sign in sign up
<<
Home , Gregory Petsko, Structural biology

82

An interdepartmental program Courses of Study: Major (BS) Biological Physics

Objectives How to Become an Major

The undergraduate major in biological physics is designed to The major requires a large number of science courses, some of which provide the quantitative skills and background in chemistry and are prerequisites for more advanced courses. Therefore, it is for students interested in the study of the physics of important to start taking these courses in the first year. Students are biological systems, especially on the molecular scale. This advised to meet with the biological physics chair as soon as possible program provides a strong foundation in the physical sciences to plan their schedule. It is most advantageous to take physics and that underpin much of the modern revolution in biology. It math in the first year, but starting with chemistry and math in the should be of particular interest to students wishing to pursue first year is also adequate. careers in fundamental or applied research in , quantitative biology, and . The Seminar in Biological Physics (BIPH 11a,b) is recommended for first-year students, but can be taken in the second year. Students For a related graduate program, please see the Biophysics and interested in the honors program, involving a senior research thesis, Structural Biology Program elsewhere in this Bulletin. should begin to seek a faculty mentor by the end of their second year, with the prospect of starting research as early as possible.

Committee Seth Fraden Jané Kondev (Physics, Volen National Center for (Physics) Complex Systems) Robert Meyer, Chair Gregory Petsko (Physics, Volen National Center for Jeff Gelles ( and Chemistry, and Director, Complex Systems) (Biochemistry) Rosenstiel Center)

Bulbul Chakraborty Anne Gershenson Dagmar Ringe (Physics) (Chemistry) (Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Rosenstiel Center) Zvonimir Dogic Michael Hagan (Physics) (Physics) Azadeh Samadani (Physics) Dorothee Kern (Biochemistry, Volen National Center for Complex Systems)

Requirements for the Major Students with high enough Advanced Placement Examination scores may place out of some of the elementary courses. See the Advanced Placement Credit chart on page 23 for details concerning the Degree of equivalent Brandeis courses for sufficient scores in the tests in To satisfy the requirements for the major in biological physics Mathematics (AB or BC), Physics (C), and Chemistry. Concentration leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science, students must credit is given for all these tests except for Physics C: Electrical. successfully complete the foundation of this program, which is a Students who take Advanced Placement credit for Physics 15b will be set of required courses in the physical and life sciences. The core required to take Physics 30a, the intermediate-level course in this courses, divided by fields, are: subject.

Physics: PHYS 15a,b; PHYS 19a,b; PHYS 20a,b; PHYS 30b; PHYS Beyond the core, curriculum students are expected to explore areas of 39; PHYS 40 further inquiry by taking at least two elective courses. Possible topics and related courses are listed below. Other courses can be taken as Mathematics: MATH 10a,b electives with approval of the program advisor.

Chemistry: CHEM 11a,b and CHEM 18a,b or equivalents Molecular : The use of physical techniques including X-ray , electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance to Biology: BIOL 18a,b and BIOL 22a,b elucidate the structure of bio-. Electives: BIOL 102b, BCHM 171b*, BIOL 126b, BCHM 104b*. Biological Physics: BIPH 11a,b Single biophysics: The study of biological processes on the The Seminar in Biological Physics (BIPH 11a,b) should be taken single molecule scale, such as , ion transport through in the first or second year. Students who enter the program after membranes, folding, molecular motors. Electives: BIOL 25a, their first year may find it convenient to replace BIPH 11a,b with BCHM 101a*. PHYS 105A, Biological Physics, which covers the same material at a higher level of both mathematics and physics. Modeling of biological structure and function: The development and analysis of mathematical models for elucidating biological structure and function. Electives: CHEM 144a, PHYS 105a, NPHY 115a*, NBIO 136b. Biological Physics 83

Systems and networks: Study of topics including , Year 1: CHEM 11a,b; CHEM 18a,b; MATH 10a,b neural networks, and networks of genes and . Electives: BCHM 170b*, NBIO 140b. Year 2: BIOL 18a; BIOL 22a; BIPH 11a,b; PHYS 15a,b; PHYS 19a,b *Required prerequisites for this course are not included in the core curriculum. Year 3: BIOL 18b; BIOL 22b; PHYS 20a,b; one elective

A student starting the biological physics major in the first year, Year 4: PHYS 30b; PHYS 39a; PHYS 40a; one elective with no Advanced Placement, should follow the recommended sequence: In addition to the required courses, students are urged to learn the necessary topics in organic chemistry as preparation for biochemistry. Year 1: BIPH 11a,b; MATH 10a,b; PHYS 15a,b; PHYS 19a,b This opens up additional options for undergraduate research and graduate programs in the life sciences. For medical school, a year of Year 2: CHEM 11a,b; CHEM 18a,b; PHYS 20a,b organic chemistry with laboratory, in addition to the required courses for biological physics, will complete the premed program Year 3: BIOL 18a,b; BIOL 22 a,b; PHYS 40a requirements.

Year 4: PHYS 30b; PHYS 39a; two electives An important component of the program is the opportunity for students to participate in research. Opportunities exist for research in A student with advanced preparation in math, physics, and the laboratories of physics, chemistry, , biochemistry, chemistry who wants to emphasize biochemistry might take the and biology faculty. following program: Honors Program Year 1: BIPH 11a,b; MATH 15a, MATH 20b; PHYS 19b, Graduation with honors requires completion of a senior research PHYS 20a,b thesis. Students must enroll in BIPH 99d in their senior year to carry out a research project. Students wishing to join the honors program Year 2: BIOL 18a,b; BIOL 22a,b; CHEM 25a,b; CHEM 29a,b should apply to the honors advisor in the program in the spring of their junior year. Year 3: BCHM 100a; PHYS 40a; one elective

Year 4: PHYS 30a,b; PHYS 39a; one elective Special Notes Relating to Undergraduates

Students with advanced preparation might choose additional courses in other areas rather than organic and biochemistry. A Students majoring in biological physics may not count required student who has started as a premed and switched to biological courses toward a minor in physics. By completing other required physics (not completing the premed program) might have the courses, they can complete a second major in physics. However, for following program: the preparation for a career in biological physics, it might be more valuable to devote extra science courses to deeper preparation in chemistry and biochemistry.

