Keynote Works, Libraries and Manuscripts
SELECTED KEYNOTE WORKS Michael Alexander (2007) Medievalism: The Middle Ages in Modern England.
Susan Aronstein (2005) Hollywood Knights: Arthurian Cinema and the Politics of Nostalgia. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. An overview of Hollywood’s contributions to the Arthurian legend, from 1917’s Knights of the Square Table to 2004’s King Arthur, in their political and cultural contexts. See also Susan Aronstein and Tison Pugh, co-editors (2002). The Disney Middle Ages: A Fairy Tale and Fantasy Past. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Contributors: Martha Bayless, Clare Bradford, Allison Craven, Maria Sachiko Cecire, Amy Foster, Rob Gossedge, Kevin J. Harty, Kathleen Coyne Kelly, Erin Felicia Labbie, Ilan Mitchell-Smith, Paul Sturtevant, Stephen Yandell. Tison and I also have articles in the collection. The essayists of The Disney Middle Ages explore Disney’s mediation and re-creation of a fairy-tale and fantasy past, not to lament its exploitation of the Middle Ages for corporate ends, but to examine how and why these medieval visions prove so readily adaptable to themed entertainments many centuries after their creation. AND Susan Aronstein (2012) An Introduction to British Arthurian Narrative. University of Florida Press: A introductory discussion of medieval British Arthurian texts, ranging from early Welsh romances, through Geoffrey of Monmouth, later chronicles and popular romances, and concluding with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Thomas Malory’s Morte D’Arthur.[Entry written by Susan Aronstein]
Brantley L Bryant (2010) Geoffrey Chaucer Hath A Blog. Palgrave. Siobhan Brownlie (2013) Memory and Myths of the Norman Conquest. Boydell and Brewer. Brain Cogan and Jeff Massey (2014) Everything I Ever Needed to Know About —, I Learned From Monty Python. Julie A Chappell (2013) Perilous Passages: The Book of Margery Kempe, 1534-1934. Palgrave. Kathleen Coyne Kelly and Tison Pugh Queer Movie Medievalisms. Kathleen Davis and Nadia Altschul (eds) (2009) Medievalism in the Postcolonial World: The Idea of ‘The Middle Ages’ Outside Europe.
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Carolyn Dinshaw (2012) How Soon Is Now? – Medieval Texts, Amateur Readers, and the Queerness of Time. Duke University Press. Louise D’Arcens (2014) Laughing at the Middle Ages: Comic Medievalism. Boydell and Brewer. AND with Andrew Lynch (eds) (2014) International Medievalism and Popular Culture AND (ed) (2015) The Cambridge Companion to Medievalism. Elizabeth Emery and Richard Utz (2014) Medievalism: Key Critical Terms. Boydell and Brewer. Laurie Finke and Martin Shichtman (2009) Cinematic Illusions: The Middle Ages on Film AND Medieval Texts and Contemporary Readers AND Laurie Finke (2004) King Arthur and the Myth of History. Nickolas Haydock and EL Risden (2009) Hollywood in the Holy Land: Essays on Film Depictions of the Crusades and Christian-Muslim Clashes. Ann Howey and Stephen R. Reivers (2006) A Bibliography of Modern Arthuriana (1500-2000). Brewer. Eileen A. Joy (2012) Dark Chaucer: An Assortment Karolyn Kinane and Meriem Pagès (2015) Televising the Past: Small-Screen Medievalisms. McFarland. Daniel T Kline (2014) Digital Gaming Re-imagines The Middle Ages. Routledge. David Marshall (ed) (2007) Mass Market Medieval: essays on the Middle Ages in Popular Culture. David Matthews (2015) Medievalism: A Critical History. Boydell and Brewer. Alexander Nagel (2012) Medieval Modern: Art Out of Time. Dan Nastali and Phillip Boardman (2004) The Arthurian Annals: the Tradition in English from 1250- 2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tison Pugh and Kathleen Coyne Kelly (2014) Cinema Chauceriana Carol Robinson and Pamela Clements (2012) Neomedievalism in the Media: Essays in Film, TV and Electronic Games. Margaret Rogerson (2011) The York Mystery Plays: Performance in the City. Jason Tondro (2011) Superheroes of the Round Table: Comics Connections to Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Mcfarland. Stephanie Trigg (2012) Shame and Honor: A Vulgar History of the Order of the Garter. Angela Weisl and Tison Pugh (2012) Medievalisms: Making the Past in the Present AND (2005) MLA Approaches to Teaching Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and The Shorter Poems. Julian Weiss and Sarah Salih (eds) (2012) Locating the Middle Ages: The Spaces and Places of Medieval Culture. Boydell and Brewer.
