club Twin Cities Orange Count9 01 Chicago Ancient Coin Club Meets the 4'h Thursday of the OCACC ~~ ~(~~~.O~ ·f~the month at 7:30PM at Immanuel " at Ancient Coin Club 1. Lutheran Church, 104 Snelling The OCACC moot, on 'he 4th Saturday of'b< rooD'" Ave., one block south of Grand from 1:30J-l:30PM at lhe Fountain Valley ""blic 13'h Ave. in S1. Paul, MN. For more Library. The library" located"' 1763S Los Alamo, informati on, please visit the club's Stred in Fountain V.liey. Please cOntact Brott T.lfold cago. at (9()9) 96S·29()9 01", brott@>ocalcoins.comfor write: website at www.tinyurl.com/ detail' "" future meeting'. w5wkn. W"WW.woalco;o$.oom/OCACC.htm D.A.W.N. :7incienl Xumismalic Please ' Iy dis- Den ver Area W orld &X:,eiy oj72Jashiny/on, 7)C cuss ion of Greek, Roman and Numismatists Biblical coins and antiqu iti es. Usually meets the 3'" SW1day of each Meets the 1SI Friday of each month month at 2:00pm. Plcasejoin us for our at 7PM at Calvary Chapel located at 9052 W. Ken Caryl Ave near So. programs and discussions of ancient nu Ancient Coin Club Garrison Street in Littleton, Colo mismatics and history. For more infor rado. For collectors of Ancient, Me mation, please contact First Consul Mike of Los Angeles dieval and World coins. All are wel Mehalick at 301-552-2214, GENIOAVGVSTJ@comcastnctorvisit nd ~Call Bill Rosenblum at 720- Meets the 2 Sunday of the 981 -0785 for further information. http://answ.ancicnts.info. month at lpm at the Com munity Room in the Sher man Oaks Galleria in Sher VANCOUVER ANCIENT man Oaks, CA. For m ore COIN CLUB information, please visit The Vancouver. BCAncient Coin h ttp://www.accla.org. Club usually meets the second Sunillly of each month from 2· 4 pm at the McGill Branch of the Burnaby Library, 4595 San Francisco Ancient StrcCl, Burnaby, ncar Willingdon and Hastings. For Numismatic Socielv more infonnation, contact Paul Meets the 2"' Saturday of each at 604-3 14·4976 or email month at 2: 1Spm at Fort Ma son, San Francisco. Guests are welcome. For further infonna Classical Numismatic Assodano" of Dct>icatct> tion, please contact the club at Society of the 13\jza"tj"e Collectors SF [email protected]. Delaware Volley Meets Saturday at 11:00 AM at major Meets the 2nd Saturday of each events: January NYTNC, Summer ANA, with guest speaker and mutual month at I :OOpm at Camden PAN - The Pacific display of treasures. Annual dues are County Library, 15 MacArthur $ 10. Contact the Empress at Ancient Numismatists Blvd., Westmont, NJ 08108. For [email protected]. Dues to Meets the 2M Sunday information, please call Dick ADBC, P.O. Box 585, Okemos, MJ of the month at 1 :OOpm Shultz at (856) 667-0346. 48805-0585; (517) 349-0799. at the Bellevue Public Library in Bellevue, WA. For further infor- Wayne G. Sayles, mation write to PAN al Ancient Coin Execut ive Director P.O. Box 1384, Lang ley, WA 417-679 -2 142 98260. www.pnna.org/pan Collectors Guild hUp:llwww.accg.us P.o. Box 911 Dues are $35 per year. please Join d Club & Enjoy Gaine5ville, MO 65655 send to ACCG. P.O. Box 911. Your Hobby Even More! Gainesville. MO 65655 54 The Celator lNDEXOFDISPLAY ADVERTISERS Club ·& Society Directory Album. Ste.,oon ...... 48 Ar>eienl CQin CoIlectofs Guild ...... 56 Amphora . 43 ANACS ...... 19 Me""'1 CQin Malke1 (ACM·L) ...... 44 ( Numismatic Services ) Ar.cHmt lffi!X>r1s ...... 51 WIN AIltiqua Ir.c ...... 26 Anliquarius ...... 47 ApoIoolaAocien1Ar1 ...... 47 Womeu Iu Art tor Etemity Gallery ...... 52 Arlemide Aste s.r.1 ...... 21. 51 Ane Primitivo ...... 47 Numis Aslarte S.A. . Z8 Beach. James E ...... 49 matics 8eul CQins 49 Be r1< Ltd., Hartan·J...... 47 WIN is a nOI1 - a..rman, Allen G ...... 14 Cabinets by Craig...... 52 profit organization dedicated to Calgary CQi n Gallery ...... 49 CGB-CGF ...... 2:2 the promotion of nu mis mat ics Civitas Galleries...... 49 Classical Numismatic Group. Ir.c... Inside Back Cover a mong women through encour OI\1JNE~'\I!!, AITPJ~ bV~lU\T.oo $E CoinArt.net...... 47 CQinPn)ject.com ...... SO agement, ed uc ation and net fffillWT.m ROI\\'1Il1Z!.'IIiE C()I!; Connie's Co September 2011 55 opens September 29, Closes October 13, 2011 Directly FundACCG 56 The Celator .CNGCOINS.COM • COIN SHOP· GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE MEDIEVAL - WORLD - BRITISH Inventory regularly updated • ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS· 24 auctions a year, f eaturing 300-500 lots per sale • PRINTED AUCTIONS· View and pl ace bids online in our printed sales • AUTOMATED WANT LISTS. Receive notifications o n specific it ems you w ant as soon as they are available - no obligation • BOOK LIST. Over 150 titles on Ancient, British, and World coi ns • RESEARCH· Searchable archives on over 67,000 coins we have sold • Subscriptions are available· For our printed catalogs - consult the web site • Company Goals. Customer Service · Excellence in Research & Photography • Consignments. Accepted for the printed and electronic auctions • Buying. AU the time · Ancient - World to 1800 - British Classical Numismatic Group, Inc Post Office Box 479 • Lancaste r, Pennsy lvania 17608-0479 Te l: (7 17) 390-91 94. Fax: (7 17) 390-9978 [email protected] Gemini Numismatic Auctions IX January 8th, 2012 Would you like your coins sold with these great coins? B & H Kreindler Harlan 1. Berk LTD. (631) 423-0176 31 N. Clark Street Chicago, 11. 60602 (3 12) 609-0018 Gemini Numismatic Auctions www.geminiauction.com