Courses of Instruction BIPH 11a. Usually offered every year. BIOL 22b Mr. Kondev Structure and Function

(1–99) Primarily for Undergraduate BIPH 98a Reading in Biological Physics CHEM 11a Students Open to students wishing to study a subject General Chemistry I not available in the curriculum. Staff CHEM 11b BIPH 11a Seminar in Biological Physics General Chemistry II Corequisite: PHYS 15a. May yield half- BIPH 98b Reading in Biological Physics course credit toward rate of work and Open to students wishing to study a subject CHEM 18a graduation. not available in the curriculum. General Chemistry Laboratory I Introduction to recent experimental and Staff theoretical advances in biological physics at CHEM 18b the first-year physics level. Examples of BIPH 99d Senior Research General Chemistry Laboratory II topics include the physics of DNA and Research and preparation of a report under proteins, molecular motors, principles of the direction of an instructor. Open to MATH 10a laser tweezers, and atomic force students doing research in an approved Techniques of Calculus (a) microscopy. Can be taken before or after topic in biological physics. BIPH 11b. Usually offered every year. Staff MATH 10b Mr. Kondev Techniques of Calculus (b)

BIPH 11b Seminar in Biological Physics Core Courses PHYS 15a Corequisite: PHYS 15b. May yield half- Advanced Introductory Physics I course credit toward rate of work and graduation. BIOL 18a PHYS 15b Introduction to recent experimental and General Biology Laboratory Advanced Introductory Physics II theoretical advances in biological physics at the first-year physics level. Examples of BIOL 18b PHYS 19a topics include the physics of DNA and General Biology Laboratory Physics Laboratory I proteins, molecular motors, principles of laser tweezers, and atomic force BIOL 22a PHYS 19b microscopy. Can be taken before or after and Physics Laboratory II 84 Biological Physics

PHYS 20a Elective Courses BIOL 102b Modern Physics I Structural Molecular Biology

PHYS 20b The following courses are approved for the BIOL 126b Modern Physics II program. Not all are given in any one year. and Disease Please consult the Schedule of Classes each PHYS 30b semester. CHEM 144a Quantum Theory Computational Chemistry BCHM 101a PHYS 39a Advanced Biochemistry: Enzyme NBIO 136b Advanced Physics Laboratory Mechanisms Computational Neuroscience

PHYS 40a BCHM 104b NBIO 140b Introduction to Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry of Principles of Neuroscience Statistical Mechanics BCHM 170b NPHY 115a Bioinformatics Dynamical Systems, Chaos, and Fractals

BIOL 25a PHYS 105a Molecular Motors Biological Physics

Department of Courses of Study: Major (BA/BS) Biology Combined BS/MS

Objectives How to Become an Major

Undergraduate Major Students wishing to major in biology should enroll in general The undergraduate program in biology, leading either to the BA chemistry during their first year. Students may elect to take BIOL or the BS degree, is designed to give students an understanding of 15b, an introductory course in biology in the first year. Exceptionally fundamental and current biological knowledge in a variety of well prepared students may enroll in Cell Structure and Function fields. The program offers a wide array of courses to and/or Genetics in their first year. Most students begin the biology undergraduates, ranging from introductory to advanced, series in their sophomore year and take Genetics and Molecular specialized, graduate-level courses in many of these areas. The Biology and Cell Structure and Function (BIOL 22a and b), plus labs. biology department has twenty-five full-time faculty members During their sophomore year, students should enroll in Organic with teaching and research interests in the fields of genetics, Chemistry, with associated labs. While other course schedules are molecular biology, development, cancer, , possible, the one described above allows students ample time to neurobiology, motility, , structural biology, animal complete the remaining requirements (physics, and biology electives) behavior, and . for the biology degree during the junior and senior years and leaves students the option of enrolling in Senior Research during the senior Since the interests and needs of our students vary, the major is year. designed to provide flexibility once the core courses have been completed. Students may elect undergraduate-level courses in a To learn more about the biology major, students should attend one of variety of areas of biology and biochemistry or may choose to the special departmental programs held each fall or consult with the obtain more-advanced, in-depth training in one particular area. undergraduate advising head. Students are also encouraged to take advantage of opportunities to become integral members of research laboratories in the department and to attend departmental colloquia.

A major in biology provides excellent preparation for students intent on careers in biological research who want to go to graduate school; for those seeking careers in medicine, veterinary medicine, and dentistry; and for those interested in the allied health professions such as public health, genetic counseling, physical therapy, or physician assistant. For those seeking courses concerned with ecology or environmental science, the biology department offers study in those areas. See “Special Note B” below for additional programs in those areas.

Graduate Programs in the Biological Sciences For MS and PhD degrees in the biological sciences, see the separate listings for molecular and cell biology, biophysics and structural biology, neuroscience, and genetic counseling programs in this Bulletin. Biology 85

Faculty Kenneth Hayes (Director, Foster Animal Joan Press, Undergraduate Advising Head Lab) (Rosenstiel Center) Comparative nutritional pathophysiology in Developmental immunology and Eve Marder, Chair (Volen National Center man and animals. Lipoprotein immunogenetics. for Complex Systems) and atherogenesis, cholelithiasis. Neurotransmitter modulation of neural Ruibao Ren (Rosenstiel Center) circuits. Elaine Hiller Signal transduction. Human genetics. Susan Birren (National Center for Michael Rosbash (National Center for Behavioral ; Volen National Melissa Kosinski-Collins Behavioral Genomics) Center for Complex Systems) Protein biochemistry. RNA processing and molecular Developmental neurobiology. neurobiology. John Lisman (Volen National Center for Carolyn Cohen (Rosenstiel Center) Complex Systems; Chair, Neuroscience) Piali Sengupta (National Center for Structural molecular biology. Mechanisms of phototransduction. Behavioral Genomics; Volen National Molecular mechanism of memory storage. Center for Complex Systems) Paul Garrity (National Center for Developmental neurobiology in C. elegans. Behavioral Genomics; Volen National Susan Lovett (Rosenstiel Center) Center for Complex Systems) Genetics and molecular biology of bacteria Neil Simister (Rosenstiel Center) Neural development and behavior. and yeast. DNA repair. Recombination and Molecular immunology. Antibody mutagenesis. transport. Bruce Goode (Rosenstiel Center) Biochemistry and genetics of yeast Michael Marr Judith Tsipis (Chair, Genetic Counseling) cytoskeleton. Mechanisms controlling . Genetic counseling.

Leslie Griffith (National Center for Paul Miller (Volen National Center for Gina Turrigiano (National Center for Behavioral Genomics; Volen National Complex Systems) Behavioral Genomics; Volen National Center for Complex Systems) Computational and theoretical Center for Complex Systems) Biochemistry of synaptic plasticity. neuroscience. Activity-dependent regulation of neuronal properties. James Haber (Rosenstiel Center) James Morris Genetics and molecular biology of yeast . Medicine. . History Lawrence Wangh meiotic and mitotic recombination. Mating- of science. Mammalian embryogenesis. Gene type switching. Repair of broken expression in single cells. DNA chromosomes. Sacha Nelson (National Center for amplification and in vitro DNA diagnostics. Behavioral Genomics; Volen National Jeffrey Hall (Volen National Center for Center for Complex Systems) Kalpana White, Senior Honors Coordinator Complex Systems) Synaptic integration in the visual cortex. (Volen National Center for Complex Neurogenetics and molecular neurobiology Systems) of higher behaviors in Drosophila. Daniela Nicastro (Rosenstiel Center) Developmental neurogenetics. Electron tomography of cellular and macromolecular .

