DOCSLIB.ORG

ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS 28 Montfern Ave., Brighton, MA 02135, USA ● Tel: 617.782.6290 ● [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS 28 Montfern Ave., Brighton, MA 02135, USA ● Tel: 617.782.6290 ● Press@Academicstudiespress.Com ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS 28 Montfern Ave., Brighton, MA 02135, USA ● tel: 617.782.6290 ● [email protected] The Struggle for Jerusalem and the Holy Land: A New Inquiry into the Qur’an and Classic Islamic Sources on the People of Israel, Their Torah, and Their Links to the Holy Land By Nissim Dana ISBN: 9781618113795 Price: $55.00 USD Pages: 262 pp. Publication Date: June 2014 Summary: In recent generations, the Muslim and Arab world has been suffused with publications on the subject of the People of Israel, its Torah, and this people’s affinity to the Land of Israel. Most of these publications are tendentious, written with a hostile attitude toward Jews and Judaism; indeed, some of them are tainted with antisemitism. The Qur’an, the Holy Scripture of the Muslims, also deals with the question of the status of Eretz Israel, the Land of Israel. Many of its exegetes, following in the tracks of Islam’s holy book, have done so as well. Somewhat surprisingly, perhaps, these Islamic sources express an approach asserting that this land is promised exclusively to the People of Israel. This book explores these sources and discusses them in light of the recent develop‐ ments. Praise for The Struggle for Jerusalem and the Holy Land: “I thoroughly enjoyed this book.... It is a Copernican study: pioneering, fascinating, and carefully reasoned.” —Zeev Maghen, Chair, Department of Middle Eastern Studies, Bar‐Ilan University “In an era in which “hearts and minds” are turned through disinformation and propaganda, through the use of shallow, unreliable channels of communication, great importance attaches to this deep, profound book.” —Moshe (Bogi) Yaalon, Minister of Defense, Israel About the Author Nissim Dana (Ph. D. Dropsie College, Philadelphia) is a chairman of the Multi‐Disciplinary Department of Social Sciences and Humanities at Ariel University. He has served for decades as Head of the Department for Religious Minorities in Israel’s Ministry of Religions. Professor Dana taught in Bar‐Ilan University (1982‐2011) and Haifa University (1996‐2002). Among his publications are The Druze, A Religious Community in Transition (Jerusalem‐London‐Montreal: Turtledove Publishers, 1980), Sefer Ha‐Maspik Le’Ovdey Hashem (Kitab Kifayat al‐‘Abidin) of Rabbi Abraham ben Moshe ben Maimon (Jerusalem: Bar‐Ilan University Press, 1989, in Hebrew), The Druze (Jerusalem: Bar‐Ilan University Press, 1998, in Hebrew), and The Druze in the Middle East (Sussex: Sussex Academic Press, 2003). ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS 28 Montfern Ave., Brighton, MA 02135, USA ● tel: 617.782.6290 ● [email protected] List of Figures xi Foreword xv Scope of the Work xvii Methodology—Order of Chapters (Suras) in the Qur’an xix Part One: Status of the Holy Land, Jerusalem, and the Temple Mount according to the Qur’an and Its Exegetes Chapter 1 Historical Background of the Period and History of the Jews of Arabia (Hijaz) ...2 Historical Background of the Period ...2 Muhammad, Prophet of Islam ...5 The Jewish Population of Arabia ...8 Muhammad and the Jews of Arabia ...18 Chapter 2 Judaism and Islam on the Question: To Whom Does the Holy Land Belong? ...35 Modern Islamic Outlook on the Jewish People and on Their Affinity to the Holy Land ...35 Jewish Sources on the Affinity of the People of Israel to the Holy Land ...47 The Qur’an and Classic Islamic Sources on the Question: To Whom Does This Land Belong? ...50 The Qur’an and Its Exegetes Determine: The Holy Land for the People of Israel ...54 Egypt too Is an Inheritance for the People of Israel, according to the Qur’an and Its Exegetes ...59 The Qur’an and Its Exegetes on the Boundaries of the Land of Israel ...63 The Sin of the Spies: The Biblical Description and the Quar’anic Description ...66 The Prohibition Imposed on the Prophet Muhammad on Crossing into the Holy Land ...73 Exile and Redemption ...74 Chapter 3 The Sanctity of Jerusalem according to the Qur’an and Its Exegetes ...77 Introduction ...77 The Sanctification of Jerusalem according to Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah ...85 Conclusion ...87 Chapter 4 The Prophet of Islam’s Night Ride to the Heavens (al‐‘Isra’ wal‐ Mi’raj) ...90 Introduction ...90 Caliph ‘Umar ibn al‐Khattab’s Visit to the Temple