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Islam from Usborne ~T. ccceeceeceeeccccccccccceece ISLAM ! slam means obedience, God speaks to Muhammad I T or peace through s submission to the will of Muhammad used to retreat into Allah (God). Followers of the mountains to pray and Islam are called Muslims, contemplate. Around the time of which means obedient ones. his fortieth birthday, while he There are about 1000 million was in a cave on Mount Hira, Muslims in the world, mainly in near Mecca, he received his first the Middle East, North Africa revelation: God spoke to him and parts of Asia. Islam is the through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). second largest religion after Muhammad continued to receive Christianity and is the fastest- revelations throughout his life. growing religion in the world. Muslims share some beliefs The migration about God and about history Muhammad began to preach his with Jews and Christians. The central message in Mecca, that most important event in Muslim "there is no god but Allah". history, however, was the People soon became interested revelation of God's word to a in what he had to say and, afraid man called Muhammad in of his popularity and power, the the early 7th century AD. political leaders began a hostile mlm Muhammad became campaign against him. known as the Eventually, in 622, Muhammad Messenger of had to move God, or the his community Prophet. of followers to a city now editerranean Sea known as Medina, the Muslims at City of the Medina prayer Prophet. v -:;:;;;. A story tells /\r ABIA how Allah Muhammad's following grew was with AFRICA very strong. In 629 the Muslims Muhammad's early life Muhammad were able to conquer Mecca and Muhammad was born in during the journey. He and his Muhammad was finally accepted Mecca, in what is now Saudi friend, Abu Bakr, were hiding in there as the Prophet of God. He Arabia, in about 570AD. As a a cave when they heard soldiers won respect both as a great child he was orphaned and was approaching. Abu Bakr was religious leader and as a brought up by a generous uncle. afraid but Muhammad reassured statesman. He grew up to be a camel driver, him that they would be saved. trader, husband and father; he Just as one of the soldiers was The death of Muhammad was well respected in the about to enter and search the After the death of Muhammad in community and was known as cave, he stopped, saying 632, Abu Bakr made a n the Trusted One. that there was no point. announcement to those who However, Muhammad's life was Right across the could not believe that he had not completely happy. He entrance was a really died. He said: "Those disapproved of the lawlessness massive spider's of you who worship of his fellow countrypeople and web. How could A ^ |£ Muhammad must accept was troubled because they Muhammad and " that Muhammad is dead. worshiped many gods. his friend have entered the As for those of you who worship Abraham's belief in one God (see cave without breaking the web? Allah, Allah is living and will page 18) had previously spread The journey to Medina is known never die." This shows the to Arabia but had been lost again. as the Hijrah, or migration, and Muslim attitude to Muhammad. Arabia in Muhammad's is such an important event that He is not to be worshiped. time. Muslims date their calendar However, as Allah's messenger, from it. According to the he deserves the greatest respect. ^>-— Islamic calendar, For this reason, whenever ^ ^fefafe^ it is now the Muslims say Muhammad's 15th century. name, they also say "Peace be In Medina, upon him". 38 cccececcececceceececeecceeceee i This photograph shows part of a mosque (see page 41), built in the early 17th century, at Isfahan in Persia (now Iran). Muslim countries were skilled in tile making and many mosques are decorated with mosaics. Islamic art The Koran forbids images of any kind to be made of Allah, Muhammad or the other prophets, or indeed of any person or animal. This is partly because the worship of images is forbidden in Islam, and partly because no artistic representation could possibly be good enough to reflect adequately the magnificence of Allan's creation. For these reasons, Islamic artists have concentrated on developing beautiful geometric patterns and on calligraphy, because writing is so important, especially in the Koran. , ; As the Koran is seen as the Sacred writings word of Allah, most Muslims try The Koran, also known as the to learn to read it in its original Qur'an, is the holy book of the Arabic, even if this is not