Dan L. Perlman (Chair, Environmental Studies) Ecology, , animal behavior.

Requirements for the Major Option II: The BS Degree in Biology The BS is the intensive biology option that provides students with a strong background in several areas of biology. In addition to the A. Required of all candidates: BIOL 22a, b; BIOL 18a,b lab; CHEM courses required of all candidates (listed as in A above), students must 11a,b or CHEM 15a,b; CHEM 18a,b or CHEM 19a,b lab; CHEM complete BCHM 100a plus two courses from the Quantitative Course 25a,b; CHEM 29a,b lab; PHYS 10a,b or PHYS 11a,b; PHYS 18a,b List. In addition, students must complete five elective courses, at or PHYS 19a,b lab; and Option I or II below. least three of which must come from Category 1 and be taken at Brandeis. Two semesters of BIOL 99 (or BCHM 99 or NEUR 99) may Option I: The BA Degree in Biology count as one elective for the BS in biology in Category 1. Additional The BA is the standard biology option that provides students courses may be taken as electives from either the Quantitative with a general background in biology. In addition to the courses Course List (beyond the two used to fufill the BS quantitative required of all candidates (listed above), students must complete requirement) or Category 2 (see below). one course from the Quantitative Course List below. Also, students must complete a total of five elective courses, three of No course offered for major requirements in either Option I or II may which must come from Category 1 and be taken at Brandeis. Two be taken on a pass/fail basis. Satisfactory grades (C– or above) must be semesters of BIOL 99 (or BCHM 99 or NEUR 99) may count as earned in all biology and biochemistry courses offered for the major one elective in Category 1. Additional courses may be taken as and in all elective courses offered for the major in biology. No more electives from either the Quantitative Course List or Category 2 than one D will be allowed in any other course offered toward the (see below). requirements in this department. 86 Biology

Quantitative Course List graduate level (and completed with a grade of B– or above) and they CHEM 144a must include courses from at least three of the research areas of the MATH 10a, 10b, 15a, 20a, 21a, 21b biology department. Research areas include genetics, molecular NPHY 115a biology, cell biology, structural biology, immunology, and NPSY 137b neurobiology. In addition, a substantial research contribution is QBIO 110a required, and students must submit a research thesis to the biology One of the following statistics courses: BIOL 51a, ECON 83a, department graduate committee for review. A thesis submitted for HSSP 100b, MATH 36b, PSYC 51a. the master’s degree may also be submitted to the biology department NOTE: AP calculus will not satisfy the quantitative requirement. for departmental honors.

Category 1 Electives BIOL 15a (only if taken before BIOL 22a or b) Special Notes Relating to the Undergraduate Program BIOL 17b All other BIOL courses above the 22 level (excluding courses numbered 90–98) A. Premedical and Predental Students BCHM 100a BIOL 18a and 18b (labs) and BIOL 22a and 22 b will satisfy the general All NBIO courses (excluding courses numbered 90-98) biology entrance requirements of most medical schools. Two semesters of BIOL 99a,b (or BCHM 99 or NEUR 99) may count as one elective B. Biology majors wishing to study ecology, conservation, and marine studies may wish to look into the environmental studies program Category 2 Electives described in this Bulletin, as well as the following programs. ANTH 116a BCHM courses above the 100 level Semester in Environmental Science at the Marine Biological CHEM 141a, 142a, 143b, 146a, 147b Laboratory in Woods Hole: Five courses are offered each fall as part of QBIO 120b a residential program, including the analysis of terrestrial and aquatic Any course from the Quantitative Course List above (a single , microbial and animal ecology, global issues, and course cannot be used to fulfill both the quantitative ecological modeling. Every student must do an independent research requirement and an elective). project during the semester. Up to four semester course credits may Only one course may be taken from the grouping (BIOL 51a, be earned toward the Brandeis degree and three semester course PSYC 51a, ECON 83a, MATH 36b, or HSSP 100b), either as an credits may be counted toward the biology BA or BS elective elective or to fulfill the quantitative requirement. requirement.

BB. Senior Research Marine Studies Consortium: The MSC, with which Brandeis is Any senior, regardless of GPA, may enroll in laboratory research affiliated, offers a wide variety of courses on the marine environment. (BIOL 99a and b or 99e). Students petition the department during These courses are listed among the biology and environmental studies the beginning of their senior year for participation in Senior course offerings in this Bulletin. Research. Petitions and information about Senior Research are available in the biology department office. See BIOL 99d course Denmark’s International Studies Program: DIS offers a range of description for details. programs in and ecology, environmental biology, medical practice and policy, and molecular biology and genetics. C. Senior Honors Program Organization for Tropical Studies: OTS offers semester-long Laboratory research is a major component of the senior honors interdisciplinary programs covering tropical biology, Latin American program. Enrollment in BIOL 99 (Senior Research) is obligatory; culture, and Spanish; summer courses include field tropical ecology students must fulfill the BIOL 99 requirements (see B above). At and field . Courses are offered in both Costa Rica and the conclusion of their second semester of BIOL 99 (Senior South Africa. Research), candidates for senior honors will give an oral defense of their senior honors thesis to a designated faculty research School for Field Studies: SFS offers programs at a number of different committee. At the conclusion of their senior year, candidates for sites around the world, including East Africa, Costa Rica, Baja senior honors must either have a 3.30 grade point average in all Mexico, Australia, and the West Indies. courses offered for the biology major, or have a 3.00 GPA in courses offered for the biology major and have achieved an School for International Training: SIT offers programs around the average of B+ or better in three biology electives, not including world in ecology, conservation, and sustainable development. BIOL 99. Petitions and information about the senior honors Students should see Mr. D. L. Perlman for further information on program are available in the biology department office. these programs, including information on transferability of course credits as biology electives.