Mount ...93 Details of the Night Ride ...98 Denying the Occurrence of the Night Ride ...101 Solomon’s Stables ...109 Conclusion ...111 Part Two: The Bible and the Qur’an Chapter 5 The Qur’an on the People of Israel and Its Torah ...114 Abraham, Lot, and the Idols ...114 The Hebrew Patriarchs ...116 ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS 28 Montfern Ave., Brighton, MA 02135, USA ● tel: 617.782.6290 ● [email protected] The Israelites’ Descent to Egypt and the Start of Moses’ Mission ...119 “Let Us Appoint a Leader and We Will Return to Egypt” (Numbers 14:4): (Qur’an 2[87]:61) ...130 The Sin of the Golden Calf ...134 The Qur’an on the People of Israel ...139 The Qur’an on the Torah of Israel ...145 Chapter 6 The Order of Creation, Paradise and Hell, Noah and the Flood ...151 The Creation ...151 Cain and Abel ...154 Paradise and Hell ...154 Noah and the Flood ...161 Chapter 7 Jewish Beliefs, Prominent Biblical Figures, and Biblical Subjects in the Qur’an ...163 Jewish Beliefs in the Qur’an ...163 Prominent Biblical Figures in the Qur’an ...165 Prominent Biblical Subjects in the Qur’an ...180 Part Three: The Qur’an’s Approach to “The People of the Book” (Ahl al‐Kitab) Chapter 8 Background to Terming Jews, Christians, and Muslims as “Monkeys and Pigs” ...186 Qur’anic Sources ...186 Opinions of Exegetes of the Qur’an ...188 Reference to the Story in the Modern Era ...191 Muslims Are to Become Monkeys and Pigs in the Future ...194 Conclusion ...196 Chapter 9 Selected Religious and Inter‐Religious Issues that Conclude the Qur’an ...200 Introduction ...200 Status of Islam and of the Muslims ...202 Crystallization of Unique Characteristics for Islam ...202 Judgment for Heretics: Death ...203 Muslims’ Attitudes toward Jews and Christians (The People of the Book—Ahl al‐Kitab) ...204 Muslim‐Jewish Relations: The Jews Are Driven from Madina ...206 The Qur’an on the Attitudes of the Jews and Christians toward Muslims and Allah’s Renewed Promise to Grant the Land to the People of Israel ...208 Chapter 10 Summary and Conclusions ...211 Muhammad and the Jews ...211 Jews and Judaism according to the Qur’an ...213 Some Issues and Surprises: The Unity of God, Adultery, Sabbath Observance, Laws of War, Marital Relations, Land of Israel—Jerusalem—Temple Mount ...214 ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS 28 Montfern Ave., Brighton, MA 02135, USA ● tel: 617.782.6290 ● [email protected] The Affinity of the People of Israel to Its Land according to the Qur’an ...219 Qur’an Exegetes through the Ages on the People of Israel’s Link to Its Land ...221 Qur’an Exegetes in Recent Generations on the Affinity of the People of Israel to the Holy Land ...222 General Conclusions ...227 Bibliography ...229 Indices ...232 A. General Index ...232 B. Index of Verses from the Qur’an ...240 C. Index of Jewish Sources ...248 Abstract in Arabic ...249 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Kafir CHAPTER 5
    the kafir CHAPTER 5 Until now we have looked at the big picture of Sharia and then the po- SITIONÏOFÏWOMENÏINÏ3HARIAÏ7EÏNOWÏCOMEÏTOÏAÏNEWÏSUBJECTTHEÏUNBELIEVERÏ or non-Muslim. The word “non-Muslim” is used in the translation of 3HARIAÏLAW ÏBUTÏTHEÏACTUALÏ!RABICÏWORDÏUSEDÏISÏh+AlRvÏ"UTÏTHEÏWORDÏ+AlRÏ means far more than non-Muslim. The original meaning of the word was “concealer”, one who conceals the truth of Islam. Ï4HEÏ+ORANÏSAYSÏTHATÏTHEÏ+AlRÏMAYÏBEÏDECEIVED ÏPLOTTEDÏAGAINST ÏHAT - ed, enslaved, mocked, tortured and worse. The word is usually translated as “unbeliever” but this translation is wrong. The word “unbeliever” is LOGICALLYÏANDÏEMOTIONALLYÏNEUTRAL ÏWHEREAS Ï+AlRÏISÏTHEÏMOSTÏABUSIVE ÏPREJ - udiced and hateful word in any language. 4HEREÏAREÏMANYÏRELIGIOUSÏNAMESÏFORÏ+AlRSÏPOLYTHEISTS ÏIDOLATERS Ï0EO - ple of the Book (Christians and Jews), Buddhists, atheists, agnostics, and PAGANSÏ+AlRÏCOVERSÏTHEMÏALL ÏBECAUSEÏNOÏMATTERÏWHATÏTHEÏRELIGIOUSÏNAMEÏ IS ÏTHEYÏCANÏALLÏBEÏTREATEDÏTHEÏSAMEÏ7HATÏ-OHAMMEDÏSAIDÏANDÏDIDÏTOÏ POLYTHEISTSÏCANÏBEÏDONEÏTOÏANYÏOTHERÏCATEGORYÏOFÏ+AlRÏ )SLAMÏ DEVOTESÏ AÏ GREATÏ AMOUNTÏ OFÏ ENERGYÏ TOÏ THEÏ +AlRÏ 4HEÏ MAJORITYÏ ÏOFÏTHEÏ+ORANÏISÏDEVOTEDÏTOÏTHEÏ+AlR ÏANDÏNEARLYÏALLÏOFÏTHEÏ3IRAÏ Ï deals with Mohammed’s struggle with them. The Hadith (Traditions) de- VOTESÏÏOFÏTHEÏTEXTÏTOÏ+AlRS 1. Overall, the Trilogy devotes 60% of its CONTENTÏTOÏTHEÏ+AlRÏ Amount of Text Devoted to Kar Hadith 37% Sira 81% Koran 64% Trilogy Total 51% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 1 http://cspipublishing.com/statistical/TrilogyStats/AmtTxtDe-
    [Show full text]
