Austronesian Relativization Comrie, Bernard and Edward L
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The Linguistic Ecology of Lombok, Eastern Indonesia
2018-06-01 Uppsala University Workshop Sasak, eastern Indonesia: layers of language contact and language change Peter K. Austin Linguistics Department, SOAS University of London Many thanks to Berndt Nothofer for sharing his Sasak materials and research on etymologies, and to colleagues in Lombok for assistance with data and analysis, especially Lalu Dasmara, Lalu Hasbollah and Sudirman. Key points of today’s talk ◼ The history and sociology of Lombok, eastern Indonesia has led to complex lexical borrowings from languages to the west through the innovation of a speech levels system ◼ Earlier believed the ‘core vocabulary’ (body parts, kinship, numbers, pronouns) was immune from borrowing but not here ◼ Sasak has innovated new non-etymological non- borrowed material through a kind of system pattern borrowing Outline ◼ Geography and History ◼ Population and Sociology ◼ Language variation ◼ Contact phenomena ◼ Conclusions Indonesia Data collection Lombok history ◼ Majapahit dependency (13th-15th century) Lombok history ◼ Borrowed Javanese cultural traditions: caste system, aristocracy, Hindu-Buddhist cultural concepts and practices, literacy ◼ Influence of Makassarese (east Lombok) and Balinese (west Lombok) from 16th century ◼ 1678 Balinese Gegel drive out Makassarese, 1740 Balinese Karangasem conquer Gelgel, dominate all Lombok ◼ Introduction of priesthood, books, Aksara Sasak, reinforcement of Javanese influences ◼ Karangasem-Lombok enhanced court by collecting greatest works of the Balinese and Javanese literature, centre of literary -
Folklore As a Tool to Naturally Learn and Maintain Sasak Language As Mother Tongue
Folklore as a Tool to Naturally Learn and Maintain Sasak Language as Mother Tongue Nuriadi Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Majapahit Street No.62, Mataram Keywords: Folklore, Maintenance, Sasak Language, Mother Tongue. Abstract: This paper discusses the role of function of Sasak folklore, especially verbal folklores, in teaching and maintaining Sasak language naturally. ‘Sasak’ is a name of an ethnic group exisiting in Lombok island using Sasak language as mother tongue. Based on qualitative research, Sasak people is usually ‘planting’ (teaching) the Sasak language as their mother tongue through folklore, especially verbal Sasak folklores. Those are such as: pinje panje, children playing songs (elate), lullabying songs (bedede), or story telling (waran). This activity mostly happens in informal form in any kind of occasions. This phenomenon is usually undergone by mothers to their children or by other children to their friends in their own communities. Hence, it is also found that this model of learning is very effective in maintaining the Sasak language as mother tongue and Sasak culture. Finally, based on the research, most of the informants acknowledge that they still well remember all the folklores they played in childhood. They even still love their Sasak backgrounds. Therefore, Sasak folklore is a good tool in naturally teaching and/or maintaining Sasak language. 1 INTRODUCTION taking a role as mother-tongue for that group. It is embedded, according to Sairin (2010), in the vein of Language is as a culture and identity as well for each the real users and functions as a determinant of ethnic group (Sairin, 2010). -
The Transnational Politics of Aceh and East Timor in the Diaspora
MAKING NOISE: THE TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS OF ACEH AND EAST TIMOR IN THE DIASPORA by KARLA S. FALLON A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Political Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) May 2009 © Karla S. Fallon, 2009 Abstract This dissertation analyzes the transnational politics of two new or incipient diasporas, the Acehnese and East Tirnorese. It examines their political roles and activities in and across several countries in the West (Europe, North America, and Australia) as well as their impact on the “homeland” or country of origin, during and after armed conflict. It suggests that the importance of diaspora participation in conflict and conflict settlement is not solely or even primarily dependent on the material resources of the diaspora. Instead it is the ideational and political resources that may determine a diaspora’s ability to ensure its impact on the homeland, on the conflict, and its participation in the conflict settlement process. This study adopts a constructivist approach, process-tracing methods, and an analytical framework that combines insights from diaspora politics and theories on transnational advocacy networks (TANs). It concludes that the Aceh and East Timor cases support the proposition that diasporas are important and dynamic political actors, even when they are small, new, and weak. These cases also support the proposition that the political identities and goals of diasporas can be transformed over time as a diaspora is replenished with new members who have new or different ideas, as factions within diasporas gain power vis-à-vis others, and/or as the political partners available to the diaspora in the hostland and internationally change or broaden. -
A Stigmatised Dialect
A SOCIOLINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF ACEHNESE WITH A FOCUS ON WEST ACEHNESE: A STIGMATISED DIALECT Zulfadli Bachelor of Education (Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia) Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) Thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics Faculty of Arts University of Adelaide December 2014 ii iii iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS A SOCIOLINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF ACEHNESE WITH A FOCUS ON WEST ACEHNESE: A STIGMATISED DIALECT i TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF TABLES xv ABSTRACT xvii DECLARATION xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi CHAPTER 1 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preliminary Remarks ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Acehnese society: Socioeconomic and cultural considerations .......................... 1 1.2.1 Acehnese society .................................................................................. 1 1.2.2 Population and socioeconomic life in Aceh ......................................... 6 1.2.3 Workforce and population in Aceh ...................................................... 7 1.2.4 Social stratification in Aceh ............................................................... 13 1.3 History of Aceh settlement ................................................................................ 16 1.4 Outside linguistic influences on the Acehnese ................................................. 19 1.4.1 The Arabic language.......................................................................... -
Documenting Endangered Literary Genres in Sasak, Eastern Indonesia
Documenting endangered literary genres in Sasak, eastern Indonesia Peter K. Austin Endangered Languages Academic Programme Department of Linguistics, SOAS ANDC, Australian National University [email protected] 2013-01-30 Draft paper prepared for Indonesian Linguistics Workshop, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, February 2013 – do not quote or cite without permission Abstract1 The island of Lombok, eastern Indonesia, is linguistically and culturally complex, with several languages being used there, including Sasak, Balinese, Kawi (a form of early modern Javanese) and Indonesian. Sasak shows wide geographical and social variation, with a system of speech levels, apparently borrowed from its western neighbours. The Sasaks also have a literary tradition of writing manuscripts on palm leaves (lòntar) in a manner similar to that of the Balinese (Rubinstein 2000, Creese 1999), and historically, the Javanese. Lombok today remains one of only a handful of places in Indonesia where reading lòntar (called in Sasak, pepaòsan) continues to be practised, however even there the number of people who are able to read and interpret the texts is rapidly diminishing. In this paper I outline the nature of the Sasak literary materials (see also Marrison 1999, 2000, Van der Meij 1996, 2002), how reading is taught, the nature of reading performances, and the role of this genre within contemporary Sasak culture. This work results from fieldwork undertaken in two locations on Lombok, and studies I have carried out with some of the few younger specialists who is able to perform lòntar reading. The paper concludes with discussion of some challenges for language documentation theory and practice (Himmelmann 2002, Woodbury 2011) that arise in the process of recording and analyzing 1 Research on Sasak has been supported at various times by the Australian Research Council, the School of Oriental and African Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung. -
A Policy Proposal for Heritage Language Conservation: a Case for Indonesia and Sarawak
Issues in Language Studies (Vol. 6 No. 2 – 2017) A POLICY PROPOSAL FOR HERITAGE LANGUAGE CONSERVATION: A CASE FOR INDONESIA AND SARAWAK Bambang SUWARNO Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia Jalan W. R. Supratman, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia [email protected] Manuscript received 7 July 2017 Manuscript accepted 4 October 2017 ABSTRACT Heritage languages are declining in Indonesia and Sarawak. They need conservation due to their situations as endemic languages. Their decline could be attributed to the fact that they often do not possess significant roles in the public domains. As a result, their speakers see little rewards or prestige for maintaining them. In Indonesian and Malaysian constitutions there is a spirit for protecting heritage languages. However, their executions, through national laws, might not have provided adequate protection for the heritage languages. As heritage languages keep declining, a policy revision needs to be given consideration. A heritage language may better survive if it has some functions in the public domains. Thus, to conserve the heritage languages, there is a need for the revision of language policy, so that these languages may have roles in the public domains, with varying scope, depending on their size. Large regional languages may be given maximum roles in the public domains, while smaller regional languages may be given smaller roles. Language conservation areas could be developed, where heritage languages serve as co-official languages, besides the national language. These areas may range from a district to a province or a state. Keywords: language policy, language planning, heritage language, language conservation IntroDuction: Why Heritage Languages Must Be Conserved? Before starting the discussion, it is essential to define heritage language. -
Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia
Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia <UN> Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte (kitlv, Leiden) Henk Schulte Nordholt (kitlv, Leiden) Editorial Board Michael Laffan (Princeton University) Adrian Vickers (Sydney University) Anna Tsing (University of California Santa Cruz) VOLUME 300 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki <UN> Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia A Longue Durée Perspective Edited by David Henley Henk Schulte Nordholt LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits any non-commercial use, distri- bution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of kitlv (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Cover illustration: Kampong Magetan by J.D. van Herwerden, 1868 (detail, property of kitlv). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Environment, trade and society in Southeast Asia : a longue durée perspective / edited by David Henley, Henk Schulte Nordholt. pages cm. -- (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde ; volume 300) Papers originally presented at a conference in honor of Peter Boomgaard held August 2011 and organized by Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-28804-1 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-28805-8 (e-book) 1. Southeast Asia--History--Congresses. 2. Southeast Asia--Civilization--Congresses. -
I I SKRIPSI KEKERABATAN BAHASA SASAK DIALEK MENO-MENE DAN
i SKRIPSI KEKERABATAN BAHASA SASAK DIALEK MENO-MENE DAN BAHASA SUMBAWA DIALEK TALIWANG DALAM KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1) Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram Heni Rukmana 11411A0022 PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM 2019 i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI KEKERABATAN BAHASA SASAK DIALEK MENO-MENE DAN BAHASA SUMBAWA DIALEK TALIWANG DALAM KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF Telah memenuhi syarat dan disetujui Tanggal 2019 Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimbing II Drs. H. Akhmad H. Mus, M.Hum. Habiburrahman, M.Pd. NIDN 0822086002 NIDN 0824088701 Menyetujui: PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDOENESIA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM Ketua Program Studi, Habiburrahman, M.Pd. NIDN 0824088701 ii PENGESAHAN iii SURAT PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini saya mahasiswi Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram menyatakan bahwa : Nama : Heni Rukmana NIM : 11411A0022 Alamat : Karang Jangkong, Kec. Cakranegara Kota Mataram Memang benar skripsi saya yang berjudul Kekerabatan Bahasa Sasak Dialek Meno-mene dan Bahasa Sumbawa Dialek Taliwang (Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif) adalah asli karya sendiri dan belum pernah diajukan untuk mendapatkan gelar akademik di tempat manapun. Skripsi ini murni gagasan, rumusan dan penelitian saya sendiri tanpa bantuan pihak lain, kecuali arahan pembimbing. Jika terdapat karya atau pendapat orang lain yang telah dipublikasikan, memang diacu sebagai sumber dan dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka. Jika dikemudian hari pernyataan saya ini terbukti tidak benar, saya siap mempertanggung jawabkannya, termasuk bersedia meninggalkan gelar kesarjanaan yang saya peroleh. Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sadar dan tanpa tekanan dari pihak manapun. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 465 Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on Education and Social Sciences (ACCESS 2019) An Analisys of Passive Construction in Rempung Language East Lombok Moh. Ismail Fahmi* Amrullah Amrullah Postgraduate English Department Postgraduate English Department Universitas Mataram Universitas Mataram Mataram Indonesia Mataram Indonesia [email protected] Abstract— The purpose of this research is to identify the All along the period, people always learn language, forms of passive voice in Rempung language and to investigate because the language has crucial rule in the real life. It is whether the appearance i-prefix –form in the Rempung. This imaginable, without language how the world will be. But research was conducted at Rempung village. The design of the probably for its customary, language is infrequently has research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection method not attention, and usually supposed as common things as used is note taking as primary data while having conversation human being walking or breathing. Language is not just with people who are speaking Rempung as their native language. spoken but also alliance by its rule, in this case syntax. After all data were collected, then they were sorted based on the Almost whole the educational institutions, which open researcher's needs to be analyzed. The data analysis shows that program of Strata (S-1) of language, teach their students the passive construction in Rempung Language is divided in two kinds. First passive construction use “i” prefix but active and about linguistics. The knowledge of it is not as a passive as same prefix (Inverted passive). -