Combined BS/MS Program C. Biology majors who wish to enroll in PHYS 11a and b (Basic Physics), rather than PHYS 10a and b (Physics for the Life Sciences), must complete both MATH 10a and b as prerequisites. Candidates for departmental honors may be admitted to a special four-year BS/MS program upon recommendation of the D. AP exam credit: Students receiving AP credit as per university department and approval by the Graduate School. Application to guidelines may use these to satisfy the general chemistry (CHEM 11) the Graduate School must be made by May 1 preceding the senior or physics (PHYS 10, 11) requirements. However, neither AP Math AB year; applications should include a proposed course of study scores of 4, 5 nor AP Math BC scores 3, 4, 5 may be used to satisfy the specifying how all degree requirements will be met, a transcript, quantitative course requirement for the biology major. a letter of recommendation from the research sponsor, and a brief description of the proposed research project. To qualify for the BS/MS degree in biology, students must complete a total of thirty-eight courses; these courses must include those needed to satisfy requirements A, option II, and B, as indicated above plus three additional electives in biology or biochemistry or as listed under requirement A, option II, above. Of the eight electives required for the BS/MS degree, at least six must be at the Biology 87

Courses of Instruction BISC 3b Humans and the Environment BISC 7a The Biology and Culture of [ sn ] Deafness Does NOT meet requirements for the major Does not satisfy the School of Science in biology. requirement. Does not meet requirements (1–99) Primarily for Undergraduate Explores a range of interactions between for the major in biology. Students and their environments. Focuses An exploration of the biology, sociology, on human interactions with and impacts on and language of the deaf. Looks at normal the natural world. Usually offered every mechanisms of hearing and different causes BISC 2a Human , third year. of deafness. Medical models of deafness are Explosion, Global Consequences Mr. D.L. Perlman compared with social/cultural concepts of [ sn ] deafness. The course will also introduce Does NOT meet requirements for the major BISC 4a Heredity students to the language of the deaf in biology. [ sn ] , American Sign Language (ASL). Appropriate for students interested in a Does NOT meet requirements for the major Usually offered every second year. broad range of fields including biology, in biology. May not be taken by students Mr. Morris environmental studies, and the social who have completed BIOL 22a. sciences. This course progresses from a An exploration of what genes are and their BISC 7b Exercise molecular and cellular biology description functions. Examines how genes are [ sn ] of basic facts in human genetics and inherited, how they work, and how changes Does NOT meet requirements for the major reproduction, an evolutionary description of in certain genes cause inherited diseases. in biology. human origins in Africa and global Also investigates recent biological An introductory course in exercise migration, to a demographic and developments such as the Human physiology, with the focus on the muscular, epidemiological view of human population Project, genomics, , stem cells, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and growth, to a consideration of some of the and the new medical and ethical challenges metabolic responses and the physiological very complex problems arising from the these developments pose in the twenty-first that occur during exercise. presence of more than six billion people on century. Usually offered every third year. Concepts related to physical fitness, body Earth today. Readings include scientific Ms. Sengupta composition/weight control, and training papers appropriate to students with high principles are discussed. Usually offered school backgrounds in biology and BISC 5a Pathogens and Human Disease every year. chemistry, essays in the social sciences, and [ sn ] Mr. Burr a wide variety of other texts and media. Prerequisite: High school chemistry and Usually offered every second year. biology are essential. Does NOT meet BIOL 12a General Biology Lab I Mr. Wangh requirements for the major in biology. May Prerequisite: Must be taken concurrently not be taken by students who have with BIOL 14a. Does yield half-course BISC 2b Genes, Culture, History: A Case completed BIOL 22a, 22b, 125a, or 175b. credit toward rate of work and graduation. Study This lecture course discusses the life cycle, Two semester-hour credits. Laboratory fee: [ sn ] pathogenesis, transmission, and $15 per semester. Does NOT meet Does NOT meet requirements for the major of certain organisms (bacteria, requirements for the major in biology, in biology. viruses, fungi, etc.) that cause important biochemistry, or neuroscience, but does An interdisciplinary course with human diseases. Other topics will include satisfy the general biology entrance contributions from professors in three emerging diseases, host defense requirement of most medical schools. departments. Findings from the Human mechanisms, vaccines, public health Provides firsthand experience with a wide are correlated with cultural concerns. Usually offered every year. array of organisms and illustrates basic and historical information about specific Ms. Press approaches to problem solving in biology. human . Usually offered every Usually offered every summer. third year. BISC 5b Diseases of the Mind Staff Mr. Wangh [ sn ] Prerequisite: High school chemistry. Does BIOL 12b General Biology Lab II BISC 3a Paradigms of Biological not meet the requirements for the major in Prerequisites: Must be taken concurrently Investigation biology. May not be taken by students who with BIOL 14b. Does yield half-course [ sn ] have completed BIOL 22b. credit toward rate of work and graduation. Does NOT meet requirements for the major An exploration of biology of several protein Two semester hour credits. Laboratory fee: in biology. May not be taken by students folding diseases including Alzheimer’s, $15 per semester. Does NOT meet who have completed BIOL 22a or BIOL 22b. Parkinson’s Huntington’s, ALS, and mad requirements for the major in biology, Examines the concepts and principles of cow disease and their affect on normal brain biochemistry, or neuroscience, but does scientific research with examples from its function. Examines the medical and ethical satisfy the general biology entrance Greek beginnings to modern times. Topics challenges of therapies, , and requirement of most medical schools. from , biophysics, clinical trials on patients afflicted with See BIOL 12a for course description. molecular biology, and physics are used to these disorders. Usually offered every Usually offered every summer. describe the of scientific advances. second year. Staff Concepts related to experimental design Ms. Kosinski-Collins and critical thinking are considered. BIOL 14a General Biology I Usually offered every year. BISC 6b Environmental Health [ sn ] Mr. Farber [ sn ] Does NOT meet requirements for the major Does NOT meet requirements for the major in biology. in biology. An introduction to the biology of organisms The impact on human health of and populations. Topics include evolution environmental contamination with toxic, of life, biological diversity, and the carcinogenic, or pathogenic agents. Tools of physiology of plants and animals. Usually , epidemiology, and risk offered every summer. assessment are applied to specific Staff environmental issues such as air and water quality, petroleum, metal, and other chemical contaminations. Usually offered every second year. Staff 88 Biology