  • “The Qur'an and the Modern Self: a Heterotopia,”
    “The Qur’an and the Modern Self: A Heterotopia,” Social Research: An International Quarterly, Volume 85, No. 3, Fall 2018, pp. 557-572. No book has been so vilified in the Christian West, while at the same time remaining so almost completely unread, as the Qur’an. Those who did at least delve into it put it to numerous and contradictory purposes. Churchmen such as Martin Luther cited it as the ultimate heresy. Enlightenment intellectuals such as Thomas Jefferson valued it for its post-pagan monotheism. In the early decades of the twenty-first century it has been libeled as a font of terrorism. Yet it is the scripture of a quarter of humankind. Prominent writers have often engaged with it as a staccato “heterotopia,” one continually constructed and forgotten, since for all its importance, it has never been part of the literary canon. We have come to the book by diverse and winding pathways. Author Al Young, whom Arnold Schwarzenegger as governor appointed California’s poet laureate, spoke of the profound influence on his craft of the music of jazz legend Yusef Lateef, whose performances he used to attend while growing up in Detroit. He wrote, “That he was Muslim intrigued us. Eventually, to understand a little about where Yusef was coming from, I read British Muslim Marmaduke Pickthall’s translation of the Qur’an: The Glorious Koran. And I was moved” (Young 2013). Between the utopia and the dystopia Michel Foucault positioned the heterotopia, a place in- between, juxtaposed to but not part of the world. He mentioned as examples “the garden, brothel, rest home, festival, magic carpet, Muslim baths” and even “Persian gardens” and “the cemetery” (Johnson 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Islam from Usborne
    ~T. ccceeceeceeeccccccccccceece ISLAM ! slam means obedience, God speaks to Muhammad I T or peace through s submission to the will of Muhammad used to retreat into Allah (God). Followers of the mountains to pray and Islam are called Muslims, contemplate. Around the time of which means obedient ones. his fortieth birthday, while he There are about 1000 million was in a cave on Mount Hira, Muslims in the world, mainly in near Mecca, he received his first the Middle East, North Africa revelation: God spoke to him and parts of Asia. Islam is the through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). second largest religion after Muhammad continued to receive Christianity and is the fastest- revelations throughout his life. growing religion in the world. Muslims share some beliefs The migration about God and about history Muhammad began to preach his with Jews and Christians. The central message in Mecca, that most important event in Muslim "there is no god but Allah". history, however, was the People soon became interested revelation of God's word to a in what he had to say and, afraid man called Muhammad in of his popularity and power, the the early 7th century AD. political leaders began a hostile mlm Muhammad became campaign against him. known as the Eventually, in 622, Muhammad Messenger of had to move God, or the his community Prophet. of followers to a city now editerranean Sea known as Medina, the Muslims at City of the Medina prayer Prophet. v -:;:;;;. A story tells /\r ABIA how Allah Muhammad's following grew was with AFRICA very strong.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK History Undergraduate Honors Theses History 5-2020 Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements Rachel Hutchings Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht Part of the History of Religion Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Citation Hutchings, R. (2020). Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements. History Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements An Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Honors Studies in History By Rachel Hutchings Spring 2020 History J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences The University of Arkansas 1 Acknowledgments: For my family and the University of Arkansas Honors College 2 Table of Content Introduction…………………………………….………………………………...3 Historiography……………………………………….…………………………...6 Surrender Agreements…………………………………….…………….………10 The Evolution of Surrender Agreements………………………………….…….29 Conclusion……………………………………………………….….….…...…..35 Bibliography…………………………………………………………...………..40 3 Introduction Beginning with Muhammad’s forceful consolidation of Arabia in 631 CE, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates completed a series of conquests that would later become a hallmark of the early Islamic empire. Following the Prophet’s death, the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) engulfed the Levant in the north, North Africa from Egypt to Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau in the east.