JOURNALS AND WEBSITES Barrington and Hsy’s Global Chaucers project: www.globalchaucers.wordpress.com Brantley L Bryant as LeVostreGC: http://houseoffame.blogspot.com Boydell and Brewer’s Medievalism series, edited by Chris Jones and Karl Fugelso. Got Medieval, Carl S Pyrdum. See www.gotmedieval.com Medievally Speaking: See www.medievallyspeaking.blogspot.com, edited by Richard Utz, especially for extensive list of reviews and interviews. MEMO, Medieval Electronic Multimedia Organisation, edited by Carol Robinson and Pamela Clements. See www.medievalelectronicmultimedia.org Bonnie Wheeler’s New Middle Ages series for Palgrave postmedieval, edited by Eileen Joy. Studies in Medievalism, edited by Karl Fugelso. See www. medievalism.net/sim.html TEAMS texts online: The Camelot project, the Robin Hood project, The Crusades Project, Visualizing Chaucer. www.dlib.rochester.ed Jason Tondro is doctor comics: See www.doctorcomics.blogspot.com
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SELECTED PRIMARY WORKS Patience Agbabi (2014) Telling Tales Simon Armitage (2006) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. AND The Death of King Arthur (2013) Caroline Bergvall (2011) Meddle English Julian T. Brolaski (2011) gowanus atropolis Gillian Clarke, The King of Britain’s Daughter. See also Collected Poems (1997) Carcanet. Greg Delanty and Michael Matto (2012) The Word Exchange: Anglo-Saxon Poems in Translation. Norton and Co. Jane Draycott, with Peter Hay and Lesley Saunders (1998) Christina the Astonishing. tworivers press. AND Pearl (2011) Catherine Fisher (1994) The Unexplored Ocean. Seren. ALSO Crown of Acorns (2010) and other works: go to www.catherine-fi sher.com Matthew Francis (2008) Mandeville Lavinia Greenlaw (2014) A Double Sorrow: Troilus and Criseyde Seamus Heaney (2000) Beowulf Gwyneth Lewis (2012) A Hospital Odyssey Karen Maitland The Vanishing Witch (2014); Company of Liars (2009); The Owl Killers (2010); The Gallows Curse (); and many more, including her medieval mystery collective. Go to www. karenmaitland.com Bernard O’Donoghue (2006) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Seren’s book series: telling modern versions of the Welsh Mabinogion. See www.serenbooks.com/ books/mabinogion-stories
KEYNOTES AND SUGGESTIONS: BOOKS, FILMS, WEBSITES AND MORE . . .
Interested in fi lm? Take a look at these keynote works By Lesley Coote
Ashton, G. and Kline, D. T. (eds) (2012). Medieval Afterlives in Popular Culture. The New Middle Ages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Bernau, A. and Bildhauer, B. (eds), (2009). Medieval Film. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Bildhauer, B. (2011). Filming the Middle Ages. London: Reaktion Books. Clements, P and Robinson, C. (eds) (2012). Neo-Medievalism in the Media: Essays on Film, Television, and Electronic Games. New York and Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press. Driver, M. and Ray, S. (2004). The Medieval Hero on Screen: Representations from Beowulf to Buffy. Jefferson NC and London: McFarland. Elliot, A. B. R. (2011). Remaking the Middle Ages: The Methods of Cinema and History in Portraying the Medieval World. Jefferson NC and London: McFarland. Finke, L. A. and Schichtman, M. B. (2010). Cinematic Illuminations: The Middle Ages on Film. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Fulton, H. (ed) (2009), ‘Arthur on Film.’ A Companion to Arthurian Literature. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 479–542 Harty, K. (ed) (2002). Cinema Arthuriana. (rev. ed.) Jefferson NC and London: McFarland. Kelly, K. C. and Pugh, T. (2009). Queer Movie Medievalisms (Queer Interventions). Farnham and Burlington VT: Ashgate. Pugh, T. and Weisl, A. J. (2014), ‘Movie Medievalism: Five (or Six) Ways of Viewing an Anachronism’, in Crocker, H. A. and Smith, D. V. (eds). Medieval Literature: Criticism and Debates. London and New York: Routledge. The following websites provide articles, reviews and information: the journals of Studies in Medievalism are particularly recommended, but there are now some other journals in this fi eld.
Medieval Electronic Multimedia Organization. http://medievalelectronicmultimedia.org Medieval Herald. http://www.boydellandbrewer.com/medieval_herald_newsletter.asp Medievally speaking. http://medievallyspeaking.blogspot.co.uk Postmedieval. http://www.palgrave-journals.com/pmed/index.html Studies in Medievalism. http://www.medievalism.net/sim.html
For good reviews and notices of fi lms, journals (among others) to be recommended are Screen, Sight and Sound, and Viewfi nder, the journal of the British Universities’ Film and Video Council. For all fi lm, the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) is the basic information tool. If it’s on, or been on (anywhere), it’s in—somewhere. Non-English language fi lms may be a bit more diffi cult to fi nd, especially Eastern European and Asian, but they are usually in there, somewhere. http://www.imdb.com
KEYNOTES: YOUNG ADULT FICTION By Angela Jane Weisl
Cadnum, Michael. The Book of the Lion. New York: Penguin, 2000. Crompton, Anne Eliot. Gawain and Lady Green. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 1997. Cunder, AJ. The Silver Talon. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse, 2010. —. Destiny’s Map: The Lost Road. Bloomington, UN: Authorhouse, 2014. Cushman, Karen. Catherine, Called Birdy. New York: Harper Trophy, 1994. —. The Midwife’s Apprentice. New York: Houghton Miffl in, 1996. DeAngeli, Marguerite. The Door in the Wall. New York: Laurel Leaf, 1949. Golding, Julia. The Glass Swallow. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Gray, Elizabeth Janet. Adam of the Road. New York: Puffi n Books, 1942. Hanley, Victoria. The Seer and the Sword. London: Scholastic, 2000. Jinks, Catherine. Pagan’s Crusade. Sommerville, MA: Candlewick Press, 1992. —. Pagan in Exile. Sommerville, MA: Candlewick Press, 1994. —. Pagan’s Vows. Sommerville, MA: Candlewick Press, 1995.
