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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Pós-Graduação Em Inglês E Literatura Correspondente Lexical Signalling: a Study of Un Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Pós-Graduação em Inglês e Literatura Correspondente Lexical Signalling: A Study of Unspecific Nouns in Book Reviews Antonia Dilamar Araujo Tese submetida à4Jniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do grau de Doutora em Letras opção Língua Inglesa e Lingüística Aplicada Florianópolis Agosto 1996 Esta tese foi julgada adequada e aprovada em sua forma final pelo programa de Pós-graduação em Inglês para a obtenção do grau de Doutora em Letras Opção Língua Inglesa e Lingüística Aplicada ao Inglês r. José Roberto O’Shea Coordenador Dr. José Luiz Meurer Orientador Banca Examinadora: Dr. José Luiz Meurer 'Jy'ctMUlùi. ÁLirrCLt^ Dra. Maria Irandé Costa M Ântunes ( ÿ Dr. V ilsdrjosé Leffa Dra. Désireé Motta-Roth Florianópolis, 27 de agosto de 1996 Dedico este trabalino, com muito amor a; meus pais, pela amizade e estímulos constantes no decorrer do doutorado; meus innãos, cunhados, sobrinhos, pela amizade e solidariedade; amigos que confiaram em mim; meu esposo e minha filha, pelo carinho, compreen­ são e estímulo constantes ajudando a tornar possí­ vel esse trabalho. 11 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Professor Dr. José Luiz Meurer, my supervisor, for his friendship, patience, enthusiasm and dedicated supen/ision during the doctoral program at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. I am also indebted to Professor Dr. Michael Hoey, for having supervised the research developed at the University of Liverpool, and for his unfailing support and helpful suggestions for the improvement of this work. My friends, colleagues and professors of the English Graduate Program at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, for their support and friendship. The Departamento de Letras, at the Universidade Federal do Piauí, for releasing me from my academic activities so that I could obtain the degree. To the CAPES, for the financial support in Florianópolis and Liverpool. To everybody, who directly or indirectly, contributed to the accomplishment of this work. To GOD for his magnificence and kindness who gave me strength of will to finish this work. lU ABSTRACT Lexical signalling: A Study of Unspecific Nouns in Book Reviews Antonia Dilamar Araújo Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 1996 Supervising; Professor Dr. José Luiz Meurer This thesis examines book reviews in the area of Applied Linguistics as an academic genre in terms of their communicative goal, overall rhetorical organization and the role lexis plays in the development and organization of such texts. The basic hypotheses of this study are two-fold: First, that book reviews as a genre have a typical rhetorical organization in terms of content, form and use of linguistic devices in spite of stylistic variations. Second, that unspecific nouns, as important cohesive devices, help to connect meanings and organize the structure of book reviews. For the investigation of generic features of the reviews and the use of linguistic devices, Swales’ move-type analysis, Hasan’s notion of genre and Winter’s and Hoe/s clause-relational approach were followed. Such approaches offer views that contribute to the identification of the elements of the organization of book reviews and the way these texts are linguistically realized. The results reveal that despite some variation, the examplars analysed have a number of shared features which allows one to assert that they are instances of the same genre and that unspecific nouns, besides helping to organize the genre, also guide the reader’s interpretation of a portion of discourse. The thesis is concluded by showing the pedagogical implications of this research for the teaching of writing and by making suggestions for further research. Number of pages: 274 IV Resumo Esta tese tem por objetivo examinar a organização retórica do gênero lingüístico ‘resenha crítica’, bem/como o papel dos substantivos ‘nãõ-específicos’ enquanto elemento coesivo na organização do referido gênero. Para essa investigação, foram selecionados e analisados oitenta exemplares de resenhas críticas acadêmicas em Inglês, na área de Lingüística Aplicada. As hipóteses para a investigação desta pesquisa são; primeiro, que as resenhas críticas acadêmicas, como um tipo de gênero lingüístico escrito, possui uma organização retórica típica considerando conteúdo, função e forma; segundo, que os substantivos ‘não-específicos’, enquanto importantes elementos coesivos, ajudam a criar sentidos e organizar a estrutura das resenhas. A teoria de Swales - ‘move-type analysis’, a noção de gênero proposta por Hasan e a teoria de Winter e Hoey - ‘a clause-relational approach’ - foram aplicadas na análise dos dados. Os resultados revelam que há regularidades de conteúdo, função e forma, e que os textos analisados pertencem a um mesmo gênero textual, apesar das variações estilísticas. A presença de substantivos não- específicos, através de suas relações anafóricas e catafóricas, é significante, e demonstra que além de ajudar na organização do gênero, estes elementos lingüísticos ajudam o leitor na interpretação do discurso escrito. Considerando esses resultados, conclui-se esta tese mostrando as implicações pedagógicas desta pesquisa para o ensino de redação e apresentando sugestões para futuras pesquisas. Número de páginas: 274 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Introduction.................................................................................... 1 1.2. Basic hypotheses of the study ...................................................... 2 1.3. Aims of the study........................................................................... 3 1.4. Rationale: The study of genre ...................................................... 4 1.5. Rationale: The study of Unspecific nouns.................................... 12 1.6. The design of the study................................................................ 14 1.7. Rationale: The choice of book reviews......................................... 16 1.8. Rationale: The choice of field....................................................... 18 1.9. The organization of the thesis...................................................... 18 CHAPTER II - GENRE STUDIES IN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE............. 21 2.1. Introduction.................................................................................... 21 2.2. The origin of genres ..... ................................................................. 21 2.3. Genre studies as social action ..... ................................................. 26 2.4. Hasan’s view of genre ........................................................ .......... 29 2.5. Genre and academic discourse.................................................... 33 2.5.1. Swales’ view of genre................................................... ......... 35 2.5.2. Move analysis of research article Introductions .................... 39 2.5.3.Applying Swales’ move-type analysis to the study of BRs 43 2.6. Genre and register......................................................................... 45 2.7. Summary of the chapter...................... .......................................... 48 Notes..................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER III - THE RHETORICAL ORGANIZATION OF BOOK RE­ VIEWS.................................................. ........................... 49 3.1. Introduction.................................................................................... 49 3.2. Methodology................................................................................... 49 3.2.1. Text analysis........................................................................... 52 3.3. Structural description of the moves............................................... 55 VI 3.4. Description of Rhetorical Strategies for BRs................................. 60 3.4.1. Strategies realizing Move 1 - Establishing the field .............. 62 3.4.2. Strategies realizing Move 2 - Summarizing the content of the book................................................................................... 74 3.4.3. Strategies realizing Move 3 - Assessing the book as a whole...................................................................................... 95 3.5. A Sample analysis.......................................................................... 102 3.6. The textual boundaries of BRs ...................................................... 109 3.7. Flexibility in the move-structure of BRs......................................... 113 3.8. Limitations and difficulties of the analysis..................................... 116 3.9. Summary of the chapter................................................................ 119 Notes ................................................................................................... 120 CHAPTER IV - UNSPECIFIC NOUNS IN BOOK REVIEWS.................. 121 4.1. Introduction................................................................................... 121 4.2. Definition and characterization of U-nouns.................................. 121 4.3. Text analysis of U-nouns .............................................................. 126 4.4*Criteria for Identifying U-nouns..................................................... 128 4.5. Modification of U-nouns in Book Reviews.................................... 143 4.6. A Tentative Categorization of U-nouns in Book Reviews ............ 154 4.6.1. Introduction...........................................................................
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