    [Show full text]
  • Paradise in the Qur'an and the Music of Apocalypse
    CHAPTER 6 Paradise in the Quran and the Music of Apocalypse Todd Lawson These people have no grasp of God’s true measure. On the Day of Resurrection, the whole earth will be in His grip. The heavens will be rolled up in His right hand – Glory be to Him! He is far above the partners they ascribe to Him! the Trumpet will be sounded, and everyone in the heavens and earth will fall down senseless except those God spares. It will be sounded once again and they will be on their feet, looking on. The earth will shine with the light of its Lord; the Record of Deeds will be laid open; the prophets and witnesses will be brought in. Fair judgment will be given between them: they will not be wronged and every soul will be repaid in full for what it has done. He knows best what they do. Q 39:67–70 … An apocalypse is a supernatural revelation, which reveals secrets of the heavenly world, on the one hand, and of eschatological judgment on the other. John J. Collins, The Dead Sea Scrolls 150 ∵ The Quran may be distinguished from other scriptures of Abrahamic or ethical monotheistic faith traditions by a number of features. The first of these is the degree to which the subject of revelation (as it happens, the best English trans- lation of the Greek word ἀποκάλυψις / apocalypsis) is central to its form and contents. In this the Quran is unusually self-reflective, a common feature, inci- dentally, of modern and postmodern works of art and literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Raising the Last Hope British Romanticism and The
    RAISING THE LAST HOPE BRITISH ROMANTICISM AND THE RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD, 1780-1830 by DANIEL R. LARSON B.A., University of New Mexico, 2009 M.A., University of New Mexico, 2011 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English 2016 This thesis entitled: “Raising the Last Hope: British Romanticism and the Resurrection of the Dead, 1780-1830” written by Daniel Larson has been approved for the Department of English Jeffrey Cox Jill Heydt-Stevenson Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii ABSTRACT Larson, Daniel R. (Ph.D., English) Raising the Last Hope: British Romanticism and the Resurrection of the Dead, 1780-1830 Thesis directed by Professor Jeffrey N. Cox This dissertation examines the way the Christian doctrine of bodily resurrection surfaces in the literature of the British Romantic Movement, and investigates the ways literature recovers the politically subversive potential in theology. In the long eighteenth century, the orthodox Christian doctrine of bodily resurrection (historically, a doctrine that grounded believers’ resistance to state oppression) disappears from the Church of England’s theological and religious dialogues, replaced by a docile vision of disembodied life in heaven—an afterlife far more amenable to political power. However, the resurrection of the physical body resurfaces in literary works, where it can again carry a powerful resistance to the state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Islam As a Constitutive Revolution
    Chapter 5 Revolution in Early Islam: The Rise of Islam as a Constitutive Revolution SAÏD AMIR ARJOMAND We conceive of revolution in terms of its great social and political consequences. In a forthcoming comparative and historical study of revolutions, I contrast to the state-centered revolutions of modern times with another ideal-type of revolution which I call the ‘integrative’ revolution (see the Appendix). This ideal type of revolution – which is an aspect of all revolutions – expresses two simple ideas: revolutions 1) bring to power a previously excluded revolutionary elite, and 2) enlarge the social basis of the political regime. This makes integrative revolu- tions not just political but also ‘social revolutions.’ Integrative revolution is in turn divided into three subtypes, the two sub-types I derive from Aristotle-Pareto and Ibn Khaldun are so labeled. The ‘constitutive’ type is my own invention, of- fering the sharpest contrast to the state-centered or ‘Tocquevillian’ type in that it is the typical pattern of radical change in the political order through the enlarge- ment of political community in ‘stateless societies,’ be they of 6th century BCE Greece or 7th century CE Arabia. In addition to this structural typology, we need to come to terms with the mo- tives and goals of the revolutionaries as historical actors, and here I do what may be politically incorrect from the viewpoint of the theory community by using the term teleology, not in the strict Aristotelian sense but rather as a term denoting the directionality of revolution. Through teleology, I seek to capture the distinc- tive direction of a revolution, its intended or intentionally prefigured conse- quences.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Colloquium on Paradise and Hell in Islam Keszthely, 7-14 July 2002
    Proceedings of the Colloquium on Paradise and Hell in Islam Keszthely, 7-14 July 2002 - Part One - EDITED BY K DÉVÉNYI - A. FODOR THE ARABIST BUDAPEST STUDIES IN ARABIC 28-29 THE ARABIST BUDAPEST STUDIES IN ARABIC 28-29 Proceedings of the Colloquium on Paradise and Hell in Islam Keszthely, 7-14 July 2002 EDITOR ALEXANDER FODOR - Part One - ASSOCIATE EDITORS KINGA DÉVÉNYI TAMÁS IVÁNYI EDITED BY K. DÉVÉNYI - A. FODOR EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY CHAIR FOR ARABIC STUDIES & CSOMA DE KŐRÖS SOCIETY SECTION OF ISLAMIC STUDIES Copyright Ed. Csorna de Kőrös Soc. 2008 MÚZEUM BLD. 4/B BUDAPEST, 1088 HUNGARY BUDAPEST, 2008 THE ARABIST CONTENTS BUDAPEST STUDIES IN ARABIC 28-29 P reface........................................................................................................................................ vii Patricia L. Baker (London): Fabrics Fit for A ngels ............................................................... 1 Sheila S. Blair (Boston): Ascending to Heaven: Fourteenth-century Illustrations of the Prophet’s Micra g ......................................................................................................... 19 Jonathan M. Bloom (Boston): Paradise as a Garden, the Garden as Garden . 37 Giovanni Canova (Naples): Animals in Islamic Paradise and H ell ...................... 55 István Hajnal (Budapest): The Events o f Paradise: Facts and Eschatological Doctrines in the Medieval Isma'ili History ................................................................................ 83 Alan Jones (Oxford): Heaven and Hell in the
    [Show full text]
  • The Sword in the Islamic World View
    International Journal of Philosophy and Theology June 2016, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 42-54 ISSN: 2333-5750 (Print), 2333-5769 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijpt.v4n1a4 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijpt.v4n1a4 The Sword in the Islamic World View Dr. Fahd Mohammed Taleb Al-Olaqi1 & Dr. Naushad Umarsharif Shaikh2 Abstract The sword was essentially an important constituent in world culture. For many Muslims, the sword is a symbol of law. Therefore, the sword and power which were means of spreading Islam is not a source of shame for Muslims; rather it is one of its strengths and virtues. Islam was spread worldwide in a hundred years by proof and evidence before rising swords in battle fields. In Islamic philosophy, Islam was spread by proof and evidence, in the case of those who listened to the message and responded to it. And it was spread by strength and the sword in the case of those who stubbornly resisted, until they had no choice and had to submit to the new reality. The West has widely believed that the surge of conversion to Islam was made only by the sword. Modern scholars do not accept this idea while the teachings of the Qur'an are explicit in support of the freedom of conscience. Keywords: Muhammad, Islam, The Glorious Qur’an, sword, conversion, Islamic philosophy The Sword in World Civilizations The sword has its symbolic meaning in the world cultures. It has a special place in the history of various religious, cultures and nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Whoever Harms a Dhimm¯I I Shall Be His Foe on the Day of Judgment