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—. Pagan’s Scribe. Sommerville, MA: Candlewick Press, 1996. —. Babylonne. Sommerville, MA: Candlewick Press, 2008. Pierce, Tamora. Alana: Song of the Lioness. New York: Athenaeum, 1983. Roberts, Judson. Viking Warrior. New York: Harper, 2006. —. Dragons of the Sea. New York: Harper, 2007. —. The Road to Vengeance. New York: Harper, 2008. Severin, Tim. Viking; Odinn’s Child. London: Macmillan, 2005. Spinner, Stephanie. Damosel. New York: Knopf, 2010. Spradlin, Michael. The Youngest Templar: Keeper of the Grail. New York: Puffi n, 2008. —.The Youngest Templar: Trail of Fate. New York: Puffi n, 2009. —. The Youngest Templar: Orphan of Destiny. New York: Puffi n, 2010.
MY FAVOURITE KEYNOTE READS By Kathleen Coyne Kelly
On Chaucer: Steve Ellis Chaucer at Large (U of Minnesota P, 2000). Stephanie Trigg Congenial Souls: Reading Chaucer from Medieval to Postmodern(U of Minnesota P, 2002). Candace Barrington American Chaucers (Palgrave, 2007). Kathleen Forni Chaucer’s Afterlife: Adaptations in Recent Popular Culture (McFarland, 2013).
On movie medievalism: Susan Aronstein and Tison Pugh, ed., The Disney Middle Ages: A Fairy-Tale and Fantasy Past (Palgrave, 2012). Laurie Finke and Martin Shichtman, Cinematic Illuminations: The Middle Ages on Film (Johns Hopkins UP, 2010). Kathleen Coyne Kelly and Tison Pugh, eds., Queer Movie Medievalisms (Ashgate, 2009). Nickolas Haydock, Movie Medievalism: The Imaginary Middle Ages (McFarland, 2008). Lynn Ramey and Tison Pugh, eds., Race, Class, and Gender in “Medieval” Cinema (Palgrave, 2007). Susan Aronstein, Hollywood Knights: Arthurian Cinema and the Politics of Nostalgia (Palgrave, 2005). John Aberth, A Knight at the Movies: Medieval History on Film (Routledge, 2003). See also the special issue of Exemplaria, “Movie Medievalism,” 19.2 (2007). And for Monographs theorizing medievalisms take a look at Gail Ashton and Daniel Kline, Medieval Afterlives in Popular Culture, (Palgrave 2012). Tison Pugh and Angela Jane Weisl, Medievalisms: Making the Past in the Present (Routledge, 2012). Angela Jane Weisl, The Persistence of Medievalism (Palgrave, 2003).
The continued success of the journal Studies in Medievalism offers further proof of the health of the fi eld. I note in particular three issues of Studies in Medievalism devoted to theorizing and historicizing medievalism: Defi ning Medievalism(s), vols. 17 and 18 (2009), and Defi ning Neo-Medievalism, vol. 19 (2010). Carolyn Dinshaw’s How Soon Is Now? Medieval Texts, Amateur Readers, and the Queerness of Time (Duke, 2012) is the most recent theoretically-informed foray into medievalism; she concludes by discussing Powell and
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Pressburger’s A Canterbury Tale. Recently, American Literary History devoted a special issue of to medievalism, suggesting that medievalism is attracting attention outside of medieval studies (introduction by Larry Scanlon, 22.4 ([2010]).
KEYNOTES ON HARRY POTTER By Renee Ward
What? You’ve never read a Harry Potter novel? Now’s your chance: J. K. Rowling and the Harry Potter novels: (1997) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. London: Bloomsbury. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. London: Bloomsbury. (1999) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. London: Bloomsbury. (2000) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London: Bloomsbury. (2003) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London: Bloomsbury. (2005) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. London: Bloomsbury. (2007) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London: Bloomsbury. See also, Rowling, J. K. (2012), ‘Pure-blood’. Pottermore. Available from
Wondering where JK Rowling got her ideas from? Have a peek at these: Aberdeen Bestiary, Aberdeen, University Library, MS 24. Andrew, M. and Waldron, R. (eds) (1987), The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (revised edn). Exeter Medieval English Texts and Studies. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. Augustine of Hippo, 1950, The City of God, trans. M. Dods, Modern Library, New York. Bodley Bestiary. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 764. Chestre, T. (2014), Lybeaus Desconus, E. Salisbury and J. Weldon (eds). TEAMS: Middle English Text Series. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications. Chrétien de Troyes (1956), Le roman de Perceval; ou le conte du Graal Publié d’après le ms. Fr. 12576 de la Bibliothèque nationale, W. Roach (ed). Genève: Librairie Droz. Isidore of Seville (2006), The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, S. A. Barney, W. J. Lewis, J. A. Beach, and O. Berghof (trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marie de France (1990), ‘Guigemar’, in Lais de Marie de France, L. Harf-Lancner (trans), K. Warnke (ed). Paris: Librairie générale française, pp. 27–71. Malory, T. (1947), ‘The Tale of Sir Gareth’, in The Works of Sir Thomas Malory vol. 1 (second edn), Eugène Vinaver (ed.). London: Oxford University Press, pp. 289–63.