their The beliefs of Islam (see next page) can be own language. Only about one written in calligraphy to form the shape of Muslims. It is believed to be the this boat, which is known to Muslims as the word of Allah revealed to sixth of the Muslims in the world Ship of Life. Muhammad during the last 22 are Arab. years of his life, so Allah, not Muslims learn several surahs,or A Koran which was copied by hand in India Muhammad, is its author. At chapters, of the Koran by heart in the 18th century. first the revelations were passed and some try to memorize on by word of mouth, but it was the whole book. They read not long before they 0i)s:,.A some part of it every day and were written down, fifa usually wash as a sign of although they were not \ respect before touching it. collected into one A set of writings called volume until after the Sunnah are reports Muhammad's of the words and deeds of death. Muhammad. They help to H f The Koran interpret the Koran and speaks of Allah's \ give additional oneness and guidance on belief, power, and about worship and what Muslims //.- ibehavior. H should believe. Reading the It also gives^ Koran. The detailed-.^ book is often r placed on a guidance on how stand. they should live. 39 9 ccccccccccccceccccecccceceeccce Muslim beliefs The Five Pillars Many Muslims divide their The Five Pillars of I s l a m show iST Zakah. This is the beliefs into six categories: how Muslim beliefs should be 3| Muslim obligation, put into action in daily life. -t=L for those who can 1 Belief in Allah. afford it, t o give at FT The Shahadah. least 2 Vi percent of 2 Belief in angels. 1 This is the their savings and A box for LL declaration other valuables every collecting 3 Belief in the holy books. of faith, which year to the poor. zakah money. Muslims believe that other is repeated prophets (see below) besides several times a Sawm. This means fasting. Muhammad were given written day: "There is During the ninth Muslim revelations by G od but that no God but S month, Ramadan, Muslims these no longer exist in their Allah, and eat and drink nothing during the original form. They call Jews and Muhammad is hours of daylight. This reminds Christians "People of the Book" His messenger." them that the good things in life out of respect for their belief in are to b e enjoyed but not over- the Tenakh and Bible. The Shahadah indulged in. It also shows^ iB§ written on a vase. equality with the poor. 4 Belief in the prophets of the Ramadan is a time for Tenakh and Bible, such as Salah. These are the five studying the Koran Adam, Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa daily prayers which are said, and for practicing (Moses) and Dawud (David). in Arabic, at dawn, just after self-discipline and S charity. Muslims respect Isa (Jesus) as noon, mid-afternoon, just after a n important prophet, though sunset and after dark. The not the son of God. Muhammad prayers may be said in any clean Hajj. This means was the last of the prophets. place and extra prayers may be pilgrimage. offered at any time. They consist Muslims hope to mainly of verses from the B 5 Belief in the Day of make a pilgrimage to Judgment and life after Koran, praising Allah and asking Mecca once in their death. On the Day of for His guidance. life, to visit the Judgment, the deeds of Muslims wash and often take Ka'bah. This is a every human being will off their shoes before praying, place of worship ^ \ be weighed. Those for cleanliness. believed to have whose good deeds weigh Men have to wear Women must cover their head for prayer. been built by white sheets to heavy will be able to cross a Men do not have to, although many do. Ibrahim and one enter Mecca at narrow pathway across hellfire of his sons, Isma'il Hajj. This is to and safely reach paradise. Muslims always face the holy (Ishmael). It had show equality. city of Mecca when praying. Women sometimes fallen into misuse wear them too. 6 Belief in predestination. This is They perform a set of but Muhammad the belief that God controls ritual movements, restored it to the everything that happens. It is including standing, worship of Allah. linked to the idea of obedience. bowing and kneeling, The Hajj takes Muslims try to d o t h e will of to show their submission to the place during the Allah rather than following an will of Allah. twelfth Muslim individual path through life month, when Prayer beads may millions of The Muslim code of be used to help pilgrims travel to behavior is b a s e d on concentration.
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