BIOL 14b General Biology II BIOL 18b General Biology Laboratory BIOL 28a Marine Biology [ sn ] Prerequisites: CHEM 18a or 19a. BIOL 22b [ sn ] Prerequisites: BIOL 14a, an introductory must be taken before or concurrently with Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and BIOL 22b. biology course, or high school AP biology. this course. Does yield half-course credit Offered under the auspices of the Marine Does NOT meet requirements for the major toward rate of work and graduation. Science Consortium and open to Brandeis in biology. Laboratory fee: $20 per semester. students by petition. An introduction to the principles of modern Provides firsthand experience with a wide Survey of the basic biology, behavior, and cellular and molecular biology. Also array of organisms and illustrates basic life history of marine biota. Review of includes selected topics in genetics, approaches to problem solving in cell physical from polar to tropical biochemistry, and . biology. Usually offered every year. waters. Focus is on the evolution of Usually offered every summer. Ms. Kosinski-Collins adaptive responses to the physical and Staff biological factors in marine communities. BIOL 22a Genetics and Molecular Biology Weekly laboratory consists of field trips to BIOL 15b Biology: Human Implications [ qr1 sn ] different habitats and examination of [ sn ] Prerequisite: CHEM 10a or 11a or 15a. specimens from several marine phyla. This course may not be taken for credit by An introduction to our current Usually offered every third year (at students who have completed BIOL 22a or understanding of hereditary mechanisms Brandeis). BIOL 22b. Core course for the HSSP and the cellular and molecular basis of gene Mr. D.L. Perlman (Brandeis coordinator) program. transmission and expression. Usually The last half-century brought an offered every year. BIOL 30b Biology of Whales unprecedented expansion of our knowledge Mr. Garrity [ sn ] of the living world. The effects of these Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and BIOL 22b, plus discoveries on our lives and the effects of BIOL 22b Cell Structure and Function two upper-level biology electives. This our lives on the rest of the living world are [ sn ] limited enrollment course is offered under increasing. Recent developments in biology Prerequisite: CHEM 10a or 11a or 15a. the auspices of the Marine Science affect our health-care choices, our An introduction to the architecture and Consortium and is open to Brandeis consumer choices, and even our choices as function of cells, , and their students by petition. parents. This course is intended as an macromolecular components. Topics Examines the biology and conservation of introduction to contemporary biology. It include fundamental processes that are whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Topics stresses the fundamentals of cell biology common to all cells and the functions of include physiology, morphology, population and genetics and explores the diversity of specialized cells. Usually offered every year. biology, life history, molecular genetics, life, including and plants. Mr. Simister distributional ecology, and social behavior. It emphasizes evolution, physiology, and Usually offered every year (at Brandeis). ecology. The course is intended to prepare BIOL 23a Ecology Mr. D.L. Perlman (Brandeis coordinator) students to understand the biology of [ sn ] everyday life and to provide a strong Prerequisite: BIOL 22a or 15b, or a score of BIOL 31b Biology of Fishes foundation for those who continue to study 5 on the AP Biology Exam, or permission of [ sn ] the life sciences. Usually offered every year. the instructor. Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and BIOL 22b, plus Mr. Simister Studies organisms and the environments in two upper-level biology electives. This which they live. Focuses on the physical limited-enrollment course is offered under BIOL 17b Conservation Biology factors and intra- and inter-species the auspices of the Marine Science [ sn wi ] interactions that explain the distribution Consortium and is open to Brandeis First- and second-year students should and abundance of individual species, from students by petition. contact the instructor before enrolling in an evolutionary perspective. Usually offered Evolution, , , this writing-intensive course. every year. physiology, and behavior of freshwater, Considers the current worldwide loss of Mr. Olson marine, and anadromous fishes from biological diversity, causes of this loss, and temperate and tropical environments. Fish methods for protecting and conserving BIOL 25a Molecular Motors interactions in communities: predator/prey, . Explores biological and social [ sn ] host/symbiont relationships, and fish as aspects of the problems and their solutions. Prerequisite: BIOL 22b. herbivores. The ecology of fish populations. Usually offered every year. A discussion of movement at the cellular Usually offered every year (at the New Mr. D.L. Perlman level. Analyzes how molecular motors England Aquarium). generate motion and how their activity is Mr. D.L. Perlman (Brandeis coordinator) BIOL 18a General Biology Laboratory controlled. Topics include intracellular [ sn wi ] transport, muscle contraction, rotary BIOL 32a Field Biology Prerequisites: CHEM 18a or 19a, and BIOL motion, moving along DNA, and [ sn ] 18b, or permission of the instructor. BIOL cell division. Usually offered every second Introduces students to the biodiversity of 22a must be taken before or concurrently year. southern New England, emphasizing plants with this course. Does yield full-course Staff and insects. Course work primarily takes credit toward rate of work and graduation. place on field trips to various terrestrial and Laboratory fee: $20 per semester. This lab is aquatic habitats. Field trip scheduling will time-intensive and students will be be discussed during the first meeting. expected to come in to lab between regular Usually offered every year. scheduled lab sessions. Mr. D.L. Perlman Provides firsthand experience with a wide array of organisms and illustrates basic approaches to problem solving in genetics and molecular biology. Usually offered every year. Ms. Kosinski-Collins Biology 89

BIOL 42a Physiology BIOL 60b Evolution BIOL 99a Senior Research [ sn ] [ qr sn oc ] The first of a two semester courses Prerequisite: BIOL 22b. Prerequisite: BIOL 22a (formerly BIBC 22a). involving the student in an independent Introduces basic physiological principles ”Nothing in biology makes sense except in research project conducted under the with an overview of neural and hormonal the light of evolution,” Dobzhansky said supervision of a staff member and serving as control mechanisms. Topics include famously. Evolution is a unifying theory of an intensive introduction to specific physiology of cardiovascular and respiratory biology because it explains almost methods of biological research. In cases systems, electrolyte regulation, digestion everything about the living world—the where students are able to do unusually and absorption, and reproduction, with an diversity of life, similarities among long, intensive work in the laboratory, they overview of immunology. Usually offered organisms, and the characteristics of all may request a third course credit during the every year. living things. This course examines petition process; if this request is approved Mr. Hayes processes and patterns of evolution, by the senior honors coordinator, students including the origin and fate of variation, should register for BIOL 99a (fall) followed BIOL 43b Human Anatomy natural and sexual selection, inbreeding and by BIOL 99e (spring). The combined [ sn ] , the evolution of sociality, the enrollments for Senior Research may not Prerequisite: BIOL 22b. species concept and the origin of new exceed three semester-course credits. To This course is designed to provide a sound species, biodiversity, and , as fulfill the BIOL 99 requirements, students basis for an understanding of human well as the history of life on Earth, must (1) submit to their research sponsor, (mammalian) anatomy. The gross and including the fossil record and human at the conclusion of their first BIOL 99 microscopic morphology of each evolution. Usually offered every year. semester, a paper that reviews the literature system is considered in depth. Correlations Mr. Morris pertinent to their field of research, and (2) between structure and function are submit to their research sponsor, at the emphasized. Lectures, laboratory BIOL 98a Readings in Biology conclusion of their second BIOL 99 dissections, and clinical cases are used to Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and BIOL 22b. Does semester, a senior thesis that includes an illustrate the structures and functions of NOT meet the requirement in biology. May abstract, an introduction, a review of the human body. Usually offered every year. not be taken for credit by students who materials and methods, results, discussion, Mr. Morris have satisfactorily completed BIOL 98b. and references. Usually offered every year. Open to exceptionally well qualified Staff BIOL 50b Animal Behavior students. This is a tutorial course with [ sn ] readings in a specified biological field. The BIOL 99b Senior Research Prerequisite: BIOL 23a or BIOL 60b. student will be given a reading list, A continuation of BIOL 99a. See BIOL 99a Examines a wide range of animal behavior, including current literature and reviews of for course description. including mating and reproductive tactics, the topic to be discussed. Course Staff territoriality, and social behaviors. The requirements include weekly discussions course employs an ecological framework to and the writing of several papers. Usually BIOL 99e Senior Research understand the evolution of behavior. offered every year. See BIOL 99a for course description. Usually offered every second year. Staff Usually offered every semester. Mr. D.L. Perlman Staff BIOL 98b Readings in Biology BIOL 51a Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and BIOL 22b. Does [ sn ] NOT meet the major requirement in (100–199) For Both Undergraduate Prerequisite: MATH 10a. biology. May not be taken for credit by and Graduate Students A basic introduction to methods of students who have satisfactorily completed statistics and mathematical analysis applied BIOL 98a. to problems in the life sciences. Topics See BIOL 98a for course description. BIOL 101a Molecular Biotechnology include statistical analysis of experimental Usually offered every year. BIOL 101a Molecular Biotechnology [ sn ] data, mathematical description of chemical Staff Prerequisite: BIOL 22a. reactions, and mathematical models in A study of the molecular basis of DNA neuroscience, population biology, and replication, RNA transcription, RNA epidemiology. Usually offered every year. processing and editing, protein synthesis, Ms. Johnson-Leung and structure function relationships with emphasis on DNA and protein BIOL 55b Diet and Health manipulation and molecular biology [ sn ] techniques. Usually offered every year. Prerequisite: BIOL 22b must be successfully Ms. Kosinski-Collins completed prior to taking BIOL 55b. Reviews the current evidence concerning dietary impact on the chronic diseases of humans. Topics include genetics and , cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Students also examine the involvement of specific nutrients, e.g., fat and cholesterol, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and alcohol in these disease processes. Usually offered every second year. Mr. Hayes 90 Biology