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Scamander, N. [J. K. Rowling] (2001), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Vancouver: Raincoast Books. Theobaldus E. (1964), Physiologus: Theobaldi Episcopi de naturis duodecim animalium, W. Barnstone (trans). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Still want to read more? About the IQA (2013). The IQA. Available from
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Pugh, T. and Weisl, A. J. (2013), Medievalisms: Making the Past in the Present. New York: Routledge. Rumor SPOTLIGHT for March 14, 2014: Hogwarts Express ride details reveal the world’s most authentic theme park attraction (2014). Orlando Informer Blog. Available from
KEY NOTES ON ARTHURIAN COMICS By Dan Nastali
Of the many websites devoted to comics, Alan Stewart’s Camelot in Four Colors (www. camelot4colors.com) provides the best coverage of Arthurian material. For information on comic books in general, the Grand Comics Database (www.comics.org) can be searched in variety of ways, including creators’ names, titles, even characters. The Comiclopedia of the Lambiek comics shop in Amsterdam (www.lambiek.net/comiclopedia.html) provides career information on over 12,000 comics artists. Several websites and blogs cover British comics, although older comics get most attention. A good place to start is Comics UK (www.comicsuk. co.uk). A searchable site (in French) for French comics is BD Paradisio (www.bdparadisio. com) and a site listing French bande dessinée which have been translated to English is Euro- Comics (www.eurocomics.info).
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Suggested Reading: Daniel P. Nastali and Phillip C. Boardman. The Arthurian Annals: The Tradition in English from 1250 to 2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. This reference work chronologically lists over 11,000 works from early chronicles and romances to modern fi ction, fi lms, comics and games. Entries describe the Arthurian content of each. Jason Tondro. Superheroes of the Round Table: Comics Connections to Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2011. The only book-length treatment to date of the relationship of comic books to the literary tradition. Peter W. Lee. ‘Red Days, Black Knights: Medieval-themed Comic Books in American Containment Culture’ in Studies in Medievalism XXII, 181-200. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2013. A scholarly article on the role of patriotism and international politics in the comics. Michael A. Torregrossa. ‘Once and Future Kings: The Return of King Arthur in the Comics.’ in Adapting the Arthurian Legend for Children, ed. Barbara Tepa Lupack, 243–262. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. An article on a common motif in Arthurian comics. Sally K. Slocum and H. Alan Stewart. ‘Heroes in Four Colors: The Arthurian Legend in Comic Strips and Books’ in King Arthur Through the Ages, vol. 2, 291–308, ed. Valerie M. Lagorio and Mildred Leake Day. New York: Garland Publishing, 1990. An older study but one which provides a good overview. Charles T. Wood. ‘Camelot 3000 and the Future of Arthur’ in Culture and the King: The Social Implications of the Arthurian Legend, 297–313, ed. Martin B. Shichtman and James P. Carley. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994. An analysis of a landmark Arthurian comic book series.
KEYNOTES ON NEOPAGANISM AND NEW AGE By Karolyn Kinane
Hanegraaf, Wouter. New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought . Leiden; New York: E. J. Brill, 1996. Hutton, Ronald. Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Karolyn Kinane, ed. Special issue on New Age and Neopagan Medievalisms. Relegere: Studies in Religion and Reception. Vol. 13.2 (December, 2013)
KEYNOTES FOR MEDIEVALISMS IN CONTEMPORARY OPERA By Robert S. Sturges
Messiaen, Saint François d’Assise http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArrDqQ8RVK4
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Birtwistle, Gawain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMk8N4sMDOE
Tan Dun, Marco Polo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GENUAknsjk
Saariaho, L’Amour de loin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOPd7j7PBJE&list=PLzjYcWlnOdAPP6A- b4lfQoMY12c9OB8uw
Benjamin, Written on Skin 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUA81xE-QLM 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2i7YvhUUh0 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldoFQ2QpI60
Battistelli, Richard III http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKT_Y-_VVdQ&list=PLTkKDJPk1NetXHZW3qMeZ9gu hOpRzRtVP Martynov, Vita Nuova 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ksiwe3Rrxpg 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUaRukgU4N8
Lang, love fail http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyL_fnT8dZU http://vimeo.com/55806874
Cassidy, aria from Hannibal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lv_167Znr6M
Wainwright, Prima Donna http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62KXVIgr4JQ
Schwemmer, Robin Hood http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3HL0VMO-Xg
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LIBRARIES AND MANUSCRIPTS
Read here: for a quick guide to a few of the best manuscript libraries around and some of the most famous medieval manuscripts
LIBRARIES Alberta University Library See the Bruce Peel Special Collections Library with its medieval ms, incunabula, and early printed books, all accessed via the NEOS Libraries’ Catalogue, www.library.ualberta.ca/ specialcollections/ Read more: see too Stephen R. Reimer’s site for a host of links concerning manuscripts: www.ualberta.ca/~sreimer/other/medlinks.htm or for the International Medieval Bibliography at this university.