Inventory of the Oriental Manuscripts of the Library of the University of Leiden
INVENTORIES OF COLLECTIONS OF ORIENTAL MANUSCRIPTS INVENTORY OF THE ORIENTAL MANUSCRIPTS OF THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN VOLUME 7 MANUSCRIPTS OR. 6001 – OR. 7000 REGISTERED IN LEIDEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN MAY 1917 AND 1946 COMPILED BY JAN JUST WITKAM PROFESSOR OF PALEOGRAPHY AND CODICOLOGY OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD IN LEIDEN UNIVERSITY INTERPRES LEGATI WARNERIANI TER LUGT PRESS LEIDEN 2007 © Copyright by Jan Just Witkam & Ter Lugt Press, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2006, 2007. The form and contents of the present inventory are protected by Dutch and international copyright law and database legislation. All use other than within the framework of the law is forbidden and liable to prosecution. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author and the publisher. First electronic publication: 17 September 2006. Latest update: 30 July 2007 Copyright by Jan Just Witkam & Ter Lugt Press, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2006, 2007 2 PREFACE The arrangement of the present volume of the Inventories of Oriental manuscripts in Leiden University Library does not differ in any specific way from the volumes which have been published earlier (vols. 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22 and 25). For the sake of brevity I refer to my prefaces in those volumes. A few essentials my be repeated here. Not all manuscripts mentioned in the present volume were viewed by autopsy. The sheer number of manuscripts makes this impossible. -
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chapter 5 History and Seismology in the Ring of Fire Punctuating the Indonesian Past Anthony Reid Terrifying spasms of the planet like the one that struck northern Honshu in March 2011, or Aceh and much of the Indian Ocean littoral on Boxing Day 2004, force us to reflect on what our discipline is about. The longer the time-depth considered, the more human history can be seen to be dependent on the benef- icence of the planet we inhabit. In our preoccupation with the rise, fall, suc- cesses and follies of states, especially of our own states, historians have often missed the larger vocation of seeking to understand the planet itself. Here Peter Boomgaard blazed a crucial trail, showing what appropriately equipped histori- ans can do to write the history of the Southeast Asian environment as a crucial part of that of the planet.1 Yet this too risks becoming a marginal sub-discipline. The great majority of historians of Southeast Asia focus on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and have little contact with those we call pre-historians, let alone seismologists, geologists, life scientists and climatologists. Past Neglect Since 2004 Sumatra has come to be understood as one of the most active and dangerous tectonic subduction zones in the world, with the most dramatically evident periodicity of mega-events (Perkins 2008). But the historians and oth- ers who wrote about Sumatra in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries did little to prepare their readers for violent earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and climatic aberrations. Authors such as C. Snouck Hurgronje, E.S. -
Studies in English Language and Education X(X)
PUBLISHED VERSION Zulfadli A. Aziz, Robert Amery The effects of a linguistic tsunami on the languages of Aceh Studies in English Language and Education, 2016; 3(2):103-111 Copyright © 2016 Syiah Kuala University. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Published version http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/4958 PERMISSIONS http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 28 March, 2017 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103942 The Effects of a Linguistic Tsunami on the Languages of Aceh p-ISSN 2355-2794 e-ISSN 2461-0275 Zulfadli A. Aziz1* Robert Amery2 1Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, INDONESIA 2University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA Abstract The languages throughout the world are in crisis and it is estimated that 50% to 90% will have disappeared by the end of this century (Grenoble, 2012). Colonisation, nationalism, urbanisation and globalisation have resulted in a linguistic tsunami being unleashed, with a few major world languages swamping others. The rate of language loss today is unprecedented as this small number of dominant languages expands rapidly. Small minority languages are mainly in danger, but even large regional languages, such as Acehnese with millions of speakers, are unsafe. Similar to the case of a tsunami triggered by an earthquake, it is generally too late before speakers are aware of what is happening. In most cases language shift will have already progressed and irreversible before people realize it. This paper examines the early warning signs of impending language shift and what can be done for minority languages to have the best chance of survival.