COVERAGE FOR PNP entrance examination General information -Philippine constitution Basic Human Rights -Philippine History significant Event, People and Places) -Philippine Government {Structures and Functions} -PNP Laws and Jurisprudence - Five (5) Pillars of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) - Current Events (Very Current/social Awareness and Value Judgment) Verbal Reasoning -Vocabulary (Words related to police matters) -Comprehension (Contextual Understanding) -Grammar (correct usage) Quantitative Reasoning - Basic Concepts {measurements) -Problem Solving skills Logical Reasoning -Induction -Deduction -Synthesis 30 Universal Human Rights Written below are the 30 Human Rights that all persons have. These universal rights must be respected at all times, anywhere in the world: Human Rights refer to the “basic rights and freedoms that all human beings have.” 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. 2. Everyone is entitled to rights and freedoms without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political affiliation or opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or any other status. 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national court for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.13 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial court, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. 11. Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty. 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, or to attacks upon one’s honor and reputation. 13. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. 14. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. 15. Everyone has the right to a nationality. 16. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to have a family. 17. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. 20. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.14 21. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government. 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co- operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. 23. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. 25. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 26. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. 27. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. 28. Everyone is entitled to a social and international order.15 29. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. 30. No state, group or person must engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the universally recognized rights and freedoms. 10 BASIC INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARD 1: EQUAL PROTECTION Everyone is entitled to equal protection of the law, without discrimination on any grounds, and especially against violence and other threats. Be especially vigilant to protect potentially vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, women, refugees, displaced persons, and members of minority groups. STANDARD 2: RESPECTFUL TREATMENT Treat all citizens and victims of crime with compassion and respect, with utmost consideration for their need for safety and privacy. STANDARD 3: USE OF FORCE Do not use force except when strictly necessary and to the minimum extent required under the circumstances. STANDARD 4: POLICING NON-VIOLENT ASSEMBLIES Avoid using force when policing unlawful but non-violent assemblies. When dispersing violent assemblies, use force only to the minimum extent necessary. STANDARD 5: USE OF LETHAL FORCE Lethal force should not be used except when strictly unavoidable in order to protect your life or the lives of others. STANDARD 6: ARRESTING PERSONS ON LEGAL GROUNDS Only arrest persons if there are legal grounds to do so, and the arrest is carried out in accordance with lawful arrest procedures. STANDARD 7: DETAINEES’ RIGHTS Ensure that all detainees, immediately after their arrest, have access to their family and lawyer. They must also be given immediate medical assistance whenever necessary. STANDARD 8: HUMANE TREATMENT OF DETAINEES All detainees must be treated humanely. Under any circumstances, do not inflict, instigate, nor tolerate any act of torture or ill-treatment, and refuse to obey any order to do so. STANDARD 9: REFUSAL TO OBEY UNJUST ORDERS Do not carry out, order, or cover-up extra-legal killings or enforced disappearance, and refuse to obey any order to do so. STANDARD 10: REPORTING VIOLATIONS Report all violations of these standards to your senior officer and to the nearest Prosecutor’s Office. Do everything within your ability and authority to ensure steps are taken to investigate violations of these standards. Philippine History significant Event, People and Places 1. Trading with the Chinese. 10th century. They dominated Philippine commerce from then on. 2. Arrival of Arab traders and missionaries. Mid-14th century. They conducted trade and preached Islam in Sulu that later spread to other parts of the country. 3. Arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. March 1521. It marked the beginning of Spanish interest in the Philippines as several Spanish expeditions followed. 4. First Mass in the Philippines. March 31, 1521. It was held in Limasawa, an island in Southern Leyte. Symbolized the conversion of many Filipinos to Roman Catholicism. 5. Death of Ferdinand Magellan. April 27, 1521. 6. Landing of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in Cebu. 1565. This marked the beginning of Spanish dominion in the Philippines as Legazpi later established the seat of Spanish colonial government in Manila. 7. Blood Compact. March 1565. Spanish Captain General Legazpi and Rajah Sikatuna performed the blood compact in Bohol as a sign of peace agreement between their parties. 8. First agreement for peace in the Philippines. June 4, 1565. Rajah Tupas and Legazpi signed this treaty of peace. Through the treaty, Cebu would recognize the Spanish government, which, on the other hand, would provide protection to Cebu in times of wars. 9. Construction of the Church and Convent of Santo Niño, the first Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines, in Cebu by Rev. Father Andres de Urdaneta. 1565. This marked the beginning of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines as Spanish priests from other religious orders followed. The priests played significant roles in developing the country as a Spanish colony. 10. Shipbuilding. Early 1600s. Ships were built on Biliran Island and later in Cavite. 11. Longest Revolt in history. 1744-1829. Francisco Dagohoy led this longest uprising in Bohol against the Spanish government. 12. British invasion of Manila. September 23, 1762. The British invaded and occupied Manila until March 1764, when the Seven-Year War in Europe ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The treaty compelled the British to return Manila and its environs to Spain. 13. Tobacco Monopoly. 1781. The Spanish government established this for business purposes. It served as a big source of revenue for the Spanish government until it was closed in 1882. During the period, tobacco farms and cigarette plants in the country increased and employed many Filipinos as farmers and factory workers. 14. Surnames for Filipinos. November 21, 1849. Governor Narciso Claveria y Zaldua issued a decree that provided for the use of Spanish surnames by Filipinos to facilitate census, tax collection and administration.