BIOL 102b Structural Molecular Biology BIOL 122a Molecular Genetics BIOL 132a General [ sn ] [ sn ] [ sn ] Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b, or Prerequisite: BIOL 22a. Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b, CHEM 25a permission of the instructor. A lecture- and literature-based course and 25b. Cells are filled with machines that carry emphasizing strategies of genetic analysis A survey of the physiology of bacteria and materials about the cell, that chemically in understanding complex processes such as other microorganisms. Concentrates on transform molecules, that transduce , the control of DNA replication or the those aspects of cell structure and function and much more. Our understanding of how regulation of the cell cycle and cell that are important for diverse microbial these machines work depends on differentiation. A second emphasis is on the lifestyles. In addition, pays special understanding their structures. This mechanisms that preserve genetic stability attention to the biology of disease-causing introduction to the structural basis of and ensure accurate transmission of genetic organisms and microbiological problems molecular biology examines the designs of information from generation to generation facing medicine today. Usually offered proteins and nucleic acids, their assembly in both somatic and germ cells. Classical every second year. into macromolecular complexes, and the genetic methods and molecular genetic and Ms. Press means whereby we visualize these genomic approaches are examined. Research structures. Considers the physical and papers of current and historical interest are BIOL 134b Tropical Ecology chemical basis for specificity in molecular discussed. Usually offered every second [ sn oc ] recognition. Usually offered every second year. Prerequisite: BIOL 23a or permission of the year. Mr. Haber instructor. Staff Offers an in-depth look at tropical ecology BIOL 125a Immunology focusing on the question: why are tropical BIOL 103b Mechanisms of Cell Functions [ sn ] regions ecologically so different from [ sn ] Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b. temperate and polar regions? Usually Prerequisite: BIOL 22b or permission of the Topics include properties, functions of cells offered every second year. instructor. involved in innate and adaptive immunity; Mr. D.L. Perlman An advanced course focusing on a genes, structure, function of mechanistic understanding of cell biological immunoglobins and T cell receptors; cell NBIO 136b Computational Neuroscience processes and the methods by which these interactions; lymphocyte differentiation; [ sn ] processes are elucidated. Papers are chosen genetic regulation; MHC restriction; cell Prerequisite: MATH 10a or PHYS 10a or to illustrate a variety of experimental interactions and signaling; tolerance and approved equivalents. approaches including biochemistry, autoimmunity; vaccines; viral immunity; An introduction to concepts and methods in genetics, and microscopy. Topics include AIDS. Usually offered every year. computer modeling of neural systems. cell cycle, signal transduction, cytoskeleton Ms. Press Topics include the basic biophysics of ion and cell movement, membrane traffic, and conduction, single and multicompartment intercellular transport. Usually offered BIOL 126b Protein Structure and Disease neuron models, information representation every year. [ sn ] and processing in the visual system, and Mr. Goode and Ms. Nicastro Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b, or the models of synaptic plasticity, working equivalent, or permission of the instructor. memory, and decision making. Usually BIOL 105b Molecular Biology Reviews the basic principles of protein offered every second year. [ sn ] structure, so that the functional aspects of Mr. Miller Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b. different protein designs may be Examination of molecular processes in understood. Examines various protein NBIO 139b The Neurobiology of Brain replication and expression of genetic related to certain molecular Disorders information and techniques by which this diseases and the architecture of some key [ sn ] understanding has been achieved. Topics viruses and their infectivity. Consideration Prerequisite: NBIO 140b. include recombinant DNA and other of drug design is an integral part of the Explores the basic mechanisms underlying molecular biological techniques, structure course. Student presentations are essential some of the major mental illnesses that and organization of DNA in chromosomes, to the course. Usually offered every second have provided insight into normal brain DNA replication, transcription and year. functioning. Primary sources are used to regulation of gene expression, RNA Ms. Cohen compare ideas about the bases and structure and processing, mRNA stability, treatments of these diseases. Special one- and other mechanisms of post-translational BIOL 128a Human Genetics time offering, spring 2008. control. Usually offered every year. [ sn ] Ms. Grashow Ms. Lovett and Mr. Rosbash Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b. Survey of topics, including: and NBIO 140b Principles of Neuroscience BIOL 111a Developmental Biology polymorphism; molecular methodology; [ sn ] [ sn ] single-gene inheritance and complexities Prerequisite: BIOL 22b or permission of the Prerequisite: BIOL 22b. thereof; multifactorial conditions, risk instructor. How do complex organisms build assessment and Bayesian analysis; Examines the basic principles of themselves starting from single cells? ; hemoglobinopathies; neuroscience. Topics include resting Examines how processes such as population genetics; gene mapping; cancer potentials, action potentials, synaptic fertilization, embryogenesis, cell genetics; ethical considerations in genetics; transmission, sensory systems, motor differentiation, and -specific gene immunogenetics; pharmacogenetics; systems, learning, neural circuits expression occur; what is known about the genetics of development; biochemistry of underlying behavior, neurological diseases, key molecules and genes that orchestrate selected genetic diseases; gene therapy, and mental illness. Usually offered every these processes; and how genetic changes genomics, , and bioinformatics. year. affecting these processes underlie the Usually offered every year. Mr. Lisman evolution of body form. Usually offered Ms. Hiller every second year. Ms. Birren Biology 91