Beinecke Library, Yale, has over 3,500 items in its ‘medieval’ collection, including one of the largest holdings of incunabula and C15th printed books. Check out its Melk copy of the Gutenberg Bible, and works by William Caxton, Richard Pynson and Wynkyn de Worde, as well as its host of digital images and the Medieval and Renaissance Catalog. See www.beinecke.library.yale.edu www.brbl-net.library.yale.edu/pre1600ms
Bodleian Library This is a treasure trove of medieval manuscripts and early printed books, most of which are now digitized and online, part of a collaboration between the Bodleian Library and the non- profi t organization, ARTstor. The online collection will feature well-known works such as the Romance of Alexander, the Ormesby Psalter and the Ashmole Bestiary. The Bodleian Library’s Department of Special Collections and Western Manuscripts has one of the greatest collections of western medieval manuscripts in the world. See www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley See also www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/medieval for an electronic catalogue of medieval and renaissance manuscripts
British Library, London has a world-famous collection of medieval manuscripts, many of them now digitised. Here are just a few: the Kelmscott Chaucer and Caxton’s edition of The Canterbury Tales; the Cotton Nero A.x. Project hosted by the University of Calgary
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with access to the only remaining ms of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Patience and Cleanness; the Lindisfarne Gospels; a Medieval Bestiary; and St Cuthbert’s Gospel (the Stonyhurst Gospel). Read more about St Cuthbert’s Gospel: London, British Library, Additional MS 89,000, fol. ii verso. The manuscript was previously called the Stonyhurst Gospel because it was kept at the Jesuit College of Stonyhurst, Lancashire, until loaned to the British Library in 1979: Claire Breay (2012), The St Cuthbert Gospel. London: British Library
Cambridge University Library www.lib.cam.ac.uk/deptserv/manuscripts/medieval.html This has a number of interesting ms, including some digitized and online as part of the Cambridge Digital Library. See, for instance, the only copy of Matthew Paris’s illustrated Life of St Edward the Confessor; the C10th The Book of the Deer, a gospel thought to be the oldest ms produced in Scotland; the Nuremberg Chronicle; a copy of Le Roman de la Rose; and Aelfric’s Old English homilies and saints’ lives. Go to www. cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk
Chethams School of Music, Manchester has a small collection of medieval manuscripts, mostly gifted to its library. Access by prior arrangement. http://www.Chethams.org.uk/collections - medieval.htl
Early English Books Online Catalogue: www.eebo.chadwyck.com
John Rylands Library, Manchester www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/ The Rylands Medieval Collection started in October 2008 to digitize over 40 medieval English manuscripts. When I accessed it on May 2014, I could see Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, several copies of Wycliff’s Bible, and an illuminated manuscript of Lydgate’s The Siege of Troy. See this website for images from a wide variety of medieval manuscripts including Dante, Lydgate, Chaucer. Look in their
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● Special Collections ● Image Collections ● Imaging and Digitatision
Harvard and Houghton University Libraries www.hcl.harvard.edu/houghton www.hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/collections/early-manuscripts/index.cfm Harvard has an excellent collection of manuscripts and early books in its medieval Studies Library and the Houghton Library, as well as an increasing presence online with its digitization project: see Digital Medieval Manuscripts at Harvard Library with instances of Richard Rolle’s Prick of Conscience; Lydgate’s Troy Book and Guy of Warwick; the Brut Chronicle; Poor Caitiff c.1400; and a number of English chronicles such as those by Nicholas Trivet and Matthew Paris.
Leeds University Library has a large medieval collection. So has the Yorkshire Archaeological Society Library Archives. See www.leeds.ac.uk/ims
National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales This holds a large collection of medieval manuscripts: one of the biggest Chaucer collections including a mid- C15th copy Chaucer’s Tales, the famous Hengwrt ms and 3 copies of Chaucer’s Tretyse on The Astrolobe (Peniarth MS 359; NLW MS 3049 D; NLW MS 3567 B), plus a copy of his Boece (Peniarth MS 393D), written, we think, by his scribe Adam Pinkhurst at the end of the C14th. Many of these are now online (see Chaucer Manuscripts, this website). NLW also has a range of well-known and previously unknown texts, amongst others:
● a Middle English Miscellany (Brogyntyn MS ii.l) formerly known as Porkington 10 – which includes saints’ lives, the adventures of Gawain, drinking songs, Christmas carols. . . . ● Piers Plowman (NLW MS 733B) c. 1330–86? The copy is poor, incomplete but interesting as it combines 3 of the most famous versions of this text to reveal the ‘history’ and provenance of the poem. ● Roman de la Rose ● Book of Taliesin ● Chronicle of the Princes ● Dafyyd ap Gwilyym and The Cywyddwyr See: www. Ilgc.org.uk/collections/digital-gallery/digital mirror-manuscripts/the-middle-ages/
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Parker Library, Corpus Christie College, Cambridge This is a treasure trove of medieval manuscripts including the C6th Gospels of St Augustine and the oldest extant manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. www.corpus.cam.ac.uk Anon. (2013), Parker Library on the Web, version 1.6. Cambridge: Corpus Christi College and Palo Alto: Stanford University. http://parkerweb.stanford.edu
State Library of Victoria, Australia Yes it’s small, just 27 manuscripts, but it’s probably the largest collection in Australia. Look out for Boethius’s De Musica c.1050, some Books of Hours, and a 1479 manuscript owned by the famous Medicis. www.slv.gov.au/ourcollections/collection-strengths/history-book/medieval-manuscripts
Sydney University Library This holds a large collection of medieval and early work. See its Manuscripta list: www. sydney.edu.au/library/libraries/rare/manuscripta.html
The Google Library Project : out of copyright works available as downloadable pdfs, including editions of Chaucer by WW. Skeat. The Digital Scriptorium, an image database at the University of California and Berkeley. See bancroft.edu/digitalscriptorium
Trinity College, Dublin www.tcd.ie/Library/manuscripts/collections/middle-english.php Trinity College, Dublin is the biggest university library in Ireland with some 5 million painted volumes and manuscripts, journals, maps etc., plus the famous Book Of Kells (www. tcd.ie/Library/book of kells/), and the C8th century Book of Dimma from the Franciscan Monaincha and Sean Ross Abbeys. Read more . . . the Book of Kells (MS 58) c. 800 was voted the 2nd best Irish attraction in 2013. It’s been on display since Victorian times, attracting over half a million people each year. In 1953 it was bound as 4 volumes: two are displayed at any one time. It consists of four Gospels in Latin, and is lavishly decorated. We think it came from the community of Iona, Scotland, and was moved to Kells, County Meath after Viking raids in 806. Was it started on Iona? Completed there? Or was it completed in Ireland? We don’t know for sure. The Book of Kells is displayed in the Treasury. See also the Old Library and The Book of Kells Exhibition.