    religions Article Article “Whoever“Whoever HarmsHarms aa DhimmDhimmı¯ī II ShallShall BeBe HisHis FoeFoe onon thethe DayDay of of Judgment”: Judgment”: An An Investigation Investigation into into an an Authentic Prophetic Tradition andand ItsIts OriginsOrigins fromfrom thethe Covenants Covenants Ahmed El-Wakil Ahmed El-Wakil College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar; [email protected] of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar; [email protected] Received: 6 June 2019; Accepted: 9 August 2019; Published: 5 September 2019 Received: 6 June 2019; Accepted: 9 August 2019; Published: 5 September 2019 Abstract: The ḥadīth, “whoever harms a dhimmī I shall be his foe on the Day of Judgment’, can be foundAbstract: as anThe endh. adclause¯ıth, “whoeverto covenants harms which a dhimmthe Prophet¯ı I shall Muḥ beammad his foe issued on the to Day Christian, of Judgment’, Jewish, and can Magianbe found communities. as an end clause As it tois covenantshighly unlikely which for the different Prophet non-Muslim Muh. ammad communities issued to Christian, to have Jewish,forged thisand Prophetic Magian communities. statement at As the it isend highly of their unlikely respective for di ffdocuments,erent non-Muslim this paper communities argues that to havethis utteranceforged this is Propheticauthentic statementand can be at confidently the end of their traced respective back to documents,the Prophet. this This paper paper argues examines that thisthe occurrenceutterance is of authentic this statement and can as bea ḥ confidentlyadīth in the tracedIslamic back literature to the and Prophet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Question of Supersessionism in Early Islam and the Qurʾan
    Revisiting the Charge of Taḥrīf: The Question of Supersessionism in Early Islam and the Qurʾan Sandra Toenies Keating In recent times, a great deal of interest in bringing about peace and harmoni- ous relations between Muslims and Christians has been generated, both within the walls of the academy and beyond. This renewed interest has caused many aspects of the interactions between the two communities to be reassessed, resulting in an explosion of new research, editions, and translations of signifi- cant texts, and fresh insights into ancient questions. On the whole, this move- ment has been positive and productive, engaging people from around the globe in an endeavor that could have far-reaching consequences. There has also been the propensity, however, to downplay real points of dis- agreement in an effort to reach the goal of peace. Nowhere is this more appar- ent than in the tendency to discount the importance of the theological convictions of the communities being studied. In many cases, researchers with little interest in or sensitivity to theological questions discount such evidence as ‘bias’ in an effort to find ‘what really happened.’ For some, the answer to ten- sions between adherents of the two religions is simply to conclude that debates about ‘abstract and theoretical’ questions of truth are useless in the academy, since no definitive conclusions can be reached by human inquiry. Unfortunately, in many cases this has led to historical and linguistic studies that, although helpful, neglect the cultural values and overall intentions of the author(s) of the texts or of the community within which these texts were preserved and transmitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Enoch, Which Was Written Around 5000+ Years Ago
    Enoch I���GH�S The verses with extensive commentaries, references, and ideas for follow-up S N Strutt NEW BOOK ‘ENOCH INSIGHTS’ - MYTHOLOGY OR TRUTH? Published- May 2018. By S.N.Strutt We have all read the very exciting books of ‘LORD OF THE RINGS’ by R.R.Tolkien and the ‘CHRONICLES OF NARNIA’ by C.S.Lewis at some time or another. Or at least we have seen the films. There are many mystical things, as well as mythological things mentioned in these books that are both very strange and almost seem magical. In Lord of the Rings we have massive Giants and Ogres. We have Dragons in both Lord of the Rings and a Hobbits tale. We have Wizards in the Chronicles of Narnia & we also have a ‘Wicked Snow-queen Witch, who makes the world cold and snowy all the time and does not allow Christmas anymore. Anyone who crosses her is turned to stone. She also has an army of hybrids, trolls, chimeras of all sorts including Centaurs and Minotaurs. In the Books of Narnia, we also have the strange ‘Windows to other worlds and different Times’ through such things as paintings. What if I told you that an ancient story of such places and strange happenings has already been written long ago in the very far past, upon this planet. Or let’s say very similar happenings. In my book ‘Enoch Insights’ we will indeed go back to the land of ‘MIDDLE-EARTH’ and find out that a land almost identical to that described in the Lord of the Rings happened on the earth before the great Flood of Noah and is mentioned in great detail in the Book of Enoch, which was written around 5000+ years ago.
    [Show full text]