BIOL 141b Molecular Pathophysiology NBIO 147a Neurogenetics BIOL 155a Project Laboratory in Genetics [ sn ] [ sn ] and Genomics Prerequisite: BIOL 42a, BCHM 100a, or Prerequisites: BIOL 18a and 22a. [ sn ] NBIO 140b, or permission of the instructor. Development and function of the nervous Prerequisites: BIOL 18a,b and 22a,b. An in-depth investigation of the molecular system and responses of excitable cells This small, laboratory-based course mechanisms by which the body’s organ studied in neurological and behavioral provides a unique opportunity for students systems maintain health/ and mutants. Characterization and to pursue an independent research project. succumb to genetic diseases (e.g., cystic manipulation of genes, defined by these Each year focuses on a specific topic, such fibrosis, Parkinson’s disease, ALS), with mutations and using molecular biological as bacterial genetics, epigenetic additional emphasis on understanding how tools. Organisms: microbes, roundworms, mechanisms of gene regulation, or the body adapts to physical exertion and fruit flies, mammals. Neurobiological areas: microbial diversity, and students will exercise. Usually offered every second year. embryonic neural development, nerve cell design and carry out original experiments. Staff differentiation and pattern formation, Students will learn basic molecular biology membrane excitability, responses to visual techniques, genetic and genomic analysis, NBIO 143b Developmental Neurobiology and chemical stimuli, biological rhythms, and experimental design. Usually offered [ sn ] and reproductive behavior. Usually offered every year. Prerequisite: BIOL 22b or permission of the every third year. Ms. Lovett and Mr. Morris instructor. Staff Discusses the mechanisms used in the BIOL 160b Human Reproductive and development of the nervous system. Topics NBIO 148b Cellular Neuroscience Developmental Biology include determination of neuronal cell [ sn ] [ sn ] fates, neuronal differentiation and pattern Prerequisite: NBIO 140b or permission of Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b. formation, neuron survival and growth, and the instructor. May be taken concurrently Course deals with hormonal, cellular, and mechanisms responsible for generation of with NBIO 140b. molecular aspects of gametogenesis, connectivity in the nervous system. Focuses on cellular and molecular fertilization, pregnancy, and birth. Usually offered every second year. mechanisms of excitability and synaptic Pathological and abnormal variations that Ms. Sengupta plasticity. Students examine classic occur and the available medical experiments on action potentials and technologies for intervention, correction, NBIO 145b Systems Neuroscience synaptic transmission and the original and facilitation of these processes are [ sn ] research literature dealing with the cellular discussed. Usually offered every year. Prerequisite: NBIO 140b. mechanisms of developmental and learning- Ms. Jackson A fundamental question in neuroscience is related plasticity. Usually offered every how our brains extract and compute year. BIOL 172b Growth Control and Cancer features and functions—such as direction of Mr. Nelson [ sn ] motion from visual stimuli—and how Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b. experience allows the microcircuits within BIOL 149b Molecular Covers the fundamental rules of behavior of our brains to become better tuned to such [ sn ] cells in multicellular organisms. Examines features. Understanding these processes Prerequisites: BIOL 22b and CHEM 25a and cellular and molecular mechanisms that requires insight into the cellular and b. NBIO 140b strongly recommended. govern cell growth, and differentiation and network mechanisms that give rise to them. Covers the essentials of pharmacology and survival in normal cells, as well as how this We will begin by examining the classical the study of the actions of chemical agents regulation is disrupted in cancer. Usually literature, and then we will move on to (drugs, toxins, neurotransmitters, and offered every second year. recent advances in understanding the hormones) that interact with living Mr. Ren cellular and network properties of brain systems. Emphasizes molecular microcircuits. The course emphasizes mechanisms of neuropharmacology. Topics BIOL 174b Stem Cells reading from original papers and extensive include pharmacokinetics, hormone action, [ sn ] class discussion. Usually offered every year. autonomic pharmacology, and the Prerequisites: BIOL 22a and 22b. Ms. Turrigiano psychopharmacology of drugs of abuse and Stem cells are cells that can both undergo mental disorders. Usually offered every self-renewal and give rise to all cells or NBIO 146a The Neurobiology of Human third year. special cell types of the body. They have Disease Ms. Griffith the potential for the restoration of lost [ sn ] organ function that cannot be achieved Prerequisite: NBIO 140b. NBIO 150a Autism and Human through traditional drug therapies. Covers A lecture- and literature-based overview of Developmental Disorders stem cell biology, cell differentiation and the neurobiological underpinnings of [ sn ] transdifferentiation, cell lineage neurological and psychiatric disorders Prerequisite: BIOL 22b. commitment, gene expression regulation, including autism, mental retardation, Autism and other developmental disorders signal transduction, cell identity memory, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s are characterized by abnormal brain and cell therapies. Provides a unique way to disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other development resulting in cognitive and gain insights into developmental biology, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative behavioral deficits. Takes an integrative molecular and cell biology, cancer biology, disorders. Usually offered every second approach to investigate the biological, biology of aging, and regenerative medicine, year. behavioral, medical, and social aspects of as well as bioethics and health and public Mr. Nelson human developmental disorders. Usually policies. Usually offered every second year. offered every second year. Mr. Ren Ms. Birren 92 Biology

BIOL 175b Advanced Immunology: Topics Cross-Listed Courses in Infectious Disease [ sn ] Prerequisites: BIOL 125a and permission of ANTH 116a the instructor. Human Osteology An advanced lecture- and literature-based course that focuses on a select group of COSI 230a microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.) Topics in considered important in human disease. Topics include mechanisms/determinants QBIO 110a of pathogenicity, immune evasion, host Numerical Modeling of Biological Systems immune responses, vaccines, public health issues, and bioterrorism agents. Usually QBIO 120b offered every second year. Quantitative Biology Instrumentation Ms. Press Laboratory

Bioorganic Chemistry See Biochemistry

A graduate program Courses of Study: Master of Science Biophysics and Structural Biology

Objectives Research for the PhD dissertation is carried out under the personal supervision of a faculty advisor; advisors can be from any department within the School of Science. Prospective applicants should obtain Graduate Program in Biophysics and Structural Biology the complete list of faculty research interests and recent publications The interdepartmental Graduate Program in Biophysics and from the program or view this information at: www.bio.brandeis.edu/ Structural Biology, leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, biophysics. is designed to develop the student’s capacity for independent research. The program is focused on the application of the physical sciences to important problems in molecular and How to Be Admitted to the Graduate Program cellular biology. It offers opportunities for study and research in a variety of fields, including protein crystallography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular microscopy, The general requirements for admission to the Graduate School are biophysical chemistry, neuroscience, sensory transduction, and given in an earlier section of this Bulletin. Applications should chemo-mechanical energy transduction. Applicants are expected include, in addition to letters of reference, a personal statement to have strong backgrounds in the physical sciences with describing the reasons for the applicant’s interest in the field and undergraduate majors in any related field, such as biology, previous research experience, if any. Applicants are required to take biochemistry, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, or physics. the Graduate Record Examination and are encouraged to visit The course requirements for the PhD are formulated individually Brandeis for interviews, if possible. for each student to complement the student’s previous academic work with the goal of providing a broad background in the physics and chemistry of biological processes.