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The Library has 50 or so Middle English texts with a catalogue compilation currently under way. Famous ones: Richard Rolle’s works (MSS 153–5/159/156–8 and 69) including several copies of The Pricke of Conscience . . . copy of the Brut Chronicle (MS490), two C15th miscellanies with lots of material on the English Wars of the Roses (MSS 432/516) . . . a number of devotional texts, sermons, saints’ lives and tracts supporting C14th John Wyclif. Also: a medieval Latin ms collection and Medieval and Early Modern Irish Language MS collection: amongst others, these include the Annals of Ulster (MS 1282), late C15th Chronicles of Ireland from the arrival of St Patrick to the 1500s . . . the Book of Leinster (MS 1339), a C12th anthology of Irish writings including a copy of the Book of Invasions (Lebor Gabála) . . . and The Yellow Book of Lecan (MS 1318), a late C14th onwards miscellany. Read more: In 2014, current exhibitions were Emperor of The Irish: Brian Born and The Battle of Clontar and The Book of Kells ‘Turning Darkness Into Light’ exhibition relating the historical context of the ms and showing related medieval ms – The Book of Dimma, Book of Armagh, Book of Durrow, Book of Mullin
University of Pennsylvania www.library.upenn/edu/collections/rbm/mss This has more than 125 manuscripts from before the C15th and over 1,000 on microfi lm. Much of the collection is French – see a chansonnier (1400) with over 300 poems by Machaut - or ecclesiastical works. Look in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
SOME FAMOUS CATHEDRAL LIBRARIES Canterbury Cathedral Library/University of Kent, Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies (MEMS) There is a wealth of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts here in its medieval archives and all catalogued online via MEMS, including legal documents and other tests, 31 in original form including The Godwine Charter (1013–16) and The Sandwich Charter granted in 1023 by King Cnut. This collaboration has monthly features on the cathedral website called Picture This which shows and writes about some of texts in the collection of around 30,000 books. (www. canterbury-cathedral.org./conservation/library/picture-this/) Also has lots of C14th painted books including rare examples of continental printing. Read more: I accessed it 20/5/14 and saw: a C14th Book of Hours . . . Annunciation in a C15th Book of Hours . . . The Plumtre Missal, a late C14th/early C15th liturgical book . . . a C15th mini Advent Calendar, complete with little windows . . . and the Cathedral’s oldest printed item, one of a small collection of 30 incunabula (books printed when printing began c1445 – British Library, London and Bavarian
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State Library, Munich have the most incunabula): This was a single leaf, a fragment from medieval German text called ‘The Ploughman from Bohemia’ (Ackerman van Böhumen).
Chester: There has been a library here since the time of St. Werburgh’s Abbey, long before a cathedral was established. See its medieval Book of Hours (C14th) and copy of The Polychronicon by Rannulph Higden, a Chester monk of St Werburgh’s Abbey c1360.
Durham Cathedral Over 300 volumes survive from Durham medieval priory library, some actually copied in Durham’s Scriptorium which makes it the most complete medieval library in the UK. Durham also has a large collection of works from and about what was one of the greatest Benedictine houses. The Cathedral acquired volumes throughout the medieval period so its range is vast. The oldest original books were brought here from Lindisfarne when St Cuthbert’s body was carried to rest in the Cathedral; 481 Lindisfarne books and ms survive, the best now in the British Library but 308 of them are still here in Durham. The collection is scattered – some are in Durham University library – but everything is archived on microfi che in the Cathedral Library.
Hereford’s best treasure is the Mappa Mundi. But the library, which dates back to 1100, holds a fabulous collection of medieval ms, early print books, and an archive of cathedral deeds and activities. Amongst them: The Hereford Gospels; the only surviving copy of Hereford Breviary; a Wycliff Bible; lots of incunabula, 56 in all; 229 ms from C8-16th. List of medieval holdings on National Register of Archives – www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ ura (select corporate name and search for Hereford Dean and Chapter, ref NRA 6186).