Faculty Advisory Committee Jeff Gelles Christopher Miller (Biochemistry) (Biochemistry)

Dorothee Kern, Chair Jané Kondev (Biochemistry) (Physics)

Jeff Agar (Chemistry) Biophysics and Structural Biology 93

Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Teaching Requirement As part of their PhD training, students are required to assist with the teaching of two one-semester courses. Program of Study This graduate program does not normally admit students to Residence Requirement pursue the MS degree. In special cases, however, the MS degree The minimum residence requirement is three years. may be awarded upon completion of an approved program of study consisting of at least six graduate-level courses in biology, Language Requirement physics, biochemistry, quantitative biology, or chemistry with a There is no language requirement. grade of B– or better. Generally, the courses include BIOP 200b, BIOP 300a, and BIOP 300b. Financial Support Students may receive financial support (tuition and stipend) Residence Requirement throughout their participation in the PhD program. This support is The minimum residence requirement is one year. provided by a combination of university funds, training grants, and faculty research grants. Language Requirement There is no language requirement. Qualifying Examinations To qualify for the PhD degree, each student must write and defend in Thesis oral examinations two propositions related to research in biophysics To qualify for the MS, a student must submit a thesis reporting a or structural biology. The subject of the second proposition must be substantial piece of original research carried out under the outside the immediate area of the student’s dissertation research. supervision of a research advisor or advisors. Dissertation and Defense The dissertation must report the results of an original scientific Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy investigation into an approved subject and must demonstrate the competence of the PhD candidate in independent research. The dissertation research must be presented and defended in a final oral examination. Program of Study The PhD Program in Biophysics and Structural Biology is designed to accommodate students with previous academic majors in a wide range of fields, including biology, physical Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in chemistry, engineering, and physics. Consequently, the course Biophysics and Structural Biology with Specialization in requirements for the PhD are tailored to the needs of the Quantitative Biology particular student. In consultation with each entering student, the program chair formulates a program of study for the student based on the student’s previous academic accomplishments and Program of Study scientific interests. Successful completion of the courses listed in Students wishing to obtain this specialization must first gain the program of study fulfills the course requirements for the approval of the graduate program chair or quantitative biology liaison. PhD. The required program of study consists of seven one- This should be done as early as possible, ideally during the first year semester courses, of which six are completed in the student’s of graduate studies. In order to receive the PhD in Biophysics and first year. The first-year courses include BIOP 200b and two Structural Biology with additional specialization in quantitative courses of laboratory rotations (BIOP 300a,b). In addition to the biology, candidates must complete 1.) the requirements for the PhD seven courses, the noncredit course CONT 300b (Ethical Practice described above and 2.) the course requirements for the quantitative in Health-Related Sciences) is required of all first-year students. biology specialization that are described in the quantitative biology All students beyond the first year must register for BIOP 401d. section of this Bulletin. Students in their third and higher years of study will have yearly progress meetings with a faculty committee of three for the Any alteration to the quantitative biology course requirements must purpose of maintaining a satisfactory trajectory toward be approved by the graduate program chair and by the quantitative completion of the thesis defense. biology program faculty advisory committee.

Courses of Instruction placed on making an independent BIOP 300b Introduction to Research in determination of whether the author’s Biophysics conclusions are well justified by the A continuation of BIOP 300a. (200 and above) Primarily for experimental results. In consultation with Staff Graduate Students the instructor, each student also develops a research proposition based on independent BIOP 401d Biophysical Research Problems reading and prepares a research plan in the Independent research for the MS or PhD form of a mock-grant proposal. Usually degrees. All graduate students beyond the BIOP 200b Reading in Macromolecular BIOP 200b Reading in Macromolecular offered every year. first year must register for this course. Structure-Function Analysis Structure-Function Analysis Mr. Gelles Usually offered every semester. Required for first-year biochemistry and Staff biophysics and structural biology graduate BIOP 300a Introduction to Research in students. Biophysics Introduces students to chemical and Students must consult with the program physical approaches to biological problems chair prior to enrolling in these courses. through critical evaluation of the original Students carry out four nine-week projects literature. Students analyze scientific in the research laboratories of biological papers on a wide range of topics in the and physical science faculty members. fields of biochemistry and biophysics. Staff Discussion focuses on understanding of the scientific motivation for and experimental design of the studies. Particular emphasis is 94 Biophysics and Structural Biology

Cross-Listed Courses Courses of Related Interest NBIO 140b Principles of Neuroscience

BCHM 101a BCHM 170b NBIO 145b Advanced Biochemistry: Enzyme Bioinformatics Systems Neuroscience Mechanisms BCHM 171b PHYS 104a BCHM 102a Protein X-ray Crystallography Soft Condensed Matter Quantitative Approaches to Biochemical Systems BCHM 219b PHYS 110a Enzyme Mechanisms Mathematical Physics BCHM 103b Advanced Biochemistry: Information BCHM 220a PHYS 163a Transfer Mechanisms Proteases Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics

BCHM 104b BCHM 223a PHYS 169b Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules Enzymology of Biofuels, Bioplastics, and Advanced Laboratory Bioremediation PHYS 105a Biological Physics BCHM 224a Required First-Year Graduate Health- Single-Molecule Biochemistry and QBIO 110a Biophysics Related Science Programs Course Numerical Modeling of Biological Systems BIOL 102b QBIO 120b Structural Molecular Biology CONT 300b Ethical Practice in Health- Quantitative Biology Instrumentation Related Sciences Laboratory BIOL 103b Required of all first-year graduate students Mechanisms of Cell Functions in health-related science programs. Not for credit. BIOL 224b Ethics is an essential aspect of scientific The RNA World research. This course, taught by university faculty from several graduate disciplines, CHEM 129b covers major ethical issues germane to the Special Topics in Inorganic Chemistry: broader scientific enterprise, including Introduction to X-ray Structure areas or applications from a number of Determination fields of study. Lectures and relevant case studies are complemented by public CHEM 132b lectures during the course. Usually offered Advanced Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy every year. Mr. Morris CHEM 143b Kinetics, Dynamics, and Transport

CHEM 144a Computational Chemistry

CHEM 246b Advanced NMR Spectroscopy