Lichfi eld Cathedral Library was destroyed in the Civil War when a private collector hid some of their own and the library’s treasures. The Library Archives has a number of theological and local manuscripts relating to Lichfi eld business and its diocese including 2 copies of The Prick Conscience (MS Lichfi eld 50 and MS Lichfi eld 16), the mystical tract often attributed to Richard Rolle. Most famous for:
● MS Lichfi eld 29 The Canterbury Tales. All the Canterbury tales are here including the spurious Cook’s Tale of Gamelyn and the Ploughman’s with its apocryphal link. Read more: Part of the ms is lost, a few leaves replaced, and the vellum is worn but it’s still well presented in places. Its main hand, c. 1420, is well-preserved. The second hand is mainly on the replaced leaves, c.1570. We know little of its ownership and provenance since nothing of the original bindings is left to help place it. I saw this manuscript on display in the cathedral Chapter House, looking fresh as a daisy. Its colours are still startling even if the vellum is especially wrinkled and brown. You can still see faint rubbed lines in the margins, while in the ‘General Prologue’ each new pilgrim description is marked by an embossed and embellished initial letter, and each
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tale begins with elaborate drawings. I was struck by the gorgeous gold leaf set against the blackened edges of its pages, and the regularity of its copying – as if printed. Only variations in inks, and the quality its preservation, remind us of its age. ● MS Lichfi eld 1 St Chad’s Gospels Written in ‘Celtic’ mix of Latin and a Vulgate ‘dialect’ unique to West Midlands, this fabulous ms is often on display. Read more: It comprises Matthew, Mark, part of Luke; we think the rest of Luke and John’s Gospel was lost in the Reformation and/or Sieges of 1643–46. It seems to have 6 hands in all. The main hand places it as being written here in the Midlands. In the marginalia is one of the earliest instances of written Welsh – suggesting it was bought at some point by a Welsh collector. We know it was held for a time at the monastery at St Teilo, Llandeilo Fawr before being brought back to St Chads in 10th century. Its beautiful illuminations indicate that at least one scribe was working in it in the medieval library here circa 1400. ● MS Lichfi eld 31 Decretals of Gregory IX, copies of ecclesiastical acts, letters of introduction, mandates, all greatly annotated. I love this manuscript, its ancient vellum still between white sheepskin covered original medieval wooden boards – its old, original clasp still intact – opened by many hands. I was almost afraid to open the book. Read more: There are 4 hands on it: the main one c1300, others c.1370, c.1440, then not sure (annotated folia at start and end). This mix of hands is extremely elaborate, with still vibrant inks. See its fabulous notes and marginalia – a little eye or nose, feet, fi ngers pointing, tiny cramped lines of marginalia occasionally so over-written or intertwined that it seems but a palimpsest. And I like the large ‘wormhole’ on the front cover board. ● MS Lichfi eld 30 Codex Juris Canonici, Book of Law This is probably my favourite manuscript ever. Read more: It’s a glorious ms with one beautiful hand on the main test plus glosses thought to be Italian or French, c.1200. There are numerous other notes and additions C14th-16th all in different hands, suggesting the book belonged originally to a late c15th ‘collective body.’ It has ancient worn vellum and so much marginalia, asides, footnotes, pictorial fi gures and codes I could scarcely read it in places. Elsewhere the pictures are vivid amusing illustrations. If you’ve ever wondered what medieval manuscripts look like, take a peek: strange dog-like beasts, colourful birds of all shapes and sizes, a fox wearing a cap and blowing a trumpet, semi-human fi gures fi shing for walruses, a monk, a pelican, jesters, half animal-half human creatures, saints, Christ on the cross, snakes - often as elaborate full-length scrolls or margins. Then there’s the usual melêe of pointing fi ngers, apes, devils, extensive bestiary of horned animals, marsupial-like creatures. And all this detail: two women reading and talking . . . cats. . . . On the bottom of one leaf and taking up most of the margin is a man and a woman, and, nearby, people on a boat with outstretched hands, line drawings of goats and an almost illegible script scrawled on a sail. It’s unlike anything else I’ve ever seen, with no sense of text on a page, spaced, or bounded. This is a varied and complex layout, with lots of middle margins, decorations and annotations. . . .
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Lincoln’s most famous holdings are a copy of the Magna Carta and the Thornton MS. But it also has a copy of a rhyme about Robin Hood; a book printed by Caxton; a C10th copy of Bede’s Homilies which is older even than the cathedral; a copy of The Canterbury Tales, the only copies of the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Sir Perceval of Galles, and the Prose Life of Alexander; lots of work by Richard Rolle; and many romances including Sir Degrevant and Sir Eglamour. It has two fabulous libraries – The Medieval Library and The Wren Library (personal collection), both full of interesting manuscripts. We think the library was built in 1422 as a scriptorium. Opening is limited (April to Oct, set times), so email librarians fi rst, plus some ms are held in archives. There are always exhibitions. Both libraries change these every 2 months. Read more: Full list in Rodney M Thomson, Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Lincoln Cathedral Chapter Library, DS Brewer, 1989.
Norwich: There has been a library here since the priory and church were founded in 1096. Norwich has a huge number of theological and monastic deeds, records etc., all held in the Library Cloisters.
Salisbury has manuscripts from the C9th-15th, royal charters from the C12th including the famous Magna Carta, and other treasures of note: works by Chaucer, Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Protestant reformer Martin Luther.
Worcester: A library since Anglo-Saxon times, it holds around 298 medieval ms ranging from the C10th – 15th. See Bede’s De Arte Metricas, early C10th and the oldest book here, plus a lavishly decorated C14th Book of Hours. Lots of monastic texts and academic/theological treatises; some printed fragments of Chaucer’s and a great incunabula collection. See some manuscripts or portions of them online including Bede: a lovely site packed with images: look on YouTube, ‘Worcester Medieval Treasures’ – www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Lbvc18HS-yYefeature = youtube
SOME FAMOUS MANUSCRIPTS Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales
● Famous Ellesmere ms (MS EL/C9 26) in Huntington Library, San Marino (and other medieval ms), California. Early C15th. Fabulous, mostly undamaged. ● Famous Hengwrt ms (Peniarth MS 3921) at National Library, Wales described on their website as ‘one of the greatest treasures and one of the best known outside Wales.’ Fabulous to see online.
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● www.llgic.org.uk/collections/digital-gallery/digital-mirror-manuscripts/the-middle-ages/ the hengwrtchaucerpeniarth/ ● Copies of the Tales in John Rylands Library in Manchester, UK. Versions written c.1420 and c.1450: found in National Trust property Petworth House, Sussex where they’d lain for at least 400 years. Also has other complete digital versions of Chaucer’s work, plus an early printed copy of the Tales with a handwritten version of the Retraction (as in 1492 Pynson edition of Tales): see Petworth 4860 26i; English 113; English 63. ● Norman Blake Editions of The Canterbury Tales, The Multi Text Edition (eds. Estelle Stubbs, Michael Pidd, Orietta Da Rold, Simon Horobin, Claire Thomson with Linda Cross, 2013). See www.manuscriptsonline.org/resources/ct/ www.chaucermss.org/multitexts Read more: this project began under Norman Blake at Sheffi eld University in 1990s – version in print and online. The Online Multitext Edition means we can now access the whole of the Tales in 8 different ms versions, individually or in multi-text: ● British Library’s Caxton’s Chaucer ● See www.bl.uk/treasures/caxton/homepage.html ● One of British Library’s many treasures – site has digitised 2 editions of Chaucer’s Tales printed c. 1476 + 1483 by William Caxton (original ms held in library and open to scholars). Can view texts or compare side by side and/or with other contextual information. ● Lincoln Cathedral library also has a copy of the Tales. Winchester Cathedral library has a few printed fragments. See Salisbury Cathedral Library. Read more: See Dan Kline’s Geoffrey Chaucer Online: The Electronic Canterbury Tales at www.kankedort.net A fabulous and full resource of texts, contexts, digital libraries, CDs, key translations, translations, essays, bibliographies, journals, websites.
Read more: Caxton’s fi rst edition of The Canterbury Tales (c.1476–77) sold at Sothebys in 1998 for 7 and a half million dollars.
Lindisfarne Gospels (Cotton MS Nero D. IV, held in British Library, London). Written c. 680–720, this is the most famous of all UK treasures. It was made on Holy Island, Northumberland in the monastery founded there by Irish monks as part of the cult of St. Cuthbert, and illuminated by Eadfrith. Written in Latin, it also has the oldest translation of the Gospels – Matthew, Mark, Luke, John in English – still in existence, probably added in 970 or so, in between the lines (Old English). Take the online Lindisfarne Gospels Tour: see the manuscript, fi nd out all about it, and even send an ecard. Go to:
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British Library (2003), The Lindisfarne Gospels, London: The British Library www.bl.uk/ onlinegallery/features/lindisfarne/tour/html Read more . . . The Lindisfarne Gospels were also exhibited at Durham in 2013 in the University’s Palace Green Library which displayed the book together with a number of Anglo- Saxon artefacts including items from the Staffordshire Hoard, Hexham, Lindisfarne itself AND related manuscripts such as the Durham Gospels and St Cuthbert’s Gospel. A virtual exhibition allowed pages to be turned electronically, and this became part of a huge festival with theatre shows, family events, pilgrimages, trips to St Cuthbert’s shrine in Durham Cathedral and the tomb of Bede.
Magna Carta: 4 copies of the 1215 Magna Carta survive: two are in the British Library, one in Salisbury Cathedral and one in Lincoln Cathedral. Salisbury’s is probably the best preserved one. It’s on permanent display in Salisbury Cathedral’s C13th Chapter House. Read more . . . Salisbury’s copy of the Mappa Mundi was voted into England’s Hall of Fame exhibition, April 2014, held to celebrate St George’s Day. All 4 copies were part of an exhibition and brought together for fi rst time ever at the British Library, London on 4th Feb 2015. Lincoln Cathedral holds another 1215 copy plus the 1217 Charter of the Forest, both displayed in Lincoln Castle till the end of summer 2013 in preparation for its 800th year anniversary. The Lincoln ms has often been on tour all over world – New York, 1939; Brisbane, 1988, both for World’s fairs; St Alban’s, 2013; Bury St Edmunds, 2014, USA, 2015 (including Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts, Washington). In 2015 Lincoln’s Magna Carta will tour the USA and elsewhere.
Mappa Mundi – Hereford Cathedral’s best treasure. See it there or look at it online – an especially fabulous interactive resource showing it in technicolour 3D, allowing zoom and view, giving lots of information and contexts about how vellum was used, worn, restored . . . See it for its amazing illustrations of strange beasts, wondrous peoples . . . The map measures 1.59 x 1.34 metres, was made of a single sheet of vellum c. 1300, and is a map of the ‘known’ Christian world (Jerusalem at centre). I love it. www.themappamundi. co.uk Other mappa mundi can be found in Sawley, North Yorkshire; a Psalter in Birmingham Library and Ebstorf in Germany.
Thornton MS: Robert Thornton. See Lincoln Cathedral’s Library treasures
The famous Winchester Bible, biggest and best of the surviving C12th English (though in Latin) bibles. Probably produced by monks St Swithun’s Priory, it was commissioned in 1160 by, we think, William the Conqueror’s grandson Henry of Blois, who was also Bishop of Winchester. Find it in (where else?) Winchester Cathedral Library.
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Interested in more about manuscripts? Read here: Anon. (c. 2010). Roman de la Rose Digital Library. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University. Elisabeth Leedham-Green and Teresa Webber (eds) (2006). The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland: Volume I: To 1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 265–91, 292–321, and 322–44. Matthew Fisher and Christopher Baswell (2008–2011), Catalog of Digitized Medieval Manuscripts. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies,
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